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World's 

Columbian 

Exposition 



LIBRARY_OF CONGRESS. 

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UNITED STATES OP AMEEIOA. 



• - H 
Chauncey M. Depew 
John Boyd Thacher, 
Gorton W. Alien, 
Louis Heredith Howland 
Walter L. Sessions, 
Cttarles A. Sweet, 



COnPLIHENTS OF 

The Board of General Managers 

of tlie 

Exhibit of the State of New York, 

at the 

World's Columbian Exposition. 




ROSWELL P. FLOWER, Governor oe the State of New York 



REPORT 



BOARD OF GENERAL MANAGERS 



EXHIBIT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 



WPRLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITIOK 

'3. 



<?■. 



TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATUEE APRIL 18, 1894. 



ALBANY : 

JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER. 

1894. 



> "V 



^ 



State of New York, 



JSTo. 86. 



TN SKNATE, 



REPORT 



April 18, 1894. 



BOARD OF GENERAL MANAGERS OF THE EXHIBIT OF 
THE STATE OF NEW YORK AT THE WORLD'S COLLTM- 
BIAN EXPOSITION. 



Albany, N. Y., April 18, 1894. 
To the Hon. Roswell F. Flowee, 

Governor of the State of New York : 

SiE. — Pursuant to chapter 236, Laws of 1892, the Board of General 

Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's 

Cohimbiau Exposition have the honor to submit to you the following 

report. 

CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, 

JOHN BOYD THACHER, 

GORTON W. ALLEN, 

LOUIS MEREDITH HOWLAND, 

WALTER L. SESSIONS, 

CHARLES A. SWEET, 

General Managers. 
John Folet, 

Chief Executive Officer. 



REPORT. 



The Columbian Exposition of 1893 lias gone into history pre-eminent 
in architecture as the greatest creation the world has ever seen ; in 
comm,erce as the mightiest aggregation of the products of the brain 
and hand of man ; in education as an opportunity unparalleled for a 
liberal ciilture in arts and science. 

New York's part in this grand production was a proud one. The 
genius of her sons was early called into activity for tlie creative 
work, and the wisdom of the choice was manifest in every part of the 
grounds. Tlie Administration Building, the crowning glory of tliat 
wonderful architectural composition, was the work of Richard M. Hunt. 
The hall of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, which covered the largest 
area of any structure ever built, was the work of Geoi-ge B. Post. 
The Agricultural Building, with all its faultless symmetry of outline, 
was designed by McKim, Mead & White. The Palace of Fine Arts, 
whose classic restfulness and bea^^ty was part of the artistic education 
of the fair, was the work of Charles B. Atwood, as was also the Peris- 
tyle, so fitly completing the lakeward side of the Court of Honor. 

Isor need we confine our list to the buildings alone. New York's 
veteran chief, Frederick Law Olmsted, supervised the landscape gar- 
dening whicli formed the incomparable setting for the architectural 
gems, while the delicate task of decorating buildings and grounds in 
liarmony with the structural design was intrusted to Frank D. Millet. 

In the presentation of her material wealth and resources New York 
was equally prominent. There was not one of the thirteen depart- 
ments in which her exhibits were not a credit and an honor to her 
people, and in four departments, lioi-ticulture, manufactures, fine arts 
and liberal arts, she easily distanced her domestic competitors and rivaled 
as a sister empire the exhibit of any foreign state. 

In the preparation of this report New York's share in tlie exposition 
is traced fully from its first beginnings, both as a matter of justice to 
her uneaualed record and of historical value for future use. 



6 New Yokk at the "W oeld's Columbian Exposition. 

Selection of Site. 

New York city was one of the first mniiicipalities to take prelimi- 
nary action to secure tlie fair. On July 17, 1SS9, Mayor Hugh J. 
Grant, upon the request of fifty leading firms and corporations, issued 
invitations to 300 i^rominent citizens, requesting their attendance at a 
meeting to determine the popular sentiment of the city, as to the 
advisability of holding an exposition to commemorate the 400th anni- 
versary of the discovery of the new world by Columbus, and the avail- 
ability of jSTew York as a proper site for such an exposition. In answer 
to his call the City Hall was crowded on July 25, 1889, with promi- 
nent business and professional men. An organization committee of 
100 was formed, divided into four sub-connnittees of twenty-five each 
on finance, legislation, site and buildings and permanent organization. 

The work of the committee until Congress met consisted in bringing 
the public mind to a receptive state, planning adequate accommodations 
and raising a large subscription fund. 

After the holiday recess Congress turned its attention to the World's 
Fair bill. Four cities put forth serious claims : St. Louis, Chicago, 
New York and Washington. The first was at no time a dangerous 
rival ; the last based its hopes on a possible deadlock, which would 
result in its selection as a compromise. The struggle was between 
New York and Chicago. Tlie advantages, claims and countei-claims 
of both cities were furiously argued through the press and in the legis- 
lative halls. On January 11, 1890, the special committee of the House 
of Eepresentatives gave a hearing to the New York and Chicago dele- 
gations. St. Louis had been heard on the ninth and Washington on 
the tenth. For New York, Chauncey M. Depew, Bourke Cockran and 
Warner Miller made convincing and eloquent arguments ; for Chicago, 
Be Witt Cregier, Thomas B. Bryan and E. T. Jeffrey were able advo- 
cates. The partisans of both cities were encouraged, but it was felt 
that in the end that city would win the prize which could best demon- 
strate its ability to I'aise the amount of money necessary to assure a 
success conunensurate with the dignity of the event. With this end 
in view, the New York organization committee drafted a bill and sub- 
mitted it to the State Legislature January 24, 1890, authorizing New' 
York city to raise $10,000,000 to meet the expenses of the fair. This 
sum added to the subscription fund wliich already exceeded $5,000,000, 
made the magnificent total of $15,000,000 to be offered by New York 




CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, President Board of General Managers 



Report of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 7 

as a guarantj of her earnestness and ability. Even tlie staimcliest 
supporter of Chicago admitted that, should the ISTew York delegation 
make this pledge befoi-e the congressional committee, nothing could 
prevent the selection of ISTew York as the site. 

On Tuesday, the twenty-eighth, the New York Assembly passed the 
organization committee's bill ; on the twenty-ninth the Senate also 
passed the bill, amending it, however, by adding twenty-two names to 
the list ot 104 incorporators contained in the original bill. This was 
done to insure a more equal division of the committee politically, and 
was the first appearance of politics in the project from its very begin- 
ning. The Assembly refused to concur in the amendment, and a dead- 
lock was precipitated. It would he cpiite fruitless to record the pro- 
ceedings of the next three weeks. Conferences, committee meetings, 
hearings and appeals followed one another in rapid succession, but no 
sentiment could seem to rise paramount to ^^artisan politics. 

In the meantime, New York's congressional delegation, under the 
leadership of Governor Eos well P. Flower, then representing the 
twelfth district, James J. Belden, of Syracuse, and Charles Tracey, of 
Albany, were doing yeomen's work. By their united efforts they had 
succeeded in confining the debate to the subject-matter of the bill 
alone, leaving the place to be filled in afterward. The balloting on the 
latter question was fixed for February 24, 1890. 

On February seventeenth a meeting of the New York organization 
committee, supplemented by hundreds of promoters of the fair, "was 
held at Cooper Union. On motion of Chauncey M. Depew, a com- 
promise measure was unanimously recommended to the State Legisla- 
ture. It provided that the names of the 104 incor|)orators should 
remain as irt the first draft of the bill, but that the consent of two-thirds 
of the members should be necessary to j^ass any measure of importance. 
The compromise was acceptaljle t(j the Legislature, and on February 
twentieth the bill, with this proviso, was passed. But, as the sequel 
proved, the action came too late. Its moral effect was entirely dissi- 
pated by the thirty days' struggle, which was seized upon by the op2)o- 
nents of New York as pr(jof positive that a lack of unanimity and 
harmony on the subject existed in New York. It is not "within the 
scope of this report to attempt to fix the responsibility for the failure. 

During the three days before the balloting Congress was besieged by 
a host of New York workers, Imt nothing could prevail against the 
skillful, well-planned and energetic canvass which had been carried on 



8 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition-. 

by the Chicago delegation for a month. On tlie lirst ballot the vote 
stood : Chicago, 115 ; ISTew York, 70 ; St. Louis, 61 ; Washington, 58. 
On the eighth and final ballot Chicago received 157 ; ISTew York, 107 ; 
St. Lonis, 25 ; Washington, 18 ; necessary to a choice, 15-1. 

The bill was rajjidly pushed through the House and Senate, and, on 
April 28, 1890, was signed by President Harrison. In ' accordance 
with the provisions of the bill, on the nomination of Governor David 
B. Hill, the President appointed Chauncey M. Depew, of JSTew York, 
and John Boyd Thaclier, of Albany, National Commissioners, with 
James Roosevelt and James H. Breslin, of New York, as alternates. 
Gorton W. Allen, of Auburn, was appointed one of the commissioners 
at large, with General Lonis Fitzgerald, of New York, as alternate. 
Mr. Allen served as fourth vice-president of the World's Columbian 
Commission, and Mr. Thaclier as chairman of the Executive Committee 
on Awards. 

Banquet Given by New Yokk's National Commissionees. 

Por eigliteen months nothing of consecpience was done towards 
securing a proper representation at the fair of New York's industries. 
Two bills were introduced in the Legislature of 1891 by Senator Lis- 
penard Stewart, creating a board of commissioners, and making an 
appropriation for the presentation of the State's interests at the fair ; 
but the first was allowed to die, and tlie second, after being favorably 
reported from committee, was never pushed to a third reading. Tliis 
apathy indicated no indifference to the success of the fair, for, with 
one or two exceptions, the press of the State was in its favor, while the 
sentiment of the people was pronounced in its good will. The delay 
arose rather from Congress' fixing the date of ojiening for May 1, 1893, 
one year later than the actual anniversary, thus giving the impression 
of much more time, and principally from an inadequate idea of the 
amount of work actually necessary to arouse exhibitors and prepare for 
a complete exposition of the State's resources. 

Li this emergency, tlie complimentary dinner given in New York at 
Delmonico's, December 21, 1891, by the National Commissioners for 
New York, Messrs. Depew, Allen and Thacher, did much to set right 
the attitude of the State in the eyes of the nation. It was given at 
their own expense, and, as expressed by the invitations, " to consider 
New York's duty and interest as they are related to the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition to be held in Chicago, May, 1893." Over 100 guests were 



Eepoet of Boaed of General JManagees. 9 

present. The design and motto of tlie menu card were typical of the 
occasion : " East and West joined with heart and hand." N"o more rep- 
resentative gathering could well be imagined, and every great interest 
in ISTew York was there in the person of one or more of its leading 
men. From Chicago were T. "W" Palmer. President of the World's 
Columbian Commission ; W. T. Baker, President World's Columbian 
Exposition ; George P. Davis, Director-General, and Moses P. Handy, 
Chief Department of Publicity and Promotion. 

Mr. Depew led the after-dinner speaking by setting forth the reasons 
which had called them together, the unfortunate political claims which 
had entered into the councils of the State, the glorious destiny of the 
exhibition, the necessity for unanimous action, and closed ^vith an elo- 
quent peroratiouon the growth of the West and the benefits consequent 
upon the exposition. 

Mr. Depew said : 

Gentlemen. — The New York Cbmraissioners are glad to welcome you 
here to-night. The National Commission for the creation and promotion 
of the World's Fair, or Columbiau Exposition, consists of two members 
from each State and eight commissioners at large, with their alternates. 
The New York members, Mr. Thacher, Mr. Allen and myself, have 
invited you to meet us, not on account of the general interests of the expo- 
sition, for its success as a whole is assured, but we wish to consult with 
you as to the proper jji'ovision which should be made for such a represent- 
ation of our State at the exposition as would be worthy of its position 
among our sister Commonwealths. Unfortunately, with us the question 
has been obscured by political claims and considerations which have not 
entered into the councils of other States, and which have no place, legiti- 
mately or illegitimately, in the consideration of the duties which devolve 
upon us. This exposition is destined to be not only the most phenomenal 
presentation of the industries, the arts, the sciences, the education, and the 
civilization of this and other countries, but its character is in all respects 
purely national. 

The success of the Columbian Exposition must not be impaired or 
retarded by local ambitions or jealousies anywhere. So far as New York 
is concerned it has none; it has not acted in this matter before because the 
time had not yet arrived. It is now prepared to do its part in its own 
imperial way. Whenever a new State is organized there is always fierce 
competition among rival cities for the position of capital of the Common- 
wealth. When the selection is made controversy is forgotten and the for- 
tunate place becomes thereafter the center of the official and legislative 



10 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 

life of the State. New York waa the first capital of the United States 
and continued so for many years. 

The South and the West fiercely contended for a change, and of course 
as the result of the controversy New York lost. Nevertheless it still remains 
the first city of the continent and the center of its enterprise and financial 
strength. Its size and grandeur always have and always will unite all 
places to dispose of it as the most dangerous competitor before indulging 
in their own rivalries. But since Washington became the capital, New 
York has been proud to be represented there by its ablest statesmen and 
to do its part to promote the glory and grandeur of the republic. The 
great West, beyond the Alleghenies, which had made such marvelous 
growth in the last half century in population and agricultural and indus- 
trial wealth, demanded and received the World's Fair for Chicago, which 
city is in itself the most phenomenal exhibit of American enterprise, 
energjr and civilization. Whether the exhibition had been at New York, 
Chicago, St. Louis or San Francisco, it would have been, as it is now, the 
plain duty of each State to do its best to promote an enterprise which 
means so much for the industrial, agricultural and educational intere^ts of 
our country. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was a worthy celebra- 
tion of the completion of the first one hundred years of our independence. 
The country was still staggering under the bankruptcy of the fearful 
panic of 1873, but the exhibition placed our business upon its feet and 
infused life and health into our credit. It distributed to the remotest 
corners of our country that instruction which materialized into new sources 
of employment and development and brought into circulation $100,000,000 
which otherwise would have lain dormant or idle. 

The exhibition two years ago at Paris saved the French republic from 
political destruction by turning the commercial distress which was preva- 
lent throughout France into happy and prosperous times. Three hundred 
millions of dollars or more was in that instance released from savings 
banks and stockings or brought in from other nations to swell the tide of 
French profit and progress. 

Our Columbian Exposition comes at a most opportune time. The 
unprecedented crop which our fields have produced this year and the 
equally unprecedented demand for our food products abroad will give us 
for twelve months an exhilarating period of prosperity. Farm mortgages 
will be paid off, new enterprises will be started, old railroads will be 
extended, and new ones will be constructed, values will rise in market 
price, everybody will be richer and in accord with the temper and spirit 
of our people, credit will be strained to the utmost to realize the largest 
returns from these phenomenal commercial opportunities. In the ordinary 




JOHN BOYD THACHER, Board of General Managers 



E.EPOET OF Board of Geneeal Managees. 11 

course of financial experience overtrading and overconfidence, with prob- 
ably different relations another year between the farm and the markets of 
the world, would be followed by a corresponding collapse. But this great 
indu-trial exhibition at Chicago will take up the frayed threads of oppor- 
tunity too lavishly employed and weave them into new cables to draw the 
car of American progress. The vast movement of peoples over railways, 
the stimulus given to business at cities and railway centers, the hundreds 
of millions of dollars brought into active use which would otherwise be 
unerriployed will save us as a nation from the dangers which threaten and 
crystallize into permanency thousands of enterprises which otherwise 
would fail from lack of confidence or capital. 

The citizens of Chicago are to be complimented and congratulated 
upon the courage and forethought which have characterized their local 
preparations for this grand event. They have already expended $10,000,000 
of their own money, and their patriotism and resources are not yet 
exhausted. 

But the expense of this national enterprise should not be wholly borne 
by the locality where Congress has placed it. The nation should do its 
part to second the efforts of the citizens of Chicago to make this World's 
Fair surpass in every respect any ever yet held in any country. The 
grounds devoted to the fair are more than three times greater in area 
than the acres which the exhibition had at Paris in 1889. The buildings 
are more numerous and much larger than the ones which astonished the 
visitors at the French capital. The floor space in these magnificent struc- 
tures will be five times greater than at the Centennial exhibit at Phila- 
delphia and double that of the French exhibiiion at Paris. 

The cost of the preparations for the Centennial was about $5,000,000, 
and of the French exhibit about $10,000,000. But for the exposition at 
Chicago it will be $17,000,000. The buildings themselves will be an 
industrial exhibition of the highest character. They were designed by 
the most distinguished of American architects. In proportion and 
grandeur they excel the famed structures of other lands. By modern 
invention and the plastic art the architect is enabled to impress upon the 
eye all the effects produced by the genius of Phidias and Praxiteles. 

Our exposition will be unique and distinct from its predecessors at 
London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, in its superb recognition of woman and 
her work. A structure equal in size and appointments to any except the 
Machinery Hall at Paris, and designed by an American girl, will demon- 
strate by its architectural beauty the advance of women in this field, and 
the departments housed in this superb structure, where woman's work will 
be displayed, will fitly show what the United States has done to dignify 



12 New York at the "World's Columbian Exposttioij. 

and ennoble womanhood and give her opportunity to make her way in the 
arts and industries. 

At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia Morse's telegraph com- 
prised almost the sum of our knowledge of electricity, but a building at 
( ;hicag.> twice as large as Cooper Institute, devoted entirely to electrical 
appliances and inventions, will demonstrate by the advance in one 
department the enormous progress of the country in every department 
since then. 

At the time of the Centennial Exposition we had 45,000,000 of 
people, now our numbers reach the grand total of 64,000,000. Then we 
had thirty-seven States, but we have since added seven stars to our flag. 
Then the products of our farms in cereals was about $2,200,000,000, now 
it is over $4,000,000,000. Then the output of our factories was about 
15,000,000,000, now it is over 17,000,000,000. Such progress, such develop- 
ment, such advance, such accumulation of wealth, and the opportunities 
for wealth — wealth in the broad sense which opens new avenues for 
employment and fresh chances for independence and for homes — have 
characterized no other similar period of recorded time. 

It is an insult to the intelligence of our State to ask what should be 
the place of New York in this grand exhibition. First in population, in 
manufactures, and almost in agriculture, first in all the elements which 
constitute a great and growing Commonwealth, its place in the emulous and 
friendly rivalry of sister States in this grand exhibition should bo that 
which natui'e and the enterprise of its people have given it. 

Our markets are v/est, our competitors are west. We must remove 
any prejudice that may exist agaiust our trade and then command the 
markets by the superiority and cheapness of our product. The oppoi- 
tunity is before us to suffer great loss or gain incalculable advantage. 
But aside from material considerations New York has never failerl, w'jen 
patriotic effort was demanded, to respond with volume and enthusiasm 
which sustained its imperial position, [n the presence of this representa- 
tive body, sp-aking for them and through them for the people of the 
Commonwealth, I can say to the country east and west and north and 
south : 

" New York will be at the Columbian Exposition, and it will be there 
in the full grandeur of its strength and development." 

The Columbian World's Exposition will be international, because 
it will hospitably welcome and entertain the people and the products of 
every nation in the world. It will give to them the fullest opportuni'y 
to teach us and' learn from us, and to open new avenues of trade with our 
markets and discover materials which will be valuable in theirs. But its 



Report of Boaed of General Managers. 13 

creation, its magnitude, its location, its architecture, and its striking and 
enduring features will be American. The city in which it is held, taking 
rank among the first cities in the world after an existence of only fifty 
years, is American. The great inland fresh water sea whose waves will 
dash against the shores of Jackson Park is American. The jjrairie 
extending westward with its thousands of square miles of land, a half 
century ago a wilderness but to-day gridironed with railroads, spanned 
with webs of electric wires, rich in prosperous farms, growing villages, 
ambitious cities, and an energetic, educated and progressive people, is 
purely American. 

The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 celebrated the first one hundred 
years of the mdepenuence of the republic of the United States. The 
Columbian Exposition celebrates the discovery of a continent which has 
become the home of peoples of every race, the refuge of those persecuted 
on acjount of their devotion to civil and religious liberty, and the revolu- 
tionary factor in the affairs of the earth, a discovery which has accom- 
plished more for humanity in its material, its intellectual, and its spiritual 
aspects than all other events since the advent of Christ. 

Introduced by ilr. Depew, Hou. John Boyd Thacher spoke as 
follows : 

Our nation is charged with the celebration of the Columbian dis- 
covery because we have best enjoyed its heritage. That discovery was 
meant for mankind. Two events first catch our eye in the 400 years of 
authentic history made in the New World. The one is the planting of 
the cross on Watlings Island in 1492. The other is the planting of the 
standard of American liberty in Philadelphia in 1776. The two events 
were remote from each other in time and distant in scene. The actoi's 
were of different blood. The first not only made the second possible but 
determined its action. 

It is with the chief actor in the first event that we have to do just 
now. What manner of man is this our Columbus ? We have of him 
four and forty distinct portraits. Each is a type. No two of these 
resemble each other. He is in mail and in silken hose ; he is mild and he 
is fierce ; he is freckled like a country lad, and he is bearded like the 
pard ; he has the bewildered look of one who never had a compass, and 
he has the eye through which alone destiny looks. Tou and 1 can draw 
him as we like. If your Columbus is only a searcher after shining gold 
he is a splendid wretch. If your Columbus is only a capturer of harmless 
heathens to drag them after the car of religion he is a pious trifler. A 
man is no better than he makes his heroes. The God who makes men 



14 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

and who uses men never intrusted a great purpose to a mean soul. The 
bearer may not fully know tl e weighty business on which he goes, but 
something of its meaning shines upon him and from his tempered visage 
enforces homage. The lonely Genoese pacing the deck of his caravel, 
watching for land, and no land from day to day, must have had glimpses 
of the new hemisphere and visions of its destiny. And so your Chris- 
topher Columbus and mine is, as his name implies, the anointed bearer of 
a blessing for mankind, a preparer and an opener of a new world in 
which man should be free from his brother, true to himself and obedient 
to his Maker. It is sucli a man about whose statue we are to walk at this 
exposition. It is the tree of his planting which we are to consider ?.s we 
eat of its fruits. No section, no state, no Chicago can hug this blessing 
to its single bosom. It is for us all. Let all the people participate in its 
enjoyment. 

We do not deny our disappointment when the World's Pair winged 
a westward flight. We know that if the unities had been consulted 
neither New York nor Chicago wou'd have beeu selected, but the celebra- 
tion of the great discoverer would have been beneath southern skies and 
where the ocean sea washes the true Guanhani. We claimed the celebra- 
tion in New York because •we were the supreme city of the western 
hemisphere. We haA e lost the fair, but our city has relinquished none 
of her supremacy. It will be mock humility now if we offer to tear 
down our huts to build Chicago's palace. Rather let us rejoice that we 
are great and strong, and that out of our fullness we may aid our sister 
city of the West. Chicago deserves our suppoi't. She has won our admira- 
tion. To raise $10,000,000 of money for a sentimental purpose is a task 
which any metropolis might approach with hesitation. Chicago has 
accomplished this in a few short weeks. Our blood runs faster as we 
recognize this magnificent courage, and we would share in her labor that 
we may justly share in her glory. Nothing pertaining to humanity is 
foreign to the true man. Nothing pertaining to our country is foreign to 
the true American. We are one people, one family. When prosperity 
spceads her sheltering wings in the East the West is safe and happy. 
When in the West the fields of grain stretch far and wide we in the East 
eat bread without scarceness. 

Chicago does not come to us with an offertory basket in her hand. 
She comes bringing to us a flag with the colors of the World's Columbian 
Exposition upon its bright folds. She asks us to wave it in token of 
friendship and a common interest. Let the noble contention between us 
be from this hour which hand shall bear this flag furthest in the march of 
triumph and which voice shall loudest proclaim its glory. 



• 




t* 




1^ 


- 


\ 





GORTON W. ALLEN, Board of General Managers 



Repoet of Boaed of General Managers. IS 

Commissioner-at-Large Gorton W. Allen spoke as follows : 

That the World's Columbian Exposition is to be an unparalleled 
success may as well be retjarded as assured. Not, indeed, because the 
commissioners and the local directory are of themselves able to achieve 
so dtsirable a result by their combined wisdom and enterprise, stimulated 
by a degree of enthusiasm that repels all thought or apprehen-ion of 
failure, but rather because the World's Fair Exposition is the formulated 
exj)fession of the universal wish of the American people. It goes without 
saj'iug that that universal wish is, when formulated, a specific against 
any tendency in the direction of failure. True, we admit the word failure 
in our dictionaries, but it is most commonly employed as one of the 
extremes in human endeavor from which we measure upwards, to actually 
discover the distance between achievement and failure. The enterprise is 
not seeking friends, for the obvious reason that it has no enemies — at 
home or in foreign lands. 

If there has been in the past any suspicion or doubt as to the loyal 
and liberal spirit of the Empire State and its chief city in any and every 
way and manner to the end that the exposition shall be crowned with 
success there is none n jw. Much as our people would have been delighted 
had the generous offer of the metropolis been accepted, the failure to 
secure the location has never for an instant provoked or suggested the 
slightest feeling of retaliation, jealousy or envy. On the contrary', our 
people would be more likely to contribute more generously lest their 
failure to fulfill the largest expectation of Chicago should be attributed 
to disappointment. 

Do j'ou ask me what New York contemplates doing in aid of the 
exposition ? I reply that she will occupy a conspicuous place upon the 
site chosen, and will undoubtedly construct a building quite commensurate 
to the necessities of its citizens who propose to patronize the exposition as 
exhibitors and visitors. Its capacity will be ample ; its architectural 
finish will be in harmony with and not inferior to the buildings of any 
other State. I assure you whatever is necessary for New York to do to 
accommodate her ])eople will, I have no doubt, be done, and done as 
promptly as the Governor and the Legislature can be duly advised by 
competent authority of what is needed. 

And now, addressing myself more especially to the citizens of New 
York, it appears to me that his excellency Gov. Flower should be requested, 
by enactment of our Legislature, to appoint a commission, consisting of 
such number as shall be deemed adequate, to visit the city of Chicago, 
and, in connection with the World's Fair Commissioners fiom this State, 
ascertain the needs of New York State exhibitors and visitors, and with 



16 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition, 

all needful information report to the Governor with the recommendation 
as to the amount of appropriation deemed necessary to provide for the 
needs of the people, and to suitably represent the character and greatness 
of this the greatest State of the Union. In that way the Governor and 
Legislature can be promptly and adequately advised, and be able intelli- 
gently to provide appropriate legislation. Legislative provision for New 
York's exhibitors and visitors without such information would in all jiroba- 
bility result in grievous disappointment. So much for New York State. 

More important than any other purely financial question is that which 
relates to aid from the general government to the Columbian Exposition. 
My views upon the subject are very decided, after much reflection. 

That the exposition is in need of and must have financial aid, and 
that with reasonable promptness, is quite beyond the realm of controversy 
or question. I venture to assume that the general government will give 
heed to the necessity of Ihe case and grant the required aid in some form. 

But in what form ? That an adequate loan of any required amount 
can be secured from the government by the pledges of the revenue of the 
exposition, derived from the admission of visitors, for the payment of the 
debt, at such time and manner and under such regulations as may be 
determined upon, is feasible, and without doubt can be accomplished. 

It can be easily demonstrated that such security would be ample to 
indemnify the government against loss or hazard, and if so it may be 
safely assumed that such aid would be easily within reach. 

It has been suggested by some, and by others urged, that the govern- 
ment should be requested to make an appropriation of the public money 
in aid of the exposition; a gift as distinguished from a loan. This propo- 
sition, I am assured, will meet with decided opposition, and justly so in 
my judgment. Many reasons will be urged against this method of relief, 
but of them all I refer to but one, and that will be held sufficient. 

It has not passed out of the memory of the general public that when 
the question of locating the place for the World's Columbian Exposition 
was before Congress, New York State was a vigorous bidder for the con- 
testedthonor and prize, and she came with an indemnity backed by her 
millionaires, unquestioned and unquestionable, undertaking to assume all 
financial burdens and responsibilities, and to preserve the general govern- 
ment harmless in any emergency. Who doubts for a moment that that 
undertaking would have been faithfully kept ? Who doubts that the city 
and State of New York would have, with prodigal hand, made ample pro- 
vision for all exhibitors, foreign and domestic, out of their own purse ? 

No one then doubted that Chicago meant what she proposed. No 
one doubted but the promoters of the Chicago interest were able, and 



Repoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. it 

intended at all hazards to keep the faith then pledged. Who believes 
now that Chicago would have been successful in that memorable yet 
friendly struggle, if there had been a suspicion of her ability to perform 
what she undertook ? 

Were I a resident of Chicago I would repel any propositions for aid 
from the general government, except in the form of a loan, secured as I 
have before outlined. Her fair name should not be compromised, nor 
her Y'ealth and greatness belitt'ed by the failure to keep her promise, 
which won for her the prestige and honor of being the city chosen by the 
authority of general government as the fittest and best equipped for 
entertaining the nation's guests while attending the greatest exposition 
of the achievements in the world's industries of the nineteenth century. 
Whatever else may be done to secure financial aid and relief let not this 
be done. 

Other speeches were made by Messrs. Palmer, Baker, Davis, Charles 
S. Smith, president of the ISTew York Cliamber of Commerce, and 
J. Seaver Page, to whose judicious management the success of the 
banquet was largely due. The moral effect of this well-cirganized 
movement was felt not only at Albany when the Legislature met, but 
throughout the country. The East and the West, in spite of false 
rumors, were united in the final preparations to make this great indus- 
trial enterprise national in its character ; its failure, if such could be 
admitted, to rest on aU alike ; its glory to be shared by all Americans. 



18 New York at the Woeld's Cohtmbian Exposition. 

The Woeld's Fair Bill. 

As soon as the New York Legislature of 1892 was organized a bill 
was introduced providing ways and means for New York's part in tlie 
fair. It met witli no opposition, and the only controversy was over the 
amount of the appropriation. The general opinion was that $500,000 
was none too much, but $300,000 was the amount finally fixed upon as 
suflicient to conduct the preliminary work for a year. The following 
is the full text of the bill : 

CHAPTEE 236. 
An Act in relation to the exhibit of the State of New York at the 

World's Columbian Exposition, and to provide for the commemoration 

of the 400th anniversnry of the discovery of America. 

Approved by the Governor April 6, 1892. Passed, three-fifths being present. 

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate cuid 
Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section 1. Chauncey M. Depew, John Boyd Thacher, Gorton W. 
Allen, heretofore appointed by the President of the United States mem- 
bers of the World's Columbian Commission, and three other persons to be 
appointed by the Governor of the State in writing filed in the office of the 
Secretary of State, are hereby constituted the general managers of the 
exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposition, 
to be held at Chicago under the provisions of an act of Congress approved 
April 25, IS 90, entitled "An act to provide for celebrating the 400th 
anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Co'umbus, 
by holding an international exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures 
and the products of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, State of 
Illinois." The exhibit of the State of New York at such exposition shall 
not be opened to the public on Sunday, and the general managers herein 
provided for shall take such steps as may be necessary to carry this pro- 
vision into effect. 

§ a. The Governor shall forthwith appoint a board of district commis- 
sioners for each judicial district of the State, consisting of three persons, 
each of whom shall be a resident of the district and, so far as practicable, 
representative of some of the industries of the State. Such district 
ooard shall, under the direction and subject to the control and supervision 
of the general managers, perform such service and discharge such duties 
as may be prescribed or imposed by the general managers, for the purpose 
of securing a full and complete exhibit of the resources, products and 
general development of the State within their respective districts. 




LOUIS MEREDITH HOWLAND, Board ok General Managers 



JReport of Board of General Manawees. 19 

§ 3. The Governor shall forthwith appoint some suitable and competent 
person who is a resident of the State, to be secretary and another to be 
chief executive officer of the board of general managers of the State, 
who shall be removable at the pleasure of the Governor. They shall each 
receive such annual salary as shall be fixed by the Governor, not exceed- 
ing $3,000 for the secretary^ or $5,000 for the chief executive officer. 
Such salaries shall not be paid for more than two years. They shall be 
subject to the direction of the general managers of the State, and per- 
form such duties as they shall prescribe. The said chief executive officer 
shall sit as a member of the said board, but not authorized to vote except 
in case of a tie when he shall have the casting vote. 

§ 4. The general managers of the State shall, immediately after their 
appointment, and upon the call of the Governor, meet at the Cajjitol in the 
city of Albany and organize as a board by the election of a president and 
a vice-president. Three members of the board shall be a quorum for the 
transaction of business. The board may make rules and regulations for 
its government and for the government of the district boards and of the 
chief executive officer. But such rules and regulations shall not conflict 
with the provifcious of the act of Congress hereinbefore referred to, or 
the regulations adopted thereunder, or with the rules and regulations 
adopted by the World's Columbian Commission. The Superintendent of 
Public Buildings shall provide the board of general managers with suit- 
able furnished rooms for their iise as such board in the Capitol. The 
board of general managers shall appoint, a board of women managers of 
such number, and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by the 
board of general managers. The members of all boards appointed under 
this act shall serve without compensation, but their actual, necessary 
expenses, while in the actual discharge of their duties, shall be allowed 
and paid to them out of any sums appropriated therefor, upon the audit 
of the Comptroller. No member of any such board, nor such executive 
officer, .shall be personally liable for any debt or obligation created or 
incurred by him as such commissioner, or such officer, or by such board, 
or any officer thereof. 

§ 5. The board of general managers shall make a report of its proceed, 
ings from time to time to the Governor, and at any time, upon his wiittet 
request, f^all make such a report, to be by him transmitted to the Legis- 
lature, with such suggestions as he may deem important, for a comjilete 
and creditable representation of the State at such exposition. Immedi- 
ately after the formal opening of the exposition an account of all expendi- 
tures made and debts incurred, showing the items, the amounts thereof, 
to whom paid or with whom contracted, and for what purpose, certided 



20 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

by the president of the board of general managers and by the chief 
executive ofHcer to be correct, shall be prepared and filed in the oifice of 
the Comptroller of the State. The board of general managers shall have 
power to expend such sum or sums for the transportation and care of dairy 
products as in their judgment may be deemed necessary to secure a credit- 
able exhibit of said products at the World's Fair. 

§ 6. The board of general managers of the State is also empowered to 
take such steps and make such preparation as in their judgment may be 
necessary or proper for the representation of the State of New York upon 
the occasion of the naval review in New York harbor in April, 1893, 
which is to be held pursuant to section eight of the act of Congress here- 
inbefore referred to. And they are also hereby authorized and empowered 
t ) provide with appropriate ceremonies for the commemoration within the 
State on the 12th day of October, 1892, of the 400th anniversary of the 
discovery of America. 

§ v. The total expenditures to be incurred under the provisions of this 
act shall not exceed the sum of 8300,000; and for the purpose of paying 
such expenditures, the sum of §300,000, or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not 
otherwise appropriated, to be paid by the State Treasurer upon the warrant 
of the Comptroller, issued upon the requisition of the board of general 
managers, signed by its president and secretary, accompanied by estimates 
of the expenses for the payment of which the money so drawn is to be 
applied. 

§ 8. This act shall take effect immediately. 

Appointments. 

A board of general managers of six members was provided for, of 
whom three were named in the act, Messrs. Chauncey M. Depew, of 
JS"ew York city, John Boyd Thaclier, of Albany, and Gorton W. Allen, 
of Auburn, jireviously appointed by the President of the United States 
members of the World's Columbian Commission from the State of 
Ne-CTvYui'k. On April 1:2, 1892, the following -were appointed by Gov- 
ernor Flower as tlie other three members of the Board : Messrs. Louis 
Mereditli Howland, of New York city, Walter L. Sessions, of James 
town, and Charles A. Sweet, of Buffalo. The board, as thus consti- 
tuted, was non-partisan, Messrs. Depew, Allen and Sessions, representing 
the Eepublican party_ aad Messrs. Thaclier, Howland and Sweet the 
Democratic party. On April twelfth the Governor appointed John 
Foord, of New York city, secretary, and on April eighteenth ex-Sena- 




WALTER L. SESSIONS, Board of General Managers 



Eepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 21 

tor Donald McXauglitou, of liocbester, chief executive ofticer of the 
board. 

In accordance with the provisions of the act the Governor also 
appointed, on April twelfth, the f ollo^vin^ as the Board of District Com- 
missioners of the State : 

First Judicial District. 

Richard Delafield JN'ew York. 

Samnel W. Fairchild New York. 

James W. Tappin New York. 

The oiiice of the first district commission was in the Madison Square 
Bank Building, New York city. Chief clerk, Edmund C. Stanton. 

Secojid Judicial District. 

Daniel M. Somers Brooklyn. 

Cord Meyer, Jr Brooklyn. 

Henry Seibert Brooklyn. 

The oiiice of the second district commission was in the Eagle Build- 
ing, Brooklyn. Chief clerk, John Phillips. 

Th ird Judicial District. 

John T. Norton Albany. 

"Williaui H. Bo we, Jr Troy. 

Manly B. Mattice Catskill. 

The office of the third district commission was in the Capitol, Albany. 
Chief clerk, George S. Stevens. 

Fourtlh Judicicd District. 

Edward Ellis Schenectady. 

Thomas J. Whitney Gouverneur. 

George S. Weed Plattsbiirgh. 

The office of the fourth district commission was in the Town Hall, 
Saratoga Springs. Chief clerk, Harry S. Estcourt. 

Fifth Jxcdicicd District. 

John F. Gaynor Fayetteville. 

Walter N. Kernan Utica. 

George B. Sloan Oswego. 

The office of the fifth district commission was in the Kirk Building, 
Syracuse. Chief clerk, William PI. Cole. 



22 New Yoek at the World's Columbian" Exposition 

Sixth Judicial District. 
Hugh Duffy Cortland. 

George F. O'Neil Eingliamton. 

Eobert H. Tliurstoii Ithaca. 

The ofKce of the sixth district commission was in Strong Block, 

Binghamton. Chief clerk, J. F. Hawkins. 

Seventh Juclicial Districi. 

"William S. Kimball Rochester. 

Henry Stowell Seneca Falls. 

Edwin C. Cook Bath. 

The office of the seventh district comiiiission was in tlie Chamber of 
Commerce, Rochester. Chief clerk, William H. Benjamin. 

Eighth Judicial Dist/rict. 
Henry Koons Buffalo. 

Willard T. Ransom Lockport. 

Henry W. Box Buffalo. 

The office of the eighth district commission was at 9 Niagara street, 

Buffalo. Chief clerk, George T. Smith. 

The president, secretary and treasurer of each board are in the order 

named. Messrs. Tappin, Meyer and Norton were subsequently 

appointed in place of the original appointees, Walter Stanton, Orlando 

B. Potter and Robert C. Pruyn, respectively, who were unable to serve. 

Organization of Board. 

In accordance with the call of the Governor, the Board of General 
Managers held its first meeting at the Capitol, in the city of Albany, 
on April 19, 1893. At that meeting Hon. Chauncey M. Depew was 
elected president, and Hon. Gorton W. Allen vice-president. The fol- 
lowing code of rules and regulations was adopted for the guidance of 
tlie board : 

KrOLES and Regulations of the Board of General Managers. 

Rule I. 
The oiBcial title of this body of six commissioners shall be " The Board 
of General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the 
World's Columbian Exposition." 

Rule II. 
The board shall elect from its own members a president and a vice-presi- 
dent and an auditing committee of two members, who, with the chief 



Eepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 23 

executive officer and the secretaiy, as appointed by law, shall constitute 
the regular officers of the board. The board may, by a majority vote, 
reject any clerk or employee appointed by the chief executive officer, but 
the rejection must be made at the nest meeting after the official notifica- 
tion of said appointment. 

Bule III. 

Regular meetings of the board shall be held on the third Tuesday of 
each naonth, commencing on the third Tuesday of April, 1892. 

Rule IV. 
The president or vice-president or any two members of the board, by 
writing, may issue notices for special meetings at any time. 

Rnle V. 
Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transac- 
tion of any business, but in an emergency two members, at a regular or 
special meeting, may consider business, and when such business is approved 
by one or more members it shall stand and be recorded as regulai-, the 
same as if a quorum had been actually present and assented thereto, pro- 
vided that each member of the board shall be notified of the action taken 
and the subject considered by the two members at said meeting. 

Rule VI. 

The president or, in his absence, the vice-president, shall preside over 
all the meetings of the board. He shall appoint all committees, unless 
otherwise directed, and shall generally have all the power and authority 
incident to his offica. 

In the absence of the president and vice-president, the board may 
appoint a chairman who shall, for that occasion, exercise the functions of 
the president. Tn the absence of the pi-esident and vice-president he shall 
sign requisitions, as provided by section 7 of chapter 236, Laws of 1892. 

Rule VII. 

The chief executive officer shall exercise such direction and manage- 
ment of the office as shall make effective the various agencies employed. 

He shall nominate to the board all clerks and employees in ail the 
departments of the board and of the commissions of the several judicial 
districts; but all employees of said judicial district commissions shall be, 
as far as practicable, residents within their respective districts. 

He ehall fix and establish all salaries of officers, clerks and employees, 
subject tC' the approval of the board. 

He shall in like manner have power to remove for cause, made in writ- 



24 New Tokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

ing and tiled in the office of the board, any and all officers, cle~ks and 
employees by him appointed. 

He shall have the power by himself, or through any agent he may 
employ, to visit the several judicial districts and examine the work and 
management of the said judicial district commission. 

It shall be his duty to make regular monthly reports to the board, and 
at such other times as the board may be in session or request such reports. 

Rule VIII. 

The secretary shall be in constant attendance in the rooms of the board. 

He shall be present at all the meetings of the board, unless otherwise 
directed, and keep full and accurate records of all its proceedings, and 
shall make report of the same from time to time, as he may be required. 
All his records shall be open at all times to the inspection of any member 
of the board. 

He shall perform such other duties as the chief executive officer or the 
board may impose upon him. 

Rule IX. 
There shall be an official seal, circular in form, with the following words 
around the margin thereof : " General Managers of New York at World's 
Columbian Exposition, 1893," and in the upper center of said seal shall 
be the coat of arms of the State of New York, and in the lower center a 
representation of a section of the stern Of the ship " Santa Maria," with 
the figure of Columbas standing upon the high deck. 

Rule X. 

The Board of District Commissioners for each of the judicial districts 
shall be known as the " Judicial District Commission of the State exhibit 
at the World's Fair " (the number of the particular district being inserted 
before the word judicial). 

It shall be the duty of each District Commission to meet upon the call 
of the chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers, and to 
proceed to organize by electing a president and secretary from its own 
members, who shall perform the duties incident to their office. It shall 
be the duty of these several commissions to promote, in every way 
possible, the World's Columbian Exposition, and to solicit a proper 
representation at the said exposition of the resources of the Empire State, 
and particularly an exhibition of such of the arts, industries, manufactures 
and j)roducts of the soil as may be within the boundaries of their respec- 
tive districts. To .this end they shall communicate with the different 
interests likely to make such exhibits, acquaint them with the classifica- 




CHARLES A. SWEET, Board ok General Managers 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 25 

tion adopted by the World's Columbian Commission, the rules for the 
installation of exhibits, the arrangements for transportation to and from 
Chicago, the regulations for making awards and premiums, and all such 
other information as ma}'^ enable our citizens to make a creditable display 
of their exhibits. But it shall not be permitted to make any money aid 
or grant to anj' exhibitor or to the representative of any industry. 

The several commissions may adopt rules and regulations for their own 
government, provided such rules and regulations do not conflict with the 
rules of the Board of General Managers, or with the rights, powers and 
privileges of said board. 

The sum of $10,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby 
set apart for the salaries of employees and the expenses of each of the 
said commissions, and the chief executive ofiicer, upon the requisition of 
the respective commissions, may warrant and approve the several items of 
expenditures within the limit here provided, which shall be necessary for 
the proper conduct of the commissions. Weekly reports shall be made 
to the chief executive officer of the progress of the work by each of the 
said commissions. 

No member of said commissions shall receive any compensation for his 
services unless especially authorized by the chief executive officer, and then 
only for his actual expenses. 

Rule XI. 

The Board of Women Managers shall consist of twenty- one women, 
residents of the State, and appointed by the Board of General Managers. 
They are to work in conjunction with the general managers in promoting 
the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, and to assist the repre- 
sentative women of the nation in obtaining for that occasion a full and 
complete portrayal of the industrial and social conditions of woman and 
her achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and departments of 
life, and, therefore, they shall be and hereby are empowered to exercise 
such authority and control in their department as shall be consistent with 
a liberal construction of the act of the Legislature creating the board, and 
with the rules herein adopted. They shall meet in the Capitol at Albany, 
upon the call of the chief executive officer, and proceed to organize by 
electing a president, first and second vice-presidents and a secretary. As 
soon thereafter as practicable they shall elect an executive committee of 
six, who shall have all the powers and rights of the full board when in 
sebsion. 

The said board shall establish its bureau in the rooms of the Board of 
General Managers, and shall have such clerical aid as the chief executive 
officer may provide. 
4 



26 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

The Board of Women Managers!, or its executive committee, shall make 
regular monthly reports to the Board of General Managers, or more fre- 
quently if so requested. 

The sum of $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby 
set apart for the maintenaace and expenses of the said Board of Women 
Managers, and all expenses shall, as far as practicable, be estimated and 
the consent of the Board of General Managers obtained thereto before 
they shall be actually incurred. 

The president of the women's board, the chairman of its executive 
committee and the secretary of the women's board are hereby constituted 
an auditing committee, who shall audit and approve all bills for expendi- 
tures. When so approved the regular auditing committee of this board 
may approve of the same, and thereupon the said bills shall be presented 
for payment as provided by law. 

The Board of General Managers reserves to itself the right and privi- 
lege of presenting such further rules and regulations for the guidance of 
the Board of Women Managers as shall, from time to time, seem expedient. 

The Board of Women Managers may bo called together from time to 
time as shall seem expedient to the Board of General Managers. 

mile XII. 
The auditing committee shall examine and audit all bills and accounts. 

Bule XIII. 
A member of the board may hold the proxy of any other member and 
cast a vote by virtue of said proxy on any question which may come up 
at any regular or special meeting and under any circumstances where any 
member might have a right to vote, provided that three or more members 
of said board shall be present at said meeting. 

Rule XIV. 
No rule shall be amended, altered or modified, except by four affirma- 
tive votes. 

The auditing committee of the board appointed in pursuance of 
these regulations were Hon. John Boyd Tliacher, of Albany, and Ilou. 
Walter L. Sessions, of Jamestown. These gentlemen served con- 
tinuously as this committee, with the exception of Mr. Sessions, who 
was replaced during the exposition period by Hon. Gorton W. Allen, 
of Auburn. 




Seal of the Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of 
THE State of New York. 




Seal of the Board ok \No,vien Managers of the 

Exhibit of the State of New York 

[For Legesd, see Page ICO J 



Report of Boaed of General Managers. 37 

Work of the Boaed in 1S92. 

Pursuant to a. call issued by the chief executive officer and the seers- 
taiy, the members of the Board of General Managers and of the Judicial 
District Commissions, met in conference in the Assembly parlor in the 
Capitol at Albany, on Thursday, April 2S, 1S92. By invitation, the 
Hon. George R. Davis, director-general, and Mr. F. J. Y. Skiff, chief 
of t^ie department of mines and mining of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, were also present. After a free interchange of views in 
regard to the place ■which Xew York ought to occupy at the World's 
Fair, it was resolved tliat the Judicial District Commissioners, in com- 
pany with a delegation from the Board of General Managers, should 
visit Chicago for the purpose of studying on the ground and in con- 
ference with the exposition authorities, the conditions luider which the 
State would be re(|uired t<i make its exhibit. The visit was made on 
May 11, 1893, and the party spent a few days in the examination of 
the exposition buildings and in learning from the heads of the various 
departments facts necessary for the information of exhibitors and for 
their own guidance in the performance of their duties. A stenographic 
report was made of interviews held in the exposition offices with several of 
the department chiefs, which, published in pamphlet form, was found to 
be a most valuable repository of information in regard to the organiza- 
tion and methods of the World's Fair. 

On the return of the visiting delegation from Chicago, a joint meet- 
ing of the Board of General Managers and of representatives from the 
Judicial District Commissions was held in Albany on May IT, 1892, and 
the following address was prepared and issued : 

To the People of the State of jVeic York : 

The World's Columbian Exposition has reached a stage of develop- 
ment at which it is manifestly necessary to set forth the relations towards 
it of the people and the State of New York. The reputation of the 
whole country is deeply involved in the character of the exhibits which 
the States will make in the various departments of the exposition. A 
careful personal investigation of what has been already achieved or securely 
pledged towards the reaUzatiou of the greatest of all the displays yet 
attempted of the fruits and achievements of modern civilization has con- 
vinced us that the United States liave nothing to fear in the comparison 
of their products with those of the other nations of the earth. The fore- 



28 JSTew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

most State of the Union may filly share in the satisfaction which such a 
conviction is calculated to produce. 

The representatives of the State are f alfilling a plain dutj' in urging 
New York to take such a place and make such a showing at the exposition 
as her rank in the Union demands. It ought not to be necessary for 
them to point out that the simplest dictates of self-interest require ISTew 
York to stand well in comparison with her sister States, no less in the 
estimation of foreign observers than in that of our own people. Her 
supremacy in most of the great departments of American commerce is 
not so impregnable as to aUo\v her to dispense with the visible manifesta- 
tion of it which will be expected of her in the coming congress of nations. 
The amplitude, ricliness and variety of the natural resources of the State 
are generally known and acknowledged, but she is not relieved of the 
necessity for their presentation at the World's Fair. And, apart altogether 
from any question of immediate or ulterior profit, the prompting of State 
pride ought to be sufficient to impel New York to make a display com- 
mensurate with her imperial position. To secure such a result within the 
necessarily short time which must elapse before the final allotments of 
space are made will require prompt, vigorous and united action on the 
part of a 1 the interests concerned in making the desired exhibit. 

The responsibility of various societies, associations and institutions, 
sustained in whole or in part by the bounty of the State, for demonstrat- 
ing to the world the value of the results which public idd has enabled 
them to achieve, is no less obvious than is that of the private exhibitor or 
of the State managers and commissioners for guiding them and others in 
the discharge of a public duty. In the departments of agriculture, for- 
estry, mining and education there is but little commercial impulse to stim- 
ulate private individuals in making exhibits worthy of New York. 
Higher considerations must influence the exhibition of the resources and 
applied educational methods of the State. And even where the element 
of commercial advantage does enter into the making of an exhibit it is 
well that the sentiment of State pride should be awakened. 

In each of the districts which your commissioners represent there are 
special interests of an industrial or agricultural nature which arc charac- 
teristic of the district. In trying to secure a proper display of these at 
the World's Fair the district commissioners may fairly expect the active 
and ready co-operation of their neighbors. 

There will be a disposition to reflect on the managers and commis- 
sioners of the State exhibit should New York make a poor showing at the 
World's Fair. But they are obviously powerless to do for the State what 
its people will not do for themselves. They appeal, therefore, to the 



Report of Board of G-eneral Managers. ' 29 

people to lay aside any feeling of indifference which they may entertain 
toward the World's Columbian Exposition and to recognize the fact 
that New York cannot afford to be anywhere but among the foremost 
participants in the great national success which the exposition is destined 
to be. 

Intending exhibitors from New York will stand on equal terms with 
earlier applicants from other States if they are prompt in responding to 
the appeal which will be made to them by the commissioners of their dis- 
tricts. It will greatljr facilitate the work to be done if all applications for 
space are addressed to the president of the board of commissioners (if the 
district in which the intending exhibitor's place of business is situated. 
No positive assurance can be given to any applicant that he will have the 
space he asks for; but it will be one of the duties of the representative of 
the State to insist on New York having, in all the great industrial de|>arl- 
ments of the exposition, the relative allotment of space to which the mag- 
nitude and variety of her products entitle her. They have a record of all 
the applications already made, and are in daily communication with the 
exposition authorities in regard to new applications. Prompt attention 
will be given to all inquiries addressed to any of the district managers, tiie 
location of whose headquarters will shortlj^ be made public. The mana- 
gers and commissioners of the State exhibit begin their work profoundly 
impressed with the greatness and brilliancy of the achievement which the 
cdvilized world will be invited to contemplate at Chicago next May. It 
will be their earnest endeavor to see that New York secures her full share 
of its lustre. 

Signed by the Board of General Managers and the Judicial District 
Commissio ners. 

At the date of tlie issue of the foregoing address the number of 
applications for space at the exposition received fnjin the State of New 
York did not greatly exceed 400. After the time fixed for hling 
applications had expired the number of ISTew York applications was 
found to be 2,-iS6. These were for purely eomraercial or individual 
exhibits, and did not include the contributors, numbered by thousands, 
to the various exhibits installed under the direction of the State, wliose 
cost was defra\'ed from the appropriations disbursed under the author- 
ity of the board. The personal applications which passed through the 
hands of tlie board, and wliich were for the most part collected hy tlie 
district eijmmissions. were distributed as follows among the thirteen 
great departments of the exposition : 



30 !N"ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

A. Agriculture : food and its accessories, agricultural niacliin- 

ery and appliances 190 

B. Horticulture 119 

C Live stock : domestic and wild animals 22 

D. Fish, fisheries, fish products and apparatus of fishing 26 

E. Mines, mining and metallurgj^ 94 

F. Machinery 280 

G. Transportation : railways, vessels, vehicles 194 

H. Manufactures 924 

J. Electricity and electrical appliances 105 

K. Fine arts : painting, sculpture, architecture, decoration ... 43 
L. Liberal arts : education, engineering, public works, con- 
structive architecture, music and the drama 460 

M. Ethnology, archaeology ; progress of labor and invention ; 

isolated and collective exhibits 18 

'N. Forestry and forest products 11 

Total 2, 486 



It became obvious very early in the experience of the board that on 
it would devolve the duty of providing for the proper representation 
of the State in all departments where the commercial prompting was 
not sufficiently strong to draw out exhibits to be installed and main- 
tained at individual expense. It was found that no State department 
or State supported association had funds available for presentation at 
the World's Fair of the fruits of its activity. It is hardly necessary to 
explain in detail why the board made the selection and classification 
which it did of the exhibits best fitted to illustrate the resources, the 
history and the present positiou of the State in education, art and civil 
government. What was being done by other States had, of course, a 
certain influence on the decisions of the board ; what the State owed to 
itself tv'as, however, the controlling impu.lse. In this connection it may 
not be amiss to recall the fact that the feeling was still strong in 
Chicago and throughout the West that New York was unfriendly to 
the Columbian Exposition. That l^ew York had not succeeded in its 
effort to be selected as the site of the World's Fair of 1893 was deemed 
to be sufficient reason for an absence of good-will on the part of its citi- 
zens toward the enterprise undertaken by the city to which Congress 
had awarded the coveted honor. 




DUNALD MoXAUGHTON, Chief Exf.cutive Officer 



EzpoET OF Board of Gexeeal Maxagees. 31 

One of the lirst duties of the Board of Managers was, clearly, to 
endeavor to remove such au impression. Xew York could not afford 
to be held to occupy such a position toward an exposition with wlioS3 
success or failure the reputation of the whole American people was 
iudissolubly bound wp- Xor was it on grounds of mere self-interest 
held to be expedient that Xew York should be placed in an unfavor- 
able light before tlie community with which its commercial i-elations 
are of the closest. What any other State proposed to do it was 
deemed fitting, no less with due regard to the dignity than to the 
manifest obligations of the State, that Xew York should in its own 
sphere excel. 

The fact should be recorded that it was not left entirely to the 
official representatives of the State to wipe out the repi-oach which had 
been directed against Xew York for apparent lack of appreciation of 
the greatness of the exposition enterprise. Xew York architects had 
been early called into the councils of the constructors of the fair build- 
ings, and, as stated in the introduction, four of the chief of these were 
the work of Xew Yorkers. Xew York sculptors and painters also 
contributed their full share toward making the exposition grounds, and 
the facades of the chief exposition buildings, forever memorable in the 
history of the development of American art. 

Xor was the participation of the commercial and manufacturing 
establishments of the State less amply significant of the strong interest 
taken in the fair by the people of Xew York. Owing to the impos- 
sibility of securing an adequate allotment of space, or from other causes 
of difference with the exposition authorities, the exhibits of certain 
representative Xew York firms were noticeably absent. But in all the 
great ao-trregate of the results of American industrv, ingenuitv and 
taste which was so strikingly displayed at the Columbian Exposition, 
there were but few out of the whole one hundred and seventy-six 
groups in which some product of Xew York was not the dominant 
feature. In the department of manufactures, foreign nations had, for 
the most part, provided imposing and ornate j^avilions for the collective 
installation of their exhiliits. Around the center circle of the vast 
building were grouped the exhibits of (Termauy, France, Great Britain 
and the United States. The last named occupied tlie whole northeastern 
section of the building, and covered an area of some 300,000 square feet. 
E'o attempt was made to treat this as a whole after the French and 
German manner, the rule lieing that each exhibitor should Ije left to pro- 



32 New Yoek at the AVoeld's Columbian Exposition. 

vide liis own booth, according to a design approved by tlie bureau of 
construction. But it became apparent thai facing the magnificent 
pavilions of France and Germany the scattered booths of American 
exhibitors would suffer by contrast. For the construction of a dignified 
entrance pavilion to the American section the exposition company had 
no funds, and the government of the United States had made no pro- 
vision. It was reserved for the enterprise of three firms — two of them 
distinctively of New York city and one having its chief place of business 
there — to do what was needed to sustain the dignity and reputation of 
the country. The pavilion, jointly erected by Tiffany & Co., the 
Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company and the Gorham Manufactur- 
ing Company, was a very striking product of the architectural skill of 
John Du Fais, of New York city, and most effectually redeemed from 
any suggestion of commonplace the central facade of the American 
section of manufactures. 

The New York Central railroad j^erformed a similar service for the 
south front of the transportation annex, and both it and the Wagner 
Palace Car Company made a showing as lavish in its disregard of cost 
as it was impressive in its relation to the perfection of existing appli- 
ances for rapid and luxurious travel by rail. In that most remarkable 
characteristic of the exposition — the manifold ajjplication and trans- 
mission of electric force — - the work of the General Electric Company 
of New York was predominant. To the department of horticulture 
New York men were by far the largest contributors, and the works of 
New York artists occupied about three-fourths of the whole space of 
the American section in this department. The applications of these lat- 
ter were passed on by a special committee in New York city, and those 
already recorded as passing through the hands of the board were but 
a small part of those actually made. In like manner the apj^lications 
for the successive live stock shows were necessarily of later date than 
the purely commercial entries, and went, for the most part, directly to 
the authorities immediately in charge. The representation of New 
York in this department was, therefore, much more ample than the 
figures above given would indicate. 

The Board of Women Managers. 

Section i of the general act emjjowered the Board of General Mana- 
gers " to appoint a board of women managers, of such number and to 
perform such duties as may be prescribed by the board of general 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 33 

managers." In pursuance of this clause, and under rule XI of the 
rules and regulations, the board appointed, June 8, 1892, the following 
representative women of the State as members of the Board of "Women 
Managei's : 

First Judicial District. 

Mrs. Arthur M. Dodge JN'ew York city. 

Mrs. Fred E. Halsey ]^ew York city. 

Miss Aunie Hemstrought New York city. 

Miss J. Imogen Howard ISTew York city. 

Miss Anna Boosevelt !N'ew York city. 

Mrs. Oscar S. Straus I^ew York city. 

Mrs. George "Waddington New York city. 

Mi-s. H. Walter Webb New York city. 

Second Judicicd District. 

Mrs. Frederick P. Bellamy Brooklyn. 

Miss Elizabeth T. Minturn* Hastings-on-the-Hudson. 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan Brooklyn. 

Third Judicial District. 

Mrs. Erastus Corning Albany. 

Mrs. Dean Sage Menands. 

Fourth Judicial District. 
Mrs. "William J. Averell Ogdensburgh. 

Fifth Judicial Distinct. 
Mrs. Howard G. "White Syracuse. 

Sixth Judicial District. 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke Springfield Centre. 

Mrs. Andrew D. White Ithaca. 

Seventh Judicial District. 

Miss Caroline E. Dennis Auburn. 

Mrs. Charles F. Wadsworth Geneseo. 

Eighth Judicial District. 

Miss Maria M. Love Buffalo. 

Miss Frances Todd Patterson "Westfield. 



•Afterwards replaced by Mrs. Frederick Ehinelander Jones, New Tork city. 
5 



34r New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

On June seventh the Board of General Managers, on the nomination of 
Chief Executive Officer McN"aughton, apjDroved the following ajapoint- 
ments for the women's board : Mrs. Candace Wheeler, in charge of the 
bureau of ap|)lied arts, and Mrs. Florence C. Ives, chief officer. 

It is worthy of note that New York corrected in the title, " Board of 
Women Managers," the j^ossible solecism adopted l}y Congress in the 
creation of the term " Lady Managers." 

The work of the Board of Women Managers will be found fully 
detailed in the special report incorporated herewith. It was of the 
highest efficiency, and reflected great credit on the executive commit- 
tee. The best of women's work in all departments was brought out by 
systematic efforts and a true estimate made jDossible of its industrial 
value. 

The many social functions held under their management, a full list 
of which may be found under the description of the ISTew York State 
Building, were memorable successes, and the afternoon teas served in 
the women's reception room of the State Buildmg an enjoyable innova- 
tion to the routine of sight-seeing. 

Establishing of Sub-Depaetments. 

The short time intervening before the opening of the ex")30sition 
rendered it imperative for the Board of General Managers to j)rocnre 
the aid of experts in many departments, who could give their time to 
the preparation of a fitting exhibit. The board reserved to itself the 
approval of plans and the supervision of expenditures in these 
departments. 

The dairy interests were the first to be provided for, a clause in the 
general act authorizing such an exhibit, and the attendance of a com- 
mittee from the State Dairymen's Association at one of the early meet- 
ings of tlie board, closing the arrangements. Mr. Josiah Shnll, of 
Ilion, was placed in charge of the preparations about the first of May. 

On July nineteenth a committee from the officers of the New York 
State Agricultural Society conferred with the Board of Managers with 
reference to an agricultural exhibit, and as a result of the deliberations 
a bureau of agriculture was formed of which Mr. James Wood, of 
Mount Kisco, was made director in chief. 

During July and August the following interests were placed in 
special hands : Eloriculture, arboriculture, etc., in charge of Mr. James 
Dean, of Bay Kidge ; pomology, in charge of Mr. George T. Powell, 




JOHN FOURD, Secretary Board of Managers 



Report of Boaed of Gexeeal ilAXAOEES. 35 

of Ghent ; viticulture, in charge of ilr. George C. Snow, of Penn 
Tan ; the Indian exhibit, in charge of the Eev. John TT. Sanborn, of 
Naples ; forestry, in charge of ]\Ir. Romeyn B. Hough, of Low^ille ; 
apiarian exhibit, in charge of Mr. Orel L. Hershisei-. of Buffalo ; mines 
and mining exhibit, in charge of Prof. F. J. H. Merrill, of Albany. 
The educational exhibit was one of the last to be provided for, but on 
September twenty-third an advisory committee of the leading educators 
of t\ie State was appointed, and Secretary Melvil Dewey, of the 
University of the State of Xew York, was made director of the 
educational exhibit. 

The Board of Genei-al Managers took upon itself the diity of bring- 
ing to the notice of every possible commercial exhibitor, through the 
agency of the district commissioners and otherwise, the importance of 
having the industries of the State adequately represented, and of pro- 
viding all needful information ; of securing by the aid of the Board of 
Women Managers a fitting representation of the results of women's 
work; of providing for the erection, equipment and maintenance, on 
the World's Fair grounds, of a State building iitly representing the 
supremacy in dignity, wealth and commercial importance of the State 
of Xew Y ork ; of providing for transportation, insurance and care of 
all exhibits ; of providing, as directed by law, for the celebration 
within the State of the 400th anniversary of the Columljian discovery ; 
and of complying with the terms of the law by preparing for the 
proper representation of the State at the naval review iu Xew York 
harbor, in April, 1893. 

Tlie board also immediately supervised the collection of an archaeo- 
logical exhibit, illustrative of the pre-historic development of the 
State ; a colonial exhibit ; an exhibit in the transportation department, 
with the aid of the State Engineer and Superintendent of Public 
Works :" an exhibit of the charitable, penal and eori-ectional institii- 
tions of the State, with the co-operation of the State Board of Chari- 
ties ; and a display of modern contributions to painting and sculpture 
in the State, with the aid of the Associated Ai-tists of Xew Yoi-k. 

When the board was organized no such diversity and range of duties 
were anticipated for it, but as the subject was developed the unlimited 
possibility of sliowing the material wealth of the State and of drawing 
attention to resources whose development and amplitude were but 
partially understood even by its own people, i-endered their task ardu- 
ous in the extreme : nothinff but the untiring- enerffv, continuous 



36 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

devotion to work and expedient brain of the chief executive officer 
rendered a satisfactory sohition possible. At the close of the summer 
of 1S92 snch gratifying results had been reached as to put beyond 
doubt any question of success. The six months between the creation 
of the commission and the opening of a\itunin had been crowded with 
work, and the breatliing spell in the laljors of the commissioners 
afforded by the Columbian celebrations in New York and Chicago was 
richly enjoyed, for it not only saw satisfactory progress being made in 
every exhibit department and the New York State Building sufficiently 
completed for dedication, but also saw the reproach disappear that 
New Yorkers were unfriendlv to the fair. 



Keport of Board of General Managers. 37 

The Columbian Celebration in Nisw York October 10-12, 1892. 

Under the provisions of the law creating this hoard and of those of 
chapter 331, relating to the celebration in the city of New York and 
making the rtOOth anniversary of the discovery of America, a State 
holiday, the date of that ol:)servaiice was fixed on the 12th of October, 
1892. The act of Congress creating the World's Colnmbian Commis- 
sion prescribed the same date for the national celebration at Chicago 
and for tlie formal dedication of the exposition Ijuildings. It was 
deemed by this board to be desirable to prevent, if possible, any 
appearance of rivalry between the elaborate celebration projected in 
New York and that which had to take place in Chicago. It was 
thonght that both would be deprived of some of their lustre by being 
male simultaneous. Special weiglit was given to the consideration 
that a fitting i-epresentation of the State at both would be impossible 
if they occurred on the same day. New York could as little afford to 
deprive its own celebration of due official recognition as it could to be 
conspicuous by its absence from the assemblage of State ofiicers and 
public bodies at the place selected for tlie ceremonial having a national 
significance. 

After long consideration on the subject, Hon. John Boyd Thacher, a 
member of this board, publicly proj^osed that the date of the dedica- 
tion ceremonies in Chicago should be changed from October 12 to 
October 21, 1892, and gave forth the f(jllowing reasons for the change : 

The celebration of the landing of Columbus, which we shall observe 
this year, will fix that event in the American mind, especially in the mind 
of Young America, indelibly. When we say that Columbus landed on 
October twelve, we refer to the old or Julian calendar and not to the 
Gregorian calendar, adopted in 1582 and used throughout the Christian 
world except in Russia. If we are to be exact in commemorating the 
400th anniversary of the Columbian discovery, our celebration must fall on 
the twenty-first of October, which corresponds, according to the Gregorian 
calendar, with the twelfth day of October of the Julian calendar. It 
requires tlie dropping of just nine days to make an event which is marked 
in the Julian calendar as happening in the fifteenth century, agree with the 
true astronomical, tropical date. After 1582 ten days were dropped to 
correct the false date or old style. Eugland did not adopt the Gregorian 
calendar-till 1753, when it became necessary to drop eleven days. Besides 
the propriety of correcting the date, we have the best of precedents in 



38 New Tokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

American history. Forefathers' day is celebrated in New England on 
November nineteen, although the Pilgrims reached Plymouth November 
9, 1620 ; Boston celebrates the anniversary of the fo.indatlon of the city on 
September seventeen, although the event occurred, according to the old 
calendar, on September seven. The people of Providence make a similar 
correction for Founders' day. Washington was born on February 1 1, 
1732, yet we celebrate his birthday on the twenty-second of February, the 
discrepancj' between the civil and astronomical time being then eleven days. 
We want to imagine that it was exactly 400 years ago to a day 
that Columbus and his followers first saw the land of the New World. 
The only way to make sure of this is to find just when the longitude of 
the sun at this time will correspond with the longtitudc of the sun October 
12, 1492. Astronomers tell us that this day in the year 1892 will be 
October twentj^-one. Wo shall be wrong if by the object lesson of the 
ceremonies at Chicago we do not fix October twenty-one as the jjrecise 
anniversary day of Columbus' landing. 

The efforts of this board were accordingly directed to obtaining from 
the Congress and the President of the United States a change of the 
date iixed ior the national anniversary. Mi-. Thaclier further elicited 
a consensus of opinion from historians, astronomers and public men as 
to the expediency of correcting, for all time, the date of Discovery day, 
and as to the correctness of the date of October twenty-one. The 
result was an almost unanimous body of testimony in favor of the 
change. The board requested the i-epresentatives of the State in Con- 
gress to favor the desired auKMulment to the law, and its members 
labored with the exposition directory and with legislators and public 
officers at Washington to bring about this result. 

These and other efforts had their due eft'ect, and by presidential 
proclamation, as well as bv amendment of the law, the national amii- 
versary of the discovery of America was made to conform to the 
accepted chronological style. This was a happy solution of the 
diffi-eulty, and the subsequent events proved the wisdom of the New 
York Board of Managers. Both celebrations were magnificent in 
their details, and each would have undoubtedly obscured the other in 
some degree if compelled to happen on the same day. 

Meanwhile the Committee of One ITimdred in charge of the New 
York celebration were preparing a magnificent j^rogramme. The law 
under which the committee was authorized to act is here given in 
full as a matter of historical reference : 







FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 39 

CHAPTER 331. 
An Act to provide for the celebration iu ttie city of New York of the 
400th anniversary of the discovery of America. 
Approved bj' the Governor April 18, 1892. Passed, three-fifths being jjresent. 

The Veople of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section 1. Within ten days after this act becomes a law the mayor of 
the city of New York shall select and appoint a committee of one hundred 
citizens of that city, which committee shall be a committee to conduct, 
manage and direct the celebration In the city of New York of the 400th 
anniversary of the discovery of America. 

§ 2. The mayor of the city of New York, the president of the common 
council of the city of New York, and three members of said common 
council, to be selected by the common council of the city of New York, 
shall be ex-offlcio members of said committee. 

§ 3. The members of said committee are hereby created a committee 
with i^ower and authority in the name of and in behalf of the mayor, 
aldermen and commonalty of said city, to make proper provisions for the 
celebration in said city of the discovery of America. 

§ 4. The members of said committee shall meet in the city of New 
York, at a time and place specified by public notice by the mayor of said 
city within ten days after their appointment by the mayor. The mem- 
bers of said committee shall organize for the election of such officers and 
committees and the adoption of such rules and regulations as they shall 
deem expedient. 

§ 5. Such committee shall have power to provide for an executive com- 
mittee, which, subject to the rules and regulations of said committee 
hereby created, shall have power to act in its stead, when it is not in 
session. A majority of said board shall constitute a quorum for the trans- 
action of-business, but no contract involving the expenditure of money 
shall be made ; no executive officer, officers or executive committee shall 
be appointed and no rules governing the executive officer or officers and 
the executive committee shall be adopted except by the affirmative vote 
of two-thirds of all the members of said committee. Nothing herein 
contained, however, shall be deemed to prohibit the said committee by 
the two-thirds vote of all the members thereof from delegating to the 
executive committee the power to mike contracts involving the expendi- 
ture of money and to make rules and regulations for its own government 
and the government of the executive committee, officer or officers not in 
conflict with those of the board. 



40 New Yoke at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

§ 6. The members of the committee as appointed by the mayor shall 
serve until the 1st day of March, 1893, or until their successors are 
appointed, and such successors shall be appointed by the mayor of the city 
of New York within five daj's after the creation of a vacancj^ in said 
committee. 

§ 7. It shall be lawful for said committee on the celebration of the dis- 
covery of America, with the written permission of the mayor of said city 
and upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to use between 
the Sth day of October and the l^th day of October, 1892, such streets, 
avenues, squares and parks, iu the city of New York, as may be specified 
in such permit for the erection and maintenance therein of such structures 
as may be approved of by the said mayor, the superintendent of build- 
ings and the fire department of said city, to be used and employed solely 
for the purposes of such celebration and for such parades as said com- 
mittee may provide for, and the said committee, upon receiving such per- 
mit, shall be entitled to erect and maintain such structures on such por- 
tions of said streets, avenues, squares and parks for and during the period 
of time above specified, and shall be entitled to the exclusive possession 
and use of the same for the purposes aforesaid. Such permit shall be 
subject at any time to revocation by the said mayor. 

§ 8. The use of said streets, avenues, sqiiares and parks for the above- 
mentioned purpose is hereby declared to be a public use and consistent 
with the public purposes for which said streets, avenues, squares and 
parks are held by the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of the city of 
New York. 

§ 9. The board of estimate and apportionment of the city of New 
York is hereby authorized and empowered to appropriate a sum not 
exceeding $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be expended 
by and under the direction of said committee for the celebration of the 
discovery of America, which sum is to be employed iu decorating the City 
Hall and other buildings of the city, for a display of fireworks iu the sev- 
eral parks and places of the city and for other expenses of the said com- 
mittee in connection with said celebration, and upon such appropriation 
being made the comptroller of the city of New York is hereby directed 
to issue and sell revenue bonds of said city for the purpose of providing 
funds on account of such appropriation. 

§ 10. The committee aforesaid shall immediately appoint after its 
organization an auditing com'.uittee of three members, whose duty it shall 
be to audit all bills payable on behalf of the city on account of said com- 
mittee, and the comptroller is hereby directed to pay out no moneys on 
account of such celebration unless vouchers therefor are properlj' passed 



Kepoet of Boaed of General Managees. -tl 

and audited by the entire auditing committee of the said committee of 
one hundred. 

§ 11. The said committee of one hundred shall select a treasurer, who 
shall account to the comptroller of the city of New York for all moneys 
passing through his hands, and shall jjay to the comptroller of said city 
all monej^s received by him on behalf of said committee from rentals of 
stands and other income, and such moneys thus collected and paid over to 
the comptroller aforesaid shall be applied by him to the payment and 
liquidation of the bonds heretofore directed to be issued and be an offset 
to the account of said bonds. 

§ 12. Tills act shall take effect immediately. 

CHAPTEE 332. 

An Act to designate October 12, 1892, the 400th anniversary of the dis- 
covery of America, a holiday to be observed in the acceptance and pay- 
ment of bills of exchange, bank checks and promissory notes, and in the 
closing of public offices. 

Approved by the Governor, April 18, 1892 Passed, three-fifths being present. 
Tha People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 

Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section 1. The 12th day of October, 1882, being the 400th anniversary 
of the discovery of America, shall for all purposes whatsoever in respect 
to the presenting for payment or acceptance and of the protesting and 
giving notice of the dishonor of bills of exchange, bank checks and prom- 
issory notes, be treated and considered as the first day of the week com- 
monly called Sunday and a public holiday, and all such bills, checks and 
notes otherwise presentable for acceptance and payment on said day, shall 
be deemed to be presentable for acceptance and payment as is provided by 
law for the payment of bills, chejks, notes and otherwise due on the first 
day of the week called Suaday or a public holiday, and said 12th day of 
October, 1892, shall be considered as the first day of the week commonly 
called Sunday and as a public holiday for all purposes whatsoever in 
respect to the transaction of business in the public offices of the counties 
of this State. 

§ 2. This act shall take effect immediately. 

The committee named by the mayor was thorouglily representative, 
and elected the following executive board : 
Ghairmam,, Hugh J. Grant, mayor. 
Secretary, Charles G. F. "Wahle, Jr. 
6 



42 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Treasurer^ J. Edward Simmons. 

Vice-Presidents^ Horace Porter, Cornelius Vauderbilt, Samuel D. 
Babeock, Charles Barsotti, Martin T. McMalion, Abraham Mead. 

Auditing Committee, George J. Gould, Jolm H. Starin, David 
Banks. 

The Board of General Managers, as directed l)y section 6 of chapter 
23G, Laws of 1892, gave to the committee $10,000 for the benefit, of 
the celebration, and in addition provided for the official representation 
of its own members, those of the Judicial District Commissions and of 
the Board of Women Managers. 

The celebration week was ushered in by the balmiest of autumn 
skies, and throughout the long and varied programme not an accident 
occurred, not a hitch arose to mar the splendid beauty of the land and 
water pageants. 

Official Progeamme op the Columbian Celebration. 

Monday, October 10, 1892 : 

9 A. M. Opening of the art exhibition at the National Academy of 

Design. 
10:30 A. M. School and college parade. 
8 p. M. At Carnegie Music Hall, a musical allegory, " The Triumph of 

Columbus." 
8: 30 P. M. Fireworks from Brooklyn bridge. 
Tuesday, October 11 : 

12: 30 p. M. Naval parade. 

8 p. M. Parade of united Catholic societies. 

8 p. M. Catholic celebration at Carnegie Music Hall. 

8 p. M. Cantata, " Columbus," by tlie German singing societies at 

Seventh Regiment Armory. 
8: 30 P.M. Fireworks from Brooklyn bridge. 
Wednesday, October 12 : 

10 A. M. Military and civic parade. 

4 pi M. Unveiling of Columbus monument at Eighth avenua and Fifty- 
ninth street. 
8 p. M. Night pageant with allegorical floats and fireworks illumination^ 
Thursday, October 13 : 

8 p. M. Public banquet at Lenox Lyceum. 

A volume in itself might be taken for a detailed description of the 
festival week, but only the barest outline of the chief events can be 
given here. The particular feature of Monday's programme was the 



.1*^. 




: «<i.Mi.n>°w-' 







//"i-i^e/^i^yj 



s^^'n-Seibept^t^^-v^'-V. 



<• 






X. 



SECOND lUDIClAL DISTRICT COMMISSION 



Report of Board of General Managers. 43 

school children's parade. From the public schools, private schools, 
colleges aiid universities of the city and vicinity trooped the future 
rulers of the metropolis, marshalled by their teachers and superintend- 
ents and led by the mayor himself. Full 30,000 in number, of every 
nationality and creed, of every condition in life, the youthful host 
marched past the reviewing stand in Madison square, living evidences 
of the force and beneticeuce of the civil and religious liberty of the 
land ctiscovered by the hero whose fame they celebrated. Other more 
showy parades there were, but none which struck deeper into the sen- 
sibilities of the spectators than this array of growing minds. 

Tuesday's great event, which drew unnumbered thousands to the 
shores of the bay and river, was the naval parade. The vessels swung 
into line below the I^arrows, and as they came up between the Staten 
and Long Island shores salute after salute was lired wliich were 
returned by the forts on either side. Spreading out into the broad 
bay, the war vessels of four nations led the flotilla ; of Italy, the birth- 
place and home of the humble Genoese sailor ; of Spain, the land of 
his adoption and the patron of his enterprise ; of America, his dis- 
covered land and the mightiest champion of the freedom and progress 
he died for ; and of France, America's ancient ally in the sti-uggle for 
constitutional liberty. In their convoy came the merchant vessels of all 
nations gaily dressed in the colors of their native land, mingled with 
those of America. Yachts and pleasure boats trinnned from hull to 
masthead darted in and about the moving mass adding life and color to 
the scene. As tlie fleet rounded Bedloe's Island under the shadow of 
the statue of Liberty and stood up the broad Hudson glitterhig in the 
rays of the soft October sun, it fornaed a sight bewildering in its quiet 
beauty and never to be forgotten b}' those so fortunate as to view it. 

The war vessels dropped anchor off Riverside Park, and the other 
vessels rounding to and passing in review slowly dispersed. The parade 
reflected the highest credit on the executive ability of its grand 
admiral, Commodore ' S. Nicholson Kane of the New York Yacht 
Club, and his able staff. 

The military parade of the following day, if less effective in beauty, 
was equally successful and impressive. A conservative estimate placed 
the number in line at 70,000. General Martin T. McMahon was the 
grand marslial and Troop A acted as his escort. In tlie right of line 
came tlie L^nited States regulars, including the West Point cadets, fol- 
lowed by the marines from the war shij)s in the harbor. Then came in 



44 I^Ew York at the "Woeld's Coltimbian Exposition. 

order the National Guard of Isew York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey 
and Connecticut ; the Gate City Guard of Atlanta, the Grand Army of 
the Kepublic, the iiremen, and hundreds of civic and military societies. 
The procession was reviewed at Madison square by Yice-President 
Morton and Governor Flower, and the time occu[)ied in passing the 
reviewing stand was five hours and thirty minutes. President Harri- 
son was unfortunately detained in "Washington by the fatal sickness of 
his wife. 

The night pageant liad the added efEect of mystery and weird fan- 
tasy, and formed an enjoyable contrast to the pleasures of the day. 
Scores of allegorical floats, radiant in color, artistic and essentially 
original in design, passed along the line of march escorted by the jovial 
cohorts of Momus. Together, they formed a spectacle rarely seen in a 
northern city, rivaling in effect the famous Mardi Gras. The fireworks 
from Brooklyn bridge were a fitting close to each day's programme, and 
were viewed from that ideal stage by thousands assembled along the 
wharves and on the shipping in the harljor. 

The festivities of the week were ended Thursday evening, October 
thirteentli, by a banquet given at Lenox Lyceum. Over 400 persons 
were jDreseut, prominent among whom were Yice-President Morton, 
e.\-Presidents Hayes and Cleveland, Governor Flower, a majority of 
the Cabinet officers, several visiting Governors, municipal, legislative 
and church dignitaries from New York, Brooklyn and Chicago. The 
week was a memorable one, foi- it introduced the first Columbian cele- 
bration on a scale so grand as to fittingly celel:irate the achievements of 
the great discoverer, and to worthilv usher in the fetes attendant on 
the exposition. 



'5 



The Dedicatoey Celebeatiox is Chicago, Octobee 19-21. 1892. 

In the week following the New York celebration came the national 
exercises at Chicago, when the buildings and grounds were tendered to 
the National Commission by the exposition authorities and formally 
accepted and dedicated to their use. It devolved on the Board of Gen- 
eral Managers to provide transportation, accommodation and main- 
tenance for all the official representatives of the State during dedica- 
tion week in Chicago, and to arrange and conduct the dedicatory exer- 
cises of the New York State Building. The aim of the board in all 
these matters was directed to the maintenance of the dignity of the 
State and to the proper assertion of the place it occupies among its 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. i5 

sister Commonwealths. To do less would Lave been to receive and 
merit the censure of all citizens who take pride in the Empire State, 
and who desire to have her make to all tlie world a fitting demonstra- 
tion of her rank and power. 

As in Xew York, civic parades, fireworks, etc., were held j^revious 
to the anniversary. On October twenty-first, the corrected date of the 
discovery, a grand military parade proceeded to the Manufactures 
Building in Jackson Park, where the ceremonies were held. The scope 
of this report excludes an account of the national celebration, even 
though space permitted it. Grand and successful as it was in every 
detail, "Sew York's part is all that can properly claim our attention. 

In the civic parade of October twentieth, no more hearty greetings 
were bestowed on any State's representatives than on Governor Flower 
and the Xew York delegati(jii as they rode jjast the cheering thousands. 
In the military parade of the twenty-first, the Governor and his staff 
were escorted by Troop A, Xew York's famous cavalry company, and 
pi'esented a distinct and attractive feature in the line of march. And 
within the vast Manufactures Building, where a lauuan sea of 120,000 
people were assembled, Vice-President Levi P. Morton, of Xew York, 
presided over the literary exercises of the day, while another of Xew 
York's sons, Chauncey ^f. Depew, delivered the Columbian oration. 
At the banquets, receptions and public ceremonies Xew York ^vas 
Chicago's honored guest, and if there remained in one stubborn breast 
even a remnant of previous distrust, it melted undei' the glowing piide 
in a national success t(j wliicli each was a co-contributor. 

IJedication of Xew York's Buildikg. 

On Saturday, October twenty-second, many of the States dedicated 
their official residences at the fair, Xew Y(jrk among the number. 
Although the contract for erecting the building had not been signed 
till June third, such rapid work had been done in the four and one- 
half months that the house was sufficiently completed to accommodate 
the Xew York delegation and the large numlier uf invited guests 
assembled. Governor Flower, his staff, the Board of Managers, and 
the Exposition dignitaries were escorted in carriages from the city ti> the 
park bv Troop A, while the remaindei- of the delegation came down hy 
special train. The exercises were held in the banquet hall, which was 
handsomely trimmed and decorated for the occasion. The best talent 
in the State had been called into requisition for the ceremonies, and so 



46 New York at tiik ^Yukld's Columbian Exposition. 

gi'aoefnlly and appropriately were all things done and said, that this 
record would not he complete without their preservation. 

Pkogrammk of Ceremonies of Dedication of New Yoek State BtriLD- 

iNG, October 22, 1892. 
Music Orchestra. 

Music Quartet. 

Prayer Rev. Simon J. McPherson, D. D., Second Presby erian 

Church, Cliicago. 

Formal assignment of buih'ling to Exposition uses Hon. Chauncey M. 

Depew, jiresident of tlie Hoard of General Managers of the exhibit of 

the State of New York. 

Acceptance of building on behalf of Exposition authorities Hon. 

George R. Davis, director-general. 

Music Orchestra. 

Address. . . .Hon. Roswell P. Flower, Governor of the State of New York. 

Address His Grace, the Archbishop of the State of New York. 

Music Quartet. 

Dedication poem Wni. H. McElroy. 

Music Orchestra. 



Yocal music bj- the Imperial quartet. 
Instrumental music bj'' Sousa's New Marine Band. 

Prater by the Rev. Simon J. McPherson, D. D. 

Oh most merciful Father, our heavenly Father, thou who art the foun- 
tain of life, thou who art light and love and power, our fathers' God, 
the Father of the spirits of all flesh, we reverently' adore and worship 
thee. AYe praise thee for thy gifts in providence so large and kind. 
We bless thee still more earnestly for thy richer gifts iu grace, as revealed 
in thy Son, who is the hope and prophet of our possibilities. We praise 
thee, our Father, amidst these symbols of joy, on this day of high dedi- 
cation, especially for the secure past which thou hast given to us for our 
country. We desire humbly to record our thanksgiving to God, and we 
imj.)+ore theo that thy care may render the future as secure as the past. 
We uplift our faces and hearts to thee to-day, for thy favors to the 
great State whose representatives are here now, and whose people are 
turning their eyes and thoughts with good will hitherward. We humbly 
thank thee, our Father, for thy favors during many years past, to this 
one of the sisterhood of States. Make her leadere in the future, we 
beseech thee, benignant and beneficent. We devoutly bless thee for all 
the achievements of men within her borders, for all their victories of the 




LEVI P. MURTON, Vick-Pkesident op the United States 



Kepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 47 

past and for their mastery over nature ; and we thank thee most of all 
for her people, for those who in quiet ways and sheltered homes are recog- 
nizing thee. 

We beseech thee that in this sisterhood of States, symbolized by these 
adjacent buildings, there may be sympathy, aifection, and a common pur- 
pose, which God shall give as he lights the way. Bless us in our repre- 
sentative capacity, and may we in the days to come, immediately and in 
the future, be blessed as a nation, and may this State bo blessed as one of 
the many, the leader among her equals, for the sake of Jesus Christ. 
Amen. 

Address by the Hon. Chauncet M. Depew, as Pkbsident of thb 
State Board of World's Fair Commissioneks, at the Dedication 
of the New York State Building at Chicago, October 22, 1892. 

Florence of the middle ages, in the splendor of her art, the extent of 
her learning, the sjsread of her commerce, and the liberty of her citizens, 
was the electric light which illumed a century that had been shrouded in 
intellectual and spiritual darkness. The enterprise of her merchants, and 
the audacity of her sailors had penetrated so far beyond what was known 
of the surface of the earth as to indicate vague possibilities across the 
seas. Florence of the Medici created the conditions which made possible 
Columbus. It is eminently fitting that New York in selecting the model 
for her building at this great exhibition should have looked to Florence 
for her lesson, and that her structure should furnish the best ideals of the 
Renaissance. 

New York stands to the American continent in much the same position 
as did Florence to Europe in the fifteenth century, only her leadership is 
more difficult and more constantly contested. It was not very hard to be 
first when there was such general prevalence of ignorance, superstition and 
despotism. But in our republic culture and learning, commercial activities 
and all which constitute the pride of cities and the power of states, are so 
UTiiversally distributed among Commonwealths which form our nation, that 
to be the leader among such splendid examples of progress and develop- 
ment is, indeed, a rare distinction. Our metropolis is the center of the 
intellectual, the artistic, the financial and industrial activities of the new 
world. Our State justifies her imperial title by continuing to be greatest 
in population, in manufactures, in agriculture and in commerce. We have 
already shown our appreciation of the great discovery and the discoverer 
by the splendid pageant which filled our harbor and our streets during 
the past week. The parade of the school children illustrated the equal 
blessings of civil and religious liberty. It demonstrated the cordiality of 



48 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

our hospitality to the exile from foreign lands, and the absorbing and 
assimilating power of our institutions. The Jew and the Gentile, the 
Catholic and the Protestant of every shade of creed, the atheist and the 
infidel, the agnostic and the pagan, receiving a free education from the 
State, marching under the same flag, keeping step to the same music, 
the flag of the republic and the music of the Union, exhibited the bene- 
ficial influences of American liberty. They were prophetic of the per- 
petuity of institutions founded upon just and equal laws. They revealed 
that marvelous process by which the raw material of Europe, when placed 
in the crucible of American liberty, develops patriotism and intelligent 
citizenship. 

The greatest steamships of commerce and the armored battle ships of 
the new navy, as they proudly ploughed through our harbor and the Hud- 
son, and saluted with salvos of artillery the memory of the discoverer, 
demonstrated the advance in navigation, commsrce and invention since 
1492. Their greater significance was that the finding of the new world 
had emancipated the mind and conscience of man. But the national 
salute from the frigates of Italy and Spain to the American flag was a 
recognition of the historic fact that the people of the great republic had 
utilized for their own happiness, and the benefit of the world, the inesti- 
mable advantages of the new continent. The naval, the military, the civic 
and the allegorical j)roce3sions, told the story in object lessons of the 
evolution of modern civilization through the success of the little fleet 
of Christopher Columbus. The million or more of happy, contented and 
prosperous men, women anl children who viewed the parade of tho citizen 
soldiery, mingled with their pride in this suggestive exhibition of our 
resources for war, a deep and lasting gratitude for the peaceful event to 
which the day was dedicated. 

There will be a gathering during the next year in this beautiful park of 
the citizens of everv State of our Union, the representatives of the sister 
republics of North and South America and of the Dominion of Canada, 
and visitors from all the nations of the, globe. Some will find here hospi- 
tality in their national structures. Others, whose countries have no 
houses, will be homeless. The New Yorker, coming from any part of our 
State, or attracted from abroad to this spot, as he passes the portals of 
this building, will recognize the infinite hospitality which characterizes the 
Commonwealth of his birth or adoption, and will also feel in these appoint- 
ments, surroundings and the friends gathered here that, though far from 
his residence, he is at home. 

Through her Governor and State officers, through the commission 
appointed by our Legislature to see that our State was properly repre- 



Kepoet of Boakd of General Managees. 49 

sented at this great exjjosition, we open tliis building and place it under 
the administration of the officers of the World's Fair. We believe that 
New Yorkers will recognize in its architecture and appointments some- 
thing worthy of their State, and foreigners will have their attention called 
to the marvelous growth of our great Commonwealth. Should the Euro- 
pean ask for a condensation in statement or in jsicture of the benefits of 
the discovery of America, and the resultant and greater benefits of the 
declaration of American independence, we would take him through this 
building. We would say to him: " This structure represents but one of 
the forty-four States of the American Union." New York contributes 
every year more for the education of her people, more iu charity and 
benevolence for the relief of the helpless, the injured and the maimed, has 
greater facilities for the transportation of her citizens and her products, 
is further advanced in the arts, in the sciences aid in the inventions, pos- 
sesses greater wealth, more extensive and valuable commerce, could raise 
and put into the field a more efficient army, and upon the seas a more 
powerful navy, than all Europe could have done at the time Columbus 
sailed from Palos. 

When Abelard, that brilliant teacher and unfortunate genius of the 
dark ages, began to teach, thousands of students frotn every country 
gathered about him. They were eager to learn and to know the truths 
which had so long been denied them. Here, on the shores of this great 
lake, within this inclosure, and in these mammoth buildings will be an 
international university. Peoples of all the earth will flock to it, and its 
teachings will be felt for all the time to come in every corner of the globe. 
It will instruct the American first of all in the greatness, the glory, the 
productiveness and the possibilities of his own country; but it will teach 
him also the needed lesson that other nations possess their own peculiar 
excellencies and have also made great advances in the arts and liberty. 

As each race presents here its developed resources and shows in what 
respect it. may be superior to all others, the sum of human perfection 
gathered from many countries will become the common property of all the 
world. By the glorious memory of Peter Stuyvesant and his successors 
in the gubernatorial office, by the cosmopolitan spirit of oar city, by the 
broad hospitality of our State which has always welcomed the immigrant, 
educated him to our standard and conferred upon him our citizenship, and 
on behalf of my associates in the commission, I give this building to the 
uses of the fair during its existence. Afterward I trust it may be the 
dwelling place of our New York spirit as the club of our people who have 
settled in the West. 



50 New Yokk at the "VVoeld's Columbian Exposition. 

Addebss of Major M. P. Handy, in place of the Director-General, 

ON Behalf of the National Committee. 
Governor Flower^ Ladies and Gentlemen : 

Ton can regret no more sincerely than do I that the director-general of 
the World's Columbian Exposition is not here in person to present his 
homage to the great State of New York, and to present his congratula- 
tions and felicitations to the sons of New York upon the event which has 
brought us together. 

Summoned at a half an hour's notice to discharge this duty in his 
name, you will hardly expect me to say more than to discharge simply 
the duty that has been assigned me. New York has always been at the 
front, and certainly not on this day of all days would any State of the 
Union or any citizens of the United States ask her to take anything but 
the frontest of front seats. New York was thought at one time a little 
slow in coming to the rescue of the World's Fair, but there were those, 
and they were many in this city and throughout the country (and among 
them none more conspicious than the directoi--general in whose name I 
now appear), there were those, I say, who knew that it was only a ques- 
tion of time. That imperial State has a habit of doing in her own 
imperial and imperious way, and if she followed her own sweet, imperious 
will in this matter, we have no right to complain, provided she got there 
at last. It has been known to those who have been in the councils of the 
exposition from the first that to New York and to many other States we 
are indebted for much that is noble in our work. It was to the bril- 
liant brain of a New Yorker that we are indebted for the plan which 
shall make these exposition grounds most notable in the future for their 
landscape beauty. When the buildings were to be constructed, we went 
to New York and selected architects for four of the buildings which 
to-daj' you admire so much, and which shall remain for all time, if not in 
form, in the historjr of the exposition, as a monument to what New York 
architects can do. In the councils of the exposition from the first Now 
York has been jjotent through the members of her National Commission. 
Yesterday in the ceremonies which we will all remember to our last days, 
a New Yorker was most conspicuous, a gifted and able son of New York, 
because by reason of his high estate he took a most prominent position, 
and it was his voice that, under the most trying conditions that ever faced 
an orator, dedicated these grounds and these buildings to the good of 
humanity. When the grand procession passed through the streets of our 
city no man was received by the populace with more applause than the 
excellent son of New York, her chief executive. 




THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT CuMMlSSlON 



Hepoet of Boaud of Genkeal Managers. 51 

So New York from the first has been to the front, and if the ceremonies 
of this week are to be remembered more for one thing than for another, 
it will be from the fact that the marvelous orator from New York raised 
his voice to the deliver^^ of the Columbian oration. Mr. President, Gov. 
Flower, Ladies, Gentlemen, my duties are very slight. The director- 
general regrets extremely his inability to be here. Nothing but an 
important summons from a national body of which he is an officer would 
have prevented him from taking his part in the programme. 

In his name, by his authority, I have the honor to accept this beautiful 
building on behalf of the exposition company; and in the name of Chicago, 
of the exposition company, of the National Commission, I promise co-opera- 
tion to the fullest extent in keeping it inviolate to the great purpose to 
which it is to be devoted. 

Addeess of Gov. Roswell P. Flower. 
Mr. Chairman, and Fellow-citizens of New York and Illinois ; 

On behalf of the citizens of New York, I am here to-day, with other 
civil and militarj^ officers of our State, to give formal expression to the 
interest which our people feel in this national undertaking, and to dedicate 
the beautiful structure which her munificence has contributed to the 
architecture of this exposition. 

I consider it a proud honor that, as Executive of the greatest State in 
the Union, I am permitted at this Columbian anniversary to bear her 
message of greeting and good-speed to the promoters of so praiseworthy 
a national celebration. As chief participant among the States in the 
material and intellectual advantages which Columbus' discovery gave to 
civilization. New York should be, and is, the gladdest participant in this 
exhibition of the New "World's marvelous growth and development 
during four centuries. So interested was she in its success that she 
struggled hard for permission to hold the exposition within the borders of 
her own territory, but, though she failed in that, her interest is none the 
less intense, and, with the unselfishness of true patriotism, she is joining 
hands with Illinois in a noble endeavor by this undertaking to promote 
the glory and prosperity of our common country. We trust that the 
representation which her government and her citizens will have upon 
these grounds will vividly illustrate the story of New York's proud growth 
and add new lustre to her recognized supremacy. 

The earliest settlement by white men, within the limits of what is now 
the State of New York, was a trading post at the southern 'end of Man- 
hattan Island. From that beginning has grown the greatest city of the 
continent, and the site of the first rude log cabin, built by adventurous 



52 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

Hollanders, is to-day the very kernel of the commercial metropolis of the 
Union. The center of population in New York city has moved far up 
the island, and the splendid emporiums of its local trade are invading 
districts, where, in the memory of men still living, the sportsman went to 
seek for quail and woodcock. But for the metropolitan district — the 
greater New York — the center alike of population and of commercial 
activity remains at this hour where that bold Amsterdam skipper. Captain 
Adrian Block, placed it 279 years ago. 

What the lower end of Manhattan Island is to the 3,000,000 of people 
living around it, that the State and city of New York are in a certain 
degree to the people of the United States. With each successive census 
the center of population of the Union has been shown to have shifted 
westward along the thirty-ninth parallel from the seventy-sixth to the 
eighty-fifth degree of longitude. It was eighteen miles west of Baltimore 
in 1800, and it is found to be twenty miles east of Columbus, IncJ., in 1890. 
But the heart that keeps the life blood of commerce circulating through 
the veins and arteries of this great republic is where it was when the 
years of American jjrogress were few, and where it will be when they are 
counted by centuries. 

New York owes much to the development of the great West, but that 
development also owes much to New York. When the American colonies 
were a fringe of sparsely peopled communities stretched along the Atlantic 
seaboard, there were provinces for which a greater future might have been 
predicted than for New York, and cities that bade fair to lead in the race 
for wealth the bustling port on the Hudson. But when the colonies had 
become self-governing States, and the tide of migration began to pass 
beyond the mountain barrier and overflow into the valley of the Missis- 
sippi, the future greatness of New York was assured. For here was a 
new domain, broad as the continent of the older world, and far more 
fertile, to which New York supplied both entrance and outlet, and with 
whose growth in wealth and population its own were bound to grow. 
Henceforth the rank of New York among American Commonwealths was 
as little doubtful as that of the parent seat of its trade among American 
cities. 

New York was formed by nature to be, the Empire State of the Union. 
The ocean tides that sweep from the Atlantic into the noblest of American 
harbors are felt deep in the heart of the State. The sea has cleft the 
backbone of the continent for a path for the commerce of New York, and 
the level sweep of the western prairies broadens out from the valley of 
the Mohawk. In war and in peace our State has held the gateway of the 
continent. It was so when the red man owned, the soil, and when the 



Keport of Boaed or Geneeai- Makagees. 53 

Iroquois confederacy dictated to subject tribes from the lakes to the 
gulf; it will be so when the net- work of the roads of commerce by land 
and water are to those of our time as ours are to those of the stage coach 
and the pack mule. 

As Henry Hudson sailed up the noble stream that the aborigines called 
" the river of the mountains," he thought that here, indeed, must be the strait 
between two oceans, the long sought for northwest passage to India. But 
thoug^i he found " as beautiful a land as the foot of man can tread on," 
he little dreamed that this was the passage to an empire which had in store 
for coming generations riches beyond the treasure of far Cathay. It took 
more than a century for men to grasp the significance of the discovery of 
Columbus, and it was another two centuries before it was fairly dedicated 
to its destined use. For this virgin continent, that the navigators of 
Europe had stumbled on in their search for a short cut to Asia, had a 
larger part to play in the drama of human history than to be merely a 
new battle ground for old world quarrels, and a new sphere of ambition 
for old world dynasties. It had been reserved through all the ages to give 
man a new opportunity to show that he is worthy to be free, and to enable 
him to work out on the grandest scale in history a scheme of liberty, com- 
bined with order, which should stand as an example and an encourage- 
ment to all the world beside. Time has verified with marvelous accuracy 
the jjrediction of the Irish poet, recorded about 150 years ago, and familiar 
now to every school boy : 

" Westward the course of empire takes its way ; 
The four first acts already past, 
A fifth shall close the drama with the day ; 
Time's noblest offspring is the last." 

In this great enterprise New York has nobly borne her share. The pro- 
test of her provincial Legislature against the stamp act is recorded to have 
breathed a spirit more bold and decided than that from any other colony. 
It was within her borders that the first scheme of colonial union was for- 
mulated, and there also assembled the first provincial Congress to prepare 
the ground for the fair edifice of American liberty. The first State Con- 
stitution of New York has been universally accorded the very highest rank 
among the written instruments of human freedom. Her share in the mak- 
ing of the Federal Constitution was no less important than honorable, and 
the stand which she took to defend the sovereign rights of the smaller 
States against influences that would have given the States of her .own 
rank an overmastering influence over the general government, has been, 
with justice, called the noblest passage in her history. 



54 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Toleration and compreliensiveness have been stamped on the administra- 
tion of public affairs in New York from the earliest period, and history 
has fairly given her credit for these. But the credit she deserves for a 
magnanimous disinterestedness is neither so freely admitted nor so well 
understood. It is not alone in the records of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion, or in the part she bore in the struggle which preceded it, that the 
evidence of this is to be found. In conceiving and executing what was 
then regarded as the gigantic project of uniting Lake Erie and Lake 
Champlain with the Hudson river, New York conferred on the whole 
country a benefit whose value has never been fully estimated, and one not 
to be offset by any immediate gain to herself. 

At the present day the construction of the Erie canal has ceased to be a 
marvel, but at the time of its commencement, seventy-five years ago, it 
stood as the greatest public enterprise of modern history. It was a work 
of national, nay of international imj)ortance, and its magnitude challenged 
the attention of the world. Yet it was undertaken, singly and unaided, 
by a State whose finances had barely recovered from the effects of a war 
which had increased the burden of her debt and paralyzed her commerce, 
and whose entire population was less than that of the city of Chicago to-day. 
At the celebration of the completion in 1825 of this great undertaking, 
Philip Hone, the mayor of New York city, reminded his hearers, in a strain 
of pardonable pride and exultation, that this was exclusively a State work. 
He said : " In its infancy its feeble hands were in vain extended to the 
general government for aid and support, and the State of New York, 
unaided, unsupported, and relying only upon ils own energies and the 
patriotism of its own citizens, began with zeal, prosecuted with spirit, and 
has now successfully completed an enterprise which seemed to require the 
power and the resources of an empire to accomplish." 

New York, doubtless, had her reward, but it was because in uniting the 
great lakes with the Atlantic she was doing a much greater service to the 
country at large than could be measured by any immediate gain to herself. 
" Now," said the men of that day, " the time is near at hand when the 
minerals of the mountains and the rich products of a fertile soil, ' where 
prowls the wolf and the huntsman roves,' will jointly increase domestic 
and foreign commerce, and pour wealth into the lap of industry." " Here- 
after our wheat will compete in the European markets with that of Poland 
and Odessa, and a commerce be established important to the merchant and 
beneficial to the agriculturist." Or, rising to a higher elevation, they found 
matter for congratulation in the fact that " the canal removes the cloud 
which hung over our interminable forests ; and the philanthropist and 
patriot are no longer pained with the idea of the greater portion of our 




w 



:si^ 



_ yj 







FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION 



Eepoet of Boaed of General ]Maxagees. 55 

empire containing seignories of wild beasts, or coverts for banditta and a 
refuge for criminals." Or still more sweeping in its flight and penetrating 
in its vision was the oratory which discerned in the Great Western canal 
a stronger tie than that of a national compact, and which haUed it as 
destined to secure and consolidate forever the union of these States. 
" Thus," in the words of William Bayard, of New York, " our republican 
institutions will be preserved, the example of a representative government 
founded on the people's will, be maintained in its pristine purity, and the 
once fond wish of the patriot be realized, in the unsullied perpetuity of 
our Constitution." 

When the Erie canal was constructed, the agriculture of New York 
was flourishing, and her western counties were still but partially redeemed 
from the virgin forest. The canal rendered possible and profitable the 
settlement of the valley of the Ohio, and the process of Western com- 
petition, which was then begun, has ended by making it unprofitable to 
pursue the course of crops and husbandry on which New Yorkers throve 
sixty years ago. Nevertheless, we shaU be able to demonstrate to the 
world at this Columbian Exposition that our agricultural products are 
greater in qiiantity and more varied in kind than those of any other State in 
the Union. New York is preparing a display of cereals whose quality wall 
challenge comparison with any ; it has over a hundred varieties of grasses 
to place on exhibition, and its hojss, tobacco, hemp and flax will make to 
every intelligent observer a most impressive show. It will contribute its 
full share to the live stock exhibit, and its dairy products will be presented 
on a scale commensurate with their magnitude and excellence ; the sugars, 
the syrups, the honey, contributed by the State, will not lack adequate 
representation. The exposition will be plentifully embellished by the 
most beautiful specimens of its gardeners' art, and the enormous pro- 
portions and value of its fruit culture will be made plain vo the dullest 
apprehension. It is not generally known that, leaving out the fruits of 
Florida and California, the orchards of the State produce more than those 
of all the other States combined, and that in money value to the grower 
the grape crop of California must yield to that of New York. Even the 
nutritious and fortifying bean, from whose consumption a neighboring 
Commonwealth is supposed to derive so much of its characteristic mental 
and physical activity, is peculiarly a New York product, two or three 
counties of our State growing as much of it as all the rest of the country 
together. 

I venture to hope that the striking exhibit that will be made of our 
diversified agriculture will not be lost on those New York farmers who 
have not learned how easy it is to escape the ruinous competition of the 



56 l^Ew York at the "World's Columbiax Exposition. 

West in the great food staples, by adapting themselves to the demands of 
domestic markets that the State has within its own borders. There was 
a time, which some of us may live to see again, when the wheat and corn- 
fields of New York yielded a good living to those who cultivated them. 
But for the last quarter of a century it has been up-hill work for grain 
farms in New York to make both ends meet. Among the lessons which 
the department of agriculture at this great exposition can yield to those 
who bring any intelligence to the study of what it will have to show, not 
the least valuable will be that which demonstrates in how many ways 
much of the soil of New York can be made to give a better return for the 
labor bestowed on it than it does now. 

The rock formation of the State is a complete epitome of that of the 
whole country below the coal measures, and its geological exhibit will be, 
perhaps, the most striking of any which will be seen in the Hall of Mines. 
New York has the only fluid saline deposit in America, and the salt 
crystals of Herkimer county will make an appropriate centerpiece for the 
mineral exhibit of the State. We have iron and lead, granite and marble, 
slate, gypsum and marl, to place in the commercial category of our 
mineral resources, and one of the best equipped State museums in the 
country, from which to draw specimens of scientific interest. The forest 
products of the State will be shown as they have never been before. 
Short as has been the time available for the preparation of these char- 
acteristic exhibits of the material greatness of the State, they will be 
found to show no marks of haste and to be above the reproach of 
scantiness. 

Representing ten per cent of the population of the United States, six- 
teen per cent of the assessed valuation of their property, and probably 
twenty per cent of their actual wealth. New York may be fairly expected 
to have in the great buildings before us, commercial exhibits worthy of 
her place in the Union. When the doors of the World's Columbian 
Exposition are thrown open next May, this expectation will be found to 
be fully verified. The number of her individual exhibitors is likelj" to 
exceed 2,000, and the range of the products which they will show is as 
broad as the industries of the United States. In New York city we have 
the greatest manufacturing community in the country ; and if the circle 
be enlarged so as to include the wide area of the metropolitan district, we 
have, within a radius of twelve miles from the City Hall of New York, an 
aggregation of productive effort which for variety and value can hardly 
be matched in the world. This will have its due representation in the 
appropriate departments here, and though the contributions of this great 
hive of industry cannot be grouped together according to their place of 



Eeport of Boaed of General Managers. 57 

origin, the records of the fair can hardly fail to bear eloquent testimony 
to the energy, enterprise and skill of the metropolis of workers that sur- 
rounds the harbor of New York. 

Art and literature have yielded in all ages to the attracting force of 
great cities, and our time shows but few exceptions to the rule. New 
York is the chosen home of American art ; beyond its limits the accepted 
representatives of native painting and sculpture are comparatively few. 
Of the'34,000 square feet of wall space reserved in the Art Palace for the 
pictures of the United States painted in the last sixteen years, the larger 
portion will, therefore, be occupied by the work of New York artists. 
No more valuable exhibits than these will be intrusted to the care of the 
exposition authorities, and none with which the prompting of mere com- 
mercial profit will have less to do. The State recognizes the fact that its 
own credit demands an adequate presentation of the fine arts nourished 
within its borders, and its assistance has been freely given to provide for 
the safe transportation of works that, in many cases, represent the sole 
possessions of their makers. 

Equally imperative has been the obligation of the State to be adequately 
represented in the educational exhibit of the exposition. Our ijublic 
school system was one of the first established in the Union, and we 
believe that there is no more congruousl}' developed system in the country 
to-day. It is a great work, this of showing the whole field of scholastic 
education from the lowest primary grade to the academy, the normal 
school and the college, of illustrating the methods that jirevail in it, and 
of preparing specimens of what it yields. The mere collection and 
arrangement of samples of the work of pupils from all parts of New 
York is a task of uncommon magnitude, and is one that can only be done 
by those wielding the delegated authority of the State. But it has been 
committed to capable hands ; and I do not think that in this sphere of 
civic effort New York will have any cause to blush for the results of com- 
parison with her neighbois in the department of liberal arts. 

The University of the State of New York, an agency for the promotion 
of higher education, without a counterpart in any other State of the 
Union, will make a comprehensive showing of its mode of operation. The 
leading colleges of the State will have independent exhibits of a kind infe- 
rior to none of their associates in the work of academic culture. Our chief 
technical schools, our institutions for the education of the blind, and the 
deaf and dumb, as well as the reformatories of the State, will have proper 
representation here. So will the great public hospitals and asylums, those 
monuments of private beneficence and State and muaicipal charity, which 
are not the least of the glories of New York. 
8 



58 New Yoek at the "World's CoiATjimAN Exposition. 

We shall be able to point to this building in which you are assembled 
as New York's most beautiful exhibit. I count it a pride and privilege 
to dedicate, as I do now by the prerogative of my office, this fair structure 
to the reception and convenience of New Yorkers visiting the fair, and to 
the entertainment of all to whom the State may extend its hospitality. 
The plan of this building down to the minutest detail of its lavish orna- 
mentation is a birth of the same time, an outcome of the same spirit that 
sent Columbus on his voyage, and enlarged no less the scope of human 
intelligence than the boundaries of the habitable globe. It belongs to the 
period of the new birth of learning and of art, when the torpor of centu- 
ries was thrown off and the history of modern civilization began. In the 
republics of Italy, whose merchants were princes, palaces, of which this is 
the similitude, were built while Columbus was brooding over his enterprise 
of wresting its secret from the western sea. In such abodes did men live 
whose wealth was fed by countless rills of peaceful traffic from three con- 
tinents, and in such were luxury and display tempered by a discriminating 
taste in art, and by a sense of the obligations of a stirring and elevating 
public life. Our State building stands for some of the noblest ideals that 
commerce ever fostered or civic pride ever maintained, and it is, therefore, 
a most fitting representation of the visible presence of New York at the 
approaching congress of nations. 

To that gathering New York will come, bringing the best she has, 
whether of the bounty of nature or the art of man. In the pride with 
which the whole country may justly regard the greatest, the most compre- 
hensive and the most impressive of all international exhibitions. New York 
will fully participate. The lustre which the World's Fair will shed upon 
the city by whose energy and enterprise it has been promoted. New York 
will do her utmost to enhance. There will be neither East nor West, North 
nor South in this magnificent displaj' of the gathered fruits of human pro- 
gress at the close of the nineteenth century. Neither sectional nor munici- 
pal jealousy can have a place in a celebration whose grandeur all the world 
is helping to swell, and in which all the world will participate. A gener- 
ous fivaliy can alone have place in our people's effort to show that they 
have not been unfaithful to the responsibilities laid upon them, and that 
they have not been careless stewards of the heritage which, through the 
centuries, was prepared for the great republic of the west. 




■Vl? 



v-;* 






FIFTH JUDICIAL UISTRICT COMMISSION 



Kepoet of Board of Gexekal ^IaxactEes. 59 

Address op His Grace, the Most Reterbkd M. A. Coreigan, D. D., 

Archbishop of New York. 
Your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

Four hundred years ago, Columbus, sailing in the soft southern seas of 
the Bahamas, first touched the soil of the New World. Day by day, 
afterwards, as in that limpid atmosphere, amid the luxuriant verdure of the 
tropica, new beauties captivated his admiring gaze, his enthusiasm rose 
higher and higher, and he marveled how any one, who once visited that 
charming spot, could tear himself away from such an earthly paradise. 
Thus, in his diary for the 21st of October, 1492, he saj's : "All these 
objects fill me with astonishment and admiration, and seem as if they ought 
to retain in this abode every man who has once beheld them." Fascinat- 
ing as was that scene of loveliness, could his eyes scan America to-day, 
resplendent with the best products of human industry, and teeming with 
inexhaustible resources, could he witness the rich results of his discovery, 
with all their untold future development superadded, his soul, thrilling 
with ecstatic pride, could not contain its unbounded gratitude to God. To 
us it is given to behold, in its full splendor, what Columbus, like another 
Moses on the borders of the land of promise, could only discern in dim 
and distant outline. And, therefore, appreciating this fact, with Italy, 
the land of his birth, with Spain, the land of his adoption, with the other 
nations of the globe, who are debtors to his daring, we gladly swell the 
universal chorus in his honor, of praise and of thanksgiving. 

To-day everything combines to make this quadri-centennial celebration 
peculiarly appropriate. Obstacles that existed a hundred years ago have 
happily disappeared. A century ago the ocean separated us bj' a journey 
of seventy days from Europe ; our self-government, whose unparalleled 
success has since electrified the world, was looked upon as a problem of 
uncertain solution ; at home facilities of travel and of intercommunication 
were yet to be provided. More than this, the disparaging innuendoes, 
the base as well as baseless charges, against the fair fame of Columbus, 
had not yet been removed by patient historical research and critical 
acumen. Fortunately these clouds have since been almost entirely dis- 
pelled, thanks especially to the initiative of a son of our Empire State — 
the immortal Washington Irving. But most of all, the name and the fame 
of Columbus, and the story of his life will bo proclaimed throughout the 
world by the proceedings solemnly inaugurated yesterday, and to continue 
and culminate in the exposition to be held in this phenomenal and tyjji- 
cal American city. Coming from abroad to Chicago, the visitor will be 
puzzled which most to admire, the magnificence of the World's Fair 



60 New Toek at the Wokld's CoLxrsnsiAN Exposition. 

buildings, with the bewildering display of American ingenuity, or the no 
less impressive public spirit that called them into being. In either case 
he will pay a tribute to the genius of the country in which patriotism 
knows no distinction of race or of creed, in which popular intelligence is 
diflFused as the sunshine, and the blessings of education are oj)en to all 
like the air we breathe, while the lesson of Columbus' life is taught by 
every day's experience, that honest toil and perseverance, and the patient 
abiding by one's convictions, when founded on reason and in truth, will 
infallibly reap their rich reward. 

In the limited time placed at my disposal I can invite your attention to 
two points only in the character of Columbus. Judging him from the stand- 
point of the fifteenth century', which is undoubtedly the true philosophic 
standard, I beg to present him as a man of science, and a man of faith. 

As a scientist, considering the times in which he lived, he eminently 
deserves our respect. Both in theory and in practice he was one of the 
best geographers and cosmographers of the age. According to reliable 
historians, before he set out to discover new seas, he had navigated the 
whole extent of those already known, Moreover, he had studied so many 
authors, and to such advantage, that Alexander von Humboldt — certainly 
no mean authority — -affirms : " When we consider his life, we must feel 
astonishment at the extent of his literary acquaintance." Again he writes, 
" at the beginning of a new epoch, on the uncertain border land between 
the middle ages and modern times, this great figure dominates the age 
whose impulses he felt, and which he vivified in turn." In another work, 
Humboldt notes that students in almost every department of science, as 
physics, geology, anthropology, astronomy, philology and navigation, will 
everloe indebted to Columbus. And he adds, "the majesty of great mem- 
ories seem to be concentrated in his name. It is the originality of his vast 
conception, the extent, the fecundity of his genius, the courage opposed to 
long misfortunes, that have raised the admiral above all his contemporaries." 

Again, the scientist appears in this, that in the domain of nature and of 
positive fact, Columbus took nothing for granted. Tlie persistent oppo- 
sition of the most erudite professors of the day did not disconcert him. 
While he bowed reverently to the teachings of faith, he brushed away as 
cobwebs certain interpretations of Scripture, more fanciful than real, 
which were alleged against him, and calmly maintained that the word of 
God cannot be in conflict with scientific truth. 

As a scientist again he was conscious of the grandeur and the untold 
promise of his discovery. He recognized, to use the phrase of "Voltaire, 
that he was " doubling creation." Thus, writing to Ferdinand and Isa- 
bella, after his arrest by Bobadilla, he says: " The lands, which here obey 



Report of Board of General Majstagees. 61 

your highnesses, are more extensive and richer than all Christendom put 
together." In 1500 he wrote to Donna Juana Delia Torre, "through the 
Divine will I have placed already under the dominion of our lords the 
King and th ) Queen another world, whereby Spain, that was poor, is now 
made exceeding rich." His contemporaiies often use sim.ilar language, 
speaking explicitly of the " New World," as Harrisse's Columbian Bibli- 
ography abundantly demonstrates. A man of such calibre is no mere 
adventurer, nor a buccaneer. The result of the studies of a lifetime can- 
not be accounted a simple streak of good luck, or a " sublime blunder." 

And now let us consider our hero as exemplifying his name. In the 
cathedrals of Spain, as you enter the vast portals^ you generally find painted 
on the wall a colossal picture of St. Christopher, at times some thirty feet 
high, as, for instance, in the cathedral of Seville. For some unexplained 
reason the old Spaniards were very fond of this subject. Columbus must 
often have gazed on such representations. At all events, the project of 
bearing Christ over the waters sank deep into his heart. Time and again 
he alludes to it as the main object of his researches and the aim of his 
labors. Other motives of action undoubtedly he had, but they were means 
to an end. His diary opens with the avowal of his grand purpose. The 
record of the great discovery is accompanied with a similar declaration, 
and in various other passages of his journal the same project appears, like 
a dominant note in music, always present in the composer's mind, even 
though not always heard. In the account of his third voyage we read: 
"May our Lord grant your highnesses long life and health and tranquillity 
in order that they may pursue so noble an enterprise, in which it seems to 
me that God receives great service, Spain increases its grandeur and all 
Christians receive much consolation and pleasure, because the name of our 
Lord shall be spread throughout this country." This statement is cor- 
roborated, as is well known, by the declaration contained in the last will 
of Queen Isabella. Again, can the historian assign any other motive so 
powerful as this for the deeji interest of the prior of La Rabida, of the 
various Franciscan and Dominican friars, as well as of the great cardinal of 
Spain, who so earnestly pleaded Columbus' cause before the Spanish sov- 
ereigns ? Moreover, may we not reasonably assume that the great navi- 
gator after all was a willing instrument in the hands of G-od ? Consider 
the times. The old order was changing. Three great inventions, already 
beginning to exert a most potent influence, were destined in time to revo- 
lutionize the world; the printing press, which led to revival of learning; 
the use of gunpowder, which changed the methods of warfare; the mari- 
ner's compass, which permitted the sailor to tempt boldly even unknown 
seas. These three great factors of civilization, each in its own way, so 



62 New Yoek at the World' fs Columbian Exposition. 

stimulated human thought that the discovery of America was plainly in 
the designs of that providence which " reacheth from end to end mightily 
and ordereth all things sweetly." Once more, take God's dealings with 
the human race, as illustrated in the central fact of all history, the incar- 
nation of his Son. The promise of the Redeemer runs through the Scrip- 
tures of the Old Testament as a thread of gold in a tangled web. When 
all seems most forbidding, the gracious promise is most clearly renewed. 
For instance, Abraham is told of the wonderful increase of his posterity, 
when in the order of nature he could not hope for issue; and later on he 
is bidden to sacrifice Isaac, through whom the promise was to be accom- 
plished. Just as all seems hopelessly lost, an angel stays the father's 
uplifted arm, and the patriarch receives the divine assurance: "I will 
multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven and as the sand by the seashore, 
and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." 

So it is time and again in the life of Columbus. All seemed dark and 
hopeless; for instance, when, after years of weary negotiation, the court 
finally refused his demands, and he was sorrowfully bidding adieu to Spain 
forever, Santangel unexpectedly persuades the Queen to yield to his con- 
ditions. Later on, when he could not induce a single sailor of Palos 
to make the fearful venture across the dark ocean, at the last moment 
Pinzon comes forward and the caravels are speedily equipped. Returning 
from his first voyage of discovery, in all the glory of his success, a horri- 
ble storm overtakes his frail bark. All on board consider destruction 
imminent. The next morning, to their glad surprise, the sailor on watch 
at the masthead exclaims: "Land! land!" In fact these unexpected 
rescues came so often and so regularly in the history of Columbus that we 
cannot but conclude that the Lord for his own wise purpose was with him, 
and evidently not for his own sake alone but for ours as well. 

And if the Lord had mercy for the sake of the thousands and millions 
of souls who are to serve him, not only in this glorious republic but 
throughout the length and breadth of America, may we not reverently 
repeat the admiral's prayer: " O Lord, eternal and almighty God, who 
by tliy holy word didst create the heavens, the land and the seas, hallowed 
and glorified be thy name; praised be thy majesty, which has vouchasfed 
to suffer thy holy name, by the work of thy humble servant, to be made 
known and proclaimed in this new part of the world." And since we are 
here to thank God and commemorate his servant, may we not also ask 
that the blessing which brought Columbus safe through all his journeys 
may rest on us too, and on this building, and on our beloved State — the 
blessing of God Almighty, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, to whom be 
praise and glory forever. 




/7°ij f/ii.CfAp: 






r\WDepl:.l1.TI]ur5L"i?. dh^ 

SIXTH JUDICIAL Ulblklcl COMMISSION 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 63 

DEDICATION POEM : TWO PICTURES. 

By William H. McElrot. 

I. 

There's a picture tlie ages shall cherish till time has been shorn of his might, 
And dawns the unspeakable morning which never is vanquished by night, 
No shrine ever builded by mortals that wonderful picture shall hold, 
It shalf hang in the Pantheon peerless, that's builded of memory's gold! 

At the gate of the Heaven-kissed convent where want never pleaded in vain. 
In the beautiful land of the Virgin, the heart of the garden of Spain, 
A stranger is timidly knocking who begs, as he humbles his head, 
For the child whose hand he is holding, " Good friars, a morsel of bread." 

Impoverished, unhonored, unfriended, he wanders a pilgrim forlorn. 
His pathway resounds with the laughter and bleeds with the briers of scorn. 
So wearied and baffled behold him, an exile, derided, reviled, 
As he stands at the gate of the convent, beseeching a crust for his child. 

The blessed Franciscans console him, the arms of their love open wide. 
They succor with Christ-like compassion the child pressing close to his side. 
But the pity they feel for the beggar dies out in o'er-whelming surprise. 
As they see that tome vision transcending suffuses with rapture his eyes. 

Then the prior, soft speaking adjures him, this beggar of mystical mien, 
" Thy vision — we pray thee, unfold it ; what is it thy spirit has seen ? 
Thine eyes are beholding a glory — hast climbed where the Law-giver trod ? 
Has the firmameDt read thee its riddles, hast stood in the presence of God ? " 

The beggar smiles calm on the friars, and, moved by their earnest behest, 
Slow turns and with infinite yearning looks sadly and long at the west ; 
Then he answers, " Wouldst know of my vision? Good fathers, I hear 

and obey — 
I've seen it, I seek it, I'll find it, the way leading west to Cathay ! 

" That vision ujjlifts and sustains me, it shines with so ardent a glow, 
Each mount of despair as it rises is gone, like the sun-smitten snow ; 
And, lo, the delectable mountains I seem to be treading the while. 
Whose summits are crimson for ever with Heaven's ineffable smile." 

That picture the ages shall cherish, its colors fade not with the years. 
Humanity turns to it fondly and cons it through tenderest tears ; 
Behold him, the marvelous dreamer, behold him, the jeered and reviled. 
As he stands at the gate of the convent, beseeching a crust for his child ! 



6i New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

II. 

Here, here, where the juhilant nations their sheaves of rejoicing shall bring, 
While the continent echoes and echoes the harvest home anthems they sing, 
There shall grow on the canvas of Fancy a picture of sunnier hue, 
A picture which charms and refreshes like Italy's heaven of blue. 

Be its place by the side of the beggar, this figure of matchless renown. 
Round his head like a halo are beaming the stars of his Fate-wrested crown, 
Still his eyes the old rapture suffuses, a glory outshining the sun, 
And his face is the face of the martyr who's f ouglit a good fight and has won. 

He shall loom in our glorious pageant, as over the valley arise 

The heights of the piuacled Jungfrau which melt in the waves of the 

skies ; 
The wide world shall render him homage, shall name him its bravest and 

best. 
As here in his splendid fruition be greets the proud Queen of the West ! 

And lo, while the plaudits are sounding, a rustle of wings we shall hear, 
The curtains of cloud-land shall open, a presence celestial appear ; 
'lis the conquering goddess of Progress, descending with ardor aflame, 
Columbus her hero of heroes, the first of her knights, she shall name. 

With the soul's subtle sight we shall see them, shall hail them each festival 

«3ay, 
They shall saunter from temple to temple approving each brilliant array, 
They shall kindle with joy at the treasures heaped high in the garners- of 

Peace, 
And yearn for that civilized morrow when Warfare forever shall cease. 

Mayhap if we listen attentive, from the hero's own lips we shall hear. 
As he talks to the conquering goddess, the tale of his dauntless career. 
O epic of courage sublimest, fate left him in darkness to grope, 
No^pillar, no star gave him guidance, but only the beacon of hope. 

And alway and alway the goddess shall beam with a passionate pride. 
On her darling whose steps she's attending, serene in his place at her side — 
Not fonder the look of the pilgrim, the beggar derided, reviled. 
As he turned at the gate of the convent and gazed on the face of his child. 

These joy-bedecked scenes shall endure not, the harvest home anthems 

shall cease, ■ 
Too soon at the touch of Time's finger shall vanish this triumph of Peace, 



Kepoet of Board of General Managees. 65 

But the music of memory lingers, time threatens her structures in vain, 
All castles the ages shall crumble, save the shimmering castles of Spain. 

The beggar forlorn at the convent, the ages' invincible knight, 

These pictures shall cheer and admonish till time shall be shorn of his 

might, 
And ever to him who regards them, though hope may have mocked him, 

they'll say, 
" Take heart — from the darkness that's thickest, there blossoms the 

ravishing day!" 

IIL 

O Progress, with thy restless eyes, 

Sleepless as fate and tireless as the sun, 
Thou mighty mother of the world's emprise, 

Here where we bring the trophies thou hast won, 
Bend thou thine ear and list to our acclaim. 

Stay thy imperial march by land and sea. 
While this fair temple, vocal with thy name, 

We dedicate to thee ! 

Whatever shall show mankind 

That, spite of history's lying page. 
Not buried in the years behind, 

But forward lies the golden age ; 
Whatever here shall worthiest stand, 

The boon of ages yet to be. 
Best fruitage of the brain and hand, 

We dedicate to thee ! 

Whatever here shall truest teach 

How the round world may wiser grow — 
The clearer eye, the wider reach, 

The rule of Heaven here below ; 
What'er makes learning's touch so bright, 

Or wides the boundaries of the free. 
The jewels of our emjjire's might 

We dedicate to thee ! 

ft 



66 I4ew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Work of the Winter Months 1S92-1S93. 

On the return of the Board of General Managers from the Cokiin- 
bian celebrations, work was taken np by the commissioners and 
department chiefs with renewed energy. Indeed, it might well be 
argued that the holding of the dedication six months in advance of the 
fair was of the highest benefit to the exposition, apart from its 
historical significance, for the i-eason tliat representatives from every 
State and majiy foreign nations were present, who freely interchanged 
vie-wB as to tlie scope and possibilities of the exposition and the nature 
of {he work ah'eady undertaken by them. Furthermore, it was readily 
appreciated by all that the magnificent scale on which the grounds and 
buildings were planned was the type of the fair, and that to occupy an 
honorable place in the exhibit departments meant unremitting labor 
for the remainmg six months, it is safe to assert that the exhibits of a 
majority of the. States were doubled in attractiveness by the experience 
gained and rivalry excited at the early ceiebration. 

The work of flie commission during the winter of 1892 and 1893, 
though pressing and exacting, was necessarily of a certain routine 
character difficult to transcribe and uninteresting to read. Only a few 
of tbe most miportant actions can be touched upon. Tlie greatest 
demand upon the time, patience and diplomatic al)ility of the board 
was tlie question of space ; many of New York's manufacturing 
industries demanded an immediate adjustment ot the difficulty as a 
condition of their making an exhibit ; others, just waking to a sense of 
the importance of the occasion, were making frantic endeavors to 
obtain recognition from the exposition autliorities. In their role of 
mediators the board were obliged to use the utmost tact to satisfy the 
demands of the exhibitors on the one hand and not make unjust require- 
ments of the exposition officials on the other. 

Jhere was undoubtedly a failure to satisfy the great majority of 
individual demands both as to the amount of space granted and the 
time consumed in reaching a decision, but the task imposed upon the 
Chicago authorities was so complicated and delicate as to demand for 
them the utmost indulgence. Some idea of their problem may be 
obtained when it is stated that in the Manufactures Building, with a 
floor area of thirty and three-lifths acres, American exhibitors proposed 
to occupy space five times greater than at their disposal, and yet no 
foreign nation received one-third the space reserved for the United 











^' • ^5ec/ 



SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION 



Kepoet of Boaed of Genekal, Managees. 6t 

States. In the Macliineiy Building four times the total available space 
was applied for bj American firms. The difiiculty of making, under 
such circumstances, an allotment -which should be at once fair to the 
individual and not prejudicial to the representative character of the 
combined exhibit ui any given group is sufficiently obvious. 

Some business firms of the State sought to advertise and make capi- 
tal of the notoriety to be gained by airing alleged grievances ; some 
few cases of hardship) undoubtedly happened, but iu nearly every case 
as much space as could be expected was granted every applicant, and the 
allotment to Isew York as a whole was genei'ous in the extreme. The 
following table of space * occupied by !New York in each department is 
the most conclusive argument on the question ; 

Space reserred for 
Department. " United States. Space granted New York, 

Agriculture 450 , 000 feet Collective 4 , 048 

Individual 42,774 46,822 feet. 

Forestry Collective 1,053 

Individual 1,669 2,722 feet. 

Horticulturef Collective 65 , 500 

Individual 43 , 654 109 , 154 feet. 

Fisheries 1,415 feet. 

Mines and Mining. . 140,000 feet Collective 1,891 

Individual 11,633 18,524 feet. 

Machinery 100,000 feet 40,224 feet. 

Transportation Collective 2 , 450 

Individual 66,500 68,950 feet. 

Manufactures 260,000 feet 58,063 feet. 

Electricity 180,000 feet 39,298 feet. 

Fine arts 36,000 feet 21,000 feet. 

Liberal arts 230,000 feet Collective 12,810 

Individual 33,040 45,850 feet. 

Ethnology Collective 12 , 800 

Individual 18,280 31,080 feet. 



473,102 feet. 



This grand total approximates ten anil tliree-quarter acres, or a space 

* At the time of going to press the official figures have not been tabulated by the 
Exposition authorities. These figures are based on newspaper tables and esti- 
mates, but are sufficiently correct for making comparisons. 

f Not including 92,000 feet on lawns and Wooded Island, 



68 New Yoek at the World's Coltjjvibian Exposition. 

nearly as large as that occupied by the Electricity and Mines and Min- 
ing buildings combined. In round numbers the space set aside for tlic 
United States at the exposition was 3,000,000 feet, of which New York 
occupied nearly 500,000, or one-sixth the entire amount. In the Agri- 
cultural Building New York had one-tenth of the total space granted 
American exhibitors : in the Machinery Hall two-fifths ; in the Manu- 
factures Building one-fifth; in the Fine Arts seven-twelfths. In the 
Forestry and Fislieries alone is New York's proportion small, but in 
each case all the space asked for was granted. This table should foi'- 
ever kill the two liydra-headed rumors so often cmbbed into silence by 
this board : one that New York took no interest in the fair, the other 
that New York was discriminated against by the fair authorities. 

The Second Appeopeiation. 

It became evident in the latter part of 1S92 that the State could 
jiot make a display commensurate with its first rank as a Common 
wealth without an additional appropriation. The rivalry had become 
so intense between the different States that the prestige of New York 
was seriously threatened, while the work of preparation was seen to be 
far gi-eater and more complicated than presented itself the year before. 
To keep the same proportion between its exhibits and those of other 
States, as actually exists in the commercial world, required the develop- 
ment of comjjrehensive plans for which Ijoth time and money were 
necessary factors. As the former element was limited the emergency 
could only be met by a greater use of the latter. Many absolutely 
necessary features could have been prepared at lialf the cost had six 
aionths or a year's more time been at the command of the commission. 
Furthermore, in seven of the thirteen departments of the exposition 
the Board of General Managers were compelled to assume the prepara- 
tion of a collective exhibit, as in no one of them was there a commer- 
cial return large enough to warrant intrusting the disjalay to private 
enterprise. A statement of the case was made to the public through 
the press and a bill introduced in the Legislature when it met in 
January, 1893, asking for $3(;tO,000 more to complete the work. 
The almost unanimous opinion was that it should be granted immedi- 
ately and no effort be spared to insure New Y'ork's sujDremacy at the 
fair. It was conceded by all that the total amount was not large in 
considerati(_in of the fact that New York could not afford to make an 
inadequate display of her varied resources at a fair subjected to the 



B.EPOET OF Board of General Managers. 69 

scrutiny of the civilized world. The bill took the regular course 
through the Legislature, passing the Senate on February twenty-eighth, 
and was only delayed for aliout three weeks while the State Comp- 
troller was prejjaring an itemized account of the expenditures of the 
Board of General Managers pursuant to a resolution adopted by the 
Assembly. The result of the inquiry was creditable in the highest 
degree to the prudence and ability of the board, and the bill unani- 
mously passed the Assembly on March 22, 1S93. Contracts which 
had been awaiting the decision of the Legislature were signed and 
work in each department pushed ahead on the broad lines already 
planned but temporarily suspended. 

By the action of the board at its December meeting Mr. Louis Mere- 
dith Howland, a member of the commission, was appointed a com- 
mittee of one in charge of the New York State Building to supervise 
its construction and furnishing. It was deemed extremely desirable to 
have it in readiness for the presidential \isit on opening day, even if 
not complete in its minor details. 

On the twenty-third of March the Judicial District Commissions were 
abolished by the following resolution passed at the monthly meeting of 
the board : 

Whereas, the bureaus established in the several judicial districts 
have accomplished and completed the purjjoses and labors for Avhicli 
they were organized ; and, 

Whereas, the constant demands for aid from the State, in collect- 
ing and making exhibits require the liusl)anding of the moneys appro- 
priated by the Legislature, therefore, be it 

Resolved, that the chief executive officer be and he is hereby 
directed to notify the said judicial district boards to close their respec- 
tive bureaus, disjjense with the services of clerks, salaried officers, etc., 
and cease on or before April 1, 1893, all expenses which otherwise 
would be a charge upon the funds and resources of the Board of Gen- 
eral Managers. 

The work of the District Commissions was in a sense supplementary 
to that of the Board of General Managers, inasmuch as the chief eiiorts 
of the latter were directed towards making the collective exhibits in 
the seven departments already referred to, while the efforts of the 
former were mainly to procure individual exhibits in the other six 
departments which were more mercantile. Many of the commissions 
performed tlieir duties with ability and were of great service to the 



'TO New York at the World's Coltjmbian Exposition. 

State iu arousing public pride and enterprise. Upon the tinal assign- 
ment of space, however, by the Cliicago authorities their daj's of help- 
f uhiess were necessarily ended and the Board of General Managers were 
constrained to cut otf expenditures in this direction and apply the 
money where it would he of greater benefit to the State. 

The Natal Review. 

In the same act that created the World's Cojumbian Exposition, 
Congress also j^rovided for a naval review to be held in jSTew 1 ork 
harbor April 2t, 1S93. All tlie maritime nations of the world were 
uivited to participate. The fleets were to rendezvous at Hampton 
Roads and then proceed under command of Rear Admiral Gherardi to 
JSTew York where tliey were to be reviewed by the President and other 
National and State officials. Nine foreign nations responded to the 
invitation : England, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Spain, Holland, 
Brazil and Argentine Republic. Naval architecture had changed so 
I'adieally smce the war of the Rebellion, the last actual test of battle- 
ships, where the stnrdy little " Monitor " closed tlie epoch of '' wooden 
walls," that the review assumed more than a festal significance. Critical 
eyes from every nation noted the construction, maneuvering and new 
ideas as expressed in the thirty-five battleships ranged side by side. 
Nor were emotional features lacking in the situation. The spectacle 
of the ten most powerful navies sailing under one command and peace- 
fully engaging in a common celebration has never before been seen 
and may never be again. 

All of the expected vessels put into Hampton Roads during April, 
1S93, except two of Russia's scpiadron which were delajed by ice in 
the Neva. After a week of festivities at Fortress Monroe the fleet 
weighed anchor on April twenty-fourth and sailed for New York, 
anchoring iu the lower bay. On the twenty-sixth they proceeded 
slowly np the river to their assigned positions off the uj)per part of the 
city, preparatory for the review. As they passed the Battery the 
statne of John Ericsson, the designer of the " Monitor," was unveiled, 
and was sainted by the heavy guns of the " Philadelphia, " the flag- 
ship of the squadron. 

The morning of the twenty-se venth was rainy and cheerless, in extreme 
contrast to the favorable weather which greeted the October review, but 
after a short postponement, the reviewing vessel steamed out into the river 
and passed up between the warshijjs anchored in the following order : 




EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION 



Report of Board of General IManagers. 



11 



LEFT COLUMN. 

Philadelphia (U. S.), flagship 

Newark (U. S.) 

Atlanta (IT. S.) 

San Francisco (U. S.) 

Bancroft (U. S.) 

Bennington (L. S.) 

Baltnnore (U. S.) 

Chicago (U. S.) 

Torktown (U. S.) 

Charleston (U. S.) 

Yesnvius (U. S.) 

Concord (U. S.) 

ISTneve de Jnlio (Argentine Republic) 

Yan Speyk (Holland) 

Kaiserin Augusta (Germany) 

Seeadler (Germany) 

Miantonomoh (U. S.) 



RIGHT COLUMN. 

Blake (England) 
^iustralia (England) 
Magicienne (England) 
Tartar (England) 
Diniitri Donskoi (Russia) 
General Admiral (Russia) 
Rynda (Russia) 
Arethuse (France) 
Ilussard (France) 
Jean Bart (France) 
Etna (Italy) 
Giovani Bausan (Italy) 
Infanta Isabel (S23ain) 
Reina Regente (Spain) 
ISTeuva Espana (Spain) 
Aquidaban (Brazil) 
Tiradentes (Brazil) 
Republica (Brazil) 



The " Dolphin," of the United States navy, was the reviewing vessel 
of President Cleveland, while the " Cushing " and " Stiletto " were 
used as dispatch boats. The coast steamer "Monmouth " was i-eserved 
for Senators, Representatives and their guests, and the patrol steamer 
"Blake" for the Diplomatic Corps. The New York State officials, 
"World's Fair Commissioners and Legislature were carried by the steamer 
■' Gen. Slocum," and were given a pi-ominent position at the head of tlie 
line. Neither threatening skies nor pouring rain could keep at home the 
immense crowd which gathered at every vantage point along the whole 
shore line of ten miles. The sight was one in a lifetime. The " Dol- 
phin " passed the splendid battleships, full rigged and m.anned, while 
under their protecting guns lay the tiny caravels, " Nina,'' " Pinta " 
and " Santa Maria." These frail-looking vessels, flj'ing the ancient ban- 
ner of red and white which once symbolized the might of Castile and 
Aragon, formed a striking contrast to the modern ships which repre- 
sented every phase of naval engineering, from the powerful armored 
battleshijjs, "Jean Bart" and "Blake,'' to the swift torpedo boat 
" Cushing." One of the features of the review was the marvelous 
rapidity and precision with which the firing of salutes was conducted. 
Ihiring the evening interesting exhibitions of search light drilling and 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



\ 



night signaling were given. Tlie Very and the Ardois systems were 
exeniplilied in tlie latter. On shore the anniversary banquet of General 
Grant's birthday was being celebrated, followed by the famous naval 
ball at the Madison Square Garden at which all the notables of the 
country were present with the Diplomatic Corps and foreign officers. 
On Friday, April twenty-eighth, the shore parade of sailors and 
marines from ail the men of war in the harbor took place. The hardy 
tars were escorted by the naval reserves of New York and Massachu- 
setts and the National Guard of New York ; the parade, though small 
in comparison with the monster one of the previous October, was most 
successful and attractive by its novelty. At its close President Cleve- 
land, the Duke of Veragua and party, the World's Fair Commissioners 
and others took the train for Chicago to be in time for the opening 
exercises. May first. The celebration was ended in New York by a 
banquet in the evening given at the Waldorf by the Chamber of Com- 
merce in honor of the commanding officers of tlie fleet. The whole 
celebration passed off as smoothly and successfully as in October, and 
was of the highest credit to New York as well as to the nation. 

Opening Exeecises at Chicago, Mat 1. 1893. 

Inasmuch as the buildings and grounds had been dedicated with 
elaborate pomp and ceremony the preceding October, the formal open- 
ing was reduced to a few simple exercises, the more impressive as the 
vastness of the undertaking lay at length revealed. A short introduc- 
tory statement by Director-General Davis, a brief speech by the Presi- 
dent, Grover Cleveland, and at noon the electric signal was given by 
the President which set the ponderous machinery in motion and 
announced from guns, bells and whistles, that the great exj)osition was 
in progress. 

Barely twelve and one-half months had elapsed since the Board of 
Genei^il Managers had been appointed, but in that time New York's 
interests had been well looked after in each department. Not all of 
New York's exhibits were in a completed state by May first, but this 
condition was common to all, and New York was fully abreast of her 
competitors in this respect. In point of fact the month of May was 
nothing but a dress rehearsal for the main exhibition period. The 
music of the hammer and saw took i:)recedence over everything else, 
and it was not until June first tliat the fair could be said to be in a 
finished condition for visitors. 



Kepoet of Board of General Managees. 73 

l^EW ToEk's PaET IX THE FaIE. 

What ■was done by the board directly for the State in the various 
departments of the exposition is f ullj set forth in the detailed rejjorts 
furnished by tliose who had immediate charge of the exhibits, and 
incorporated in the latter part of this rolnnie. But the following gen- 
eral statement of their location and character may serve as a summary 
of the work which has been done in this dii'eetion, and may also be 
supplemented by a descrijjtion of noteworthy exhibits in buildings and 
departments not specially cared for by the Board of General Managers. 

Ageictjltceal Bcildikg. 

Agricxoltural Exhibit. This was ia section 6, on the south side 
of the main aisle, near the eastern entrance, and occujDied 4,000 square 
feet. James "Wood, of Mt. Kisco, was directoi--in-chief, and Hezekiah 
Bowen, of Medina, assistant. The exhibit was planned scientiiically, 
and was designed to show the great variety and climate which dis- 
tinguished the State, and the endless diversity of agricultural jiro- 
ducts which are thus rendered possible. While ISTew York has 
always oceujiied a prominent place in the agricultural States, and 
led in many staple productions, the fact is not generally i-ecognized 
that the agricultui-al products of this State are greater in quantity, 
more varied in kind, and of equal if not better quality than those of 
any other State. The great variety of soils renders it possible to adapt 
the crops to the locality, and cultivate them under the most advantage- 
ous circumstances. The exhiljit brought out these facts in a striking 
manner. One of the most noteworthy features was a series of bromide 
enlargements, from photographs taken in the hop region of ISTew York 
during the harvest season. In consideration of the fact that in 1890 
Xew York had 36,670 acres under cultivation for hops, and raised 
20,063,029 pounds, which is fifty-one -per cent of the entire yield of 
tJie United States, the pictures assume a wider significance than at first 
' appears. Many other special industries which are not correctly ajjpre- 
ciated, even by our own citizens, were similarly brought out. In the 
autumn 250 varieties of potatoes raised in the State were on exhibi- 
tion, and over 100 varieties of grasses, native or domesticated in our 
soil. In all the groups of this department Xew York firms were 
prominent, and some adequate idea of tlie extent and excellence of 
New York's complete exhibit may be gained from the findings of the 
10 



74: New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Bureau of Awards, which granted New York State 585 awards in the 
agricultural dej^artnient. 

Apiarian Exhibit. In the eastern gallery, group 23, almost directly 
over the agricultural exhibit, and occupying 1,500 square feet, was an 
exhibit of comb and extracted honey, with all the modern appliances 
of the apiary art. In addition to this six colonies of bees were trans- 
ported to Chicago and gave a live exhibit of the making of honey 
under the best improved conditions. New York was the only State 
to present this feature. The exhibit was in charge of Orel L. Hersh- 
iser, of Buffalo. 

Wool Exhibit. This exhibit embraced all the varieties of wool pro- 
duced in the State, and was situated iii the western section of the 
north gallery. It was separated from the main agricultural exhibit 
under the ruling of the exjjosition regarding collective exhibits, and 
was nearest the dome in the line of wool exhibits of the various States. 

Dairy Exhibit. Although a subdivision of the agricultural depart- 
ment, the dairy exhibits, for obvious reasons, required a separate building. 
This was situated to tlie southeast of Agricultural Hall near the shores 
of South Pond. New York occupied 470 feet of space in the north- 
western part of the Dairy Building, and fully exemplified the methods 
of making butter and cheese which has rendered the State foremost in 
those industries. The dairy test, in which many celebrated cows of 
different breeds from New York were entered, was conducted in a 
building near here. The work of collecting, transporting, installing 
and caring for the dairy exhibits was done by the aid of a committee 
appointed by the New York State Dairymen's Association from funds 
supplied by the State Board of Managers. Josiah Shull, of Ilion, super- 
intended the collection of exhibits. Arrangements were made for 
the reception of butter and cheese exhibits at central points for the 
various districts of the State, in the months of June, July, Sejjtem- 
ber and October, for their conveyance in refrigerator cars, and tlieir 
preservation in refrigerated cases at the exposition. The plan worked 
perfectly and the State had constantly on exhibition the finest products 
of its farms and factories. Two liundred and ninety-seven awards were 
taken in tins exhibit — 136 for butter, 156 for cheese and five for 
miscellaneous exhibits. 




i;oUKT OF HON 



V 



\L 



iiTTTri" T r 




U 




mr 




oKixG West 



Report df Board of General Managers. 75 

Horticultural Building. 

Sew York occupied 2ii,0U0 square feet of space in this building. 
In addition 50,000 feet were taken up l)y New York greenhouses 
and 92,000 feet hy lawns and gardens. The exhibits were divided 
into three parts — tloriculture, pomology and viticulture. 

Flonal JExhibh. Fifteen thousand feet, or nearly one-half of the 
space under the great dome, was occupied by an artistic exhibit in the 
form of a mound of ferns, shrubs and plants. In the rotunda opj^osite 
the mound there was in season an exhibit of gladioli and cut flowers, 
and overhead in the gallery an exhibit of floral designs. Just nortli- 
west of the western main entrance, and occupying a lawn space of 50,500 
square feet, were nine greenhouses, including an orchid house, a Yictoria 
Eegia house, a commercial rose house and one filled with foliage j^lants. 
A little further to the northwest, in the direction of the Midway Plais- 
ance, was a model of an old-fashioned flower garden, occupying 2,500 
square feet. Between ri<jrticultural Hall and the Lagoon, Sqw York 
occupied three-fourths of the lawn space, besides furnishing the beauti- 
ful display of aquatic plants in the fountain east of the main entrance. 
On the Wooded Island 30,000 square feet were planted with ornamental 
trees, shrubs and . rose gardens. New York easily led all competitors 
by this magnificent exhibit, and great j)raise is due the superintendent, 
James Dean, of Bay Ridge, and James Donlon, his assistant, for their 
energetic and scientiiic wijrk. Forty awards were taken in this group. 

P oil lolocj'ical Exhibit. In the south curtain of the Horticultural Hall, 
occupying 2,973 square feet, officially designated as department B, 
group 21,' was the pomological exhibit containing all the fruits of the 
State. As An exhibit of j^erishable products requires constant renewal, 
the display required the utmost care and good arrangement on the part 
of its ciiiefs. The unquestionable success of the exhibit is a sufficient 
commentary on this point, and the truth M'as demonstrated, tliat with 
the exception of citrus fruits, New York produced more fruit than all 
the other States together. George T. Powell, of Ghent, was superin- 
tendent of the exhibit, and E. G. Fowler, of Port Jervis, assistant. 
Thirty awards were granted New York in this group. 

Yiticulture. In the southern gallery at the head of the west stair- 
case was an exhibit of sparkling and still wines, and on the first floor 



76 New Toek at the World's Columbian" Exposition. 

au exhibit of brandies, cordials, etc. The grapes were shown -witli the 
pomological exhibit. The display of grapes and wines from New York 
was a revelation to thousands of -^'isitors who had little idea of the extent 
and excellence of grape cultivation in the Chaiitanqua and Keuka dis- 
tricts, and that the money value of the grape crop of New York is 
greater than that of the grape crop of California. Near the eastern 
entrance of the Midway Plaisance was an exhibit showing the best 
methods of vine section and trimming. The viticulture exhibit received 
twenty-two awards, and was in charge of George C. Snow, of Penn i' an. 
lu the dome gallery of the Horticultural Building was an exhibit, 
occupying 2-iO feet, of the edible fungi of .the State, arranged by 
Charles H. Peck, State botanist, and in the gallery of the north annex 
were shown two large cases of canned fruit. 

Live Stock Exhibit. 

This exhibit was located in the southern part of the grounds, and 
varied according to the schedule prepared by the exposition authorities, 
different periods being set aside for the exhibition of different animals. 
It comprised successi^-e shows of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poultiy 
and pigeons. New York took fifteen medals, four diplomas, fifty-seven 
first premiums, forty-three second premiums, forty-five third premiums 
and thirty -seven fourth premiums. The total amount of prize money 
received by New York exhibitors was §5,620, a sum greater than the 
cost of the exhibit. 

The exhibit of live stock in tlie ratio of the aggregate of prizes 
awarded to total expenditure was successful beyond precedent. For 
this result the commissioners acknowledge their obligation to the Hon. 
James Wood, superintendent. The ■wisdom of his course of thorough 
preliminary inspection and selection by which only the best live stock 
offered was forwarded from New York to Chicago, enabled him to 
com;giete the work at a total cost of but one-fifth the sum originally 
apportioned for this dejjartment. 

Mines and Mining Building. 

It is a fact worthy of mention that at no exhibition, national or inter- 
national, has there ever been a complete exhibit of the geological for- 
mation and mineral resources of this State. This is the more remark- 
able inasmuch as below the coal measure the rock formation of New 
Y'ork affords a key to the geology of the whole country. 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managees. 77 

The exhibit in this department was instructive, impressive and com- 
preliensive, and "vvas supervised by Prof. F. J. H. Merrill, of Albanj. 
The space was marked by a magnificent obelisk, which stood in front 
of the pavilion, illusti-ating by its polished specimens the rock formation 
of the State from the older Laurentian system to the base of the coal 
measure. "\^^ithin the pavilion, which occupied a space of 1,891 feet, 
were the specimens of all the rocks, minerals and soils of the State, 
supplemented by the conunereial products derived from them. jS^ear 
the center of the west gallery was the miueralogical collection of the 
ISIew York State museum, the product of years of patient collection 
and research. 

In the northeast gallery was the relief map of the State of "New 
York. This map, probably the largest of its kind ever constructed in 
the United States, was made for the Board of General Managers by 
Ward's Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, IST. Y., under the 
direction of Henry L. Ward. 

There being no complete survey of the State it was necessary to 
make numerous corrections to existing maps in regard to the location 
of towns, etc., and to comi^ile from multitudinous sources a table of 
altitudes. Published lists, engineer's copies of existing or proposed 
railr(jad and canal profiles, data collected by various cities and engineers 
and surveyors all over the State were brought together, reduced to 
mean tide level and became the basis from which the map was built. 
All the maps and data bearing on the subject published bj^ the United 
States and State surveys and departments were utilized, and hundreds 
of communications passed between the maker and surveyors and 
engineers all over the State, in order to incorporate all the reliable 
data possible. A vast amount of labor was expended in this part of 
the work, but the result was highly satisfactory, as much more data 
was olitained than was supposed to exist. The construction of the map 
was begun July 15, 1892, and with the combined work of twenty -two 
persons finished April 20, 1893. The extreme measurements of the 
map are, from north to south, twenty-six feet two and three-fourths 
inches, from east to west, thirty-five feet two and three-fourths inches. 
The greatest relief, "!Mount Marcy, is about ten and one-half inches. 

The amount of variation in the surface of the State displayed by the 
map was a revelation to many persons. One may have crossed the 
State in various directions and yet have a very poor idea of its topog- 
raplry, because the ordinary routes of travel run, as a rule, through 



78 New York at the Wokld's CoLUinsiAN Exposition. 

wide valleys that give little indication of the heights of the hills not 
far removed. Looking down npon the map the mountains of the Cats- 
kills and Adirondacks with the ridge connecting them are seen tc form 
a harrier between Lake Ontario and the sea, which is pierced at Little 
Falls by the steej? and narrow pass of the Mohawk, the existence of 
which made the building of the Erie canal a pbssibility. Alongside of 
the high peaks of the Adirondacks are deep precijjitous valleys, often 
'partially filled with water, forming the wonderful series of lakes here 
represented. One of these valleys, larger and deeper than the rest, 
holds Lake Chamjjlain, the bottom of which is over 100 feet below sea 
level. Near the southern border of the State can be traced the great 
watershed between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic. In one place 
this approaches within about five miles of Lake Erie. That is to say, 
at this point rises a sti-eam that eventually finds its way through the 
Ohio and Mississipj)i rivers into the Gulf of MJexico. 

The frame of the map and all extra-limital parts of the cast are 
brought down to sea level, thus affording an easy mode of comparing 
the heights near the border. The principal altitudes are marked in 
plain figures representing feet. The canals are all made one-fourth of 
an inch wide so as to be easily seen. Their locks are represented by 
changes in altitude corresponding to the lift or drop of the lock 
depicted. While it is not claimed that the map is founded on perfect 
data, as such are not obtainable until the tojDographical survey of the 
State is completed, yet every precaution was taken to exclude errors. 

The mines and mining exhibit received ninety awards. 

Teanspoetation Building. 

Two thousand four hundred and fifty square feet of space was occu- 
pied by New York for a collective exhibit in this building. Erom the 
nature of the display the bulk of the exhibits was necessarily shown 
by firms and corporations in the carrying trade, but many important 
features from a comparative and historical point of view could only be 
supplied by the State commission. 

The organization and improvement of the highways of commerce 
throughout the State, and their recognized agency in contributing to 
the development of the West, further justified a special exhibit in the 
department of transportation. The first successful application of 
steam to the propulsion of vessels, made in New York waters in 1807, 
the construction of the Erie canal, 1817 to 1825, and the first regular 



Report of Boaed of General Maxagees. 79 

passenger railway train over tlie Albany and Moliawk railroad in 1831, 
were events whicli made the history of New York illustrious in the 
early struggle for commercial supremacy. The distinguished inventors 
who have kept the State at the front, of whom the list of awards is a 
partial recognition, were well represented in the individual exhibits. 

The exhibit by the State coniprisetl a relief map, fifty \>y fifteen 
feet, scale two inches to the mile, of the section intersected by the Erie 
canal. This map, made under the supervision of the State Engineer, 
showed at a glance the system of water supply, and justified engineer- 
ing science in the location and construction of that great public work. 
To contribute historical as well as present interest, a model was 
shown of an original wooden lock, made at Little Falls in 1795, with 
an elaborate model (scale one-tliirtieth) of the latest standard enlai-ged 
lock of the Erie canal. Photographs were collected illustrating early 
modes of travel, by reproductions from sketches, and showing the pres- 
ent method of delivering the immense freights floated eastward by 
canal ; one picture represented a typical tow on the Hudson, Novem- 
ber 26, 1893, of sixty-four boats aggregating 12,630 tons. The aque- 
ducts over the Genesee at Rochester and over the Mohawk at Crescent 
and Rexford Flats were shown b}' photographs. To the water system 
exhibit was added a large map, specially prepared, of the extensive rail- 
way system of the State, showing eighty-two railways, wdth a total 
mileage of 8,T2tl:.88 miles. This exhibit, donated to the State museum, 
is the nucleus of what it is to be hoped will become a complete collec- 
tion which shall illustrate every stage of progress in the methods and 
appliances of passenger and freight trans^jortation. The resources of 
the offices of the Superintendent of Puhlic Works and the State Engi- 
neer and Surveyor were freely placed at the disposition of the board of 
managers and much valuable material obtained from them. 

The collective exhibit at the exposition was supplemented by individ- 
ual and commercial exhibits of s-reat value. Tliat of the New York 
Central and Hudson River Railroad Company is worthy of special 
mention. It combined the reproduction of the historic locomotive 
'• ])e "Witt Clinton " and the coaches of 1831 with a fully equipped 
modern passenger train of express, drawing-room and sleeping cars, 
attached to locomotive No. 999, with a record of 112 miles an hour. 

The whole number of awards granted New York in this dejjartmeut 
was seventy-three. 



so New Yokk at the World's Columbiax Exposition. 

Palace of T'ine Aets. 

The place assumed by New York in the An:erican section of the 
fine arts exhibit was extremely gratifying to New York pride, and 
empliasized particularly the fact that New York city is the acknowl- 
edged art center of the New World. Out of the 36,000 teet of space 
reserved for American exhibits, New Y'ork occupied 21,000 feet. 

The art bureau of the State of New Y'ork was composed ot the 
New Y'ork members of the Federal advisory committee for fine arts. 
Mr. J. Q. A. Ward was chief and Wm. B. Tuthill, secretary. By 
their energetic management 2,137 works of art were submitted to rhe 
bureau for their judgment, of which number 1,349 were selected and 
forwarded to Chicago for exhibition. In addition 306 works of art 
were placed at the disposal of the bureau for the loan exhibition. 

The high grade of excellence displayed in the works and the wise 
selection of the bm-eau were fully attested by the juries of award, 
which granted eighty-six New Y'ork artists medals and diplomas, cover 
iug 5i0 pieces, or nearly one-half the number placed on exhibition 

MaNUFACTUEES BmLDINCS. 

Lihcral Artt< D^'jMi/'hnoif, Edxbcational Exlnhlt. In the center of 
the south gallery, on the bridge leading out from the department 
offices, was the exhibit of the schools and colleges of the State. This 
was by far the largest exhibit gathered under the auspices of the 
State board and one of the most satisfactory. It occupied 13,764- feet. 
or one-seventh of all the space devoted to education, and embraced a 
complete exhibit of the educational work of the State from kindergai'- 
ten to university. The director of the exhibit was Secretary Melvil 
Dewey of the University of the State of New York, with Howard J. 
Kogers, of Albany, assistant. 

The installation of the exhibit was particularly effective, the broad 
aisles and roomy alcoves, richly furnished and artistically arranged, 
giving it an attractive appearance beyond anything attained elsewhere 
in the department. The exhibit became the headquarters for New 
Y'orkers at the south end of the grounds. The educational depart- 
ment was created by the Board of General Managers the latest of all 
the siib-departments, but by the energy of its director. Secretary Mel- 
vil Dewey, who had at his command all the machinery of the State 
Universitv, and liis executive staff an exhibit far exceeding any other 



Kepoet of Boaed of General Managers. SI 

State's "was gathered, in an incredibly short time. Eighteen cities and 
towns made collective exhibits in addition to •n-hich 142 individual 
Echoiils, five manual training schools, 373 academies and union schools 
and twenty-eight colleges contribiited to the success of the display. 
Some idea of the size of the exhibit may be obtained when it is stated 
that it weighed 115,900 pounds and required nine cars to transfer it 
from Chicago to Albany. The figures here given do not include the 
exhibit, of Xew York schools for deaf, blind and feeble minded, art 
schools and business colleges, all of which, under individual auspices, 
made exhibits situated in the west gallery ; nor does it include the 
parochial schools of New York, which formed so large a percentage of 
the Catholic exhibit in the east gallery. !New York had all the usual 
material pertaining to educational exhibits, liu.t was rich in special fea- 
tures ne\'er before brought out. For a complete description of these 
reference must be made to the detailed report from that department in 
the latter part of this volume. 

Xew York took 401 awards in the liberal arts department, 174 of 
which were in the educational division. Other exhibits made in this 
building, under the auspices of the board, were the relief map of Lake 
George and vicinity, famous in the early history of our country, and a 
large photographic exhibit of public monuments in the State erected 
in memory of soldiers, sailors and distinguished men. These were 
situated in the northeast gallery. 

Woi'l<:ingman's 2Iodel Home. Allied to this department, thougli 
of necessity not in the building, was the workingman's model home 
located in tlie southern part of the grounds, and in charge of Miss 
Katherine B. Davis. From an economic standpoint this was one of 
the most valuable exhibits on the grounds, as it demonstrated the 
ability of a" workingman to support a family of five (wife and four 
children) on a wage earnmg of $500 a year. This was not a theo- 
retical tabulation of figures and conditions, but a practical, example. 
A family of six was supported throughout the exposition months at 
pro rata cost in a most successful manner. The bills of fare price 
of food, clothing, etc., wei-e tal)ulated and kept for reference and a 
model home run on strictly business principles. The house was a 
two-story frame building, representing one that could be built and 
rented by a capitalist at a rate not exceeding ten dollars a month ; or 
it could be built \>y the workman himself in New York State, outside 
11 



82 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

of New York city, for §1,000. The exhibit was the idea of Hon, 
John Boyd Thacher, a member of this board, and was developed on 
the lines devised by him. 

Cooking School Exhihit. At the south end of the Anthropological 
Building was the New York State exhibit in sanitary and hygienic 
cookery, prepared under the auspices of the women's board. Practical 
illustrations were given daily in matters belonging to housekeeping, 
special attention being given to the preparation of foods for invalids 
and children. There was also an exhibit of lionsehold articles invented 
by women. The exhibit was in charge of Miss Juliet Corson, of New 
York city. 

Anthropological Building. 

Exhibits of Gharitahle, Correctional and Penal Institutions. 
These exhibits were distributed over a large section of the southern 
portion of the building, and comprehended the entire scope and char- 
acter of the methods of dealing with ■ the defective, delinquent and 
dependent classes of the State. The exhibits included pictures, photo- 
graphs and charts of the Bntfalo State Hospital for tlie Insane, a model 
of the Utica Asylum, an exhibit of the Willard Asylum, and oi the 
Binghamton State Hospital for the Insane. There was a complete 
exhibit of the work done at the State Industrial School at Hochester, 
and a large model of tlie Elmira Reformatory. 

There was also an exhibit from the New York House of Kefuge, 
from the ITebrew Orphan Benevolent Association, the Hebrew Teclmi 
cal Institute, the St. John's Gruild Floating Hospital of New York, a 
model of tlie Letcliworth plan for an almshouse, the Fitch Creche of 
Buffalo, and tlie Soldiers' and Sailors' Home of Bath. 

yatural llhtory Exhihit. In the gallery there was a large exhibit 
of mammals, shells, etc., from the State museum, and the skeleton of 
the celebrated Cohoes mastodon. 

Health, Water and Quarantwie Exhibits. On the lirst floor of this 
building, in the department of hygiene, were exhibited the quarantine 
system of New York State, and the city water supply from the Croton 
aqueducts. The exhibit consisted of charts, maps, photographs, model 
of crematory, etc. The exhibits of the State board of health, and of 
the board of health of New York city, were also to be fonnd here. 



Report of Board of General Managers. 83 

Indian Exhibit. Between the Leather Building and the South Pond, 
near the old -whaling ship, was an exhihit of the Iroquois confederacy, 
with representatives from each of the Six iS^ations. The small village 
erected occupied 8,250 square feet. Twelve of the lineal descendants of 
the founders of the famous confederacy whose supremacy was felt from 
the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and whose alliance with the English 
rendered easy the rapid development of central New York, were 
present throughout the fair. Their exhibit comprised wigwams built 
in ancient style, canoes, fancy wood and bead work and a fao simile 
of the historic long house or ho-da-no-sau-nee in which their councils 
were held. Side by side with these reminders of the historic past were 
the products of the peaceful pursuits of the present day and statistical 
information on the growth in wealth and industries of the various 
tribes. Illustrations were given of the customs, life and folk lore of 
the Iroquois at various times during the exposition. The exhibit was 
in charge of Eev. John W. Sanborn, of Naples. 

Forestry Building. 

This exhibit of woods from trees native to the State Avas in the 
southern portion of the Forestry Building on the lake front and occupied 
1,566 square feet. It was by far the most scientific of any of the forest 
displays. It not only gave log sections cut so as to sliow bark and 
grain, but sections of the wood showing transverse, radial and tangen- 
tial views of the grain, so thin as to be translucent and hence revealing 
the characteristic structure. The exhibit was admirably ari-anged to 
bring out all these special features and attracted wide attention for its 
compactness, thoroughness and scientific value. It was prepared and 
supervised by Romeyn B. Hough, of Lowville. 

Government Building. 

In the rotunda of the Government Building were thirteen large 
panels which were at the disposal of the thirteen original States for 
a display of colonial and historical relics and curios. New York's 
was specially attractive in interesting relics owing to the broad and 
rich domain of early New York history and to the exertions and 
intluence of Mrs. Jones, of the Board of Women Managers, and Mr. 
Thacher, of the Board of General Managers, in securing the loan, of 
articles for the exhibition, and in bringing many famous mementoes 
froiu their hiding places. 



84 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Prominent among the articles exhibited were the Washington relics 
from the State library, autographs of tlie Presidents and the sign- 
ers of the Declaration of Independence, original model of Fulton's 
" Clermont," and the wampum belt commemorative of the first treaty 
and alliance of the Six jSTations of New York, and now in the posses- 
sion of Hon. John Boyd Thacher, of Albany. 

Woman's Building. 
Nearly every department in this building contained exhibits gathered 
by the State Board of Women Managers, but New York's special feature 
was the library room which was furnished magnificently by the New 
York board. Five thousand dollars was granted by the Board of Gen- 
eral Managers for this purpose. The ceiling, designed and executed by 
Dora Wheeler Keith, and the collection of books written by women 
native to or resident in New York were the chief features. 

Exhibits of Special Peominence. 
Although the foregoing exhibits were all, strictly speaking, that were 
prepared under the supervision of the Board of General Managers, there 
were several exhibits from New York, so specially noteworthy from 
their size, beauty, and the credit they reflected on the State as to 
demand more than a passing mention. In four departments, viz., 
macliinery, manufactures, electricity and fisheries, the Board of Gen- 
eral Managers depended entirely upon private individuals to fully 
represent the State, and in no wise aided them financially. The trans- 
portation exhibit also was chiefly the work of individual companies. 
The confidence of the board in the enterprise of New Yorkers was not 
misplaced, and in every one of the five departments the exhibits from 
this State were on a par with other States and countries, and in some 
far surpassed them. While the general average was so completely 
satisfactory to New York pride the incomparable excellence of a few 
exhibits was a source of special gratification. Such were the exhibits 
of Tiffany & Co., Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company, the Gorham 
Manufacturing Company, and Gunther's fur exhibit in the Manufac- 
tures Building; Ward's natural science exhibit in the Antliropological 
and Mines and Mining buildings ; the General Electric Company in 
the Electricity Building ; the Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. 
engine exhibit, the Henry E.. Worthington pumping machinery exhibit 
in the Machinery Building ; and the New York Central exhibit in the 
Transportation Building. 



Beport of Boaed of General ^Iaxagers. 85 

The entrance to the American section in the center of the Manu- 
factures Building was a tribute to the public spirit and enterprise of 
three Xew Toi-k hrms. Tiffany & Co., Gorham Manufacturing Com- 
pany and the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company. They assumed 
the responsibility of erecting a pavilion which would worthily represent 
the United States when contrasted with those of England, Germany 
and France, on the other three sections foi-med by the central aisles ; 
an undertaking which the United States government would not per- 
form, and which the Chicago management through lack of funds could 
not do. The pavilion suggested the colonial style of architecture, and 
was surmounted by a Corinthian column supporting a globe upon 
whicli rested the national eagle. It was designed by Architect John 
Du Fais, of JS^ew York ; the structure was by far the most extensive 
in the United States section. 

The exhibit made by Messrs. Tiffany & Co., gold and silversmiths 
of Xew York city, althougli a coi'poration of this State, was essen- 
tially a national exhibit, as it was the skill of their artists and artisans 
that brought to this country, for successive periods, the highest awards 
for art metal work from the art center of the world, the Grand Prix 
having been awarded to their products at the Paris expositions of 1878 
ami 1889. 

At the "World's Columbian Exposition their display consisted of five 
distinct exhibits. The main one in the Tiffany pavilion, in the center 
of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, represented an invest- 
ment of about $1,000,000, and was one of the notable features of the 
fair. The famous central case of diamonds, with the 8100,C00 i-evolv- 
ing Tiffany gem, the Canary diamond girdle, and hundreds of smaller 
pieces brilliant with gems, the silver magnolia vase with its marvelous 
enamelling, the several astronomical clocks, the display of geins in the 
rough, the fine stationery and illuminated work, the electro silver-]:ilated 
ware, and the extraordinary display of sterling silver services and indi- 
vidual pieces, have all become fixtures associated with the l\"orkrs Fair 
in the minds of its millions of visitors. 

In the ilines and Mining Building the firm liad a verv costlv and 
complete plant in connection with the De Beers diamond mining 
exhibit, showincr the diamond-cutting arts, and illustratingr everv stage 
in the evolution of the diamond from the pebble as found in the rough 
to the polished gem in the showcase. Tliis proved an extraordinary 
attraction. In the galleries of the Mines Building the house had two 



86 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

other exliiljits, one of cnt and uncut precious stones and gems, and a 
metallurgical collection illustrating the alloys of gold, silver and other 
metals and by-prodncts. 

Another very interesting display made by the firm was in connection 
with the United States national museum exhibit in the Government 
Building ; their exhibit here consisted of a collection of rare and 
unusual leathers and skins of l;)irds, beasts, fish and fowl. 

The exhibit of the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company' iUustrated 
most forcibly two points of great importance : the marked advance the 
decorative arts have made in the United States since the Centennial 
Ex2)osition at Philadelphia in 1876, and the increased number of 
appreciative spectators. 

The exhibit was particularly strong in sliowmg the value of glass as 
a decorative material, especially in ecclesiastical art ; this was made 
evident through the medium of a completely equipped chapel, con- 
structed on Romanesque or Northern Byzantine lines, from tlie design 
of Mr. Louis C. Tiifany. The altar, retables and reredos were largely 
composed of glass mosaic in a setting of marble, enriched by inlays of 
mother-of-pearl, semi-precious and precious stones. The body of the 
altar was made of 150,000 pieces of flat, cream white opalescent glass 
in quarter-inch squares ; this field of mosaic was relieved and orna- 
mented with emblems and symbolic devices in various rich substances; 
the risers of the retable were filled with gold glass mosaic of the same 
size as that in the body of the altar and carrying inscriptions in flat 
opalescent glass ; the reredos was in strong contrast to the altar both ia 
color and in handling of the mosaic, yet most pleasing and artistic ; in 
a wide setting of black marble there was a symbolic picture composed 
of iridescent glass mosaic, which gave forth blue, green and golden 
scintillations of pearl-like light. The mosaic pieces in this picture, in 
place of being squares, were made to follow the design, were large in 
siae, and resembled in construction that species of mosaic the ancient 
Romans termed Alexandrine. Attached to and overshadowing the 
reredos there was a semi-ciboriura, constructed of a series of receding 
round arches, the soffit of each arch falling below the one imuiediately 
next to it, in that way exposing a number of faces and enhancing the 
perspective ; the whole was overlaid with gold, enriched with ornaments 
in relief, set with jewels, made brilliant with inscriptions and inlays of 
colored and gold glass mosaic. These arches rested uuon twelve columns 
whose metal caps were made precious with relief ornament upon a back- 



liEPORT OF B(JAED OF GeXEKAL MaXAGEES. 87 

ground of colored glass mosaic, and astragals of jewels set in gold ; 
while the shafts, resting upon bases and plinths of black naarble, were 
made of 200,000 qnarter-inch squares of transparent glass mosaic of 
red, green and brownish tones, worked to six different patterns having 
the cross as the general motive. The risers of the mai'ble steps leading 
to the pedella of the altar carried ornaments and inscriptions in glass 
mosaic. 

Hanging from the roof of the chapel there were three globe like 
sanctuary lamps made of rich deep green glass, very thick and faceted 
at every 2:)oint, resembling immense emeralds. The chapel was illumi- 
nated by a number of veiy beautiful colored glass windows, in which 
were to be seen not only various figures of holy pei-sonages, but the 
very latest improvements and discoveries in glass in leading and con- 
struction ; moreover, they were all built upon the mosaic system, the 
effect of light and shade having been obtained by the inequality of the 
surface of the glass, and there was an entire absence of paint, stains 
and enamels except in the faces and hands of the figures. 

All the glass work in this exhibit of whatever kind, mosaic, windows, 
lamps, etc., made plain to all the great improvement that has been 
made in America over all similar European work, the vast range of 
color and its artistic application to decorative purposes. 

In addition there were many objects in this exhibit of great merit 
and originality of design in wood, metal, marble, upholsteries and 
embroideries. That the exhibit was appreciated was apparent to all, 
not only from the numl)er of peo]3le that entered the chapel, a little 
over 1,400,000 by actual count, but also from the questions asked, the 
remarks made and the words of approval heard from every side. The 
leading American and foreign art critics pi'onounced it a success both 
from an artistic and educational point of view, while ecclesiastics and 
lovers of Christian art v.'ere unaiiimous in their ijraise. 

The exhibit of the Gorhaui ^lanufacturing Company occupied 
3.700 square feet of surface, and within that space was disjjlayed the 
examples of their productions in solid silver work and other metals, 
prepared especially fijr the Columbian Exposition. Thei'e was shown 
sterling silverware in all articles from the smallest piece weighing less 
than an ounce to the great statue of Columbus, which required in the 
casting 30,000 ounces of the precious metal ; there were departments 
devoted to exam])les of their electroplated wares ; cutlery, leatlier arti- 
cles silver mounted, ecclesiastical wares in silver and various metals, 



88 New York at the "Wcjrld's Columbian Exposition. 

fine cnt glass with silver mounts, enamels on silver and on bronze, 
bronzes, medals, decorated pottery with carved silver covering, chests 
and cases for silver of woods, lea.tliers and fabrics. Forty-seven awards 
for superiority and excellence were granted to the Gorhani Manufactur- 
ing Company for this exhibit, which was probably the most extensive 
and valuable of its class ever made by one exhibitor at any exposition, 
and i-epresents the development of their business, which was started in 
Providence, R. I., in 1795. 

C. G. Gunther's Sons' fur exhibit was striking and exceedingly artistic ; 
remarkable as well for its unequalled appointments and general arrange- 
ment as for the imposing array of furs. One thousand six hundred 
sqtiare feet were occupied, mainly in the form of a raised platform 
approached at each of the four corners by handsome mahogany steps, 
guarded bv superbly-mounted wolves and bears posing as attendants, 
witli silver salvers containing the firm's cards, etc., extended toward the 
visitor. From the center of the platform and from the four corners 
rose tall, artistically-carved pillars nineteen feet in height, the center 
one being wound with bands of rich fur trimmings in the national colors 
and surmounted by a superior specimen of the black bear standing on 
a large terrestrial glass globe electrically illuminated, the animal hold- 
ing an electric torch. The other four pillars supported a large collec- 
tion of beautifully-mounted heads of deer, buffalo, moose and caribou, 
and were each crowned by a mounted American eagle. 

The cases containing the manufactured furs were marvels in them- 
selves. Two of these (horse shoe shaped) surrounded the central 
pillar, and around each side of the platform were arranged four other 
cases with handsome domes, the glass sashes of which were remarkable 
for their length of sixteen feet. All around were arranged superb 
specimens of mounted animals, and the exhibit was indescribably rich 
in sables, sea otters and other costly furs in creations of every descrip- 
tion known to the trade, besides many unique and beautiful novelties. 
The firm received in all seventeen awards. 

The exhibit made by the General Electric Company, whose immense 
factory at Schenectady is such a striking feature on the line of the New 
York Central railroad, was the largest and most comjarehensive elec- 
trical exhibit at the exposition. It emphasized the pre-eminence of this 
great New York concern in the diifereut electrical branches of railways, 
lighting, motors, mining, transmission of power over long distances, 
etc. In I'ailways, it exhibited a complete and comprehensive line of 



^42^^ 



.«^-8f 



:^} 







«,« VWj^ivi^il^ 




FACADE TO AMERICAN SECTION MANUFACTURES BUILDING, Fuu Height 



Kepoet of Board of General Managers. 89 

apparatus, from the smallest line insulator up to the largest electrical 
dynamo iu the world. It installed, with apparatus solely of its own 
make, the famous intramural railway, which carried around the exposi- 
tion as many as 150,000 people in one day. In the power house of this 
railway were gathered examples of its diiferent types of raih\'ay dyna- 
mos, from the 200 kilowatt up to the large one above mentioned, four 
sisters of whicli are now operating the Brooklyn street railways. 

In electric lighting, the exhibit projser comprised a complete history 
of the evolution of the Edison incandescent lamp, shov/ing, by concrete 
examples, the thousands of experiments wdiicli its present perfection 
necessitated. The tower of light, situated hi the center of the Electricity 
Building, and studded with tliousauds of lamps, which, lighted, formed 
an apotheosis of electrical incandescent lighting ; an extensive exhibit of 
all the many different electric lighting devices, such as cut-outs, 
switches, regulators, etc. ; and a complete exhibit of different forms of 
meters for measuring the amount of current consumed iu every kind 
of work to which it has been applied, were notable. Prominent in the 
latter group was the Thomson recording watt meter, which was awarded 
the prize in France as better than any meter which the skilled elec- 
tricians in Europe had been able to devise. 

In Electricity Building also the General Electric Company exhibited a 
complete model arc ligliting station, comprising many machines with all 
the accessory appliances, driven by a 250 horse power motor, the largest 
shown at the exposition. It also exhibited an immense arc ligliting plant 
for service purposes in Machinery Hall, whicli was used to illuminate the 
grounds* and the vast interior of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts 
Building hj means of the five great coronas of light suspended in tlie 
arched roof. On tlie colonade, facing the Illinois State Building, was 
set the great search light, with a mirror five feet in diameter, reflecting 
a beam of light witli an intensity of millions of candle power. In 
Electricity Building, and on the top of the Casino and Music Hall, were 
other searcli lights, fully equal iu operation and workmansliip to the 
productions of tlie best European workshops. 

Its mining exhil)it comprised electric locomotives for mine haulage, 
electric drills, both percussion and diamond, electric pumps, electric 
ventilators, electric coal cutters, and other devices. Here, also, was 
shown a complete power transmission plant, in which an electric pump 
fed water to a Pelton water wheel, wliich turned a three-phase dynamo. 
This in turn fed current to a bank of step-up transformers, whicli trans- 
12 



90 I^KW York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

formed the current up to a very high pressure. It was then carried on 
bare conductors across tlie space to another bank of transformers, and, 
being there transformed down to a low pressure, was fed to a series of 
incandescent lamps, arc lam])s and motors. This system is the only one 
in successful operation for power transmission purposes in the United 
States. The motor exhibit was scattered everywhere throughout the 
exposition, nearly every motor used being of this company's mannf actnre. 

Other features of interest were the beautiful electric fountains, 
designed by Lnther S. Stieringer, which formed such a conspicuous 
attraction in the Grand Court at night, the thirty-ton electric locomotive, 
the first ever on the steam railroads, and the small motors used to pro- 
pel the electric launches on the canal and lagoons. 

Tlie New York Central and Hudson River railroad exhibit, already 
referred to under the transportation department, was replete witli tech- 
nical excellence and scientific devices and improvements. The famous 
engine, " No. 999," which had developed a hitherto unprecedented 
speed of 112 miles an hour while actached to the regular '• Empire 
State express " train, was the chief feature. The description and weight 
of this engine is as follows : Weight of engine in working order, 12-i,000 
pounds ; weight on di-ivers, Sl-,000 pounds ; weight on truck, 40,000 
pounds ; weight on tender, 80,000 pounds ; cyluiders, 19x24 inches ; 
flues (2-inch), 268; heating surface, 1,697 square feet; diameter of 
driving M'lieels, 8(5 inches. The engine is equipped with air brakes, 
whistle signal and steam heat. 

In addition there were also exhibited three standard passenger cars, 
consisting of a comljination smoking and buffet car and two coaches, all 
similar to those running on the Empire State express train. These 
cars were built at the West Albany shops, liaving six-wheel trucks with 
steel-tired thirfy ai.v-inch wheels. T'uej' •~er'^ equipped with air brake, 
whistle signal, steam heat and Pintsch gas. 

The tracks upon which the " exhibit cars " stood showed the New 
York Central standard double track roadbed, of eighty-pound steel 
rail on yellow pine cross ties, laid on broken stone ballast, with its stand- 
ard thirty-six inch angle plate splice joint, secured by six steel bolts 
with cold rolled Harvey grip screws, and in connection with the same 
an exhibit was made of a sample of an improved " screw and clip " 
fastening, devised by its chief engineer, for securing the rails to cross 
ties to take the place of the ordinary connnou track spike. There was 
also displayed a single section of thirty feet in length of its standard 



Report or Board of General Managers. 91 

track and roadbed of lOO-poiuid rails on steel cross ties, with liroken 
stone ballast, a sample of section Xo. 1 extending from Grand Central 
yard to Mott Haven. 

An interesting feature from a historical standpoint and forming a 
striking comparison with the metl^ods of ordinary rail locomotion, was 
the working model of the first successful engine ever run in Xew York 
State, the " De Witt Clinton,"' together with the coaches. 

"Watd's Jfatural Science Establishment, of Rochester, K. Y., made 
one of the largest private exhibits at the exposition. Their exhibits of 
rocks and marbles occupied the north end of the west gallery of the 
Mining Building, and their exhibits of minerals and meteorites the south 
end of the east gallery of the same building. The entire south gallery 
of the Anthropology Building was filled hy their collections of fossils, 
casts of celebrated fossils, shells and corals, mounted skins of mam- 
mals, birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes, and mounted skeletons of 
the same classes. Below this, on the ground tloor, was their exhibit of 
human anatomy, consisting of mounted and disarticulate skeletons and 
parts of skeletons and anatomical models. 

Besides these exhibits there were numerous archaeological and ethno- 
logical objects loaned by them to the chief of the anthropological 
department and exhibited under his auspices. The exhibits by this 
establishment were part of one great systematic coliection of natui-al 
history that was thus divided into sections because sufficient room to 
exhibit it as a whole could n<.it be obtained in any single building of 
the exposition. The main divisions of the collection were : Mineral- 
og}-, geology and petrology, palisontology, invertebrate zoology, verte- 
brate zoology, comparative anatomy and human anatomy. Each one 
of these divisions was a carefully planned unit by itself, covering the 
ground of each science as thoroughly and evenly as possible and still 
keeping the value (S 100,000) within the purchasing means of some of 
the larger institutions of the country. Care was taken in each of 
these divisions to present in a thorough manner all aspects of the 
science, whether biological or geological sequence and relationships, 
geographical distribution and individual and geographical variations. 
The classifications used in the various branches were those of the 
recoiiuized modern leaders in these divisions. 

Tvpicai and characteristic specimens were largely i-epresented, inter- 
spersed here and there with rarities whei-e necessary to present the 
different subjects in the most thorough manner possible. Much care 



92 JN E\v York at the World's Coluiibiax Exposition. 

was exercised to exclude all poor and iiidiffereiit material. Xuiiierous 
models, charts aud pictures further served to elucidate the different sub- 
jects and facilitate their mastery by the student. The subject of 
mouutin2;s and labelino- received careful attention ; aud while lack of 
space rendered impossible the use of many large explanatory labels, 
yet the principal points of scientific intei-est were clearly noted on each 
specimen. This was the largest single collection of natural history 
material ever brought together in this country at one time, and its 
acquisition by the Columbian Musuem of Chicago gives that institution 
a leading place among the natural history museums of America. 

Besides this main collection were exhibited small collections of 
minerals, rocks, fossils, invertebrate animals and vertebrate auimals 
designed for class room use in colleges, academies and union schools. 
Each of these was a unit in itself, presenting a complete outline of the 
branch it was designed to teach. In these low-priced collections great 
care was manifested in the careful selection of important type 
material, the even manner in which each subject was covered and the 
good quality, clear labeling and tasty mountings of the specimens. 
Thirteen awards were taken by this exhibit. 

The Xew York State Building. 

The ci'owning feature of Xew York's display at the fair was the 
State Building. It occupied one of the most promhient and attractive 
sites in Jackson Park, and the Board of General Managers wish to place 
on record here, in behalf of the people of the State, their deep obliga- 
tion to Director-General George R. Davis for reserving this space for 
New York. At the date of the organization of this board the time 
allowed for the filing of plans for State buildings had nearly expired, 
and it was only through the insistence of Director-General Davis, who 
publicly and privately proclaimed that jSTew York would yet come 
grandly to the front, that the beautiful and commanding site opposite 
the Art Gallery was retained for New York's use. The building was 
planned with a view to its being a place of resort for citizens of Xew 
York visiting the exposition, and as a center for the dissemination of 
information regarding Xew York exhibits. It was primarily intended 
for the comfort, accommodation and convenience of the people ; for 
meetings of State associations specially interested in any of the great 
departments of the exposition, and as a place where receptions could be 
given to Xew York societies .and to the representatives of other States. 




o 

c 









Kepoet of Boaed of General Maxaoeks. 93 

"Within its walk were gathered, in addition to works of art liaving a 
si^ecial appropriateness to its scheme of decoration, articles of interest, 
paintings, etc., illustrating the history and notable cliaracteristics of the 
State. The magnificent proportions and the elaborate plan of external 
and internal decoration adopted for the structure were eminently 
appropriate to the representative clmracter wliich it possessed at the 
World's Fair. Belonging to the period of the new Ijirth of learning 
and of ftrt, out i:if which grew the conditions that made tlie discovery liy 
Columbus jjossible, it was a visible embodiment of tlie taste, the refine- 
ment and the wealth of the Florence of the Medici, and stood for some 
of the noblest ideals that have sprung from the union of a lucrative 
commerce with an enlightened civic jiride. In the estimation of the 
most discriminating judges, no more fitting representation could have 
been made of the presence of the State of Xew York at the congress 
of nations. Ob\'iously, therefore, one of tlie subjects which first 
demanded the attention of the board, after its organization, was tlie 
adoption of plans for the State building, inasmuch as the time had 
nearly expired within which, under the rules of the exposition, these 
should be filed, and as it was contemplated that all building operation, 
in Jackson Park should be completed in time for the dedicatory services 
in October, 1892. The space reserved was at once accepted, and, ten 
days after the first meeting of the board, plans for the State building 
were submitted by Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, architects of New 
York city. To invite and consider competitive plans in so short a time 
was out of the question, and the only course open to the board was to 
select architects of acknowledged eminence and to commit to them the 
work of designing such a building as would fitly represent the Empire 
State. The board was fortunate in being able to secure the services of 
Messi-s. McKim, Mead & White. These gentlemen, as architects of 
tlie Agricultural Building, were thoroughly familiar with the conditions 
governing the erection of the exposition structures, and made the execu- 
tion of the work committed to them a matter of State as well as pro- 
fessional pride. The plans were finally approved May i, 1892, after 
being amended in liarmony with tlie suggestions of the board, and 
specifications were ordered to be prepared in conformity with them. 

For the purpose of opening bids and awarding the contract for the 
erection of the State building, a meeting of the board was held, in 
Chicago on June 3, 1892. The lowest bidders were found to lie the 
George A. Fuller Company of Chicago, and a contract was accordingly 



94 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

made with tlieui. As the symbol and embodiment of the official pres- 
ence of the State at the World's Fair, the design of the building was 
necessarily the subject of a great deal of thought on the part alike of 
the Board of General Managers and the architects. New York had at 
least this advantage, in coming in late — the plans of the States that 
were to be its neighbors had been fully determined. It was found that 
these had been affected entirely by local historical associations, and it 
was evident that if ISTew York were to follow tlieir lead -the result 
would be a kind of architectural conglomerate, in liarmon}' neither 
with itself nor the carefully considered scheme of the great exposition 
structures. In point of fact, there were more failures than successes 
in Jackson Park in the attempted reproduction of historical buildings 
in unfamiliar surroundings, and in the opinion of all discriminating 
critics, ISTew York did wisely in refusing to join in this competition. 
The State had a magnificent opportunity presented to her in the con- 
spicuous site reserved for her occupancy, immediately opposite the 
center of the Art Building, a distinction in which Pennsylvania alone 
shared. It was, therefore, decided to associate the State building in its 
architectural design rather with the main exposition than with the 
unrelated congeries of State headquarters. That point being determined, 
the selection of the style of the Italian Renaissance naturally resulted ; 
for, besides opening up the widest range of opportunity in treatment, it 
assured for the building a monumental and dignitied character, adajated 
alike for reception purposes and sunnner occupation. The next step 
was to find a type which would best fulfill all the requirements of the 
case. For many reasons, that of the Villa Medici, with necessary 
modifications, was adopted, its royal accessories suggesting an appro- 
priate headquarters for the Empire State, no less than a striking archi- 
tectural foil for the noble proportions and outline of the Art Building 
opposite. 

In thus establishino' the relation of New York State with the main 
enterprise, and by giving its building something of the monumental 
chai-acter in scale and other attributes which made the external side of 
the exhibition what it was, it is not intended in the least to disparage 
the excellent and creditable representation of several of the States in 
their buildings. But for the very reason which gave the chief struc- 
tures of the fair tlieir artistic unity, namely, a policy agreed on in 
advance and closely adhered to in the case of the Court of Honor, 
where all the buildings were constructed under certain restrictions, the 



Kepobt of Board of General Managers. 95 

absence of sucli policy or coliesiou and agreement upon the part of 
different States made it a foregone conclusion that the treatment of tlie 
territory alloted to the States must result at the best in architectural 
confusion. Through the employ nient of the style of Italian Renais- 
sance, it also became possible to make use of the roof as a garden, with 
pots and shrubbery, from which a commanding view of the lake and 
surrounding exhibition (enjoyed by none of the other buildings) could 
be obtained. 

The area of the State building was 14,538 square feet exclusive of 
terrace and porticos, which covered an additional area of 3,676 square 
feet. Tlie length of the building proper was 154 feet, and, includ- 
ing porticos, 21-t feet. The depth of the main building was 89 
feet, and, including terraces and steps, the extreme deptli was 112 
feet. The height of the building from grade to cornice was 63 feet 
2 inches, and to the apex of the tower roofs, 96 feet. The roof, 
consisting of two platforms surmounted by belvederes, covered an 
area of 14,000 square feet, and was reached by an elevator from the 
entrance hall of the building. The external aspect of the building, 
while in the main based on the lines of the Villa Medici, varied 
radically from it in many jjoints. First, in the grand staircase and 
terrace at the main approach : second, on tlie line of the first floor in 
the circular porticos flanking the state apartments at east and west ; 
third, in the detail of the building throughout, especially the frieze of 
boys tearing garlands, taken from the Farnesina palace, other details 
from the Spada palace ; and again, in the roof, which, barring tlie 
belvederes, was wholly flat. Tliis roof was furnished with earthen- 
ware jars brought over expressly from Naples and Perugia. These 
jars weighed from 60 to 6(''0 pounds each, and are identical with 
those used on every Italian villa and many of the palaces from Genoa 
to Naples. Tlie importation of these great flower pots was the first 
considerable one ever made to this country and formed one of the 
greatest embellishments of the building, and they were immediately 
copied liy the main exhibition in staff, as the chief adornment of the 
terrace bahistrade in the Court of Honor. 

In the modelinff of the details of the external ornamentation of the 
building, the best museum examples were carefully followed so as to 
secure correct style. At the main entrance were four Roman candel- 
abra reproductions from tlie museum at Xaples, and from the Barberini 
palace in Rome were taken two designs in antique sculpture from 



90 i"fEW YOKK AT TJIK WoRLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

"wliicli were modeled tlie lions that formed a separate and interesting 
feature of the building. The original sculpture referred to is built into 
the walls on the landing of the staircase of the Barberini palace and 
represents a lion in high relief but lacking the right shoulder, one of 
the fore pa\\-s and being otiierwise incomplete. Notwithstanding these 
defects, it never fails to lill the beholder with awe, and give the impres- 
sion of a degree of power and repose not seen in any of the other lions 
of the Renaissance. That this lion has not been widely copied is 
nndunbtedly due to the fact that it has always belonged to a private 
family, but tlirough government influence the architects were enabled 
to have an actual cast made of the original in ISOl, which reached 
America shortly before the New York State Building was designed. 
The cast Avas later presented to the board and furnished the senlptor, 
Potter, at once with an inspiration and an opportunity. After supply- 
ing the lost portions of the Roman original, he turned it into the round 
and then modeled for the completed lion a mate, differently posed but 
strictly in consonance with the treatment and tradition of the Roman 
sciilptor. The extreme diflicnlty of the task of making both lions 
appear to be the work of the same sculptor was only etpialled by the 
success with which ]\Ir. Potter conquered it. 

The monumental scale of the building made its facade most impres- 
sive. The height to the clere story roof line was seventy-seven feet 
five inches, the height of the deck floors between the belvederes was 
eighty-one feet, and the height of the floors of the belvederes was 
eighty-three feet above grade. The Italian heights of the stories dif- 
fering in their greater loftiness from those most familiar to American 
eyes, lent a certain majesty to both exterior and interior effect. The 
general character of the Imilding was sumj^tuous I'ather than florid and 
suggested a semi-public rather than a domestic use. 

The main floor of the building consisted of a vestibule measuring on 
the jjavement forty -six feet by seventeen feet six inches, and being 
thirty-three feet ten inches high ; of an entrance hall eighty-four feet 
long by forty-six feet deep and t«-enty feet six inches liigh ; of a grand 
staircase hall forty-six feet by thirty-seven feet, with a dome ceiling 
forty-six feet high ; of a suite of three drawing rooms on one side and 
three reading and Avi-iting rooms on the other. The architecture of the 
vestibule or loggia, while presenting on the street the jMedician motive, 
suggested in its -ceilings and end walls the Villa Madama, another of 
the outlying Roman villas, its niched fountains being like those in the 




U 

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< 

1- 

z 

UJ 

z 



Report of Boaed of Gexeral Managers. 97 

garden of the Yilla Madama, consisting of highly elaborated mosaic, 
Pompeiaa in composition and color, and ]'ecaUing the designs of Giulio 
Komano. This latter part of the work was confided to Messrs. Herter 
Bros., and carried out by them -svith great skill and artistic feeling. 

Reaching the entrance hall, a pillared chamber of approach to the 
main suite of rooms on the east and west, it was interesting to note 
that from this hall access was had directly to all parts of the building, 
including the roof, the grand staircase in the center, the approach to 
the roof garden, the coat rooms and lavatories on the left, the 
service offices of the building on the right, and upon the opposite side 
of the haU post and telegraph offices, as well as the private office of 
the board. Standing in the center of this hall one could command 
the whole length and depth of the buUduig from portico to portico, 
■whose wide expanse proved none too large for the constant crowds 
for which it was intended. In this hall was placed a mosaic pavement 
of brass rehefs from designs by George Maynard of the " signs of the 
Zodiac," inlaid in marble, and carried out by John "Williams, Tiffany's 
metal worker, and presented by him as an exhibit. This work of art 
has since been secured by the new Boston Pubhc Library to be inlaid 
in its floors. 

In the women's state apartment or drawing rooms were three 
features of particular interest — the damask silk, copied in France from 
a Venetian fragment taken from an old palace in Yenice, and brought 
from Venice by Mi-. McKim in 1891 ; and the two chimney pieces, 
exact reproductions in Sienna and statuary marbles of early ItaUan 
Renaissance originals in the Metropolitan Museum, kindly lent for this 
purpose by General di Cesnola, and furnished and set without cost to 
the board as an exhil)it by Messrs. R. C. Fisher & Co. 

The decoration of the walls of the staircase leading from the lobby 
to the banquet hall was principally an adaptation of Pompeian decora- 
tions combined with oiiginal designs, in the same spirit, by C. C. Cole- 
man, of Xew York, under whose direction the work was done. The 
color of the walls, which were divided into panels, represented in gen- 
eral effect large surfaces of rich Pompeian orange red. Each panel 
was enriched by bands of orange and cream white lines, flanked by 
elaborate bands of arabesques interspersed with animals, cupids, floral 
designs, etc. Masks, vases and small painted pictures were introduced 
here and there wherever they would help the composition and general 
13 



98 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

effect. Mythological groups fonued the principal features of the 
center decoration of each field or panel. 

The decoration of the frieze above the panels and nnder the cornice, 
and above and between the columns at the foot of the stairway was 
composed of garlands of flowers and fruit held up by masks and 
rosettes, all painted upon a cream white ground. The ornaments in 
mouldings of the arclied ceiling overhanging the stairway, as also those 
of all the cornice work, and the capitals of the columns, and pilasters 
on the side walls were picked out in colors of blue, yellow and red to 
harmonize witli the rest of the decoration. The spaces between the 
mouldings of tlie arched ceiling were of a cream white surface against 
which were painted gi'oups of flying figures Mntli bandrols in imitation 
of ancient stucco relief work. The base supporting the large fields of 
Pompeian red from the beginning of the staircase to finish was of a 
blue black color against which were jDainted, growing out of the steps 
as it wei'e, rich masses of narcissus, a favorite flower of the ancients 
and often depicted by them in mural decoration. 

The second floor contained the banquet hall in tlie center, the execu- 
tive ofiices of the Board of Women Managers on the right togetlier -H-ith 
their reception and tea rooms. On the left were the executive office 
of the Board of General Managei's and the relic room, richly furnished 
with antiques and curios. 

The banquet hall, which occupied the central portion of the second 
floor, was of such magniticent proportions as to afford an opportunity 
for the finest artistic effects. The decoration was intrusted to Frank 
D. Millet of New York. The hall was intended as a ball room and 
reception room as well as banquet hall, and was, therefore, bound to be 
of sumptuous character. Its details were all Italian of a later period, 
specially selected for their richness and exuberance. The design was 
original and not taken from any particular liall. The prevailing tone was 
cr^am white relieved with gold and interspersed with other harmonious 
tints Avherever tlie treatment of the panels, columns and arches would 
warrant it. The effect produced was of the highest beauty, worthy of 
Mr. Millet's best efforts, and was conceded to be the finest example of 
interior decoration in Jackson Park. In the ceiling was the masterpiece 
of the room, a large painting on canvas by Mr. Millet. The theme 
was an allegory of the Empire State encouraging the arts and sciences. 
The State is represented by the goddess Juno, Queen of Heaven, seated 
among the clouds on a golden throne, attended by a peacock, the l)ird 



Report of Boaed of General Makagees. 99 

consecrated to this goddess. In her right hand she holds the staff-like 
scepter with M'hich she is nsnallv hgured, and in her left a palm branch, 
significant of the peaceful character of the ceremony, while from an 
altar there rises a thin clond of burning incense, which floats around 
her sacred person. Three cupids strew roses in front of the throne and 
in the path of the approaching figures. Directly in front of the god- 
dess, and heading the group, is a youthful couple, the maiden in an 
attitud.8 of I'espectful homage leading by the hand a timid youth, rep- 
resenting Literature presenting Art to the consideration of the Queen. 
Behind Art and Literature Science is seen ready to advance with her 
claims to recognition, while Military Valor, Agriculture, Commerce, 
Statesmanship, the Science of Medicine and the Goddess of Fruits 
await their turn to receive their reward. Music, having finished a 
strain of rapturous melody, is about to rise to pay homage with the 
rest. This fine mural painting attracted much attention, and at the 
close of the fair was brought to Albany and will be placed in the 
Capitol. 

One of the most pleasing features connected with the decoration and 
furnishing of the State building was the public spirit and loyalty with 
which many Xe\r York firms offered to place at the disposal of the 
State as an exhibit sucli articles as they could furnish. Many of these 
offers were accepted. The carpets, antique rugs, di'a^^eries, portieres, 
hangings and other furnishings of the building carried out from special 
designs furnished by the architects were provided by TV. & J. Sloane, 
of Xew York city. The antique furniture, including cabinets, tajDestry 
and luxurious French and Italian models of the sixteenth and seven- 
teenth centuries whicli adorned the i-eception rooms on either side 
of the banquet liall were given by Duveen Bros., of J^ew York city. 
Three seventeenth century Italian tapestries in the banquet hall were 
particularly rare and costly, and one of them was valued at $6,000. 
A very magnificent and artistic group of electric light fixtures specially 
designed by Mr. E. A. Caldwell of the Archer tfe Pancoast Manufac- 
turing Company was a prominent feature of the building. The fine 
wrouffht-iron gilded balconv railings of the private boxes in the ban- 
quet hall were executed as an exhibit by John Williams of Tiffany & 
Co. after designs furnished by the architects. 

The landscape paper in the Board of "Women Managers' reception 
room was imported specially for the room by Fr. Beck & Co., of Xew 
York, and the same firm did much to assist the character of the build- 



100 New York at 'riii'; World's C^ilumbian ExrosinoN. 

ing by tlicir \voi'k in other rooms. Tlie Diiparquet lluot & Moneuse 
Coinpanj presented the range and serving pantry to the Imildhig, and 
the LoriUard Ivefrigerator Company furnished all the necessary refriger- 
atory appliances. The pride with which a structure so superbly planned 
and eijiupped was calculated to till every JSTew Yorker visiting tlie fair 
was greatly enhanced by this demonstration of the generous rivalry of 
priA'ate lirins to imitate the public liberality which dictated the policy 
of the State towards the exposition. 

The third floor contained several private rooms used by the chief 
executive officer and employees of the connuission, and here also was 
the private dining room of the building reserved for the use of the 
attachds of the commission and tlieir friends. Towards the latter part 
of the season the restaurant facilities were increased, and any New 
Yorker could obtain admission to its privileges by applying to the office 
for a card of introduction. 

The New York State Building was in no sense a repository of 
exhibits. The few relics and curios in the building were more for the 
purpose of decoration than exhibition. It was designed as a con- 
venient and comfortable club house for New Yorkers, where tliey 
might rest, obtain infornuition, entertain their friends and imagine 
themselves once more on the soil of the Empire State. The building 
was at once recognized as the only one on the grounds propierly 
arranged for the entertainment of social and official gatherings and 
was in constant demand not only by New York people but for national, 
foreign and other State assend)lages. It was an unexpected turn of 
affairs but none the less satisfactory to our State pride that New York 
was thus virtually the hostess of the exposition. 

Tlic management of the State building was under the supervision of 
Mr. Louis Meredith Ilowland, of the Board of General Managers, in 
whose capable hands the social and official functions at the building 
were conducted witii the greatest possible success. 

TFoUowing is the list of functions held at the New York State Build- 
ing daring the exposition : 

June 2. — Reception to Governor Flower by Board of Women 

Managers. 
June 20. — Reception to Governor Fishback, of Arkansas (informal, by 

Women's Board). 
July 12. — Reunion of the American Society of the "Knights and 

Ladies of tlie Round Table." 



Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 101 

July 13. — Reception to "Harper's Young People." 

July 13. — Banquet of New York Life Insurance Company. 

July 18.-- Reception to the Emma Willard Association by Mrs. Russell 

Sage. 
July 18. — Reception to Secretary and Mrs. Carlisle by Board of Women 

Managers. 
July 20. — Reception and banquet of united Greek letter societies. 
July 20. — Dinner of American Library Association. 
July 25. — Reception to Dr. Sheldon by Oswego Normal School Alumni. 
July 25. — Concert in aid of " Cold Storage fire " fund. 
July 26. — Reception to New York Association of Commercial Travelers. 
July 27. — Reception to Brooklyn representatives by State board. 
July 27. — Banquet to Mayor Boody. 
July 29. — Reception to Colonel and Mrs. Fred. Grant. 
Aug. 4. — Reunion of Scottish assembly. 
Aug. 21. — Reception to West Point cadets. 

Aug. 21. — Banquet to Commandant and oflScers of West Point cadets. 
Aug. 22.— Ball for West Point cadets. 
Aug. 23. — Banquet given to Buffalo committee by Board of General 

Managers. 
Sept. 4. — New York Day reception and ball given by Board of Gen- 
eral Managers. 
Sept. 5. — Reception given by the Chicago society, " Sons of New 

York." 
Sept. 6. — Banquet of foreign commissioners to railroad officials. 
Sept. 1. — Banquet and ball to Army and Navy officers on duty at the 

exposition. 
Sept. 8. — Entertainment by Japanese dancers to foreign and State 

commissioners. 
Sept. 22. — Banquet by National Typothetse. 
Sept. 26.-^- Banquet given Sovereign Grand Lodge of L O. 0. F., by 

the Illinois members. 
Sept. 27. — Reception and supper of the Patriarchs Militant I. O. O. F, 
Oct. 11. — Brooklyn " Eagle " reception. 
Oct. 14. — Mrs. Huntington's "kitchen garden" reception. 
Oct. 19. — World's fishery congress banquet. 
Oct. 21. — Manhattan Day reception. 

Oct. 21. — Lunch to General Miles and distinguisiied New Yorkers. 
Oct. 24.— Mary Washington tea party (in costume). 
Oct. 28. — Farewell banquet of State commissioners. 
Oct. 29. — Electricians' dinner. 



102 New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 

Ill iuldition there were innumerable ])rivate diuuers and receptions, 
and, under the management of tlie Ixiard of Women Managers, informal 
teas Avere given every afternoon at five o'clock throughout the season, 
except when interrupted for a time by the death of Senator 
McNaugliton. 

Of the functions directly under the control of the Board of General 
Managers perluips the most elaborate and suc(;cssful \vere New York 
Day reception, Mauliattan Day reception, jVrmy and Navy banquet 
and ball. West Point cadets ball, Japanese evening, and tlie Benefit 
Concert in behalf of the sufferers by the fire on the exposition grounds. 
At this concert such eminent artists as Max Bendix, Senora Cervantes, 
Bickni'U Young and Knnua. Thursby kindly otfered their services. 
About $500 was added to the firemen's fund from the proceeds. 

The banquets and receptions of tiie various societies, such as the 
Odd Fellows, Scottish assembly, Typothette, etc., were naturally of a 
more restricted character, and in charge of the society oificers. The 
Board of General Managers iinifornily tendered every courtesy and con- 
venience possible to the visiting societies, and the following extract 
from the minutes of the Chicago Typothetfe, November 2, 1S93, is a 
fair example of the many acknowledgments made in return : 

Whkkeas, the Chicago Typothetm being under obligations to the com- 
missioners of the State of New York to the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion for many favors extended them during the session of the National 
Typotheta! of America in this city ; therefore, be it 

Resolved, that the Chicago Typotheta3, speaking as well for the 
National Typothetfo of America, express to the commissioners of the State 
of New York their hearty appreciation of the graceful courtesj'' that 
placed the New York State Building at their disposal on the night of Sep- 
tember 22, 1893. Its magnificent banquet hall, typical of the richness of 
the Empire State, nobly housed our guests, Avhile the kindly interest of 
Mr. Louis Meredith Rowland, commissioner in charge, and Iris able and 
geuial assistants, made us all, gathered from many States, feel that we 
were sons of tho Knickerbockers, welcomed to our own. 

GOVEENOE FlOWEe's YiSIT. 

On June first Governor Roswell P. Flower visited the exposition, and 
remained about ten days. It was not an official visit, and the Governor 
devoted nearly all of his time, in company witli Chief Executive Officer 
McNaughton, to a coniprehensive inspection of New York's exhibits. 



Repoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 103 

He expressed himself as deiiglited beyond measure at the magnificent 
showing made by tlie Empire State, and declared it to be a duty incum- 
bent on every iS'ew Yorker who could possibly afford it to make the 
journey to Chicago, not only for the fair as a whole, but to view the 
unexcelled presentment of J^ew York's resources. Governor Flower 
was the steadfast friend of the New York exhibition from its inceptioii. 
As Congressman he had fought valiantly to have the fair located in 
New York city. As Governor he supported every worthy plan for the 
advancement of New York's interests, and rendered specially valuable 
service bj- his advocacy and prompt approval of the second appropriation 
bill. 

His speeches throughout the State during the summer and autumn 
of 1S93 contained many complimentary allusions to the New York 
display, and greatly increased public interest in the exhibits. Notable 
were his comments before an educational gathering iu the Potsdam 
Normal School, June 27, 1S93. 

We sometimes have to go away from home to find out how great 
we really are as a people. It was something of this feeling which impressed 
me as I went about the various buildings on the exposition grounds and 
studied the exhibits of different States and countries. Every New Yorker 
must feel proud, as I did, at the splendid showing the Empire State has 
made. In every department of art and industry New York's supremacy 
is at once revealed, and is generally recognized. 

The first building I entered after inspecting the New York State Build- 
ing was the Woman's Building, and I was taken to a handsome library 
which they lold me comprises 5,000 volumes written by women, and over 
2,500 of them contributed by the brains of the women of New York State. 
So It 18 throughout the entire exposition — New York supreme everywhere. 

The most. conspicuous thing in her educational exhibit is the most sug- 
gestive thing of the entire exposition. It tells the story and gives the 
reason of her greatness. It is a broad, long map of the State, covering a 
generous portion of the wall, and dark with black disks. Every disk 
stands for a school house, and there are 12,000 of them. Nothing in all 
the exposition is more impressive than that map with its black disks. 
There is no county in the State not thickly sprinkled with them. It is the 
first time such a map has been made, and the credit of making it belongs 
to pupils of the high school at the capital of the State. 

The next thing that strikes the eye in the department of education at 
the World's Fair is the extent of the New York exhibit. We are just 



104 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition, 

one-f orty-f ourth of tlie Union — only one State out of f orty-f out — but our 
educational exhibit occupies one-seventh of the whole space devoted to 
this department. No other State has so large an exhibit. No other State 
has its exhibit so nicely installed. You walk down one aisle and you see 
the representation of our great common school system of education — 
kindergarten, primary schools, grammar schools, high schools and trade 
schools — the great bulwark of our State. You walk down the opposite 
aisle and you see exhibited our elaborate system of higher education com- 
prised in the University of the State of New York, academies, colleges, 
professional and technical schools and universities — ^ a scheme of educa- 
tional effort unequalled in scope by the educational system of any State, and 
copied many decades ago because of its excellence by the government of 
France. 

Grovernor Flower refused all proffers of a public reception or banquet, 
but on June second an informal reception was tendered liini at the New 
York State Building bj the Board of Women Managers. Late in the 
season, at the time of the JSTew York Day celebration, Governor Flower 
made an official visit to the fair accompanied by his staff and prominent 
State officials. 

Beooklyn Day. 

The first of New York's sj)ecial celebration days was on June 
twenty-seventh, which was devoted to the city of Brooklyn. An 
elaborate jDrogramme was arranged which included a speech of welcome 
by Chicago's mayor, Carter II. Harrison, a response by the mayor of 
Brooklyn, David A. Boody; speeches by Thomas B. Bryan on behalf 
of the exposition, St. Clair McKelway of tlie Brooklyn " Eagle," and 
M urat rialstead of tlie " Standard-Union." Music was furnished by 
the Arion Singing Society of Brooklyn. An amusing feature of the 
literary programme was the witty passage at arms between Mayor Harri- 
son and Mr. McKelway on the respective merits of their two cities, in 
which, tlj^e Chicagoan was badly worsted. In the afternoon at the New 
York State Building a reception was given tlie ladies of Brooklyn by 
Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, a member of the Board of Women Managers, 
and in the evening a reception and banquet was given Mayor Boody 
and other prominent Brooklyn representatives by the Board of General 
Managers. 

Though State days, National days, etc., had been provided for, 
Brooklyn was the first city to appropriate a day and devote it solely to 



Report of Board of General Managers. V'o 

the celebration of Ler glories. Her example was followed later iu the 
season by Xew York and Chicago. 

Dc)XALD !McXArGHTOX. 

During the latter pai-t of July, 1S93, the sickness and death of 
Donald MeXaughton, chief executive officer of the State board, threw 
a shadow of sadness over the Xew York contingent at the fair and 
turned tlie State Building into a house of mourning. His health had 
been far from good for four months previous to his death. He had 
constantly devoted liis time for a year to his duties as executive ofticial 
of the board, planning and developing a thoiisand schemes for Xew 
York's advantage and oftentimes not leavino- his office tiU eleven or 
twelve o'clock at night. In his restless energy and desire to see all 
things progressing well he took upon liimself work which others might 
properly have assumed. 

As a result of this continuous drain of nerve force a constitution 
naturally strong was so sapped that it was unable to coj^e successfully 
with disease. About the twentieth of June he had a slight attack of 
typhoid fever, but good medical attendance and proper care warded 
off the danger. Had he returned home and taken a complete rest for 
a month as urged by every one to do he would probably have regained 
his full strength, but no arguments could move him and he insisted on 
remaining at Ins jjost until too late for a retreat. He barely held his 
own for a time and towards the end of the month declined perceptibly. 
About the twenty-eightli of July an attack of peritonitis developed 
and though not of a ^-iolent nature proved fatal in his weakened con- 
dition and caused his death July 30, 189-3. 

Donald McXaughton was born of Scotch parentage in the town of 
Mumford, Monroe county, X. Y., March 29, 1830. His education was 
obtained in the pulJic schools of his town, and at the age of sixteen he 
entered the milling business as an assistant clerk. After working his 
way up to superintendent of the mill, he resigned and began the study 
of law. He was admitted to the bar in due time and began practice 
among his fellow townsmen. Affable and popiJar from boyhood, he 
rose i'a]>idly in their esteem and for eight j-ears represented them in 
the county board of supervisors and was often their delegate to county 
and State conventions. In 1864, for his efforts in filling the quota of 
the township of TTlieatland in the various drafts, he was presented by 
the citizens with a large law library. As his practice broadened he 



106 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

removed liis law offices to Rochester, though he always retained his 
old home in Mumford and spent his leisure hours there. 

Mr. McNanghton at once became identified with the liberal and pro- 
gressive public sj)irit which has developed the city of Rochester, and 
occupied many positions of honor and trust. lie was secretary and 
president of the Rochester and State Line Railroad Company (now the 
Rochester and Pittsburg), a trustee of the Central Union Storage 
Company, a trustee of the Reynolds Library, president of the Scottish 
Society of Rochester, and secretary of the "Wheatland Historical Society. 

His first entrance into State politics was in 1887 when he was elected 
Senator from the twenty-ninth district, which is usually RejDublican by 
a large majoiity. In 1889 he was re-elected. His career in the upper 
house attracted wide attention, for though a member- of the minority 
his popularity among his fellow members was so great that if a bill 
came heralded as " one of McNaughton's little bills " it rarely failed in 
passing. At the close of his senatorial career he had obtained a repu- 
tation for unimpeachable integrity and few of his colleagues were con- 
sidered to liave a brighter political future than he. A third nomination 
for tlie Senate Avas declined by him in 1891, as he wished to devote 
himself entirely to his law practice. In April, 1892, after the passage 
of the "World's Fair Bill by the New York Legislature, Senator 
MclSTaughton was selected by Governor Flower for chief executive 
officer, as possessing in the highest degree the ability, popularity and 
creative energy necessary to place the New York exhibit in the front 
rank. To accomplish this in one year was an exacting task, but he 
bent to it every resource of his nature and sacrificed to its successful 
issue his time, his strength, and, as the sequel proved, his life. 

Only one incident was allowed to interrupt his labors and this 
attested in a further degree the remarkable popularity of the man. 
Always a staunch Democrat, he was induced by his party associates to 
accept the nomination for Congress in the thirtj^-first district in the 
fall of 1892. The county of Monroe, which comprises this district, is 
strongly Republican, and gave the Republican presidential candidate 
in this election 3,621 majority. Senator McNaughton, though giving 
but little time to his canvass, was defeated by only 507 votes. 

After the close of this " little recreation," as he termed it, his sole 
idea was the development of the New York exhibits ; and -^vlien at the 
close of a year's arduous labor he saw his many plans put successfully 
into effect, it was with a feeling of intense satisfaction that he removed 



Kepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 107 

Ms offices to the State Building iu Jackson Park, and entered on the 
final stage of his career. That he was able to see with honest pride 
this part of his work done to the complete satisfaction of the thousands 
of New Yorkers who viewed the fair, and to the admiration and envy 
of his colleagues from other States, is gratifying to his friends. As 
chief executive officer of the New York board and with rooms in the 
State I^uilding, which was specially designed for receptions and enter- 
tainments, Senator McNaughton was brought into constant relations 
with other State and foreign officers and charmed all by his genial 
manner and never failing courtesy. No more sincere expressions of 
regret and sorrow for his death were received than from these friends 
who had known him but so short a time. 

Senator McNaughton never married, and as he had no brothers nor 
sisters was the last of his immediate line. Yet few men have been so 
widely mourned. His generosity, lavish to a fault, his kindness to all 
in need of advice or assistance, in addition to his other manly qualities, 
had raised for him a host of friends whose affection and regard were 
as strong as though based upon the blood bond. By his death New 
York lost an efficient and faithful public servant. 

The Board of General Managers for New York State in closing this 
record of his life and services bear witness to the loyalty, ability and 
zeal vdth which he discharged the exacting duties of his position and 
mourn with his man}' friends his untimely death. 

Memorial services were held in the New York State Building at 
noon, August 1, 1893, 'Rev. Simon J. McPherson, a life-long friend of 
the senator, officiating. Draped in black, the magnificent hall built for 
pleasure was a stately mausoleum, and emphasized with startling effect 
the uncertainty of life. Along the main avenue, where were situated 
the buildings of the States, flags were at half-mast and all signs of 
gaiety suspended. In the afternoon the remains were transferred to 
a private car, courteously tendered by the Michigan Central railroad, 
and accompanied Ijy a delegation from the Board of General Managers 
and attaches, were conveyed to Rochester. From Iiere a special train 
took with them a large assemblage of friends to Mumford, where the final 
burial rites were held in the village he had lived and labored in so long. 

Before returning to Chicago, a special meeting of the Board of 
Managers was held, August second, at the Spi'ing Creek Hotel, Mum- 
ford, and on motion of Mr. Howland, seconded by Mr. Thacher, the 
following preamble and resolutions were adopted : 



108 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Whereas, the services of the Hon. Donald McNaughton as chief 
executive officer of the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of the 
State of New York, have been terminated by death: 

Resolveif, that the board bear testimony to the absolute fidelity and 
unselfish devotion which have marked the discharge of his duties to the 
board hy its late chief executive officer. 

Collectively, and individually, the members of the board could not 
fail to be impressed by the energy, earnestness and singleness of purpose 
with which, from the hour of his appointment to the very close of his life, 
Mr. McNaughton did his work of providing for the representation of his 
State at the Columbian Exposition. Dying literally at his post of duty, 
and with its requirements never absent from his miiid, this faithful steward 
of the responsibilities committed to him by the Governor of the State, 
must remain an example of all that is highest and most worthy of imita- 
tion in those exercising the authority of public office. 

Resolved, that copies of these resolutions be sent to the Governor of 
the State of New York, to the Mayor of the city of Rochester, and to 
Mr, Oliver Allen, of Mumford, N. Y. 

On July thirty first, at a meeting of the National Commission in the 
Administration Building, the following resolutions, which were intro- 
duced by Hon. John Boyd Thaclier, were adopted: 

Wqbreas, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, the Hon. Donald 
McNaughton, chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers of 
the exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, has beeti suddenly taken away in the midst of bis earnest and 
arduous labor for his State on behalf of the exposition: 

Resolved, that the World's Columbian Commission, recognizing the 
intelligence, energy and self-sacrificing zeal which Mr. McNaughton 
brought to the discharge of his duties and the brilliant results of his 
labors which are manifest wherever New York is lepresented at the expo- 
sition, tender to the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of that 
State their sincere condolence and most profound regret at the loss of an 
officer so capable, faithful and conscientious. 

Resolved, that the secretary be instructed to forward a copy of these 
resolutions to the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of the State 
of New York. 

The New York State Building was thrown open to the public on the 
day following the funeral, but all receptions and afternoon teas were 
omitted until August sixteenth. During the sickness of Senator 




< 

X 

LU 

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1- 



Kefoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 109 

MeNaiighton and tlie interiiu between his deatli and the qiialilication 
of his successor, the work of the chief executive ofhcer was ably per- 
formed by his confidential secretary, Mr. Jolni II. Reynolds, and the 
financial secretary of the board, Mr. George S. Stevens. 

On August fourth Governor Flower aj^pointed as chief executive 
officer ex-Senator John Foley, of Saratoga Springs. Mr. Foley is 
prominently known in legal circles throughout the State, and was for 
many years district attorney of Saratoga county. He was a member 
of the fifty-sixth Senate with Mr. McNaughton, and like liim elected as 
a Democrat in a strong Rejaublican district. To step into the lield at 
this late day, unfamiliar with all details, and take up the work where 
Senator McNaughton left it, was a delicate and difficult task ; br.t the 
result justified the confidence reposed in him bj' the Governor. His 
popularity and ability, combined with a high degree of executive firm- 
ness, made him particularly well fitted to bring the affairs of the board 
to a successful close. 

Westeen New York Day. 

The week of August twentieth to twenty-sixth included many features 
distinctively New York's. The West Point cadets were in camp on 
tiie plaza before the Government Building and attracted universal 
admiration for their soldierly bearing, accvirate drill and gentlemanly 
conduct when off duty. On Monday a reception was given Colonel 
Mills, the Commandant, and the cadets at the State Building. On 
Tuesday, the twenty-second, a grand ball in tlieir honor was also given 
in the New York Building, which was attended by tlie prominent 
officers and society people at the fair and in the city. 

August twenty-thii-d was reserved for Western New York, and over 
4,000 people from Buffalo, Rochester and other cities and towns came 
in special trains. An attractive progrannne had been prepared, and the 
low rates and excellent arrangements made by tlie local committee 
induced so large a delegation to come. In the banquet hall, at four 
o'clock in the afternoon, Mayor Carter Harrison of Chicago welcomed 
tlie Buffalonians in one of his witty and cliaracteristic speeches. Mayor 
Bishop of Buffalo responded on behalf of his constituents, and the Hon. 
Thomas B. Bryan of Chicago delivered the oration of the day. In the 
evening a banquet given by the New York Board of Managers to the 
Buffalo committee pleasantly terminated a most interesting day. 
Covers were laid for forty-two guests, and Senator Foley, as presiding 
officer, called out many bright inqjromptu speeches by the toasts he 



110 New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

projjosed. The banquet was informal and one of the most enjoyable 

of the season. 

New Yokk Day. 

September third was selected early in the spring for New York day, 
because of the historical significance bestowed upon it by Henry Hud- 
son when, on the same date in the year 1609, he first dropped anchor 
in the sheltered watei-s of New York bay. The energetic Englisliman 
in command of his Dutch vessel was an accidental navigator of the 
beautiful stream named in his honor, and as his restless sail urged liis 
vessel onward the haauty of the Palisades and the romantic grandeur 
of the Highlands caught but a passing exclamation of surprise, for his 
heart beat only for one purpose, his eyes sought only for one vision, 
the inland sea whose waves should bear him to tlie shores of coveted 
India. But from the failures of one often come the victories of the 
many. When at the head of navigation he disappointedly turned his 
vessel's prow to the southward, no one could foresee that the first step 
had been taken in the development of a highway of commerce which, 
including New York's vast area, should extend to tlie great lakes, to 
Chicago, to tlie upper waters of the Mississippi and tlie great wheat 
fields of the Northwest, laying under tribute a country ten-fold richer 
than the India for which he sighed. 

The more the history of tlie voyages undertaken to discover a short 
nortliern route to Asia is studied the more we are compelled to agree 
with Dr. Aslier, one of the biographers of Hudson, that these ventures, 
in spite of their fruitlessness, belong to the most important events that 
history records. To them England owes her American discoveries and 
colonies, her sway of the ocean, lier fisheries of cod and whale, her 
transatlantic and northern trade ; in short,. that progress by which from 
a kingdom of very limited power she has risen to the first place among 
the empires of ancient and modern times. It is to the consequences 
of these same apparently fruitless undertakings that the United States 
owe their existence, the Dutch their freedom and glory, the Russians 
their connection with the west of Europe. Wlien we consider what 
the fate of Europe would have been without the victory of England 
and the Netherlands over Spain we may almost be justified in placing 
the importance of the early northern voyages even above that of 
Columbus' magnificent discovery. 

It was, therefore, an event of international significance, as well as the 
glory and honor of the Emjjire State, that was celebrated by New 



Kepoet of Board of General MajstAgees. ill 

York's representatives on September tliird, or, more accurately spsak- 
iiig, on September fourth, since the anniv^ersary day fell on Suutlay. 

Over 160,000 people were on the grounds during tlic day, and a fair 
percentage of them wore the purple and gold badges of the Empire 
State. Among New York's otficial representatives were Governor 
Roswell P. Plower and staff ; Hon. Frank Rice, Secretary of State ; 
Hon. Frank Campbell, Comptroller ; Hon. Elliot Danfortli, State 
Treasiyer ; Flon. Simon W. Rosendale, Attorney-General ; Hon. Martin 
Schenck, State Engineer and Surveyor ; Hon. Austin Lathrop, Super- 
intendent of State Prisons ; Flon. James F. Crooker, State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction ; Hon. William Sulzer, Speaker of the 
Assemblj' ; the General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New 
York, District Commissioners and members of the Board of Women 
Managers. 

At eleven o'clock the banquet hall and auditorium of the State 
Building was crowded with JSTew Yorkers and invited guests. 

■ Me. Depew's Speech. 

As president of the Board of Managers of the exhibit of the State of 
New York the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew made the opening address. 
He spoke as follows : 

Governor Flower, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

Two hundred and eighty-four years ago yesterday Hendrik Hudson cast 
anchor inside of Sandy Hook. Though not so fortunate as Columbus, he 
possessed in equal measure the qualities which won success and fame for 
the discoverer. No sailor ever entered upon voyages so venturesome with 
such limited resources and meagre equipment. His skill and daring, his 
courage and faith, carried a shallop and scanty crew where a modern 
steamship could hardly go. He reached nearly the highest point yet 
attained beyond the Arctic circle. He tried every bay and inlei in the 
effort to pierce the icy barrier of the frozen North. He breasted the 
mountainous waves of Labrador and the storms of the New England coast, 
and then rested in the harbor of New York. Columbus sought to carry 
his religion to the heathen and find the go"d of the fabled El Dorado, but 
Hudson sailed in the interests of the expanding commerce of the world. 
It was the belief of his times that a shorter passage to India would 
increase the trade and wealth of nations. The Orient was supposed to 
possess boundless riches for the Occident if shorter and cheaper chan- 
nels of communication could be opened. The commercial energies of 



112 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

Em ope were devoted to this quest during the fourteenth and fifteenth 
centuries. 

It was reserved for our time to supply through the Suez canal the pas- 
sage to the Indies which Hudson vainly tried to find. The event was 
important to international trade, but not one of the inestimable blessings 
of our race. It augmented the power of the British empire and opened 
the interior of India to the enterprise of the West, but it added little to 
the happiness and liberty of mankind, Hendrik Hudson failed to find a 
northwest passage to India, but he did discover the passage from the 
Atlantic ocean to the northwest. It was of infinitely greater importance 
than the object of his search. 

It is the history of all great actors and thinkers upon the world's stage 
that they builded better than they knew. When the glorious bay, with 
its superb harbor and noble river, enchanted the navigator he little 
dreamed of the significance of the Hudson, which should forever bear his 
name and perpetuate his fame to the settlement and development of the 
American continent. He had found the only depression in the mountains 
through which the ocean could be wedded to the lakes. He had brought 
the western wilderness within the reach of the emigrant, and found its 
fertile fields for the seeds of empire. 

The opening of the Suez canal and bringing Europe and India in closer 
relations was an event. The discovery of the Hudson river was an epoch. 
A great and growing Commonwealth on the border of the lakes, filled 
with millions of people, who in fleeingfrom other lands have found liberty, 
happiness and home, is among the results of his discovery. It has incal- 
culably increased the material, moral and intellectual welfare of the buman 
race. It has made possible the strength, the power and the perpetuity of 
the republic. 

Hendrik Hudson discovered Chicago. This city is as much indebted to 
him as New York. His deeds gave the opportunity and furnished the 
incentives which have created this present and potential capital of the 
West. The genius of commerce brought Hendrik Hudson to New York, 
and when he sailed away she made the island of Manhattan her home. 
In due tiibe, through Fulton and Livingston, she applied steam to naviga- 
tion upon the waters of the Hudson and revolutionized the relations of 
the trading nations of the earth with each other. Through Morse she 
brought electricity to the service of man and belted the globe with light- 
ning to carry tlie messages of commerce and peace. It has been the 
experience of all the ages that the highest results of expanding civiliza- 
tion were always to be found along the public highways of the world. 
Upon their borders and within the area of their influence great cities were 




JOHN FOLEY, Chief Executive Officer 



Kepokt of Boakd of General Managers. 113 

founded and empires developed. There learning and tlie arts flourished 
and humanity had both opportunity and ambition for the highest intel- 
lectual development. 

The "Half Moon," upou which Hendrik Pludson stood as she entered 
our harbor, was a Dutch ship with an English captain and a crew of many 
nationalities. She fitly typified the hospitable and cosmopolitan character 
of the future metropolis and the coming Empire State. She represented 
that gepius of commerce whose handmaidens are civil and religious liberty. 
The witches of New England fleeing from the hangman and the scaffold 
found welcome and shelter in tolerant and liberal New York. The same 
spirit continued down the years, brought the Yankee over to disj^ossess the 
Dutchman froni political po«'er and the Irishman to dethrone the Yankee, 
and the German, the Scandinavian, the Italian, the Frenchman, the Rus- 
sian, the Dane and the Spaniard to enjoy the equal benefits and the 
unequaled opportunities of the great city and State of New York. 

This cosmopolitan town, while it is the first of American cities, yet has 
more Irish than any city in Ireland, more Germans than any city in Ger- 
many save Berlin, and enough Italians to equal the population of the 
second class cities of Italy. We should fail properly to celebrate the day 
if we did not pay tribute to those emigrants from Holland who founded 
the State and left upon it the indelible impress of their spirit and princi- 
ples. It has been the misfortune of the early Dutch settlers that the 
genius of Irving ran riot in a humorous history of their habits, occupa- 
tions and achievements. 

I have said that great leaders and thinkers have always builded better 
than they knew. There is one exception — the fathers of the American 
republic. The works of Washington and Jefferson, of the Ailamses and 
Hamilton, of Jay and of Madison show that, notwithstanding the dis- 
couragements of their surroundings and the narrow basis upon which they 
were organizing their republic, they anticipated without dreaming of the 
results which would follow steam and electricity, a nation possessing the 
powers, the population and the attributes which belong to the United 
States of to-day. Ot those constructive statesmen there was one of such 
marvelous, such precocious, such commanding genius that be stands easily 
at the head of the intellectual giants of his own age, with hardly a peer 
in any age. The impress of Alexander Hamilton is upon our Federal 
Constitution, in our judicial system, and pervades the whole of our fiscal 
policy, He fitly represented and with consummate and commanding 
ability the spirit of New York. She never has been narrow, never sec- 
tional and never has put her State flag and State interests in advance 
of the interests of the republic. She has always believed and acted upon 
15 



114 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

the belief that the preservation of American liberty and the unequaled 
advantages of American opportunities could only be had and enjoyed in 
the preservation of the American union. 

New York is here to-day celebrating her day, claiming the elements 
vrhich constitute her glory, but only in that spirit of friendly emulation 
which recognizes the merits of- every one of the sister Commonwealths. 

We are here in this building with its admirable architecture, its aitis- 
tic fini&h and hospitable dimensions. We are here with our arts, our agri- 
culture, our manufactures, the products of our mines and our forests, the 
illustrations of our educational system and of our general progress, to 
explain to the other Commonwealths and to the world why it is that we 
enjoy and retain and will continue to hold the proud position of the 
Smi)ire State of the American Union. 

We are here with our Governor to say to the country and to the rep- 
resentatives of other nations that we have done our best for the excellence 
and success of this great exhibition. It will be the distinguishing feature 
of this century that in its last years and dying hours there gathered upon 
the borders of Lake Michigan such a display of the beneficent results of 
peace and good will among men in promoting the happiness of mankind 
and the welfare of all people as no other age has ever seen. May its 
example be felt in every department of industry, in the realm of diplo- 
macy, and in the expansion of liberty during the twentieth century. 

I will now introduce a New Yorker; a New Yorker of New York; 
one to the manor born and with some old Dutch blood in him. He is 
New York itself, officially. Governor Flower. 

Gov. Flower's Speech. 

Gov. Flower spoke as follows : 

Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Commission, and Fellow-citizens of 
JVew York and other States : 

We came here nearly a year ago, representing the Empire State, to 
dedicate ^his building to the purposes of the exposition. We brought 
with ns our best wishes for the great success of the national enterprise, 
and we pledged our best efforts for the accomplishment of that end. 
To-day we have returned to witness the result of your labor and ours — 
to celebrate a triumph made possible by the stupendous enterprise of this 
western metropolis and shared without jealousy by the people of the entire 
country. If upon this occasion, devoted particularly to the celebration of 
New York achievement, we congratulate ourselves also on New York's 
part in the work and the triumph, our fellow-citizens of other States 



Repoet of Board of Geneeal Managees. 115 

will, I am sure, indulge us in our felicitations and justify our enthusiasm, 
for they cannot have seen much of this fair if they have not detected the 
prominent place which New York has taken in it. 

This whole magnificent and unrivaled exposition has been held to com- 
memorate the discovery of Columbus that opened a new world to civiliza- 
tion and a new home to freedom. It is, therefore, fitting that the day 
which the Empire State has chosen as her own at the exposition should 
mark the date in her history which connects her with the achievements of 
another great navigator. It was on the 3d of September, 1609, that Henry 
Hudson, in command of the " Half Moon," drojjped anchor inside of 
Sandy Hook and began that memorable exploration which prepared the 
way for coming commerce and marked the path by which was to be devel- 
oped the future wealth and greatness of the State of New York. It was 
a short cut to the Indies that Hudson sought. It was a highway into 
the heart of a new continent, destined to become richer than the Indies, 
that he found. Baffled and disappointed, a victim to the treachery cf his 
own crew, Hudson died, leaving the profitless search for a northwest pas- 
sage to Asia to serve as a lure for adventurous navigators for full 200 
years more. But the commerce for which he prepared the home at the 
mouth of the noble river which bears his name was not long in becoming 
a solid fact, and it is to-day one of the most notable manifestations of 
human enterprise on the face of the globe. 

There is abundant evidence of the extent and variety of the trade of 
New York to be found in the contents of the beautiful buildings in this 
park. Out of all the 176 groups of the exposition classification there are 
very few in which some New Yorker does not exhibit, and in most of 
them the New York exhibits fix the standard of the display. Representa- 
tive firms from New York are in the front rank of exhibitors in every com- 
mercial department of this exposition ; the artists of New York stand for th*^ 
major part of American achievement in painting and sculjjture, and the 
State has come in as an exhibitor here on a scale worthy of its imperial 
status. I had occasion to say in this building, October twenty-second last, 
that New York would join this congress of nations, bringing the best she 
has of the bounty of nature and the art of man. I outlined the character 
of the display which the State proposed to make in seven of the great 
departments of the exposition, and I am happy to say we have been able 
to do all and more than all that we promised. There is no more complete 
and carefully classified presentation of the farm products of any State 
than is to be found in the New York pavilion in the Agricultural Builditig. 
It has been a revelation to the western visitor to find how vast and varied is 
the range of the field crops of New York, and how well fitted most of 



116 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

them are to stand comparison with the very best which the country has to 
show. From its cereal crop to its tobacco, from the beans in whose pro- 
duction it excels all the rest of the Union to its hops, its flax and its 
grasses. New York's display of agricultural wealth has been among the 
surprises of the exposition. 

In the Agricultural Building New York has also made a unique exhibit 
of apiculture. Here may be found several colonies of bees actively 
at work and passing in and out of the building to bring their spoil from 
the flowers of the Wooded Island, or of the parks and fields far beyond 
the limits of the exposition. Here, too, may be seen the fruit of the 
labors of the bee from the comb all through the series of its ingenious 
conversions into articles of food or medicine. As the greatest dairy State 
in the Union New York has an exhibit commensurate with the import- 
ance of its butter and cheese product, and the 9,000,000 pounds of its 
annual wool clip do not lack adequate representation. The native and 
naturalized trees of this State have never been shown as they are here. 
It is equal to an education in forestry to study the transverse, radial and 
tangential sections of the trees of New York represented by 106 sjiecies 
and illustrated by photographs and pressed or artificial specimens of leaf- 
age, flower and fruit. And if the pre-eminence of New York in the pro- 
duction of fruit and flowers has ever been doubted, it will not again be 
called in question after seeing the long procession of her garden, green- 
house and orchard growths, which has unfolded itself here from week to 
week and month to month. In the scope, beauty and extent of its floral 
display New York has been admittedly first among the States. It has 
planted an old-fashioned flower garden and it has made a fine orchid dis- 
play. From the great bay trees at the main entrances of the horticultural 
building to the aquatic plants in the basin of the fountain, from the fancy 
beddings which it has kept filled at the side of the building to the roses 
and rhododendrons on the Wooded Island, New Y'"ork is represented every- 
where that there is foliage or bloom in the beautiful park before us. Of 
all the fruits grown in this country, save only the semi tropical kinds. New 
York ha\ shown a greater number of varieties than any other State, and 
of grapes and their products it has made a showing worthy of a Common- 
wealth whose grape crop has a higher cash value than that of any other in 
the Union. 

Though New York does not rank as a mining State its mineral pro- 
ducts are rich and varied. Its clay alone supplies the raw material for a 
brick industry worth $8,500,000 a year. Neither money nor pains have 
been spared to niake an adequate display in the department of mines and 
mining, and the State has installed in its pavilion here a very fine exhibit 



Hepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 117 

of building stones, clays and sands, of limestone and marl, gypsum and 
brine and rock salt, iron ores, shale, graphite, feldspar, quartz, garnet and 
talc. The petroleum product of the State is represented as well as its 
world-famous mineral waters. It has erected an obelisk showing the 
whole series of its geological formations, and it has sent from the State 
museum a scientific collection of minerals, the result of years of careful 
selection and of the highest educational value. To the botanical exhibit 
it has contributed a rare collection of edible and poisonous fungi, and to 
the zoological exhibit that unique specimen known as the Cohoes masto- 
don and a collection of the land and fresh-water shells and of the mam- 
mals of the State. For an illustration of the aboriginal life of the 
continent, New Yoik has sent representatives of the six tribes of the 
Iroquois confederacy with their " long house," wigwams, canoes and charac- 
teristic occupations, customs and ceremonies. The physical contour of 
the State is shown in the Mining Building in a superb relief map, and its 
canal system is delineated on another relief map in the Transportation 
Building. In the same section is the illustrative material showing the rail- 
road system of the State in all its ramifications. By land and water New 
York remains what nature has made it — the gateway of the continent. 

One-seventh of the entire space devoted to educational exhibits in the 
department of liberal arts is occupied by New York. At its entrance 
hangs a map which indicates the reason of this proud pre-eminence, for on 
it may be found marked the location and grade of eveiy school and col- 
lege in the State figured by dots, which are as the stars of the heaven for 
multitude. From the kindergarten to the university the whole scheme of 
education is represented here. There are specimens of the simplest kind 
of manual training, and examples of the highest forms of intellectual 
exercise. The school work is classified grade by grade, and shows in suc- 
cessive groups the nature, appliances and results of the sj'stem by which 
the State preserves its citizenship from the blight of illiteracy. The 
growth and development of the school system of the State for the last 
twenty-five years may be studied in statistical charts, and, from a com- 
plete collection of text books to the phonographic reproduction of musical 
work, no detail has been omitted by which the world may judge of the 
value of New York's contribution to the education of the jieople of the 
United States. The business colleges of the State make a good showing, 
and there is a fine collective exhibit of the New York city art schools, the 
Art Students' League, and other institutions of similar scope. Conspicu- 
ous among the exhibits of schools devoted to manual and technological 
instruction is that of the Pratt Institute of Brooklyn, and the unique 
product known as the Chautauqua system of education is amply and ably 



118 New York at the World's Columbian Expositiokt. 

illustrated here. There is no older school system in the country than that 
of New York, and there is no part of its civil organization of which it is 
more justly proud. 

The great work which New York State and its civil subdivisions do for 
the relief of pauperism, for the care of the insane and the education of 
the defective classes has been demonstrated at this exhibition as it has 
never been before. The whole range of activity of the charitable, correc- 
tional and reformatory institutions of the State has been shown in a way 
which makes the subject clearer than volumes of reports could do. It is 
the boast of our Christian civilization that it cares for those whom pagan 
civilization neglected. The private and public beneficence of New York 
transcends all limitations of sect or creed, and its graphic delineation here 
may well challenge the attention of the world. 

In all the work ot woman at the fair the women of New York have 
done their full share. They have decorated and furnished the library in 
the Woman's Building, they have been the largest contributors to its 
exhibit of works of art and its collection of articles of historical mterest. 
The trained nurses' exhibit was made under the supervision of the New 
York Board of "Women Managers, and the New York cooking school 
exhibit was organized under their auspices. They have installed one of 
the most interesting and instructive exhibits of the fair in a grouping of 
the results of the education of the women of the Afro- American race. 
The representatives of the women of New York at the Columbian Expo- 
sition have shown in every field of effort which has been open to them 
their characteristic capacity, enterprise and far-reaching sympathy with 
all that is best and noblest in human effort. 

New York has built two houses at the fair. One is the palatial struc- 
ture before us, a fitting representation of the dignity and opulence of tha 
Empire State. The other is a humble structure at the opposite end of the 
park destined to show how a workingman and his family may be enabled 
to live with due regard to the requirements of sanitation and healthful 
nutriment for $500 a year. The house in which we stand has been one of 
the sights of the fair. It has been a matter of pride to every New Yorker 
visiting Jackson Park that the headquarters of his State were so beautiful, 
80 commodious and so popular. He has found here the conveniences of 
a club, the educating influence of a museum, and the rest and refreshment 
of a summer villa. The true attitude of the people of New York toward 
this exposition has nowhere been more fitly represented than in the superb 
proportions and princely magnificence of this their State house of call. 
But if this be New York's idea of the regal attire which befits her as a 
guest at the table of nations, the other edifice — the model workingman's 



Rbpoet of Boaed of General Managers. 119 

home — is no less typical of her care for the welfare of the lowly and her 
sense that the qualities which go to make her great ai'e those which are 
nourished in the homes of the toilers. 

And, for all this and more than I have been able to specify in detail. 
New York has had her reward. Judged by the most practical standard, 
the foremost commercial State of the Union could afford to be represented 
here generously, even lavishly. Her producers and merchants could not 
if they would have been swayed by any narrow sectional prejudice, and 
it would have been foreign to all the history and alien to every great 
tradition of the State to have left any question about too frank and 
friendly rivalry with which it sought to enhance the glories of the Colum- 
bian Exposition. That has been recognized by every visitor to the fair, 
and by none more cordially than by this great, progressive and whole-souled 
western people, with whose interests our own are so closely bound. Their 
triumph here has been largely ours, and in their satisfaction with the 
grand, the world-famous result we can participate not onlj'^ without 
jealousy, but with the calm assurance that we have done our full share 
toward rendering it immortal. Had the fair, as most of us hoped, been 
held within our own borders, there would have been no grudging, halting 
CO operation from the West. Carried out as it has been on a scale more 
splen did and more comprehensive than we had ever dreamed of, it is a proud 
satisfaction to be able to say on behalf of New York : " We are in it as 
no other State is ; we are of it as no other State could be ; we shall come 
out of it with laurels which will be among the most cherished of our pos- 
sessions, and the most enduring part of the legacy which the Empire 
State of to-day will transmit to the remotest posterity." 

I cannot close without adding my contribution to the many tributes of 
respect that have been paid to the memory of the late Donald McNaughton, 
the chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers of the State 
exhibit. No man could have worked more assiduously, more laboriously 
than he did in preparing for an adequate representation of the State at the 
Columbian Exposition. With every detail of the process he was familiar, 
and no one can have felt more genuine satisfaction with the result. His 
whole public career was marked by absolute devotion to the interests of 
those whom he represented, and he brought to the discharge of his 
duties in connection with this fair a self-sacrificing conscientiousness 
which is not so common as to pass without special notice. The State is 
fortunate which can command the services of such men ; the State is 
great which out of the ranks of its citizenship can at all times summon 
such men to assume public responsibilities. Donald McNaughton was a 
genuine son of New York, and his pride in his native State was of that 



120 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

noble kind which made him ambitious to add to its historic luster. The 
career of such a man is a legacy of which the income never ceases to 
grow. For the example which he set and the public spirit which he diffused 
survive him in the lives of those who came within the sphere of his 
influence, and so, in ever-widening circles, the impulse derived from a 
good man's life helps the work of regenerating the world. Mr. Mc- 
Naughton lived long enough to see the fruit of his labors here, and died 
amid the very triumphs which he helped to create. There will be no 
need to fear about the future of New York while it is served by men so 
capable, so disinterested, and so patriotic as Donald McNaughton. 

Dieectoe-Geneeal Davis' Speech. 

The band played "Auld Lang Syne," and then Mr. Depew intro- 
duced Director-General Davis, who spoke as follows : 

I can heartily and cheerfully bear testimony to the claims you (the 
Governor) have presented so eloquently of New York's participation in 
this exposition. Much was expected from that great State, and I am glad 
to say its government and its citizens, as a whole, have not failed in meeting 
every expectation. While from the standpoint of the progressive and 
impatient West it may have been thought a little tardy in its preliminary 
action, we never lost faith in its intention and were fully aware of its 
capacity. 

To you, sir, as the chief executive of the State, we are under many 
obligations for your personal and official interest, always heartily mani- 
fested when opportunity or occasion required it. You, sir, and the citi- 
zens of New York can take a pardonable pride on this day in inspecting 
the grand exhibits which so well present the wonderful resources of the 
Empire State which have been installed upon these grounds. New York 
has been given in all of the departments prominent and positive position, 
and all the space assigned has been well and creditably occupied and main- 
tained to the great benefit of the exposition and to the glory and renown 
of your State. ' 

New York is not only fully represented here in all of the exhibit depart- 
ments, but she is and has been honorably and abundantly represented in 
the management and building of this exposition. It cannot be forgotten 
that Richard M. Hunt, the architect of the Administration Building, was 
the chairman of our board of architects; that George B. Post was the archi- 
tect of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, and that McKim, Mead 
& White were the architects of the Agricultural Building. You cannot 
look about these grounds without sedng the evidences of the handiwork 



Repoet of Boaed of Geneeax Managers. 121 

and artistic touch of St. Gaudens and Frank Millet, or view the exhibit of 
floriculture without being reminded that John Thorpe is with us. 

The deliberations of the Board of Lady Managers, in the absence of the 
president, are presided over with queenly grace by a lady from New 
York. I need not remind you that a citizen of New York is in immediate 
command of the important Bureau of Awards; that one of her most elo- 
quent orators delivered the oration on the occasion of the dedication of 
the grounds and buildings; that a citizen of that State, in the person of 
the Vice-President of the United States, accepted on behalf of the people 
of the United States the grounds and buildings for the purpose of an 
international exposition, and that still another citizen of New York, in 
the person of the President of the United States, set the wheels of the 
exposition in motion on opening day. 

New York has done splendidly, and to emphasize how fully we appre- 
ciate her great interest and her great work we have come here this morn- 
ing, accompanied by our chief oflicers, representing every part of the great 
organization which has carried on this work under the direction of the 
National Commission and the board of directors, to extend to the imperial 
Commonwealth of New York, in the person of her chief executive, a royal 
welcome to this imperial exposition of which New York is so important a 
part. 

The State Day Poem. 

Mr. Depew then introduced the poet of the day, Mr. Joseph O'Connor 
of tlie Rochester " Post-Express," who read the following poem ; 

It happens oftener than we deem 
That we should do the good unsought, unknown, 
Of which we did not dream; 
That from the good we aimed at we should swerve, 
And in our dear delusion so subserve 
God's purposes, as we defeat our own. 

The Genoese who sailed 
A westward course, in the wild hope to find 
The distant Indies, failed; 
But in the quest for the rich orient 
He touched the fringes of a continent 
And gainc d a nobler blessing for his kind; 

Though dying unaware 
Of the full fruitage of his enterprise 
And all its glory rare, 
And half believing Oiinoco's tide, 
16 



122 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Expositioh 

Far shining through the tropic forests wide- 
The stream around the Earthly Paradise. 

The Englishman who sought 
A land-locked passage unto far Cathay 
In vain, not vainly wrought; 
Since the great city of the younger world 
Has risen where the weary sails were furled, 
And Hudson sings his name in crooning spray. 

The earnest multitudes 
That hither came from many a distant strand 
And braved the solitudes, 
After the hope of brilliant conquest failed. 
And the fierce fever of adventure paled, 
Thought little of tlie future of the land. 

These simply yearned for peace; 
These for the right to conscience and to creed. 
And hate's surcease; 
And all rejoiced to hold some share of soil, 
Content to spend themselves in honest toil, 
And wait the garnered harvest from the planted seed. 

With nature face to face, 

Prom old condition and convention free, 

They grew in power and grace; 

Alert, elate, resourceful, confident. 

By wood and stream unawed they came and went, 

And drew the breath of ancient liberty. 

They had for heritage 
Old Europe's maxims and experience 
Of soldier, slave, and sage; 
But earth was round them in her virgin youth, 
Fi'om her they caught at primal right and tnith, 
And touched the meanings of Omnipotence. 

They never sought in sooth. 
The Eden visioned in Columbus' mind. 
Nor Leon's fount of youth, 
Nor cared if Raleigh's golden city gleam 
Afar in maze of misty hill and stream, 
Nor wished to voyage after Hudson's Ind. 
They toiled; and blest the spade; 



Report of Boaed of General ^Managers. 123 

They fought and did not scorn to praise the sword; 
They kept the laws they made; 
They hated privilege and laughed at birth 
That brought no heritage of grace and worth; 

They suffered and submitted to the Lord. 

And when occasion rose, 
Each frankly pledged his honor, fortune, life, 
Against oppressive foes; 
And fusing into loving brotherhood 
In flame of sacrifice and smoke of blood 
There came a nation from the happy strife — 

In all things brave and new. 
With realms of mountain, lake and sky-bound plain. 
And to this teaching true — 
Man's dignity, equality of men, 
A sovereignty in every citizen. 
The people's good the guaranty to reign. 

Oh, sailors, bold and brave, 
Of olden time, that took the wandering spray 
And climbed the unknown wave. 
Although we give to each due meed of fame 
And wreath with laurel every sea-sweet name, 
Te did not find nor make America! 
The hope, the love, the thought 
Of millions joined to nourish as it grew; 
The toil of ages wrought 
Through nature's ample dower of mine and field, 
And many a soldier fell across his shield 
Ere we could pause to find your sea dreams true — 

Lo, many a costly bale 
Beyond the scope of Asian caravan; 
A fountain in the vale 
Whose mists resolve the time-worn race's ills; 
A golden city in the distant hills; 
Almost an Eden for regenerate man! 

No wonder we rejoice! 
Tet breaking through the jubilee of praise 
There comes a warning voice. 
The tale of those that won, but could not hold, 



124 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Of those that rose with steel and fell with gold. 
The great republics of the ancient days. 

A touch of selfish greed, 
The taint of luxury in social health. 
The hates of class or creed. 
The lure in politics to civic guilt 
Might sap the stately home the fathers built 
And take the household spirit as by stealth; 

And in some coming time 
A generation might arouse in fear 
And sense of loss and crime, 
To find the new world faith and feeling dead 
The old world's standards ruling in their stead. 
And nothing but another Europe here ! 

Due honor to the lands 
From which we sprung; all hail the ancient fame 
Of kindred hearts and hands! 
But we began with all that they had won, 
A counsel of perfection calls us on; 
To do no more than they have done were shame. 

'Twere better far, I hold, 
To see the Iroquois supreme once more 
Among the forests old, 
From hill-girt Hudson's current broad and slow 
To where 'twixt Erie and Ontario 
Leaps green Niagara with a giant's roar; 

To see the paths pursued 
By commerce with her flying charioteers 
Tangled with solitude, 
The Indian trail uncoil among the trees. 
The council runner's torch against the breeze 
-kits signal fling — "the smoke that disappears;" 
To have the wigwam rise 
By summer-haunted Horicon so fair; 
Fruit blooms and grain-gold dies 
Fade from the shadows in Cayuga's tide. 
The vineyards fall on Keuki's sun beat side, 
The mill-crowned cliffs of Genesee made bare. 

'Twere better far desire 
To see Manhattan's self Hid desolate. 




< 

X 



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a: 



Kepoet of Boakd of Genekal Managees. 125 

Drear as another Tyre, 
Her palaces in ruins overset, 
Her shores begirt with weed and drying net, 
And not a lettered stone to tell her fate; 

Tea, and her rival here, 
Arising like the domes of Kubla Khan 
In poet's vision clear, 
. Dissolved as swift again along the strand 
To grassy swamps and dunes of sifted sand, 
Sputned by the scornful spray of Michigan. 

Such things must come again, 
Wherever in their hope and virtue rise 
A race of wise, free men; 
But what were grain field, railway, granite street, 
Or golden ornament, or gallant fleet. 
If he who made, whose service glorifies. 

Should suffer, shrink, and dwarf 
In plain, or mart, or by his factory wheels. 
Or on the crowded wharf ? 
Since not the mountain, in his cloudy stole, 
Nor the great sea, outranks the conscious soul 
That knows their glory and their beauty feels. 

But out on dreams of dread! 
In him I put my waking faith and trust, 
A king in heart and head, 
Who masters forces, shapes material things, 
Who loves his kind, whose common sense has wings. 
The true American, the kindly just, 
Full prompt in word and deed. 
And ready, to make good some human hope. 
In time of utter need, 
To cross at Delaware the ice's gorge, 
Or tread blood boltered snow at Valley Forge, 
Or keep at Gettysburg the gun-shook slope! 

And greater faith I ask 
For that mysterious power that watches o'er 
The workman at his task; 
That shapes his effort to the higher aim 
And will not let his straying fingers frame 
A graven thing — to worship and adore. 



126 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

After tlie reading of the poem the nieethig was turned into a recej)- 
tion, at wliicli several thousand visiting New Yorkers and others were 
introduced to Governor Flower and tlie State officers -wlio accompanied 
liim. 

In the evening a joint reception was given Governor Altgeld of 
Illinois, and Governor Flower of New York, in the State Ijuilding. 
Governor Altgeld extended, on behalf of the State of Illinois, a cordial 
greeting to New York's executive and other State officers, and spoke 
in a higlily complimentary way of the place New York liad taken in 
tlie exposition, and which her sons held throughout the "West. 
Governor Flower responded in a happy vein, and the evening was a 
delightful reunion of the citizens and friends of both States. 

The festal nature of New York's celebration was not confined to a 
single day, but ran through the greater part of the week. The chief 
event subsequent to the anniversary day, however, was the reception 
and ball given by the " Sons of New York " to Governor Flower and 
staif, State officials, and other executive officers. The " Sons of New 
York" is a society of Chicago, founded in ISOO. The object and the 
full significance of the gathering is well set forth in a souvenir prepared 
for the occasion by Mr. J. Ensign Fuller, a member of the society : 

History does not record the commemoration of an occasion in any 
manner similar to thia commingling of residents of two great States, but 
natives of only the onej under the roof and in the magnificent apart- 
ments of a building erected by the generous munificence of our mother 
State; upon spacious grounds furnished by tlieir adopted city, largely 
through the influence of the members of the society to which has come the 
honor of tendering this reception, and to crown all, within the inclosure 
of an exposition solemnizing the discovery of the great continent which 
has nurtured us, and participated in by every civilized nation upon the 
face of the earth. 

Upon these grounds, within these parental walls, in the beneficent 
shadow of the escutcheon of our great Empire State, and surrounded by 
its archives and memories, the Sons of New York bid you all a hearty 
welcome to the great city of their adoption and to their hearts and homes. 

Less than four years ago this society was formed by a few energetic 
sons of New York, partly to assist in accomplishing the grand result of a 
world's fair, and to show to the world the peculiar advantages of their 
wonderful city for its location, but principally, as shown by its charter, 
"To keep fresh in the memory of every son and daughter of New York, 
resident in Illinois, the glory and honor of the Empire State, and by 



Repoet of Boaed of Geneeaj. Managees. 127 

meetings, readings, lectures and other ways promote social, intellectual 
. and friendly relations among the members and their families." How well 
the sentiment is a})preciated and nurtured can best be understood from 
the record, which shows a membership living of nearly VOO, and a page " in 
raemoriam" of worth}'' men who have upheld the honor and aided in 
expanding the mutual and friendly relations of all citizens of their grand 
old native State. 

We thank the chief executive of that srreat State and his trusted aids 
and her ever-kindly board of managers for this opportunity of mingling 
with all these' denizens " fresh from her granite hills and sparkling streams," 
who bring to us the fragrance of her sun-kissed mountains, and the odor 
of her salt-sea shores. In extenuation of the principles upon which our 
society is founded, we cordially open wide its doors, and reaching out the 
honest hand of fellowship, invite you all within the pale of its domain, 
whether natives or sons or daughters of a native, all are welcome so long 
as by their thought and work they glorify the record of the dear old 
mother State, and raise aloft the standard of Excelsior. 

The reception was one of the most brilliant of the season. Admis- 
sion was by invitation only, and the spacious rooms were filled with 
statelj men and Leantiful women hound 1)y the common tie of an 
ancestry native to the Empire State. Before the dancing began, the 
president of the society, Hon. De Witt C. Cregiei-, ex-mayor of Chi- 
cago, spoke as follows : 

The sons and daughters of New York are proud of their native State 
and no less proud of the great State and city of their adoption — Illmois 
and Chicago. We recognize New York as the Empire State of the repub- 
lic. At the same time we do not lose sight of the fact that Illinois is the 
Empire State of the great west. Within their respective domains are 
located the two great metropolitan cities of the American continent — New 
York and Chicago — the former ripe with age and mighty in her achieve- 
ments, the latter, although comparatively but an infant in years, yet a 
giant in everything that pertains to an enlightened and progressive 
civilization. 

As American citizens we are proud of the majesty and grandeur of 
our common country, of which the States of New York and Illinois, with 
their grand progressive cities. New York and Chicago, are prominent and 
important factors. Let us then cultivate the splendid fellowship that 
inspired the grand old sages and patriots during the formative period of 
our free government. Let not the breath of idle report, however fragrant, 
obtrude where only comity and fraternity should exist between States and 



128 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

between cities. Let us indulge the hope that our country and her institu- 
tions may endure for all time and the people thereof may be imbued with 
the high and ennobling principles of " Excelsior," " State sovereignty and 
National union." 

Gov. Flower responded on behalf of the State of New York : 

Ladies and Gentlemen : 

In my remarks in this building yesterday I did not allude to the most 
important exhibit which the State of New York has in this great White 
City. I purposely withheld mention of it for this occasion. This exhibit 
is not formally a part of the exposition ; it is not installed in any particu- 
lar place; it does not come before any jury of awards — but the visitor 
encounters it all over these grounds. It is visible in the architecture of 
the best of these beautiful buildings and in the wonderful landscape set- 
ting which has helped so much to reveal their beauty. It was prominent 
in the energy and business ability which made the success of the exposi- 
tion assured. It is found in the administration of all the great depart- 
ments of the fair. It is represented here to-night in this hospitable home 
in numbers and in enthusiasm, and I ask you is there any finer exhibit 
than the spirit and presence of the sons of New York ? 

1 did not expect you would answer yes. Everywhere the sons and 
daughters of the Empire State are leaders. Everywhere in this broad 
land they reflect credit and praise upon the home of their nativity. The 
energy, ability and progressiveness which have made their native State 
the first in wealth and intelligence and population and material resources 
have made her sons foremost in building up the civilization and prosperity 
of every section of the country. This marvelous western metropolis which 
most of you have made your adopted home is New York's grandchild. 
New York made possible Chicago's great growth when she opened through 
her territory the Erie canal, and thereby connected the seaboard with the 
prairie and provided all-water transportation for the products of the West. 
The importance of that bold and stupendous achievement in the develop- 
ment of.^ the West cannot be over estimated. In the States around the 
shores of the Great Lakes are congregated now fullj^ half the people of 
the nation. The same waters flow past the borders of eight powerful 
States, linking them all in one commercial fraternity, with common inter- 
ests and ambitions. Into this rich and resourceful region — now the bus- 
iest and most productive of any similar geographical extent in the land — 
New York sent out her sons in great numbers. They have plunged mto 
its industries and business. They have helped build its great cities and 
create its enormous wealth. Thev have aided in the establishment of its 



E.EPOET OF BoAED OF Geneeal Managees. 129 

schools and churches and in all that has conserved to advance its ideals of 
civilization. You who are here to-day — the sons of New York in Chi- 
cago — know better than I can tell you what hardships were gone through, 
what obstacles were overcome, but we of the East do know what victories 
you have won and what undreamed-of success your efforts have attained. 
And when we- reflect in how large a part are these victories and this suc- 
cess due to the sons of the Empire State, we are more than ever convinced 
that the motto of our forefathers which is emblazoned on our escutcheon 
is no empty language but the constant aim and hope of a splendid race 
wherever they are found — Excelsior! 

I need not say we are particularly glad to meet our Chicago relatives 
to-night. We feel it is largely owing to your eiforts not only that the 
Columbian Exposition is so great a success but that New York has been 
able to occupy so prominent a part in it. I am sure I voice the sentiment 
of the New York managers as well as that of the State officers and the 
citizens for whom I speak when I give testimony to the uniform courtesy 
and good will which have marked the attitude of the managers of the 
exposition towards our State. We feel that for this kind treatment and 
consideration we are in no small degree indebted to the sons of New York 
in Chicago. It was your loyalty to your native State, your pride in its 
resources and your love for its pre-eminence, that have smothered all jeal- 
ousies, smoothed out all difficulties and enabled New York and its people 
to be adequately represented in this greatest of international expositions. 
As Governor of New York I am glad of this opportunity to thank you on 
behalf of the State for your splendid services and to meet here person- 
ally those who have proved themselves true and noble sons of the Empire 
State. 

The reception committee of the Sons of New York numbered 100 
prominent Chicago business men, among whom were such well-known 
names as De Witt C. Cregier, Lyman J. Gage, C. L. Hammond, John 
P. Hopkins, James H. McViekar, Walter C. Newberry, Potter 
Palmer, John 'T. Sliavne, and many others closely identified with 
the city's growth and prosperity. Many prominent State and govern- 
ment officials were present as guests of tlie society, and the reception 
was marked by a spirit of good-fellowsliip and cameradaTie rarely found 
in a public reception where the majority of those attending met for 
the first time. 

The remaining chief events of the week were the ball given Wednes- 
day evening, September sixth, by j\Irs. Ralph Trautman of JSfew York, 
and Mrs. Francis B. Clark of St. Paul, to the Army and Navy officers ; 
lY 



130 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

the Ijanquet given on the seventh to the raih'oad officers of tlie north- 
west by the foreiern commissioners at the fair in return for the courte- 
sies extended in their tour to the Dakota wheat fields ; and the 
Japanese tea given by the New York board September eiglitli, to 800 
invited guests, followed by an exhibition by the Royal Japanese dan- 
cers of the typical folk and religious dances of the Orient. 

The Army and Xavy ball was given as a special compliment to the 
United States officers on duty at the fair, and was a particularly 
brilliant success. The grand march was led by Governor Flower of 
New York, and ISIrs. Potter Palmer ; Governor Pattison of Pennsyl- 
vania and Mrs. Trautman ; Governor Peck of Wisconsin and Mrs. 
Clarke ; Governor Waite of Colorado and Miss Minor. The chief foreign 
commissioners and attaches were also present, and the handsome cos- 
tumes and glittering uniforms presented a brilliant scene in tlie 
gorgeously decorated hall. 

During the whole of New York's gala week the weather and all 
exterior circumstances were most favorable, and the period was marked 
in tlie history of the exposition for its series of brilliant social events. 

Manhattan Day. 

During the New York celebration it was several times remarked that 
New York city should have a day for her special glorification, for the 
double purpose of affording as many of her citizens as possible an 
uneq^ualed opportunity for making the journey, and of offering to 
Cliicago in person lier sincere congratulations on the success of the 
exposition. The idea found a warm advocate in Tliomas F. Gilroy, 
mayor of New York city, and he immediately set on foot the neces- 
sary preliminaries. Tlie press of New York heartily supported the 
project, and the leading citizens were favorable to it. 

On September 27, 1893, Mayor Gilroy appointed a citizens' com- 
mittee, '^numbering 225 persons, the majority of whom accepted. 
October twenty-first ^vas fixed upon as the best date for " Manhattan 
day," as it was termed by common consent, and the choice was 
approved by the exposition authorities. The railroads offered the low 
rate of fifteen dollars for the i-ound trip, and complete arrangements 
were made by the managing eoumiittee for a successful excursion. 
An effort was made to secure tlie attendance of the Seventh Kegiment, 
but as nearly all its mendjers Jiad been on their vacation and a majority 
of them had already visited the fair, it was deemed inadvisable by tlieir 



Ueport of Boaed of General Managers. 131 

officers. Tlie famous Old Guard of New York decided to attend 
and were a distinctive feature of the parade. 

The day dawned gloomy and sullen, but towards noon the sun broke 
through, and the skies cleared brightly for the ceremonies. In the 
early part of the season the attendance would have been considered 
enormous, but coming so soon after Chicago day, with its unprecedented 
crowd of 750,000 people, the 300,000 present was somewhat disappoint- 
ing to the exposition authorities who had confidently expected, and 
widely advertised that the half-million mark would be reached. The 
failure was probably due to this very cause, barring a few thousands 
who may have been kept at home by the gloomy morning. No one 
who had experienced Chicago day, its mass of densely packed humanity, 
the utter futility of sight-seeing and the tedious waits for transporta- 
tion could be expected to deliberately subject themselves to the possi- 
bility of another such occasion. Consequently Chicago people wisely 
staid at home, the visitors within her gates came. Still, with the excep- 
tion of Chicago day and the three days immediately following during 
which the influx of ^dsitors for Chicago day remained, Manhattan da}^ 
was signalized by the largest attendance of the season. It is impossible 
to estimate the number of New Yorkers f)resent. Seventy-five thou- 
sand badges were distributed from the State building to New York cit- 
izens or those affiliated with the State, and a conservative estimate 
placed the number in attendance from New York city at 25,000 ; a 
very large number certainly for a city one thousand miles away, and 
indicative of the interest taken in the fair. 

The programme for the day passed off smoothly and was full of inter- 
est. The various civic and military organizations entered the grounds 
during the forenoon, and at one o'clock the literary exercises at Festival 
Hall were Ijeguii. At their close the " Manhattan day " parade was 
formed in the ^south end of the grounds. It was led hj tiie Elgin Band 
and the Cliicago Hussars, under command of Captain E. L. Brand. 
Following came the First Illinois Regiment National Guard, with 
band ; the Old Guard Band ; the Old Guard ; carriages containing 
civic dignitaries ; and the Sons of New York, 600 strong, under com- 
mand of Captain Miles. The procession moved to the north end of 
the grounds and was reviewed at the New York State Building by 
Mayors Harrison and Gilroy and Major-General Nelson A. Miles U. S. 
A. In the evening a brilliant display of fireworks took place on the 
lake front. 



132 New Y(ikk at tiik "World's Coi-unnuAN Eximsition. 

Tlie literary prograiunie in Festival Hall was one of the Lest of the 
exposition. The full prograiimie is as follows : 

Music, Ovoiture to " William Tell" Thirteenth Regt. (N. Y.) Hand, 

Prayer The Rev. John W. Brown. 

Address of Welcome Maj'or Ilanison. 

Address iu Response Mayor Gilroy. 

Address Gen. Horace Porter. 

" Star Spangled Banner " Columbian Chorus. 

Poem, " New York to Chicago " Joseph I. C. Clarke, recited by 

Agues Booth. 

Address Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. 

" Keller's American Hymn " Columbian Chorus. 

Address Hon. John R. Fellows. 

" Battle Hymn of the Republic " Columbian Chorus. 

Address Dr. Seth Low. 

" My Country, 'Tis of Thee " Columbian Chorus. 

Benediction The Most Rev. M. A. Corrigan. 

Mayor Carter II. Harrison welcomed the New York guests in warm- 
est terms. He spoke of the great success of the fair, and declared 
that much was due to the collective and individual efforts of the New 
Yorkers, whose geuerosity was exenipliHed iu every portion and all 
departments of the exposition. The home of the State of New York 
on the grounds had always been a scene of the most generous hospital- 
ity and was one of the most popular resorts within the exposition 
gates. The mayor then alluded pleasantly to the good feeling exist- 
ing between the two great cities of the Western World, and closed 
with a warm eucoraium on the wealth and worth of the Empire State. 

The insertion of Mayor Harrison's speech in full is unfortunately 
impossible as no record of it lias been found, owing probably to the 
confusion attendant upon his assassination which occurred the follow- 
ing week. Carter H. Harrison was a liberal, broad-minded man and a 
conspicuous e.vample of what pluck and energy will do for a man in 
America. Pie was one of the firmest friends of New York's interests 
at the fair and one of his last public acts was the delivery of this 
speech of welcome to her representatives. It was with profound 
regret that New York heard of his untimely death. 

In responding to Mayor Harrison's welcome, Mayor Gilroy of New 
York spoke as follows : 




UOORWAV 1-RoM GRAND bl AIRCAbt 



Keport of Board of General Managers. 133 

Ladies mid Gentlemen : 

It is with feelings of profound pleasure that I reciprocate the greet- 
ings of Mayor Harrison, and express the gratitude of all New Yorkers at 
the kind manner In which they were conveyed. It is an honor, indeed, 
for New Yorkers to be present upon this memorable occasion, and we 
have more than ordinaiy satisfaction in testifying to our appreciation of 
the energy, industry and liberality which have distinguished the people of 
Chicago in getting up this magnificent exposition. There can be no doubt 
that the result of such expositions as this will be to bring together all the 
peoples of all countries in closer communion. 

New York has been, mdeed, anxious to obtain the location of the 
World's Fair, but, although a New Yorker of New Yorkers, I cannot help 
expressing the belief that it would be difficult, if not impossible, for New 
York or any other city on the globe to have exceeded the magnificence of 
this great fair. It is not alone Chicago that is to be congratulated ; it is 
the whole country, and, indeed, the whole civilized world, of which this 
great exposition is but an epitome. We take pride, as New Yorkers, in 
being a portion of that great country, the genius of which has made such 
an exhibition possible. 

No one who has visited the great White City can ever forget it, and 
the spectacle of the Court of Honor, illuminated by electric lights, with its 
fountains playing, surrounded by buildings of superb architectural con- 
struction, is a dream of beauty materialized. There is one sad reflection 
connected with the White City. It is that within a few weeks, or months, 
at furthest, the magnificent specimens of architectural art, together with 
all that they contain of human greatness and civilization, will pass away. 
I cannot help but think that an outlay, however great, that would tend to 
preserve those magnificent buildings in monumental marble would be an 
expenditure for which the country would receive a hundredfold in the lib- 
eral education- which our population would receive in visiting them, and 
in the expansion of mind and elevation of thought which they would 
eventually have. 

The best eflEects of mankind from all portions of the globe; architec- 
ture in its grandest forms; the marvelous possibilities of electrical science 
as shown by the human voice transmitted so as to be heard far away over 
a wire; the beautiful and astonishing productions of manufactures and the 
liberal arts; machine power, which challenges the admiration of mankind; 
the best products of the fruits of the earth ; in fact, this great exposition, 
with all its wealth of the products of civilization and progress, closes an 
era and marks an epoch. It is the transfiguration of man's industry and 
man's effort. It is a subject to which it would be impossible for me to 



134 New York at th?: World's Columrian Exposition. 

do justice. It is ouly fitting that I should pay this passing tribute to its 
greatness and its grandeur. 

There are others to follow who are better fitted and more capable of 
doing justice to this magnificent theine. To them I will leave the pleasant 
task. Again, ladies and gentlemen, as the chief magistrate of the empire 
city of this country, I welcome you to the " White City," created by the 
metropolis of the West, and hope and believe that this renewed inter- 
course will bring these two cities more closely in a bond of union and 
brotherly love." 

General Horace Porter sjioke as follows: 

As in ancient times all roads led to Rome, so at the present time all 
roads lead to Chicago. To-day the city of the seaboard comes to lay its 
tribute of admiration and respect at the feet of the city of the lakeside. 
Therefore, in what I shall have to say, my story will be " A Tale of Two 
Cities." 

When "Manhattan day" was designated and consecrated as a day in 
which the city of New York was to offer its testimonial of apprecialion 
to the great exposition, her citizens arose en masse to make their pilgrim- 
age to the fair. The numbers that have come have been limited only by 
the limit of transportation. 

My first and most agreeable duty is to express to the officers of the 
exposition and to the people of Chicago in the name of the people of New 
York their profound acknowledgments and their deep senso of gratitude 
for the cordial and unbounded welcome which has been extended to them. 
Your people have vied with one another in pressing the cup of greeting 
to our lips ere we could remove the stains of travel from our garments. 
We have come to unite with you in the celebration of four centuries of 
history. We stand here to-day entranced with the grandeur of achieve- 
ments, inspired by the majesty of events. We find ourselves within the 
border of a State which did not exist at the time of the inauguration of 
our national government, but which now contains a single city with a 
population nearly half as great as that of all the thirteen original States. 
We are enchanted b}^ the sight of this phantom city, phantom-like in color, 
phantom-like in the suddenness with which it has appeared before the 
eyes of men. We fiml its buildings palaces, its grounds gardens, its lakes, 
lagoons and islands a picture of fair^ylaud, looking as if it liad been sum- 
moned into being by the magic wand of an enchantress. We are almost 
awe-stricken as we stand within the shadows of these majestic temples of 
art. Every branch of every science and of every ait seems to have been 
laid under contribution in the achievement of these marvelous results. 



Eepoet of Boakd of Genekal Managers. 135 

You have taught us that art is more God-like than science, for while 
science discovers, art creates. If an emperor could stoop to pick up the 
brush dropped by a Titian, if Meissonier could kiss the slipper once worn 
by a Michael Angelo, all men may bow to art. The art works upon which 
wo gaze to-day speak a universal language and impart a lasting pleasure 
to all. They appeal to our highest senses and awake our noblest emotions. 
They are an eternal benediction. They induce the power of reflection 
and inspire us with the majesty of the creative faculty. They cause us 
to realize more fullj^ than ever before Lytton's definition of art: "The 
effort of man to express the ideas suggested to him by nature of a 
power above nature, whether that power lie within the recesses of his 
own being in that great first power of which nature, like himself, is but 
an effect." 

A visit to the fair is the equivalent to a trip around the entire circuit 
of the world. Here we meet the peoples of the nations ; we hear their 
language and their music ; we see their faces and familiarize our- 
selves with their manners and customs. Here we are carried back 400 
years in history. We see upon land the reproduced monastery of La Rabida, 
upon the water the historic caravels, those brave little craft, frail in 
structure and diminutive in size, yet which rode the waves long enough 
to penetrate the mystery of the seas, to reconstruct the map of the world 
and shed upon the gloom of the dark ages the light of a modern civiliza- 
tion ; those vessels which brought to our shores the illustrious navigator 
who broke the shackles of superstition, calmed the fears of timid men and 
gave a new world to commerce, to science and to civilization. From the 
progress made in the past who can tell how far the giant republic will 
400 years hence dominate the policy of the world ? This nation was 
not born among the fabled tales and mysteries of barbaric ages, but 
planted, fully equipped, upon this virgin continent. It has been woven 
of the stoutest filjres of other lands and nurtured by a commingling of the 
best blood of other nations. America has now thrown off the swaddling 
clothes of infancy and stands clothed in the robes of majesty and power 
in which the God who made her intends that she shall henceforth tread 
the earth. 'J'o day she may be seen moving at the head of the procession 
of tlie world's events, leading the van of civilized and Christianized 
liberty, her manifest and avowed destiny to light the path of liberty 
throughjut the world till human freedom and human rights become the 
common heritage of mankind. In the working out of this destiny we feel 
assurad of the events of this memorial day that Chicago and New York 
will always be found laboring in common for the nation's common good, 
and in all thing.s pertaining to our national prosperity, moving forward 



136 New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

with one purpose, standing shoulder to shoulder and locking their shields 
together like the men in the Roman phalanx of old. 

We of New York are proud to find ourselves to-day within the con- 
fines of this city of the northwest, a city in which busy thoughts and vivid 
images crowd the mind, in which " no man shapes himself betimes to idle- 
ness ;" a city which is not a sepulchre of buried ages, but the birthplace 
of modern ideas ; a city which is not lightened by the smiles of djdng 
emperors, but by the gleam of the future glorious. Our two cities were 
contestants for the exposition. Chicago fairly won the prize. To-day 
the people of New York come to greet you, not only through their repre- 
sentatives, but they come themselves with hearts untouched by jealousy, 
with souls unmoved by rivalry, they cry out to you with the acclaim : 
" God bless Chicago ; God speed the fair." 

Manhattan Day Poem; By Joseph I. Claeke. 
Recited by Agnes Booth. 

I. 

Queen of the West, whose arms outspread 

Give welcome to the world, 
Where lifts in sunshine thine imperial head, 
Joy in thy glance and vigor in thy tread, 

For thee our flag's unfurled, 
Chicago ! 

Hail ! 'mid thy lofty piles that rise — 

Dreams of divinest art. 
Dreams ages dared not realize 
Until the flash of thy brave eyes 

Bade them to life to start. 

In majesty whose sight enthralls, 

In beauty born of light. 
Swift rose thy spacious palace halls. 
Pillars and domes and sculptured walls, 

A miracle in white. 

Lo, as thy giant labors ceased. 

The nations entered in 
With world-culled wonders to thy feast. 
Now come we from the sunrise East, 

To hail thee next of kin, 
Chicago ! 




o 



g 

I- 
< 






B.EPOET OF BoAjjD OF Geneeal Managees. 137 

II. 

From fai' we've watched thee gather strength and power, 
With genii growth made mighty hour hy hour. 
We saw thee tiame-swept and from ashes rise 
While vet thy smoke pall hovered in the skies. 
Indomitable, born to conquer Fate 
And tread thy bold path eager and elate, 
' The cornland pouring treasure at thy feet 
And all the wheatland heaping thee with wheat, 
Thine iron highways silvering the meads. 
The rolling thunder of thine iron steeds ; 
The far snow mountains sending thee their gold, 
Thy waters rich with cargoes manifold ; 
Thy pulses quickened with the wind that sweeps 
O'er flow'ring prairies and foam blossomed deeps, 
The young blood making crimson on thy cheek 1 
Welcome from thee may well the mighty seek ! 
Welcome to-day Manhattan claims from thee, 
By sister-longing as of lake for sea ! 

III. 

We lay at thy feet, oh, sister sweet, 

A wreath of laurel green. 
Oh, sister strong, it is brought with song 

And joy to our Prairie Queen. 

In our joy there rings the note that brings 

The ocean surf to shore ; 
In our song there swells the joy that tells 

Of shi^js the wind before. 

Thy corn-plume waves where redskin braves 

Shook dancing plumes abreeze ; 
Our trumpet hails where the foreign sails 

Once lorded shores and seas. 

From the salt, green verge of our ocean surge 

We sweep in a torrent blithe 
Through corn-seas deep to plant and keep 

The trident by the scythe. 

From the wind-swept home of wave and foam, 
Where sea-won empire stands, 
18 



138 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

We come on a tide of love and pride 
To kiss thy foam-white hands. 

The sheen of thy lakes in silver breaks 

Thy girdle of cornland gold, 
And their waters swoon in the cool lagoon 

Thy glory to behold. 

Now slow, now fleet, thy waters sweet 

Thou sendest down to sea. 
Our love flies back by a straighter track, 

And sweet as thy waters be. 

Oh, sister white, in the autumn light 

The East salutes the West, 
And may ever so, transfigured, glow, 

The sisters, breast to breast. 

IV. 

Nor alone do we stand in thy temple ground, 
For sisters and sisters are gathering round 
From the garlanded maid by the Golden Gate 
To the Creole Queen do we joyously wait — 
A throng of the cities encircling thy throne, 
With the horns of our gladness stormily blown, 
And chords from our harps thrilling clear between, 
In the praise of our glad-hearted Prairie Queen ; 
But louder than rise the brave harmonies free. 
There springs from our lips like the voice of the sea 
When smiting of wind rolls in thunder its waters. 
The song to our mother, the song of her daughters — 
Song such as never was sung to another, 
The chant of our glory, the praise of our mother, 
c Mother America! 

V. 

Mightiest type of the human. 

Giant-limbed motlier of men. 
Broad-breasted mother of woman; 

Whose millions are sixty and ten: 

Mother majestic and splendid. 
Mother of glories and joys, 



Repoet of Boaed of Geneeax Managers. 139 

By wisdom and power attended, 
Jubilant mother of boys: 

Mother m )st tender and holy, 

Whose tears are as lovely as pearls; 
Guardian of gentle and lowly, 

Delicate mother of gii'ls: 

Mother of mountain and river. 

Who looketh from foam to foam — 
Mothtr, the bountiful giver, 

Beautiful mother of home: 

Mother of sower and reaper, 

Of crops and of fruitful soil. 
Of manhood the builder and keeper, 

Mother of glorified toil: 

Mother of fruit and of flower, 

Of the flocks' and herds' increase; 
Mother of sunbeam and shower, 

Plentiful mother of peace : 

Mother of science, far-reaching. 

Of music that swells from thy heart. 
Of beauty beyond the old teaching. 

Mother of purified art: 

Mother, whose bosom shall mingle 

The red of all blood that flows. 
Till lastly it runneth as single 

And pure as the streams from snows: 

Mother, the roseate ever. 

Robed in the sunset's bars. 
Mother of lofty endeavor, 

Crowned with the diamond stars: 

Mother, our love thy defender. 

Mother, thy love our might. 
Mother, thy glory our splendor, 

Mother of freedom and light: 
Mother America! 



140 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

VI. 

Hark to the march of the millions whose murmurous work songs arise 

at the dawn, 
Humming and throbbing and clanking their looms and their engines till 

day has withdrawn, 
Chaining the forces of earth and of air as their slaves for the saving of toil. 
Seeking new secrets and heaping up trophies of science in spoil upon spoil. 
What can withstand them, what can o'ermatch them in prowess and riches 

and pride ? 
Wonder not, then, that new millions are pouring upon us on tide after 

tide — 
Pale-fronted millions grown bitter from holding the stirrups and bridles 

of kings. 
Praying but light and a spade in the open — for manhood that labors and 

sings. 
Oh, for these newly-come brothers and sisters, yea, for ourselves, let us ask, 
Have we not grander and brighter a guerdon to offer than song with a 

task? 
What to grow richer in gold till our eagles outnumber our tassels of com, 
If in the land of the eagle our souls cannot soar on the wings of the morn ? 
What to grow miglitier, huger and greater, many as sands of the sea, 
If we grow not even better and purer, happier, gladder, more free ? 
Free with a freedom of sunshine and breezes, glad as the waters that leap, 
Happy as love on the lips of a maiden, and pure as an infant asleep. 
Glory abonnding, 
Joy resounding. 
Between the oceans, 'neath the dome above; 
Land of the strong. 
To thee belong 
Forever and forever light and love. 

The next orator was Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, who spoke as follows : 

One -of the most interesting as well as important incidents of the mam- 
moth and marvelous exhibition has been the celebrations. National, State 
and civic. While the governments of Europe are imposing additional 
burdens upon already over-burdened people to increase their great mili- 
tary and naval forces, while the world outside of the United States is 
either an armed camp or engaged in active hostilities, these emulous and 
friendly meetings of conflicting races within these walls demonstrate the 
possibilities and illustrate the hopes of the world for civilization and peace. 
Great Britain and Russia, Germany and France, Italy and Austria may. 




2 

< 



z 

3 



z 
z 



Repoet of Board of General Managers. 141 

through their governors and their armies and navies, be prepared for wars 
of extermination across the Atlantic, but on this side and within the gates 
of the White City each of them rejoices in the triumphs of the other and 
applauds its efforts in the celebration of any excelle .ce or advance in the 
industrial arts. 

The influence of this commingling of races upon the lofty plane of 
human achievement and progress, of the commingling of clashing creeds 
in the congress of religions carried by representatives here present to all 
parts of the habitable globe, must result in nobler aspirations and greater 
efforts for the friendship of nations and the harmony of the world. 

Our interests as a republic have been especially concentrated in the 
celebrations of the several States of the Union. When Illinois or 
Pennsylvania, Ohio or Wisconsin, Kansas or Missouri, California or 
Oregon, Georgia or South Carolina, or any of the newer sisters of the 
West have done their best, the exhibit of their excellence and develop- 
m.ent has sent thrills of honest pride and joy through the Empire State of 
New York. It has been a pride and joy shared by all the States when 
each one has demonstrated its claims for distinction and exhibited its 
growth. The lesson has been enforced over and over again until it has 
become the morning and evening salutation in every household in this 
broad land, that we are one people, the citizens of one great republic and 
that whatever there is in any department of civilization or liberty, which 
constitutes the jieculiar merit of any State, is the common property of all 
the Commonwealths of the American Union. 

In this glorious festival and generous rivalry it was eminently fit that 
Chicago should take the lead. The 700,000 of her sons and daughters 
who passed through the gates of the White City on " Chicago day " were 
the living witnesses of the indomitable courage, the unfailing enthu- 
siasm, the comprehensive wisdom and the brilliant genius which con- 
ceived and executed upon such superb lines by a world's exposition the 
celebration of the 400th year of the discovery of America No 
such crowd ever before was gathered upon a civic occasion within the walls 
of the temporary abiding place of a fair dedicated to industry and art. 
Properly concentrated and distributed, they would form a constituency 
sufficiently large to be represented in the United States Senate by enough 
Senators to block the wheels of legislation and stop the movement of 
government for the next century. 

We entered into the contest with Chicago, seeking to have the 
World's Fair located in New Vork. I speak within bounds when I say 
there is to-day no one in New York who is not glad that Chicago sue- 
ceeded in that struggle. I s]jeak authoritatively for the 3,000,000 of 



142 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

people who constitute the metropolis in conveying to Chicago their cor- 
dial congratulations upon her unequaled success in this great undertaking. 
The world needed a demonstration of what the American people in a new 
country, under new conditions and without traditions, could accomplish, 
and they have had it. 

There is no rivalry, and can be none between New York and Chicago. 
New York is misunderstood because she has got so big that she has passed 
beyond the possibility of exhibiting her interests or enthusiasm. Things 
happen in New York every day and pass unnoticed which take rank with 
cyclones and earthquakes in other places. At the time when the press of 
this country and abroid was filled with the prodigious growth of the towns 
of the West and Northwest, there was a development going on in real 
estate west of Central Park which, in increase of population, in the cost 
of construction of buildings and enhancement of v.ilue of land was 
greater than in any three or four of the booming towns of the country. 

The period of rivalry of cities in the United States has passed ; 
the period of competition of municipalities for competitive trade has gone 
by. The prodigious development of the internal commerce of the coun- 
try and the equally remarkable increase of transportation facilities to 
meet it have thrown upon the great cities of the United States opportuni- 
ties and responsibilities greater than they can manage. It was possible 
twenty-five years ago for any great city by increasing by liberal appropri- 
ations its rail and water communications to side-track a rival. But that 
day has gone by. 

The United States, stretching as it does from ocean to ocean, requires 
two commercial capitals, one for the coast and the other for the interior. 
The capital on the coast, which must necessarily be the capital of the con- 
tinent, has been fixed for half a century. The capital of the interior has 
been located by this fair. Chicago is to be the center, gathering the pro- 
ducts of the fields and of the mines, and New York the reservoir for their 
distribution through the country and abroad. 

New York can afford to exercise the quality for which she is distin- 
guished of^ recognizing and applauding the merits of Boston and Phila- 
delphia, of Chicago and St. Louis, of New Orleans and San Francisco. 
She is proud of Duluth and Kansas City, of Portland, Oregon, and Port- 
land, Maine. She knows that by the attractions of gravitation and oppor- 
tunity, which have made London and Paris, the best products of literature, 
of the professions, of the arts, of the dramatic and of the lyric stage, seek 
fame and fortune in New York. She knows that she is and every year 
will become more potentially the literary and financial center of the 
North American and South American continents. Every university, every 



Hepoet of Boaed of General IMana&ees. 143 

thriving community, every condition of remarkable enterprise anywhere 
■ in the United States is a nursery for "New York. The intellectual and 
material development, the growth and progress of any part of the coun- 
try, while creating States and cities, are also creating new sources of 
wealth and power for the cosmopolitan city of the New World. 
All hail, Chicago! All haU, New York! 

A short addi-ess by Hou. John R. Eellows of Xew York came next. 

Mr. Chairman: 

It was only an hour or two ago that I came upon these magnificent 
grounds and looked upon a sight which shall never be furnished again for 
mortal eyes to gaze upon. It is not until the gates of Paradise unfold 
to receive New York and a good share of Chi -ago, that we shall witness 
such a vision again. It surpasses all power of imagination, it infinitely 
transcends all power of description. He that comes into this grand court 
for the first time and witnesses that unequaled display which greets the 
eye, cannot form words in which to express his emotion. 

I had a dream of the fair. I had read of it, but I felt how truly 
insignificant my imagination was when I stood in the presence of the 
incomparable reality. I am profoundly gratified and shall be to the end 
of my days, that it was given me to bring my children here to look upon 
this scene, so that they may carry it as a pleasant memory throughout 
life. I am grateful that the privilege was given me from my place in 
Congress to vote and speak in behalf of the appropriation which indicated, 
to some extent at least. Federal recognition of the grandeur of the 
enterjjrise. 

The buildings will soon disappear, the limitation of the mighty pageant 
is almost reached, and its beauty, grandeur and life will fade away ; but 
the lessons which have been taught will survive through all the years. 
This magnificent White City has received within its limits representative 
men and women of every clime and people upon oar globe. Not only the 
Orient has been represented, but the distant isles of the sea, the interior 
of Africa, and the frozen regions of the North have sent their people here 
to assist in proclaiming the community of earth's interest, the great brother- 
hood of man. As I passed by Machinery Hall to-day and heard the hum of 
its throbbing wheels and looms, I began to realize what it is you have 
accomplished for the world. Let your vision extend beyond this White 
City and out into the future brought so much closer by your efforts and 
energy. It means to the community of the earth, the linking together in 
common association the peoples of the world. We are weaving the gar- 
ments of a better and purer civilization, linking the past to the present. 



144 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

We are realizing the high conception of the Eoglish laureate when he 
contemplated a parliament of men, a federation of the world. 

We in New York were anxious to secure this great enterprise, and it 
would have been a city of poor and mean pretensions that would not have 
sought to hold within its municipal arms the wonderful achievements we 
behold here to-day, and New York is no mean city. But Chicago won it. 
I don't believe that there is an intelligent being within the limits of our 
great metropolis but that has shared in the glorious success of this fair, 
and in the pride which all feel in this magic, this incomparable enterprise. 

We do not come here in envious mood, but to express to you citizens 
of Chicago our thanks for your contribution, not only to a majority, but 
to civilization and Christianity throughout the world. 

The literary prograninie was concluded by the following address 
delivered by Seth Low, president of Coliuul)ia College : 
Fellow-citizens of Chicago and New York: 

When Governor Dongan, the second of the English Governors of the 
province of New York, granted a new charter to the city of New York, 
in 1670 or thereabouts — I give the date from memory — he spoke of the 
city in that instrument as already an ancient city. From this ancient and 
historic city, which saw the last of the British soldiery depart when the 
war of independence had been won; which saw this Federal government 
established by the inauguration of George Washington as the first Presi- 
dent of the United States; whose gates at the portal of the continent 
swung inward for the needy and the oppressed of Europe, and outward 
into the boundless opportunities of the New World — such a city we have 
come to bear greetings and congratulations to this masterful and marvel- 
ous city by the great lake. No exhibition at the fair is to be compared 
with Chicago itself. Built and rebuilt in little more than half a century, 
it stands to-day as truly one of the wonders of the world as the Pyramids 
of Egypt. 

When Aladdin's palace sprang into being in a night, one window was 
left unfinished. The most skillful artificers of the realm, with all the 
jewels of -^he kingdom at their command, worked for a year to complete 
this window. When it was done it did not compare with the rest of the 
palace, which a higher order of genuis had completed in a single night. 
Something like this, I think, must be said of the general setting and effect 
of every other world's fair compared with the unique beauty and poetry 
of the White City. It is little, I know, in the ears of the citizen of 
Chicago to say that Chicago has surpassed every other city which 
embarked in a similar undertaking; one should rather say, perhaps, that 




COURT OF ho; 




ooKitJG East 



Report of Board or Geneeal Managers. 145 

Chicago has surpassed herself. But that, fellow-citizens, is precisely what 
has nut been done. This fair is simply Chicago's energy and daring, 
transferring into beauty the strength of the great republic. Os -ar Wilde 
is reported to have said that the most beautiful constructions in this 
country are our bridges, suggesting the thought that the lines of the 
greatest strength are the lines of the greatest beauty. What can be more 
beautiful, for instance, than the outlines of the everlasting hills, whether 
one sees them in the dreamy mists of a summer morning, or sharp cut 
like a cameo, against the sunset sky of autumn ? Can anything be more 
graceful than every leap of Niagara ? Go into the Transportation Build- 
ing and study the development of the locomotive. At first the effort was 
to secure power only; but power being attained, grace and beauty went 
with its increase hand in hand, until at last the most moiiern locomotive, 
like the most modern ocean steamer, is a thing of beauty as a prodigy as 
well as a prodigy of power. It is Chicago's glory that she perceived the 
truth, so that without jdelding the impresfivenes of size as an evidence of 
power, she has yet succeeded in showing her power best by expressing it 
in beauty. 

There has always seemed to me to be a peculiar fitness in having this 
Columbian fair held in an inland city. No one who knows New Yi rk 
will doubt for a moment that New York would have shown herself 
splendidly equal to the emergency had the country's honor in this matter 
been intrusted to her keeping. But it means more to have the demon- 
stration given that such a fair as this can be successfully held a thousand 
miles from the sea. I venture little in saying that such a thing would not 
have been possible in any other stage of the world's history. The sea is 
but the highway of the nations, and rivers have been their thoroughfares 
until within a period hardly longer than fifty years. It is a curious fact 
that while man's natural habitation is the land and not the water, it has 
always, until our own day, been easier for him to move long distances and 
to transport heavy weights by water than upon the land. The city of 
New York, indeed, through one of its conspicuous citizens, De Witt Clin- 
ton, by urging to completion the Erie canal, gave the first great impulse 
to the westward movement of population that resulted in the founding of 
Chicago. I pau-e a moment to point out how natural a gift that was from 
a city that had been New Amsterdam, the daughter of Holland, the land 
of canals. But another day was soon to dawn. When Commodore Van- 
derbilt acquired control of the New York Central and the Hudson River 
railroads, he was asked what he meant to do with them. His reply was 
that he meant to dry up the Erie canal and drive every vessel off the 
Hudson river. He did not literally mean that, of course, but in those words 
19 



146 New York at the World's Columbiait Exposition. 

there spoke the seer. He perceived long before most of his contempo- 
raries the vast possibilities of land carriage by steam power over an 
artificial roadway. Thus it is that a world's fair in Chicago has a signifi- 
cance that it could not have upon the seaboard. It is significant not only 
of the New World but of a new era in human affairs. It will be true, 
therefore, that while a modern Columbus would have no more worlds to 
discover, a modern Galileo might still proclaim: "The world moves." 

Fellow-citizens of Chicago, it has been the pleasure of New York to 
aid in every way the success of this exposition. How much the architects, 
the artists and the merchants of New York have contributed to its success 
this is not the place to say. As the exposition draws to a close, amid 
signs of a popular appreciation justly its due. New York has but a single 
word to say, we congratulate and we thank you citizens of Chicago. You 
have made us more proud than ever to be Americans. 



Repoet of Eoaeu of Geneeal Managees. 147 

Closing of the Exposition. 

The fair closed quietly and without ceremony on October thirtieth. 
It had been the intention of the management to make a special gala 
day of it, but the sudden death of Mayor Harrison rendered it inappro- 
priate. The work of removal and demolition began at once and the 
treasures of art, industry and science, with the busy throng of attend- 
ants, disappeared to the four quarters of the globe. 

On October thirty-first the Board of General Managers held a meet- 
ing at the ]^e\Y York State Building in reference to the disposition of 
exhibits and projierty under its control. It was voted that all exhibits, 
and furniture pertaining thereto, made in the following departments 
under the auspices of the board, should be returned to the State Capitol 
at Albany, be stored in the rooms intended for the use of the State 
Museum and be held there subject to the order of the board. The 
departments so designated were : Agriculture, horticulture, mines and 
mining, transportation, hberal arts, forestry and anthi'opology. The 
chief executive officer. Senator Foley, was empowered to dispose of the 
furniture and perishable exhibits and to sujjei'intend the repacking and 
removal of exhibits. 

The disposition of the New York State Building was a subject of 
some sohcitude. It was hoped that this beautiful structure might be 
spared the fate of the other buildings and i-emain a permanent monu- 
ment to Xew York's presence and interest in the fair. For this reason 
the Board of General Managers were \villing to entertain any proposi- 
tion tending to this result. The Chicago Xaval Academy made a jjro- 
posal for the removal and occupancy of the building, but as the major 
part of the heavy cost of removal would have fallen on the board the 
latter did not feel justified in accepting. Furthermore, the building 
would have lost much of its significance in a strange environment away 
from the scenes which had I'endered it famous. 

On September sixth, at the recejDtion given by the Sons of JSTew 
York in the State building. Governor Flower formally offered on behalf 
of tlie Board of General Managers to convey the structure to Mrs. 
Potter Palmer and Mr. Harlow N. Higinbotham, of Chicago, and Mrs. 
LesUe Pell-Clarke, of New York, as trustees of a museum or repository 
representative of women's industries in the city of Chicago and pro- 
motive thereof. Mrs. Palmer in a few words gracefully accepted the 
trast for herself and her co-trustees. This action was eminently satis- 



148 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

factory to the people of New York, as judged by the comments of the 
press, and it was universally acknowledged tliat ISTew York could not 
have closed her participation in the fair more courteously than by the 
presentation of her costly and richly decorated building to her sister 
city. On September twenty-seventh a formal transfer and deed of 
gift was drawn up by the Board of General Managei-s and forwarded 
to the trustees for their signatures. About a month later a joint com- 
munication was received from Mrs. Palmer and Mr. Pliginbotliani stat- 
ing that every effort had been made to secure the consent of the South 
Park commissioners to the retention of the New York State Building 
upon the exposition grounds for the purpose of a. permanent woman's 
building, but without success, and that as the trustees liad no funds with 
which to remove the building from Jackson Park they were compelled 
Avith great regret to decline to accept it. Nothing could be done upon 
the receipt of this letter but to dispose of the building as advantageously 
as possible at this very late date. Advertisements were inserted in the 
papers, and on the 2-±th of November, 1893, a contract was entered into 
with tlie Chicago Wrecking Company whereby the latter agreed to 
remove the building within the time set by the exposition authorities, 
May 1, 1S91, and to restore the grounds to their former condition. 
They also gave the Board of Managers $250. This sum with the sale 
of the elevator and a few minor equipments brought in $1,000 as the 
proceeds of the building. Great credit is due the chief executive officer 
for the success of this negotiation, as in most cases the removal of the 
State buildings was a positive expense upon the commissioners. 

Advantageous sales were also made of the butter, cheese, honey, 
potatoes, fruits, Indian goods, furniture and fixtures belonging to the 
different exhibits in the State building. From these sources over 
$16,000 was obtained. Of this amount, however, $2,271.85 was turned 
in from the sale of articles by the "Women's Board. For a detailed 
account of these sales, see financial report. 

Meanwliile the work of repacking and shipping the exhibits to Albany 
was busily carried on, and by December first all were en route. An 
adequate estimate of the amount of material gathered by the board for 
exhibition purposes may be gained, when it is stated that it took thirty- 
one large freight cars to transport the exhibits to Albany. This does 
not include the many articles loaned for the exposition, and returned 
directly to thei-r owners. As soon as the cars readied Albany they, 
were unloaded, and the goods stored, under the direction of Capitol 





<5},«<'"mjp* 



\ 




^ 



•>.-,((j»«( 



\i^m I 






.1 




Eepoet of Board of General Managers. 149 

Commissioner Perry, on the fifth floor of the Capitol, and in the 
eastern tower. 

Closing Work of the Board. 

Upon the re-occupancy by the Board of General Managers of their 
offices in the Capitol at Albany, early in December, three important 
duties lay before them for consideration and action; the adjustment 
and settlement of all claims against tlie New York commission, the 
final disposition of the exhibits, and the jjreparation of a report to the 
Governor and Legislature. The office force was reduced to tlie miui- 
uiuhi number consistent with the jjerformance of this work. 

The settlement of outstanding claims and contracts required the 
most careful attention. The former had accumulated in vast numbers 
during the summer and fall, and the confusion and great press of busi- 
ness consequent upon the crowded exposition period, rendered a care- 
• ful investigation of their mei-its impossible at that time. This investi- 
gation was now made with great care, and no pains spared to separate 
the valid from the invalid. As a result of the adjustments, compro- 
mises and rejections, many thousands of dollars have been saved the 
State. A satisfactory settlement of all claims was made, except in the 
case of Siebreeht •& Wadley, florists of New York city, who have 
chosen to submit their bill to tlie adjudication of the Court of Claims, 
rather than to accept the proposition of the board, made after a careful 
study into the merits of the case. 

Transfer of Exhibits to the State Museum:. 

The flnal disposition of the New York State exhibits in the depart- 
ments of agriculture, mines and mining, transportation, liberal arts, 
ethnology and forestry was a matter of much deliberation by the Board 
of General Managers. Many suggestions were received, but all of them 
led to a division of the exhibits. In the opinion of the board this was 
to be avoided for many reasons, chief among which were, that the 
intrinsic value of the exhibit would decrease many more fold than the 
number of divisions ; that the warm interest and regard felt by the 
people of the State for the New York exhibit as a whole, which had 
gained the admiration of people from every clime, and won more 
awards tlian the exhibits of any other State and most nations, would 
be lost by its dispersion ; and that tiiere should be given the thousands 
of New Yorkers, who were unable to see it at Chicago, an opportunity 
to inspect it as it appeared at the great exposition. Obviously the only 



150 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

place which could fulfill all conditions and meet all demands was the 
New York State IVIusenm, whose well-organized machinery could rap- 
idly assimilate and classify the exhibit and at the same time preserve 
its identity. 

Accordingly at a meeting of the Board of General Managers of the 
Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, held at the ofl.ice of the president of the board in the city of New 
York, on Wednesday, January IT, 1894, the following preamble and 
resolutions were adoj)ted : 

Whbekas, section 20 of chapter 378 of the Laws of New York, 1892, 
provides that the officer in charge of any State department, bureau, board, 
commission or other office may * * * transfer to the permanent cus- 
tody of the State Library or Museum any books, papers, maps, manuscripts, 
specimens or other articles which * * * ^jn in ^is judgment be more 
useful to the State in the State Library or Museum than if retained in his 
keeping; and 

Whereas, section 22 of the same act provides that all scientific speci- 
mens and collections, works of art, objects of historic interest and similar 
property appropriate to a general museum, if owned by the State and not 
placed in other custody by a specific law, shall constitute the State 
Museum; and 

Where AS, section 1, chapter 497, Laws of New York, 1893, declares 
that any property purchased or provided by the Board of General Man- 
agers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian 
Exposition * * * foj- uge, exhibit or display in connection with the 
exhibit from the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion and paid for from the appropriation provided by either chapter 236 
of the Laws of 1892, or chapter 188, Laws of 1893, may, from time to 
time, as shall seem to said board best for the interests of the State, be sold 
and disposed of by said Board of General Managers or any person or per- 
sons authorized by said board to sell and dispose of the same; 

Resolved, in consideration of the agreement of the Board of Regents 
of the University of the State of New York, to place the State exhibits 
returned from the World's Columbian Exposition in the State Museum in 
the Capitol at Albany, that on the giving by the Regents of a receipt for 
all the exhibits now in the custody of the Board of General Managers, they 
shall be transferred to the State Museum. 

These resolutions were sent to the Regents of the University of the 
State of New York, and at a legal meeting held by them in their office 



Report of Boaed of General Managers. 151 

at tlie Capitol in Albany, Febrnary S, 1894, the following action was 
taken : 

Voted, that the Regents accept the World's Fair exhibits tendered to the 
State Museum, and request from the Legislature that the Commissioner of 
the Capitol be directed to prepare the fifth floor for the safe-keepiog and 
proper display of these exhibits and of the scientific collections now in 
danger of destruction in the State street building. 

Voted, that the secretary be instructed to convey to the Board of 
General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the "World's 
Colutabian Exposition the very sincere appreciation on the part of the 
Regents of the confidence reposed in them in the transfer to their custody 
of the State's exhibits at the "World's fair. 

This communication was accompanied by a receipt in full for the 
exhibits and the transfer legally accomplished. The estimated value 
of these exhibits of the six departments is in round numbers $100,000, 
and will add incalculably to the attractiveness of the museum. For 
the exhibits of all departments, except liberal arts, kindred or allied 
departments, already existed in the State Museum ; it was found neces- 
sary, however, to create a new department for the educational exhibit 
of the liberal arts department. 

The cai'e and well-directed labor with which this exhibit was col- 
lected, and its comprehensive extent, embracing as it does, every phase 
of educational life within the State, renders it a magniiicent founda- 
tion for a pedagogic museum, second to none in the world. It is with 
great regret that the Board of General Managers learn that the present 
Legislature in their wisdom have deemed it best to postpone making 
an appropriation for the establishment of the educational museum and 
the installation of the exhibits in the other dejmrtments until the com- 
ing year. In view of the intrinsic merit, educational value, and wide- 
sjjread iiiterest in the exhibits, it would seem, a wise economy to 
place them without further delay where they could be of value to our 
citizens. The board resj^ectfully recommends to the incoming Legisla- 
ture the necessity and judicious policy of taking such action. 

Report to the Governor. 

As authorized in chapter 236 of the Laws of 1892, the preparation 
of the final report was begun shortly after the close of the exposition. 
On February 12, 1891, the secretary of the Board of General Managers, 
Mr. John Foord, of Xew York city, resigned his position. Upon 



152 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Expositiojst. 

notification from the Governor of this fact, the board appointed Mr. 
Howard J. Eogers, of Albany, who had been in charge of the State 
educational exhibit, to write the i-ejDort and prepare it for publication. 
At a subsequent meeting of the Board of General Managers the follow- 
ing resolution was passed : 

Moved, " that the board express to Mr. Poord their appreciation of his 
labors with them, and their regret at the severance of relations which 
have been so satisfactory." 

It was determined that the report should contain a concise yet com- 
prehensive presentation of the work of the commission from the begin- 
ning to the end, that it might give not only an accurate history of New 
York's part in the great fair, but serve as a guide for future enterprises 
of a similar character. To this end there have been added to the main 
report detailed reports from the head of each departmental exhibit, 
giving the scope and plan of tlieir disjjlay. These reports are supple- 
mented by a comjjlete catalogue of New York exhibits in that depart- 
ment including those made individually and not under the authority of 
the board. 

The third section of the report is devoted to the jjublicatiou of the 
awards granted New York exhibitors. 

Upon the transmission of the report bj' the Governor to the Assembly 
on April 18, lS9i, the latter body ordered an edition of 10,000 copies 
printed, iinder a resolution of which the following is an official copy : 

STATE OF NEW YORK. 

In Assembly. 

Albany, April 18, 1894. 
On motion of Mr. Ainsworth, 

Resolved, that there be printed on supersize and calender paper, for the 
use of the present Legislature and State officials, 10,000 copies of the 
Report of the Board of General Managers of the New York State Exhibit 
at the World's Columbian Exposition. Of this number 4,000 copies shall 
be for the use of the Legislature, twenty-five to each member, 2,000 copies 
for the Governor, 2,000 copies for State officials and reporters and 2,000 
copies for the aforesaid Board of General Managers. 

The expense for the same shall be paid out of money appropriated for 
legislative printing. 

By order of the Assembly, G. W. DUNN, 

Clerk. 



/ 




Tl^iii^i 



Kepoet of Boaed of General Managees. 153 

Conclusion. 

The great events in political history require the perspective of time 
before their valuation can be justly made ; in like manner the influence 
of this great industrial exposition cannot now be accurately estuuated. 

But the enterprise which has made the name of Chicago familiar even 
to the steppes of Asia and the jungles of Africa, cannot fail to be of 
inestimable benetit to that city and to the country whose national cele- 
bration she undertook. Companionship and intimacy beget confidence, 
and "Confidence begets trade, the source of national wealth. The friend- 
ships begun at international gatherings are productive not only of 
bi'isker trade and commerce, but often of international enterjnises and 
epoch-making projects.' AVhat is true of the nations is tnie, in the 
same relative degree, of the States which compose our republic. Oppor- 
tunities of comparison and personal examination further the develop- 
ment of the highest industrial agencies, and open new channels of 
exchange and profit. 

Probably the greatest commercial result achieved by the exposition 
was the demonstration of the progress made by this country in manu- 
factured articles ; notably silverware, furs, hats, j^ottery, etc. The 
palm has long been conceded to America for the invention and con- 
struction of machinery, but it was a genuine surprise to most natives 
and foreigners to find tliat the workmanship of American artisans could 
compete with the skilled labor of Europe, perfected by centuries of 
experience and inherited cunning. Whether it be due to the higher 
average intelligence of the American workmen, their siiperior adapta- 
bility to the conditions environing their craft, the inspiriting eifect 
of our free institutions or to still other causes must be left to economists. 
The facts speak for themselves and are incontrovertible. 

Tlie amount of commercial growth stimulated by the exposition is 
an unknown cpiantity and a matter of speculation only. Much may 
be attributed directly to it, but l)y far the greater share lies in the quiet 
change of methods and the application of newly-acquired ideas and 
hints, which will in time develop into an enormous increase of business 
and improvement of business relations. 

The artistic success of the fair was a deep gratification to the pride 
of the American people. Never before had the attempt been made to 
construct in symmetrical relation buildings covering 100 acres of 
20 



164 !N EW YOEK AT THE WoKLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

land, and grounds conijjrising over 600 acres. The breadth of concep- 
tion, vigor of execntion, and harmony of detail with which it was 
accomplished has won the admiration of the world. The fair, its archi- 
tecture and its landscape gardening are now matter.^ of history and 
need no further comment, but Americans may well he pardoned tlie 
indulgence of the belief that the coming century will witness nothing 
of artistic creation that will equal or surpass it. 

During the six months of the fair there were 21,477,212 paid admis- 
sions, from which the gate receipts exceeded §10,000,000. Nearly 
$4,000,000 was also derived from concessions. Undoubtedly, had the 
western railways lowered tlieir rates earlier in the season, a much larger 
attendance would have resulted ; possibly enough to have exceeded the 
Paris attendance of 28,000,000 in 1889. In making comparisons, 
however, it must be borne in mind that the admission fee in Paris was 
only one franc, or less than half that at Chicago. One of tlie most 
striking features of the attendance was the behavior of the American 
crowd. Throughout the whole exposition there were fewer cases of 
drunkenness and disorder than are brought daily before the police court 
of any medium-sized city. The hearty good-will and even temper 
which ciiaracterized the throng at all times stood the test even of 
Chicago day, to the expressed wonder and surprise of our foreign 
visitors. The grand beauty of the park seemed to touch their sensi- 
bilities as it could no other nation's, and to demand and receive from 
them tlieir patriotic homage. It was a splendid counnentary on the 
intelligence, appreciation and restraint of the American citizen. 

Such an exposition is a universal educator. It breaks down the bar- 
riers which ignoi-ance and distrust of the qualities and resoiirces of our 
neighbors have raised, and aiuis a deadly blow at provincial prejudice 
and conceit. The thousands whose lives had heretofore been lived 
within their village bounds Jiave returned home better and broader 
citizens. The dwellers in cities', who have fancied that the world 
revolved around tlieir municipal lioundaries as its hub, have a better 
estimate of their relation to the world's progress. The mass of the 
American people have a clearer knowledge of the ability and power 
of other nations, while the foreigner has a better idea of the extent 
and resources of our vast republic. The fair will pay as a national 
investment. 

Much ^vas expected from New York State because of its position as 
leader in population, wealth, manufactures, commerce, art and agricul- 



Eeport of Boaed of General Managers. 155 

tnre. Much was, tlierefore, demanded of the Xew York Board of 
Managers of time, of thoiiglit, of organization and of wise expenditure of 
money. For a correct appreciation of the amount of work done and 
products displayed, the people of the State are further referred to the 
accompanying departmental reports and catalogues. From the com- 
ments of the press, from the plaudits of the visitors and from the con- 
sensus of opinion of the juries of award, the New York Board of World's 
Fair Managers in laying down their labors feel content to leave to the 
judgment of their fellow-citizens the t(uestion whether or not their 
worlv was well done and a credit to tJie Empire State. 



REPORT OF THE BOARD OF WOMEN MAMGERS. 



By MRS. FLOEENCE C. IVES. 



The act of the Legislature -^vhich created the Board of General Man- 
agers of the New York State Exhibit at the Colnmbian Exposition con- 
tains the following paragraph as a portion of section i : " The Board 
of General Managers shall appoint a Board of Women Managers of 
such nnmber and to perform s^^ch dnties as maj' be prescribed by the 
Board of General Managers." 

Of the I'ldes and regulations of the General Managers ISTo. XI apper- 
tains to women. It reads : 

" The Board of Women Managers shall consist of twenty-one Avomen, 
residents of the State and appointed by the Board of General Managers. 
They are to work in conjunction with the general managers in promoting 
the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, and to assist the repre- 
sentative •women of the nation in obtaining for that occasion a full and 
complete portrayal of the industrial and social conditions of ■woman and 
ber achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and departments 
of life, and, therefore, they shall be and hereby are empowered to exer- 
cise such authority and control in their department as shall be consist- 
ent with a liberal construction of the act of the Legislature creating the 
board, and with the rules herein adopted. They shall meet in the 
Capitol, at xilbany, upon the call of the chief executive officer, and 
proceed to organize by electing a president, first and second vice- 
presidents and a secretary. As soon thereafter as practicable they shall 
elect an executive committee of six, who shall have all the powers and 
rights of the full board when in session. 

" The said board sliall establish its bureau in the rooms of the Board 
of General Managers, and shall have such clerical aid as the chief execu- 
tive officer may provide. The Board of Women Managers, or its execu- 
tive committee, shall make regular monthly reports to the Board of 
General Managers, or more frequently if so requested. The sum of 
$25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby set apart for 
the maintenance and expenses of the said Board of Women Managers, 
and all expenses shall, as far as practicable, be estimated, and the con- 
sent of the Board of General Managers obtained thereto before they 
shall be actually incurred. The president of the women's board, the 
chairman of its executive committee and the secretary of the women's 
board are hereby constituted an auditing committee, who sliall audit 
and approve all bills for expenditures. When so a^jproved the regular 
auditing committee of this board may approve of the same, and there- 
upon the said bills shall be presented for payment as provided by law. 
The Board of General Managers reserves to itself the right and privi- 
lege of presenting such further rules and regulations for the guidance 
of the Board of Women Managers as shall, from time to time, seem 
expedient. 




Mks. ERASTLiS (X)RNING, pKhsiutNT Boabu uk Women Managers 



Repokt of Board of "Women Managees. 167 

■' The Board of "Women Managers may be called together from time 
to time, as shall seem expedient to the Ei;iard of General Managers." 

On June 3, 1892, the Board of General j^lanagers appointed the fol- 
lowing twenty-one women, representing the eight jndicial districts of 
the State, as the Board of Women Managers for Xew York : Mrs. Wm. 
J. Averell, Ogdensburgh ; Mrs. Frederick P. Bellamy, Brooklyn ; Mrs. 
Erastns Corning, Albany ; Miss Caroline E. Dennis, Auburn ; Mrs. 
Artlmr M. Dodge, JSlew York city ; Mrs. Fred E. Ilalsey, jSTew York 
city ; Miss Annie Hemstronght, Xew York city ; iMiss J. Inrogen How- 
ard, JSTew York city ; Miss Maria M. Love, Buffalo ; Miss Elizabeth T. 
Minturn, riastings-on-the-IIudson ; Miss Frances Todd Patterson, 
"WestHeld ; Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, Springfield Centre ; Miss Anna 
Eoosevelt, Xew York ; Mrs. Deau Sage, Menands ; Mrs. J . S. T. Stran- 
alian, Brooklyn ; Mrs. Oscar S. Straiis, Xew York city ; Mrs. George 
Waddington, Xew York city ; Mrs. Charles F. "\Yadsworth, Geneseo ; 
Mrs. H.'Walter "Weblj, Eiverdale ; Mrs. Andrew D. "White, Ithaca; 
Mrs. Howard G. "Wliite, Syracuse. Miss Minturn declining to serve, 
the board ap)pointed Mrs. Frederick Ehinelander Jones, of Kew York 
city, in her place. 

Li making their appointments the Board of General Managers 
selected two women from each of the eight jndicial districts of the 
State with five in addition from Xew York city, the field there being 
so large as to demand a greater number of workers. 

Tlie first of the four meetings of the Board of Women Managers was 
held at the Cap)itol, Albany, June 7, 1S92. Seventeen of the twenty- 
one women were present and took the oath of office. One cf the 
absentees was Miss Elizabeth T. Minturn, who never served, although 
her name remained on the list of members for many months, and was 
only drcipped when Mrs. F. P. Jones was appointed in the sunnner 
of 1893 by the Board of General Managers. 

The officers elected at the first meeting retained their positions, with 
the exception of two members of the executive committee, until the 
organization was dissolved. At the first meeting also the bureau of 
apjJied arts Avas projected with Mrs. Candace "Wheeler, president of 
the Society of Associated Artists, as director. The following rules and 
by-laws were adopted : 

'•Article!. The official title of this organization is 'Board of 
"Wcimen Managers of the State of Xew York at the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition.' 

^'■A)'t. 2. The purpose of this board shall be to secure a full and 
complete portrayal oi the industrial and social condition of woman 
and her achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and dej)ai't- 
ments of life. 

" A/'t. 3. The officers of the board shall be the jjresident, first and 
second vice-presidents, secretary, treasurer and executive committee of 
six members and an auditing committee of -which the president (and 
in her absence one of the vice-presidents), the chaiiman of the execu- 
tive committee and the secretary shall be members. 

" Art. 4. The meetings of the board shall be lield on the call of the 
president, vice-president or any four members of the board. Xotifica^ 



158 Xk'w Yoek at thk Woelu's Columbian Exposition. 

tion mailed at Albany to the addresses of the members fortv-eigiit 
Lours before tlie time of the meeting shall be deemed siiliicieut notice. 

^^ A)'t. 5. A quornm shall consist of seven. The office shall be in 
the Capitol, at Albany. 

" Art. 6. The executive committee shall consist of six members ; in 
addition thereto the president and secretary shall be ex-othcio members 
of the said committee. The said committee may make its OM-n rules 
and regulations ]irovided they do not conflict -with any adopted by this 
board or by the B:iard of General llanagers. The said execntive com- 
mittee ■\vhen th'-' board is not in session shall have all of its powers 
and rights. 

" Art. 7. The ])resident shall have all the powers and privileges 
incident to her olKce. In the alisence of the president, one of the 
vice-presidents, in order of precedence, shall perform the duties and 
exercise the powers of the president. The secretary shall keep at'cn- 
rate records of all the business transacted by the board and by the 
executive committee. She shall liave charge of the correspondence of 
the board and of the executive conunittee, and shall perform such other 
duties as the board or executive committee may direct. 

'■'■ Aj't. S. The treasurer shall have charge of all the moneys intrusted 
to her care and shall make report from time to time of the amounts 
expended. 

'^ Art. 0. The auditing committee shall examine and audit all bills 
and accounts of the board and of the executive committee. 

" ^1;'/. 10. There shall be a department known as the bureau of 
applied arts, which shall have charge of all matters I'eferred to it by 
the execntive conunittee or by the board. This bureau may be estab- 
lished in the city of Is'ew York, and its operations controlled by the 
executive committee. 

'■^ Art. 11. There shall be an otticial seal for the exclusive use of this 
board. 

"^Ir^. 12. Amendments of the by-laws shall be made only by the 
affirmative vote of five members." 

IMrs. Ealph Trautman, first vice-president of the iS'ational Board of 
Lady Managers, who always loyally rendered her aid to the Xew York 
board, and Mrs. Susan G-. Cooke, secretary, -were invited to be present at 
the first meeting of the women managers and gave much information 
relating to the women's department of the exposition. The newly 
appointed managers, liowever, felt themselves exceedingly inexperi- 
enced, and the president appointed a committee to go to Chicago to 
consult IMrs. Palmer and become familiar Avith the different lines of 
work. This visit proved to lie of innnense value, particularly as a 
means of inspiration, the committee going to the offices of the Xational 
Board and holding consultations with Mrs. Palmer and other officials. 
At the suggestion of the Board of General Managers the women visited 
New York on the occasion of the Columbian celebration, October 12, 
1S92, and Chicago a week later when the exposition buildings were 
dedicated. The women managers felt the necessity at once of making 
an attempt to interest the women tlu'oughout the State in the exposi- 
tion and plans for arranging work in the different judicial districts 



Eepoet of Boaed of Women Managers. 159 

were early determined n]>oii. As there coidd not he a systematic division 
of the comities, to tlie New York city menihers was assigned the first 
judicial (hstrict (one comity) ; to Mrs. Stranahan, the second (nine 
counties) ; to Mrs. Corning and Mrs. Sage, the tliird (seven comities) ; 
to Mrs. Averell, tlie fourth (eleven counties) ; to Mrs. Howard Gr. 
White, aided bj' Miss Dennis, the fifth (six counties) ; to Mrs. Pell- 
Clarke, aided by Miss Pattei'son and Mrs. H. A. St. John, the sixth 
(ten counties) ; to Mrs. Wadsworth and Miss Dennis, the seventh 
(eight counties) ; and to Miss Love and Miss Patterson, tlie eighth 
(eight counties). 

It will be noticed that the name of Mrs. II. A. St. John takes the 
place of that of a manager, and it should, therefore, be explained that 
upon the invitation of the executive committee and at the request of 
Mrs. Wadsworth, Mrs. St. John, of Ithaca, kindly consented to under- 
take the organizati(jn of Mrs. Andrew D. White's counties, the latter 
having gone to Pussia almost immediately after the Board of Women 
Managers was formed. A resolution tiianking Mrs. St. John for her 
efforts was unanimously' adopted at the meeting of the board held 
January 11, 1893. 

Several methods of organizing the counties were eraploj'ed ; some of 
the managers wrote letters to clergymen, others to the supervisors, ask- 
ing for names of prominent women who would form in sul)-comniittees 
for the work. One manager in her counties enlisted the interest of a 
woman in each of tlie large towns, and made her chairman of a sub- 
committee, most energetically sending her letters of inquiry every 
week. Another manager held meetings in the different counties, draw- 
ing together circles of women who afterwards served in committees. 
In all instances a spirited correspondence was carried on between com- 
mittee women and managers, printed circulars were distributed, and the 
intei'est of the press sought, and in a few montlis' time the entire 
State was not only thoroughly aware that an ex])osition of unusual 
importance was to take place, but tliat women were to have a promi- 
nent part in it. Most of the standing committees on the board found 
tlieir counter^iarts in the sub-committees, and the work of collecting 
statistics ; of searching for books by women authors ; of bringing for- 
ward the work of women in the a])plied arts ; of securing loans for 
the colonial, lace and other collections, and in fact of making manifest 
Women's work in every department, was enthusiastically carried on 
during -tlie autumn of 1S92 and the winter of 1898. All these women, 
who may now be numbered by hundreds, gave tlieir time and often 
their money to the work, witiiout either hojie or wish for compensa- 
tion, and the managers feel that they, and the entire State, owe these 
women a deep debt of gratitude for their energy and zeal. 

Of the creditable individual exhibits it is only possible to speak 
in the most cursory manner. Nearly 200 applications passed tln'ough 
the (jffice of the women's Inward, a number of these lieing necessarily 
I'cjected, as not reaching the high standard demanded, Init this does not 
by any means represent the nundjer of applications made, as many 
were sent directly to the National Board, and by it accepted or rejected. 

Credit should be given to Miss Mary Martin, an amateur photog- 



160 Neav Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

raplier of New York, who at the request of Mrs. Pell-Clarke, took 
some pictures to illustrate hop culture in this State. The photograplis 
proved to be most successful, and formed an interesting feature of the 
agricultui'al exhibit of New York. 

Tlirough Mrs. Trautman, Mrs. Gillespie, chairman of women's 
work at the Centennial Exposition, oii'ered to loan the New York State 
board the two line banners that were presented to the women of Penn- 
sylvania by the women of New York (the latter raising $-J:,0(»0 for the 
Burpose), in recognition of the work they had done for the Centennial 
Exposition. The banners were gratefully accepted, and, by permission 
of the national lioard, were hung in prominent places in the Woman's 
Building during the term of the exposition. 

■ Another banner, which has now become of historical interest, as it 
has a prominent place in the Capitol, at Albany, was one exliibited in the 
Stater building during the exposition, and presented through Governor 
Flower to the State l)y the Board of Women Managers. It is of Avhite 
water silk, shimmering with threads of gold, and disjilays in rich 
embroidery the arms of the State. 

The National Board had the establishment of a children's department 
very much at heart, but, having no appropriation for the expenses, 
decided to tax each State with a portion of the cost of tlie building, 
and, at the first meeting of the New York Board of Women Managers, 
that organization became liable for tlie pro rata assessment of $2,000, 
whicli Avas afterwards paid from their appropriation. It had been early 
advised by Mr. John Boyd Thaclier of the New York Board of Gen- 
eral Managers, that great care should be given to the selection of a seal, 
and he suggested as a design the story of the fisherman's wife, who, 
in holding out a torch for !ier husband to guide his return, uncon- 
sciously welcomed Columbus on the night of October 11, ltt92. The 
idea met with favor, and the subject was referred to the bureau of 
applied arts, and Mrs. Wheeler's taste and experience sought. As a 
result she was authorized to ask for sketches from several women 
artists, and from the designs submitted, one by Miss Lydia Field Ennjiet 
was selected and much admired. The drawing displayed an Indian 
woman in graceful pose standing on a rocky shore and holding a lighted 
torch far up above her head as a beacon for a ship that was sailing in 
toward the land. Encircling the drawing was the lettering : " New 
York State Board of Women jManagers for the World's Columbian 
Exposition, 1S93." 

Upon inquiry it was learned that to have the seal cut would cost 
several hundred dollars, and the executive committee decided that this 
expense was unnecessary, as the seal would but seldom have practical 
use, and directed instead that the design should be reproduced on the 
official paper and upon cards to be affixed to the State exhibits. 

A badge having been selected by tlie National Board as a sign of 
office, it ^^■as suggested that the Ne-\v York State women managers 
should provide tliemselves with badges. Througli Mrs. Wheeler 
several sketches were submitted, and one made by Miss Martha D. 
Bessey, a designer at Tiffany & Co.'s, was selected. This was a circle 
a little larger than a half dollar on Avhicli appeared the globe flaidced 




Mrs. dean SAGE, Chairman ExhxuTivt Cummitthk Board ok Women Managers 



Kefoet of Board of Women Manageks. 161 

by an eagle wliose beak, whether from intention or otherwise, touched 
the point on tlie globe where New York appears. The name of the 
organization was lettered below, and stalks of ripening corn were inter- 
twined in graceful fashion. The circle was pendant from a bar on 
which were the open-worked letters : " New York." 

When plans were being made for transferring the office and business 
of the board to the State building upon the exposition grounds, it was 
recognized that it would be proper to institute some form of hospitality 
to visitors and to the [National and State boards. The managers at no 
time desired a lavish expenditure for entertainments, as money in this 
way could be so easily wasted, but it was proposed to keep open house, 
so to speak, every day in the week except Sunday. In this w&j the 
live 'o'clock tea, at which nothing but tea and biscuits were served, 
became a regular institution and brought to the board many flattering 
expressions of approval. 

A room on the second floor, adjoining the banqueting hall and under 
one end of the gallery, liad been indicated by the architects as a tea- 
room, and it was this circumstance that suggested the idea of giving 
afternoon teas. This room was the cosiest of the suite generously 
assigned the women. There were several handsome pieces of old fur- 
niture in it, and some modern chairs daintily upholstered in cretonne. 
The window was hung with pretty muslin, and there was a general air of 
ease and comfort that tired visitors a^spreciated. The room oi^ened on 
one side into the so-called women's committee room, and it was almost 
always necessary to use this as well as the tearoom for the guests. It 
was not possible to invite every New Yorker who visited the State 
building to join the ladies in the tearoom, but it only required a simple 
introduction to secure a welcome there, and many distinguished foreign- 
ers and Americans made the building a rendezvous at the tea hour. 
The inaugural tea took place June second, on the occasion of the flrst 
visit of Governor Flower to the exposition, when he was accompanied 
by Mrs. Flower. Other notable teas gi\-en during the exposition season 
were those to Governor Flower and his staff, on New York and Man- 
hattan days, to the fieople of Brooklyn on Brooklyn da}', to Secretary 
Carlisle, to General and Mrs. Miles, and to the West Point cadets ; to 
Mrs. Potter Palmer and Mr. and Mrs. Fred. Grant, and to Miss Emily 
Huntington. 

From the beginning of the work to its end it has been the earnest 
endeavor of the l)oard to spend the State's money with the strictest 
economy consistent with dignified representation of the work it under- 
took. The women at first had but a very faint idea of what the 
expense would be, but before manj' months had passed they were very 
clearly aware that the first $25,000 would not even half pay for the 
demonstration in exhibits, etc., of women's work in New York State. 

The National Board looked to the Empire State for a more than ordi- 
nary display in every line, and the women were desirous of fulfilling 
the duties expected of them. Almost as soon as the second $25,000 
had been granted they entered a request for $10,000 more, and pledged 
themselves to keep within this amount. 

Among the resolutions offered by the board was one requesting Con- 

21 



162 ISTew Yoek at the Wosld's Colitmbian Expositioit. 

gress to amend the act providing for the dedication of the exposition 
buildings, changing the words " twelfth of October " to " twenty-first 
day of October." An important resolntion was that in favor of the 
Sunday opening of the exposition. The resolution was entliusiastically 
passed with only one dissenting voice, and occasioned both favorable 
and unfavorable comment in the newspapers throughout the country. 
The women of the Shaker community showed their interest in favor of 
opening by preparing a petition signed by themselves, and presented to 
Congress through the Is ew York board. 

Executive Committee. 

In large organizations tlie power of transacting business is placed in. 
the hands of a small proportion of the members, and, as will have been 
seen by rule XI, the Board of General Managers following wise prece- 
dents, provided for the election of an executive committee of six. 
This committee was given the rights of the board when in session, and 
has exercised its authority from the beginning, thereby preventing any 
great delay in making necessary decisions in regard to the business. 
The president of the board and the secretary, being ex-officio members 
of the executive committee, attended the meetings. Up to the time of 
the final board meeting held at Albany, January 17, 1893, there had 
taken place twenty meetings of the executive committee, all of which 
had been faithfully attended by its members. Minutes of these meet- 
ings were printed and sent to each member of the board in order that 
the general business might be known to all. As the by-laws of the 
executive committee provided that three members might transact 
urgent business, this plan was followed in a few instances where speedy 
decisions were necessary. At no time, however, during the entire 
work, was a decision of any moment made without the chairman''s 
judgment having been obtained. 

The first meeting was held June 2S, 1892. While the by-laws pro- 
vided for a bi-monthly meeting, this rule was not strictly adhered to. 
Only three meetings were held in the summer of 1893, as the ladies 
were widely separated and could not conveniently leave their homes. 
Mrs. Ives was expected to keep general supervision of the work and to 
report to the chair from time to time as seemed necessary. It was 
impossible to foresee the exact necessities of the exposition work, and at 
the executive meeting of June twenty-eighth, a local committee made 
np of New York city and Brooklyn members was formed, as well as 
the committee on women's work in literature, literary clubs and the 
press. The meetings of the former committee were held bi-monthly, 
on Tuesdays alternating with the executive meetings, as much work 
was concentrated in ISlew York. Arrangements were also concluded 
for the establishment of the bureau of applied arts in New York city. 
Also at this meeting a motion was adopted that a letter should be sent 
to Ilalsey C. Ives, cliief of the Fine Arts department, requesting that 
the names of two women artists should be added to his committee on 
fine arts. As the main object of "Vfoman's interest in the exposition 
was to obtain rightful recognition of her work, it was believed a wise 
move to call the attention of the head of the art department to the 



IiEPOET OF BoAED OF TToilEX MaI^^AGEES. 163 

fact that Avomeu h:.d been iguored on his committee. It should be 
mentioned here that the letter -^vas sent, and resulted in bringing about 
a somewhat unpleasant contro^'ersv. Mr. Ives intimated that he was 
in favor of the appointment of -u-omen but that the full complement 
of his committee had been made up, and the question as to whether 
anv more members should be added Avould have to be decided by the 
committee itself. The Xew York artists were divided in their opinion 
on the subject and the matter remained undecided for a long time. It 
was finally announced that Mrs. Mary Hallock Foote and Miss Mary J. 
Cassatt had been asked to serve. 

It was decided at the tirst meeting of the executive committee that 
there should be an exhibit of laces, fans, miniatures and antique 
embroideries. How numerous were the delays and how great the 
anxiety and worry connected with this committee's work may be under- 
stood when it is said that it was decided as early as June, 1S02, to 
make the exhibit and practical, work was only begun late in March, 
1893. At the second meeting of the exectttive committee the subject 
of decorating the library of the Woman's Building was discussed, and 
an appropriation of at least §.5,000 was deemed necessary for the pur- 
pose. The Board of General Managers, to whom the matter was referred, 
aiithorized this expenditure. Although there were at times some dis- 
agreements between the two boards, the general managers never inter- 
fered with such distribution of the women's fund as the Board of Women 
Managers saw fit to make. The Board of General Managers requested, 
however, that they be kept informed as to the ajj^JroiDriations. 

As tlie chairmen of all standing committees were members of tlie 
executive (%vith one exception), the work of these different committees 
was always fully rejDorted at each meeting of the executive. Xew 
plans were submitted as well as questions of expediency and finance. 
Xo one had dreamed of the amount of detail that would have to be 
gone through, and the managers, esj^ecially the members of the execu- 
tive committee, found themselves overwhelmed with work. As the 
restilt proved, in spite of the limited time, the work was undertaken 
with energy and enthusiasm. 

The proposition to establish a model hospital at the exposition was 
early brought before the executive by Miss Dennis, the idea being to 
show the methods of the trained ntirses of Xew "i ork, where the sys- 
tem of schools for trained nurses originated in this country. Just how 
this matter developed will be shown in the report of the philanthropic 
committee. 

The subject of an exhibit of the kitchen garden system was introduced 
at the board meeting of September seventh, btit it was the executive meet- 
ing of September twentieth that the details of Miss Huntington's plans 
were submitted and appropriation made of §2,500 to carry on the work. 
At the meeting of the executive committee, Xovember fifteenth, 
Mi's. Howard G. White's name was ch'opped from the membership, as 
she had not been present for three consecutive meetings and had sent 
in no report. The ladies felt tliat the tune was very short for the com- 
pletion of the work, and it was necessary that the executive committee 
shoidd consist of active members. Miss Dennis consented to visit 



164 l^Ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Syracuse and organize the work of the iifth jndicial district. It was 
afterwards learned that Mrs. White was in ill-liealth, hiit wlien Miss 
Dennis reached Syracuse she received the kind co-operation of Mr. H. 
G. White in organizing the district. Mrs. A. M. Dodge was elected 
to take the place of Mrs. White on the executive committee, and upon 
the resignation of Mrs. Webb, Mrs. Wadsworth was appointed in her 
stead. As the board included a niemljer of the Afro-American race, a 
recognition that no other State had shown this people, the women were 
particularly desirous of giving prominence to the arts and industries of 
the women of that race, and it was early decided b}' the executive com- 
mittee to place in the hands of Miss Ploward the entire charge of the col- 
lection of exhibits, as well as statistics of this department. The record 
of her work is made in its proper place, and it only needs to be added 
here that Miss Howard accomiilished her several tasks as only a woman 
with remarkaljle energy and executive ability could. On account of the 
absence of Mrs. Andrew D. White her portion of the State, which con- 
sisted of five counties, had also been neglected. Mrs. Wadsworth, who 
was present at tlie meeting of the executive committee on November 
fifteenth, offered to visit Ithaca at once and place the work in compe- 
tent hands. A detailed account of the method of orgimizhig the dif- 
ferent districts has already been given, but mention is made of the sub- 
ject here because the extra work was done through the action of the 
executive committee. At the meeting of December sixth the proposi- 
tion was presented through the isew York local committee to prepare 
an historical doll exhibit, the dolls to be dressed to represent different 
periods since the time of Columbus. 

An exhibition of colonial relics was proposed when the board was 
first formed, as the National Board had desired representation from the 
thirteen original States. The task of making the collection was a 
difficult one, and it was only at the meeting of the executive committee 
of January tenth that Mrs. F. K. Jones, who had been invited and had 
consented to take charge of the exhibit, presented her plan which 
required an appropriation of from ^5,000 to $10,000. Mrs. Dodge 
reported at this meeting that it would not be possible with less than 
$2,500 to carry on the Fitch Creclie and Day Nursery exhibit in the 
children's building, work that came within her jurisdiction as chairman 
of the philanthropic committee. This exhibit cost a still larger sum 
before the end, but was one in wliicli the entire board took the greatest 
interest and satisfaction. 

The executive committee exerted its influence at all times to induce 
well-known oi'ganizations of women, whether of business, educational 
or philanthropic interests, to find representation at the exposition, so 
when it was learned that Miss Grace H. Dodge was finding some diffi- 
culty in settling upon a place for exhibiting the idea of the working 
girls' associations, an idea not easy to classify, the executive com- 
mittee urged her to enter her exhibit in the organization room of the 
Woman's Building as educational work, and offered to aid in obtaining 
space, they deeming that the exhibits from women of New York State 
would be incomplete without a representation of the working girls' clubs. 
In the same way an exhibit from Miss Potter's children's outfit estab- 



Eepokt of Board of TTomex ^Iaxagees. 165 

lisliment, an oiitcoiue of the working girls' associations, was solicited, but 
although Miss Potter took up the plan with enthnsiasnij the outlay 
demanded was found to be too great and it was given up. Unfor- 
tunately there was a limit to the fnnds in the hands of the managers, 
and they were unable to accede to many requests for financial aid ia. 
the preparation of exhibits. Mrs. Hopkins" School of Applied Design 
was recommended to the Xational Board for exhibition. 

The astronomical work of Mrs. Anna Palmer DrajDer, the wife of 
the late Prof. Draper, was considered of such importance that a 
correspondence was opened with her in the hope that she would con- 
sent to find a ]ueans of making demonstration of it in the >Voman's 
Building. Mrs. Draper manifested a desire as a Xew York woman to 
co-operate with the women, but ujjon consultation with Prof. Picker- 
ing, director of the Harvard College Observatory, she wrote that she 
■^dshed to abandon the idea as the duplication of the work done for 
the Harvard College exhibit might detract from the exhibit. Mrs. 
Elizabeth G. Britton, -wife of Dr. Britton of Columbia College, was 
urged to make an exhibit of her work, and there was hope at one time 
of obtaining from her a unique collection of mosses about which she is 
said to have greater knowledge tlian any other woman in America, 
but she found she would not have suflicient time. 

A i-are exhibit of ferns, collected by Mrs. d ames Watson Webb, was 
arranged by Mrs. Britton in winged frames and shown in the scientific 
department of the women's building. 

The executive committee appointed an installation committee with 
the executive committee as ex-olficio members, to attend to the neces- 
sai'ily arduous task of installing exhibits at the opening and returning 
them at the close of the exposition, of which Mrs. Wadsworth con- 
sented to act as chairman. At this time, March, 1S92, only one appro- 
priation of 8'^5,0t)0 had been made for the women's board, and the 
executive, in making estimates oi expenses, found that even with an 
additional allowance of §25,000 from the second §300,000 jtist granted 
the Xew Tork State comtnission by the Legislature, they would not 
have sufficient means to carry out their work as it had been planned. 
Upon referring the matter to the general board they were advised to 
make application for an extra 810,000 in the supply bill. This appro- 
priation was granted and the women gave a promise that they would 
make no further appeal for money, and having pledged themselves to 
keep within this limit they closely considered every new outlay. 

A small provision was made for the knitting mills" exhibit, Mi-s. I:-ss 
being given charge of the details, and suitable cases were also A'oted for 
the autogi'aphs of famous women, which Mr. Thacher had generously 
loaned to the managers for exhibitirm in the Woman's Building. 

!N Ew York Local Coiuiittee. 

Tliree members of the exectitive committee being residents cf ITew 
York city and Brooklyn, they early suggested that there should be a 
local committee to take charge of the work there, and one was formed 
of all tlie members of the board from the first and second judicial dis- 
tricts, ten ladies in all. M-ith Mrs. IL Walter Webb as chairman.' A 



166 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

general invitation to attend the meetings, which were held twice a 
mouth, was extended to the members of the snb-committees in tliese 
two districts, and to Mrs. Trantman, as it was felt that an interchange 
of ideas in regard to the exposition work wonld be very beneficial. 
Frequently the members of the J^ew Jersey board were present by 
courtesy of Mrs. Webb, as they expressed a desire for such information 
as would come through the channels of a New York office. Miss 
Margaret Tomes acted as secretary for the local committee as well as 
for the bureau of applied arts, and the committee continued active 
work all through tlie autumn of 1892 and the winter and spring of 
1893, having an office in common with the committee of applied arts. 

Committee on Philantheopy. 

Fitch Oreohe and Day Wursery Exhibit. At the second board meet- 
ing Mrs. Dodge reported that, at the time the JSTew York committee 
of women made a visit to Cliicago, Mrs. Palmer suggested to Miss 
Love the idea of exhibiting tlie Buffalo Fitch Creche and training 
school for nursery maids witli its kindergarten in order to show how 
day nurseries in large cities are managed, this being considered the 
most advanced philanthropic work on record, as the children are edu- 
cated and the mothers rendered self-supporting. While at that time 
the Children's Building was little more than a dream, such a building 
had been decided upon, and it was now proposed to put to practical 
test there the day nursery methods. No exhibit of tlie kind had ever , 
before been made, but its success was proved in the fact that between 
10,000 and 11,000 children received its benelits and the day nursery 
system was thoroughly publislied, as these children came from every 
State and Territory in the Union. The philanthropic committee was 
somewhat discouraged just after the exhibit had been decided upon, 
because of the suggestion from several individuals engaged in philan- 
thropic work, that infants might be left on their hands by a certain 
class of women, but only one instance of this kind occurred, and 
this was on the next to the last day the exhibit was open. The nur- 
series were on the west side of the Children's Building, and often as 
early as seven o'clock in the morning a line was formed of parents 
waiting to " check " their children for the day. If the quarters had 
been larger the number of children would have been almost iinlimited. 
In order to better represent the State in this exhibit it was decided that 
the methods of the Buffalo Fitch Creche and training school for maids 
should be shown the first three months of the exposition. Miss Love 
made her preparations to have the Fitch Creche corps leave Buffalo in 
April, in order to open the exhibit the first of May, but having 
kept in comiTjunication with the Children's Building authorities she 
found that great delay had ensued in the erection of the building, 
and it was utterly useless to attempt to establish the exhibit at the 
time the exjDosition was to be formally opened. Not only did this 
prove to be impossible, but when she did go to Chicago the annoy- 
ances and delays she encountered were innumerable, principally owing 
to the unfinished state of the building. In spite of every endeavor to 
push the work the exhibit was not opened until June. A detail of the 



Eepoet of Boaed of "Women Managers. 167 

day nursery work is the feeding of the children, and a kitchen and cook 
are a necessary part of the menage. Tliere being but one kitclien in 
the building, Miss Love undertook also to prepare food for the children 
forming the exhibit of the home for the training in speech of deaf 
children from Philadelphia, under Miss Mary S. Garrett ; so about 
twenty-fire cliildren were fed every day, in addition to the regular day 
nursery groujj. Miss Love personally superintended her exhibit, which 
was hi cliarge of the matron. Miss Fanny Harris, the number of chil- 
dren taken care of averaging about fifty a day. 

Miss Harris had three kindergartens and ten assistants at first, and 
thirteen during the latter part of her term. There were some details 
about the day nursery exliibit tliat are not necessary in the management 
of an ordinar}' nursery, as, for instance, the " checking " of the chil- 
dren. Three cheeks were used for each child — one to pin to the back 
of the dress, another to attach to the garments taken off, and still 
another to give to the mother. 

Mrs. Dodge not being able to visit Chicago for more than a week at 
a time, her exhibit was established by her matron, Miss Margery Hall, 
who, with eighteen assistants, took entire charge of it after it was 
started on plans laid down by Mrs. Dodge. She was not hampered by 
any of the obstacles that beset Miss Love's first weeks, and three 
months of continuous work were possible. With the day nursery 
methods of Xew York city were exhibited the first ti-aining school for 
nursery maids, carried on in connection with the Babies' Hospital in 
Xew York. The total number of children taken care of during Mrs. 
Dodge's term was T,000, an average of nearly 100 per day. Mrs. 
Dodge at one time had the arrangements nearly perfected for a com- 
plete exhibit of kindergarten methods, such as was successfully carried 
out by some of the Chicago associations in the Illinois State Building, 
but when the kindergarten associations of Xew York met to discuss 
the matter the exhibit was given up because of the lack of unity of 
opinion. Miss Love and Mrs. Dodge had in both the creche and day 
nursery exhil:)its a kindergarten class for the older children, biit this 
was intended only as an exhibit of kindei'garten methods as adajjted to 
the needs of the day nursery. 

It was not easy to fix upon an appropriation that would cover the 
expenses of the nursery exhibit as there was no precedent for it, unless 
the fitting up and starting of an entirely new and very large nursery 
might be considered as one. Mrs. Dodge asked the boai-d for $2,500, 
at the S8.me time volunteering to raise a portion of the exjjenses by 
jjrivate subscription. Miss Love also received donations. A fee of 
twenty-five cents was charged for each child in order to cover the price 
of the food. The appropriation of §2,500 was exceeded, but the 
amount paid by the State does not represent the actual cost of the 
exhibit, nor can this be reckoned because of the x-ariety of the gifts 
and loans. The work of the philanthropic committee would not have 
been complete without some representation from the training schools 
for nurses. The fact that the British schools of nursing established 
originally by Florence Xightingale, and representing the London hos- 
pitals in all their strength, and enjoying the patronage of the Duchess 



108 1*1 Ew York AT THE World's Columbian Exposition. 

of Cambridge, liad already prepared a large and exhaustive exhibit 
appealed so strongly to the committee's patriotism, that some showing 
of the work done in jSTew York and Brooklyn in that line seemed an 
absolute necessity. Many plans were proposed and discussed. The 
medical director of the exposition, Dr. Owens, was appealed to for a 
jDermit to establish a pavilion for the reception of patients who fell ill, 
or met with accidents within an indicated radius, and which should be 
cared for by the several hospitals in turn. This and other plans being 
absolutely refused by those in power in Chicago, a silent exhibit was 
the last resort. This was accepted at once and assigned space in the 
Anthropological Building wliicli was not yet in course of construction. 
A small appropriation having been placed at the committee's dis]30sal, 
seven of the largest hospitals of New York and Brooklyn signified 
their •willingness to co-operate in the work. Bellevue's school headed 
the list, because of its being the first one established in this country, 
and was warmly seconded by the jSfew York Hospital and followed by 
the Presbyterian, Mt. Sinai, New York City (representing Charity and 
Maternity of Ward's Island, and Gouverneur and Harlem hospitals), 
Brooklyn City and Brooklyn Homoeopathic. Later in the summer the 
Women's Memorial Hospital of Brooklyn was added to the list in 
place of the Orthopedic Hospital of N"ew York, which gave up 
its plan of exhibiting what they were doing for the deformed. 
Great credit is due to the already over-taxed superintendents of these 
schools for the courage and energy with which they undertook this 
rather intangible exhibit, determined to devise ways and means of 
demonstrating the benefits they were conferring upon humanity. 

Bellevue contributed her medal and diploma won at the last Paris 
International Exposition, together with her report and text books, etc. 
Mt. Sinai followed with a complete list of surgical dressing baskets 
and other necessary paraphernalia belonging to the profession, while 
the Presbyterian Hosjjital furnished a model ward in miniature, with 
its medical surgical sides completely arranged with antiseptic appli- 
ances and nurses (dolls) in attendance, which attracted universal atten- 
tion and seemed to enlighten people upon the modern improvements 
now adapted to hospital furnishing more than any other part of the 
exhibit. They all contributed uniformed dolls, pictures of their wards 
and nurses' homes, diplomas and various articles pertaining to the pro- 
fession in the most generous way, and the committee desire to exjDress 
lierewith their appreciation of these efforts. 

As the date of the opening of the exposition approached, and the 
Anthropological Building was still far from completed, space was 
assigned to this interesting exhibit, through Mrs. Potter Palmer's kind- 
ness, in the educational department of the Woman's Building. It 
received most gi-atifying attention from the public at large. Three 
medals — ■ one for the Mt. Sinai school, one for the Presbyterian school 
and the third for the exhibit as a whole — were awarded. Justice 
demanded that each one of these schools should have been medaled 
alike, for each one showed some different branch of this system of 
instruction, and no effort was spared to secure this gratifying result, 
but argument and explanation proved of no avail, and while the com- 



Kepoet of Boaed of WoiiEX Managers. 169 

mittee regret the fact, the superintendents should not feel that their 
good woik was lost, for the3' contributed to the completeness of this 
exhibit, and have shown to the world tlie important part thev liear in 
the struggle the hospitals are making against diseases and death, and 
liow well they compare with the older schools of England and the 
continent. 

Miss Emily Huntington had the kitchen garden exhibit entirely in 
her charge, subject to direction from the executive committee. The 
sche;ne of kitchen garden work, a method of developing in little 
children a knowledge cf household duties, originated ^Wth Aliss Hunt 
ington, who was in charge of the "Wilson Indnstrial School for twenty 
years. It could, therefore, be shown as a purely Xew York exhibit, 
and the managers early felt an interest in presenting it at the expo- 
sition. Miss Huntington was invited to the board meeting of Sep- 
tember 7, 1S92, and there presented her plan for the exhibit. Such an 
exliibit had not been made before, and there seemed no way of show- 
ing the system other than by having children themselves demonstrate it 
every day. This wonld necessarily be an expensive undertaking, and 
the Board of Women Managers decided to allow Miss Huntington 
the 82,500 which she estimated it would cost, and within which limit 
she kept. Miss Huntington planned to have Chicago cliildren give her 
the necessary aid, and she immediately received the co-operation of the 
Cook County Xornial School and tlie Chicago Kitchen Garden Asso- 
ciation, two or three of whose teachers became her assistants. Miss 
Huntington arrived at her post the last of April expecting to be able to 
establish her exhibit at once, but she fonnd the formidable obstacle that 
hindered Miss Love. The rooms assigned to her in the Childreir s Build- 
ing, two on the second floor, were unfinished, and she was obliged to 
bide her time, hastening Ihe workmen from day to day by the author- 
ity cf the chairman of the children's building committee. Miss Hunt- 
ington was able to make exhibition of classes on the opening day, as she 
had been drilling the children in the gymnasium of the Cook county 
school, and an exhibition was made each day from the opening of the 
Children's Bniidine: till its close. It M-as no small task to make arrange- 
ments with the parents of twenty-nve little girls to dllow them to 
come to the grounds every clay at three o'clock, and then with the 
exposition authorities for their entrance. The same twenty-five 
children were not obliged to come each day. Miss Huntington 
being aided by the normal school and mission children at stated 
times during the week. All the children had to be safely 
taken to and from the grounds in wagonettes. Miss Hunting- 
ton's agreement was to dii'ect the exhibit herself during the entire 
six months. The work was a severe task, however, and she was 
obliged to leave Chicago and come east for a stay of two months 
and a half. She left the work in the competent hands of Miss 
Larraljee, wlio had been a pupil of Miss Huntington's years Ijefore, and 
directed tlie classes each day. That great interest was shown in the 
exhibit was manifested by the uuinber of people who crowded therornn 
while the children were going throngh their exercises, and at ether 
hours sought information about estaljlisliing work of the same character 

22 



170 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Expositioit. 

in other cities. One liundred and seventy -five different children had 
the benefit of the instruction, and there is no doubt that tlie system 
will be started in many towns wliere it was unknown before the expo- 
sition. On the afternoon of October fourteenth, by invitation from 
the Board of Women Managei's, Miss Huntington gave a reception and 
exhibition of her system in the New York State Building. One hun- 
dred children took part, and it was a very pleasant ending of a credit- 
able summer's work. 

Committee on the Decoeation and Furnishing of the Libeaey. 

The National Board requested the States to lend their aid in decorat- 
ing and furnishing the Woman's Building. New York at once entered 
into the scheme with an offer to equip the library. A committee was 
formed with Mrs. Sage as chairman, but no work was undertaken unti'. 
the autumn of 1892, except to obtain the consent of the Board of Gen 
eral Managers to an appropriation of $5,000 for the purpose. One ot 
the rooms on the ground floor of the Woman's Building was at first 
designated for the library, but upon consultation with Mrs. Palmer it 
was found that these rooms had all been assigned to exhibits. With 
the advice and aid of Mrs. Wheeler, who was a member of Mrs. Sage's 
committee, the large west room on the second floor was secured, and 
Mrs. Wheeler consented to assume the direction ^^f the decoration and 
furnishing, using her time and brain without stini in her labor of love. 
Five thousand dollars seems a generous appropriation for the equipment 
of a single room, but had not liberal loans been offered this sum would 
have been greatly exceeded. A second appropriation of $500 was 
found necessary, but as there has been a very fair rebate on the book 
cases the original a]3propriation Avill very nearly cover the cost. There 
were many unforeseen delay's, and even by the f orchig of labor the room 
was not completed until some time after the opening of the exposition. 
The most important loan was the ceiling. This Mrs. Dora Wheeler 
Keith designed and painted. The ceiling recalled that of some old 
Venetian palace in richness of color and style of composition, although 
the subject belonged to and was kept strictly in its place as a part of a 
great public library. It was composed of five large ovals or medal- 
lions holding groups of single figures, the spaces between being filled 
with connecting designs or bands of gilded ornament. 

The exhibit of the decoration of the library received an award. A 
separate award was made Mrs. Keith for the ceiling. 

Committee on Liteeatuee, Liteeaey Clubs and the Peess. 

A woman's library being one of the exhibits desired for the Woman's 
Building by Mrs. Palmer and her associates, the share that New York- 
State women were to take in it was dwlj considered at a second meeting 
of the executive committee, and a committee on literature was formed 
with Mrs. Bellamy as chairman. At a subsequent meeting Mrs. 
Bellamy presented her scheme for exhibiting the work of women writ- 
ers, which she'deemed would be incomplete if it consisted only of a 
display of books. Her idea, afterwards develojjed, was to divide the 



Eepoet of Boaed of Women Managees. 171 

exhibit into three bi'anches : First, an historical and chronological col- 
lection of all books written by women, native or resident of the State ; 
second, a series of chronicles prejjared by and representing every liter- 
ary clnb whicli had been organized for naore than three years, and, 
third, a record of the work done in the press and periodicals ; the 
entire exhibit afterwards to be presented to the State Libi'ary. 

Mrs. Bellamy succeeded in interesting three different organizations 
of women in her plan — the Wednesday Afternoon Chib, in the collec- 
tion of books ; the Sorosis, in the gathering of data relating to literary 
clubs, and the Graduates' Association of Buffalo, in tlie preparation of 
statistics relating to work in the press and periodicals. The Wednes- 
day Afternoon Club appointed a connnittee to undertake the collection 
of books with Mrs. Frederick F. Tliompson, chairman, and Mrs. 
Charles Havens Eoyce, secretary. Sorosis formed a committee with 
Mrs. Phcebe A. Hanaford as chairman, and the Buffalo Graduates' 
Association acted as a committee of tlie whole with its president, Miss 
Charlotte Mulligan, as chairman. The labor that such a plan entailed 
was very great, and Ijefore the exhibit was finally placed in the Woman's 
Building, hundreds, possibly thousands, of women, in various parts of 
the State aided in different branches of the work. The books finally 
made a collection of over 2,500 volumes. The work of obtaining 
them was done with the utmost zeal and success by Mrs. Frederick F. 
Thompson, Mrs. Charles H. Royce, and their assistants in the Wed- 
nesday Afternoon Club, and also by many helpers in the different coun- 
ties, notably Mrs. Henry Earle, Mrs. Wni. S. Packer and Mrs. Gordon 
L. Ford, in Brooklyn ; Mrs. Francis A. Goodale, in Utica, and Mrs. H. 
A. St. John, in Ithaca. A vigorous correspondence was kept up, 
advertisements sent out broadcast, private libraries, book stores and 
book stalls ransacked, and every means that patience and ingenuity 
could devise was employed to insure the success of the work. Many 
publishers offered a copy of eacli of the books they had issued by New 
Yoi'k women writers, and, generally speaking, authors, publishers, book- 
sellei's and friends were most kind and responsive. The collection of 
books consisted of children's stories, works of fiction, science, cookery 
and household economics, education, language, translation, original 
verse, compiled verse, travels, biography and memoirs, history, art, 
religion and miscellany. A copyrighted pamphlet was issued, contain- 
ing a list of wcmen authors and their works, asterisks being placed 
against the titles of the books sent for exhibition. Especial interest 
had been taken by the committee engaged in gathering books, because 
it had been stated that the collection would be shown by itself as a 
Xew York State exhibit. But in November, 1S92, an announcement 
was received that the Board of Lady Managers desired to make a united 
exhibit of books, and that it was expected the collection from the ISTew 
York board would become a part of it. Mrs. Bellamy brought the 
matter before the executive committee, and she was authorized to write 
to Mrs. Palmer that all the arrangements having been made to this end, 
the New York books must have place as a collective exhibit, or they 
could not be shown in the woman's library. She afterwards appeared 
before a committee of the National Board in Cliicago, and placed the 



172 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

matter befoi-e it in sncli a light that she was granted tlie reqiiired 
privilege. 

Being desirous of securing something besides mere data in regard to 
women's work in periodicals, Mrs. Bellamy decided to have selection 
made of magazine articles under separate heads, and to show them in 
typewritten folios in the library. An advisory council was formed, 
and included almost every woman in the State of distinguished ability 
in periodical literature, to decide upon the articles to l)e selected ; each 
of these ■women was made a committee of one to select the most brilliant 
articles under a certain head and write an introduction. In this way 
thirty-nine folios were prepared. As the work progressed one idea 
developed another and the literary committee decided to consult a 
publishei' as to the desirability of reproducing some of the articles in 
book form. Mi-. J . Henry Harper at once manifested an interest in 
the undertaking, and the result was that six little volumes were selected 
from the folios and published by Harper Brothers, under the title of 
the Distafl: Series, a name chosen by the editor, Mrs. Lucia Gilbert 
Runkle, who gave no small portion of her valuable time to the work. 
Through the courtesy of Mrs, Palmer and the exposition authorities 
the books were placed on sale in the library. The exhibit from the 
literary clubs was presented in seventy-fi\'e folios, representing every 
club of prominence and many of the minor associations in the State. 
Each folio contained a history of the organization with its constitution 
and by-laws and four representative papers, which had been read 
before it. These folios were bound in russet Suede, carrying on the 
cover the name of the club and a large blue seal, stamped with the 
badge of the Board of "Women Managers. The thirty -iiine literary 
folios, together with the list of 3,000 women contributors to the press 
and periodicals, the latter being carefully revised by Mrs. J. C. Croly 
(Jenny June), and some model folios showing how the work had been 
done in the various counties, were similarly bound, except that the 
seal used was white instead of blue. The typewriting in all the folios 
bearing this white seal was done by Miss S. Louise Conklin, of New 
York, and her assistants, with the utmost care and perfection, in order 
that it might form in a secondary -^vay an exhibit of model typewrit- 
ing. All of the covers of the folios were of golden i-usset Suede 
designed l)y Mrs. Pryor of the Associated Artists. The}' bore on the 
outside the reproduction of the seal of the Board of Women Managers. 

The first appropriation made for the literary committee was $300o 
As the work grew and it was found that the special printing and type- 
writing, besides other important items, would occasion large bills, the 
executive voted $3,000 in addition to the first sum. The latter amount 
" has not been exceeded, but note should be made of the fact that the 
Wednesday Afternoon Club genei'ously voted a subscription of §1,000, 
one of its members jjaying the rent of a room at the Bible House, and 
the services of a clerk during a considerable period wlien a place of 
deposit and a custodian were needed for the books. The literary clubs 
were required to do their own typewriting of records, etc., so the 
preparation of this branch of the exhibit was done without cost to the 
literary committee. With but t-wo exceptions, none of the -women 



KePCIKT I.IF EoARD OF WoMEN MaNAGEES. 173 

received the Siiiallest compeiisatiou for their time, and the exceptions 
•were made because it was ahsohitelj indispensable to liave the services 
of experts. At the close of the exposition the entire literary exhibit 
was removed to the Capitol at Albany, and placed in the State 
Library. The Governor of the State and tlie Director of the State 
Liltrary have most kindly promised their aid in secnring appropriations 
in the future, in order that tliis collection may every year receive the 
additions made to it by women throiighout the State, in the belief that 
it is destined to become a collection of genuine historic value. 

CoMJirrTEE ox Education. 

lu making Mrs. Andre\v D. White chairman of the committee on 
e'ducation at the first board meeting it was believed that the work, as 
directed by her, would have exceptional value. Unfortunately, owing 
to the appointment of Mr. White as Minister to Russia, and Mrs. 
White's subsequent departure, she was unable to take up her duties, and 
resigned from the chairmanship. Mrs. Bellamy, the first member of 
Mrs. White's committee, was at once urged to fill the vacant place, and 
only reluctantly acceded to the recpiest that her name should stand as 
chairman, if au expert migiit he appointed to do the work, as her plans 
in connection with the literary committee demanded all her time. 

Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College, was considered to be the 
woman most highly fitted for the position, and she was invited to rep- 
resent the women's board. In accepting the position Prof. Salmon 
refused any salary or remuneration other than her expenses. Before 
Prof. Salmon began her work Mrs. Bellamy paid a visit to Mrs. Alice 
Freeman Pahner, in Boston, for consultation, and there learned that 
Massachusetts had already been at work over a year, and Mrs. Palmer 
was paying three experts to make the researches required for a cred- 
italile exhibit. This information was somewhat appalling, hut only 
made the duties more exacting for New York. 

The educational work for the State having been given into the hands 
of the secretary of the Board of Pegents, Mr. Melvil Dewey, the 
Women's educational committee and Prof. Salmon considered that the 
best way to bring out women's interests was to work in connection with 
the men's departnaent, Mr. Dewey being entirely favorable to the plan. 
The work proceeded on these lines, aided to some extent by the mem- 
bers of the educational committee of the Board of Women Managers, 
and the sub-committees. Prof. Salmon gave her attention principally to 
private schools and women's colleges in this State, urging them to 
exhibit, but lent her valuable aid in a general way to the work of Mr. 
Dewey's bureau, which was comprised under three heads : First, that of 
public schools; second, Xha.t of private schools, including academies ; 
third, of colleges and universities. The plan was to have a comijlete 
exhibit of certain great systems of education, rather than to have a lit- 
tle exhibition of smaller schools. The magnificent showing made by 
K^ew York in all educational lines, in spite of limited time, is a fact to 
be pointed to with pride by both men and women. 



174 New Yokk at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



The Ccoking School Exhibit. 

In the last week of June, 1892, Mrs. Straualian received a coinmu- 
nication. from Mrs. Palmer, expressing tiie desire that a cooking school 
exhibit should be made liy New York State, as cooking schools had 
originated there. This was followed hj other letters urging Isew 
York's acting, as New York alone was expected to have a cooking 
school. The exhibit M'as classed among educational interests, and, after 
a meeting of the executive committee, Mrs. Stranahan, as a member 
of the educational committee, was asked and consented to take charge 
of this department. 

Miss Juliet Corson was named as the best exponent of the New York 
cooking school, but it was known she was in bad health, and there 
seemed little hope of her being able to take upon herself the responsi- 
bility. When the subject was broached to her by Mrs. Stranahan, 
however, she was found to be eager to assume charge of this important 
exhibit. 

During the summer of 1892 Mr. Thacher suggested to Mrs. Strana- 
han that a restaurant might be established in connection with the cook- 
ing school ; a contract was, therefore, drawn with articles to admit of 
conducting one. It was afterwards decided by the board that the 
proposition should 1)8 given up. Miss Corson was invited to appear 
before the board at the meeting of September T, 1893, and then stated 
that she had made a complete plan for a cooking school exhibit, and 
that the board would not be required to furnish any financial aid 
When asked how she proposed to pay the expenses of the exhibit, she 
rei)lied in a manner of self-reliance in which the board was led to place 
great confidence. Miss Corson's professional aliility was well known, 
and at this interview personal intercourse also made apparent her native 
gifts. She afterwards said that manufacturers with whom she had had 
dealings for years would aid her. A suggestion from the letter of Mrs. 
Palmer, whose comprehensive knowledge grasped even these details, 
that this might be a method of furnishing a model kitchen, added force 
to the proposition and it was accepted. The board expressed itself ag 
very grateful that one exhibit conld be made without an apjjropriation 
from the State. 

There is no doubt now tliat Miss Corson undertook more tlian her 
strength would admit of her carrying out. There were other things 
also that militated against her success. Allowing that the manufactur- 
ers would have been glad to aid by sending their goods and cooking 
utensils for her use, there was a lack of enthusiasm among them for 
the exposition, and this, combined with the hard times, prevented her 
receiving the co-operation expected, Jliss Corson had also relied upon 
the theory that Ne*v York would be the only State making an exhibit 
of cooking in the Woman's Building, conditions that soon became 
changed. Mrs. Palmer's plan was not to have Miss Corson director of 
the entire cooking school exhibit, as was first supposed, but to have 
Miss Corson's demonstrations at stated times during the week in alter- 
nation with other cooking school teachers. Every coniidence continued 
to be felt in Miss Corson until it was found that she had prepared a 



Report of Boakij of Women Managees. 175 

circular coiipliiiH' the names of the Board of Women Managers with 
hers in issuing au appeal for funds to carry on tlie exlubit. Hei judg 
ment was then questioned, as later, when she refused to share the model 
kitchen in the Woman's Building with Mrs. Eoi-er, wlio liad been 
pronused it at certain hours to carry on the Illinois exlubit of corn 
cookery. Ajiplication was made to transfer tlie exhibit to the Liberal 
Arts Building, but a reply was telegraphed that a I'eeent (March) decis- 
ii'jn of the management had ]5rohibited any cooking in tlie Liberal Arts 
Building. Ground space was then asked for, and after a considerable 
time it was granted, south of the Anthropological Building. Miss Cor- 
son expressed herself as entirely satisfied with the situation, as it was 
nekr the space deyoted to liygiene and sanitation and the Boston 
exhibit, known as the Eiimford Kitchen, and she went to Chicago to 
estabhsh herself. Meantime, as early as October, Miss Corson asked 
for a loan to tide oyer her financial difficulties until her location should 
become so assured that her appeals to outsiders might haye solid l)asis. 
She was still hopeful of the final result, and ilrs. Stranahan brought the 
matter of a loan before the executiye committee, with the effect that Miss 
Corson was requested to state what she would need. She replied, ask- 
ing for §l,OijO, payable at the end of five months. Later, when it was 
learned that a portable house would be needed in which to make the 
exhibit, the executiye committee took action to make the 81,000 loan to 
Miss Corson a perniauent approi^riation to coyer the expense of the house. 
While the board was in no way bound to aid Miss Corson, liecause of 
her early statement that sucli aid was unnecessary, it felt some respon- 
sibility for the exliibit as it was announced as a jS^ew York State 
exhibit, and the board desired also to show its loyalty to Mrs. Strana- 
han on account of her untiring efforts to make it a success. Indeed, 
tlie acceptance by the board of tlie public-spirited and generous ])ropo- 
sition of Miss Corson to require no appropriation from the State for 
her exhibit, gaye to the board tlie necessity of accepting results ^yith- 
out full exercise of judgment. 

It was not from lack of interest or from neglect that the cooking 
school resulted in much less than had been hoped for and indeed 
expected. In making the admission the board desires not to blame Miss 
Corson, but to attribute her failure to her deplorable state of ill-health. 

In the management of this exhibit allowance must also be made for 
the absence of a cooking school, jjroperly so called, with demonstration 
lessons, on account of the difficulty of forming a class for instruction 
and liokHng it long enough for it to receive the lessons because of the 
liastening of visitors from exhibit to exhibit. This flitting tendency 
was both proven and obviated in the exhibits in the Children's Building 
by locking the doors against egress during exercises. In the one other 
fooking school in whicli demonstration lessons were given, except the 
exhibit in corn cookery, the class for stated hours of instruction was 
secured from residents of Chicago. Miss Corson's ability was recog- 
nized by lier appointment to the distinguished service of judging the 
food exhibits. She also received an award for '' demonstrations in 
hygienic dietetics, the medical properties of foods and the operations 
I'f oheinieal and economic household science." 



176 Nkw York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Afro-American Exhibit. 

When Miss Howard began her exposition work she hardly knew in 
what direction lier efforts would do the most good to the women of her 
race, but she had an earnest desire to aid tliem by bringing before the 
public statistics in reference to their employment, an account of their 
progress and samples of their best work. She was given authority Ijy 
the executive committee to form her own committees and follow such 
lines as she considered best. Whatever may be the result, too much 
praise can not be given Miss Howard for her untiring and almost 
ceaseless work during about two years. As she is a ISTew York city 
public school teacher her time was not her own, and her out of school 
hours were greatly taxed. During the vacations she visited the sur- 
rounding and sometimes distant towns to organize sub-committees, and 
she sent written and printed appeals all over the State to arouse the 
women of her race to a knowledge of the importance of the occasion. 
She early made up her mind that these women could not, except m a 
few cases, compete with others in the different lines of women's work, 
and when it was suggested by the executive coinmittee that the Afro- 
American exhibit should be made by itself in order to give it a larger 
scope, urged by some members of her committees who claimed to see 
the advantage of sucli a division, she went to work earnestly to collect 
an exhibit tliat might show to some degree on what lines jjrogress is 
being made. 

Miss Howard's first efforts were in the direction of statistics. In 
making her researches she came upon so much that was interesting out- 
side of New York, that she was authorized to extend her efforts to 
other States. She, therefore, enlisted the aid of colored editors of 
newspapers, the teachers in schools all over the country and others 
whose positions gave them a knowledge of their people. In this man- 
ner and also by forming associations of women in Philadelphia, Wash- 
ington and Boston she gathered together a most valuable collection of 
information. To Philadelphia was assigned the interests of the Middle 
Atlantic States ; to Washington was given the task of obtaining statistics 
about women in the South and West, and to Boston the facts concern- 
ing New England women. These committees finally asked permission 
to confine their reports to the cities of Washington and Philadelphia 
and the State of Massachusetts. Not willing to give up the original 
plan of obtaining authentic information from the different sections of 
the United States, Miss Howard personally addressed letters of inquiry 
to over 1,000 women, from whom extremely gratifying reports were 
received. The data relating to New York State colored women was 
incorporated with the statistics arranged in charts by Miss Roosevelt's 
committee, while the general information was carefully and neatly 
transcribed by Miss Howard herself and sent to the State board. It 
was found that those colored women who had done the most to show 
their capabilities are teachers, authors, artists, doctors, designers, 
musicians, nurses (trained), engravers, missionaries, lawyers, inventors, 
clerks, librarians, bookkeepers, editors, etc. The facts obtained made 
a number of jjages of tabulated statements and it was at once decided 



Repoet of Board of AVomkn JNIanagkks. 177 

that these pages should be homul and placed on exhibition. The book 
rested on a table bookcase in tlie south record room of the Woman's 
Building during the exposition, and luis since been i-emoved with the 
other records to the State Library. 

The Afro-American exhibit was a varied collection of articles, chieHy 
the handiwork of colored women with a few interesting loans. The case 
in wliich it was exhibited was furnished for the pui'pose In- tlie National 
Board, who desired to show their interest, and stood in the southwest 
room leading from the gallery of the Woman's Building. The statriette 
of " Iliawatlia" by Edmonia Lewis, a colored woman sculptor of note, 
was with some difficulty obtained as a loan by J\Iiss Howard, aided by 
the chairman of the executive committee, from tlie Boston Young 
Men's Christian Association, and this was shown in the library. 

The only theft from any of the New York exhibits was made from 
the Afro-American collection. Tlie door of one of the cases was 
found open one morning in July and a gold chain witli ear-rings and 
brooch extracted. The occurrence was at once reported to tlie depart- 
ment of secret service, but the thief was never detected, and, therefore, 
tlie articles were never recovered. The board regretted the loss and 
felt that the exposition attthorities should make restitution to the owner. 
President Higinljotham was addressed on the subject, and half the 
value of the exliibit, which was placed at §210, was obtained from the 
exposition company, tlie board of women managers paying the owner 
the remainder. The Afro-American exhibit received an award. 

CoMMn'TEE ox THE CoLoxiAL Axi) Rkvolutionak V ExuiBrr. 

Mrs. Ralph Trautman, New Y^ork's I'epresentative on the National 
board, informed the State l)oard, at tlie meeting held in September, 
1892, that a committee had been formed for the purpose of preparing 
a colonial exhil)it for the exposition. She told the ladies that in order 
to make the collection a success the State boards would have to co-op- 
erate by organizing committees. The matter was not acted upon at 
once, in fact the members of the board felt themselves already suffi- 
ciently taxed, l)ut later Mrs. F. II. Jones, who was asked to fill a 
vacancy on the Women's Board, was invited and consented to take com- 
plete charge of the colonial exhibit, asking an a])propriation of $10,00(J. 
As she had no definite idea of the cost of such an exhibit, but knew 
the charges for insurance would he heavy, the executive committee, 
although anxious to aid Mrs. Jones in every way, felt that $10,000, 
being one-sixth of the entire amount at their disposal, was too large a 
sum for one exhibit. Several of the members so expressed themselves 
to Mr. Thacher, adding that the executive committee felt that $5,000 
was all it could afford as an ajipropriation from the Women's Board, and 
asking that the Board of General Managers should share tlie expense of 
the exhibit ; this Mr. Thacher agreed should be done, saying, if $10,000 
was needed, the second $5.<.i(»0 should be furnished by his board. 

It was at first intended that the exhibit should only occupy a show- 
case, filling one arch in the rotunda of the Government Building, but as 
it outgrew this space, it was divided into two parts — those objects 
which had distinct historical associations and value being shown in fhe 

Ar 1 



178 New York at the Woelp's Columbiax Exi'osition. 

Government Building, while those dealing witli the home life of the 
past were placed in a room set apart for them in the New York 
bnilding, which Avas constantly crowded M-itli visitors, who seemed 
cliiefl}' attracted by the "xlstor " piano, the old wheels for spinning 
wool and flax, a beautiful old Dutcli sledge and the massive silver ^ases 
presented to Governor Clinton on the completion of the Erie canal, 
which were admitted as being of great local interest, although belong- 
ing to a someAvhat later day. Showcases were tilled with small objects, 
wliile on the walls were hung portraits and interesting old deeds and 
grants of property. In the Government Building was shown the com- 
plete camp service used by General "Washington during the Revolurion, 
also that of General Philip Schuyler and various interesting articles 
loaned by his descendants and by the Yan Cortlandt family. A Avaist- 
coat embroidered by j\larie Antoinette and given by Madame Campan 
to her l)rotlier, Citizen Genet, attracted much attention, as did the 
miniatures of Alexander Hamilton, Colonel William Duer and the only 
order and diploma of Cincimiati exhibited by any State. 

As every article in the collection was prized by its owner far beyond 
its intrinsic value, the whole was heavily insured in the best companies, 
and tlie rate of insurance was so high that this was the largest item in 
the expenses of the committee, which were necessarily heavy. There 
were 230 articles exhibited, and everything in the Government Build- 
ing and of historical interest was returned to its owner without the least 
injury, only two small articles having l^een lost in the New York State 
Building during the process of unpacking while the building was still 
in confusion. Fortunately Mrs. Jones was able to keep within the 
appropriation made by the Board of Women Managers, as the space 
assigned for the exhibit in the Government Building was very smail. 

Applied Arts CoMAUTTiiE. 

An exhibit of women's work in tlie applied arts was among the first 
to be considered by the State board. As Mrs. Candace Wheeler had 
for years been closely associated with this bi-anch of industry, she was 
invited to become director of the exhibit. It was found impossible to 
make the collection without first establishing an office in New York 
city, as this was the center from which to direct or create interest in 
the exhibit. Through the kind aid of the late Mr. McNaughton, rooms 
Avere acquired at 11:22 Broadway, where tlie First Judicial Commission 
liad offices. Mrs. AVheeier at once asked for an approjiriation of 
$2,500 for the expense of gathering together the exhibit, but the sum 
was exceeded as the collection was made with greater difficulty than 
Avas at first anticipated. The office at 1122 Broadway Avas necessarily 
retained until the 1st of May, 1S93, but as it Avas used commonly by 
Mrs. Wheelef's and Mrs. Webb's committees, the office expenses Avere 
equally divided. Mrs. Wheeler was given the power to form as many 
sub-committees as she felt could aid her. She Avas sometimes unaA'oid- 
ably absent in Chicago for long periods, having received the appoint- 
ment of color director of the AVoman's Building, and at these times, 
Miss Margaret Tomes, secretary of the bureau, Avas frequently obliged 
to exercise her judgment in matters of importance. At the first of 



Report of Board of "Woiikx ^'Ianagees. 179 

the eight meetings held by Mrs. "Wheeler the different lines of work 
were disenssed, and the following connnittees formed : Committee on 
applied and decorative painting ; conmiittee on stahied glass and glass 
mosaics ; committee on modeling anil jalaster ornament ; committee on 
woodcarving, picture frames, etc. ; committee on ornamental leather, 
waJl paper, etc. ; committee on modern textiles and tapestries ; com- 
mittee on modern embroideries ; committee on modern ecclesiastical 
embroideries ; committee on designs for gold and silver work, gems, 
etc. ; committee on art manufactures in iron, brass, etc. ; committee 
on pottery, ]iorcelains, etc. ; committee on l:)ook liinding, book covers, 
etc. ; committee on modern handmade lace. 

It was hoped that these committees would completely cover the 
work of women in the applied arts, and that the workers themseh'es 
would quickly respond to the circulai-s and other ap]5eals sent all o\'er 
the State, liegging their interest in the exhibit. In September, 1S02, 
Mrs. "Wheeler found that if the exhibit was to be a credit, the choice 
specimens of work must be requested, ])erhaps personally sought after, 
treated as a loan, and the expenses of insurance and transportation paid 
by the board. The workers themselves found it impossible to send 
their contributions at their own risk and cost. Efforts made on these 
lines were productive of success although much hard work was entailed. 
ISTaturally the first general appeal brought to the bureau from the 
country districts, and even from Xew York, occasional articles which 
were of no artistic merit and othei's that wei'e well enough for a local 
exhibition, but were not of sufficient importance to place in a collec- 
tion for a great exposition. It was of course impossible to accept or 
reject proposed exhibits without having them placed before expert 
committees. Partly for the purpose of gatJiering together the articles 
in one place, so that they could be properly passed upon, and also in 
order to work up a stronger interest Ijy giving local color to the plan 
for the exposition, the chairmen of the various committees met and 
decided to hold a preliminary exhibition in Xew York city. It \vas 
euthtisiastically suggested that if the exhibition should prove success- 
ful it might result in the establishment of a regular exhibition and 
assist in the founding of a permanent bureau of applied arts. The 
"preliminary" was so planned that it very nearly paid its own expenses, 
being placed in the hands of the American Art Association, 6 East 
Twenty-third street, and, as above stated, it made it possible for the 
expert committees to inspect the articles with ease and make suitable 
selections for the exjjosition. The preliminary exhibition took place 
early in March. At its close 458 articles were chosen for Chicago, and 
wei'e packed and forwarded in charge of Mrs. "Wheeler. It was an 
important exhibit as showing the varied handicrafts of wcjnien. It was 
strong in certain lines, some of wliich were new departures in the field 
of women's W(_)i'k. The collection was shown in glass cases of such 
shape and dimensions as exhiljited the articles to advantage. The 
greater part of it was assigned space in the northeast corner and on the 
ground lioor of the Women's Building, but the space not being sutiicient, 
the wall papers and book cover designs, etc., were displaj^ed respectively 
in the educational department and tlie gallery. The work of the xisso- 



180 IS^KW York at the World's Coltjmbiax Exposition. 

ciated Artists, altliough planned at first for a separate exhibit, was finally 
included with tlie applied arts. 

The following exhibitors received awards : 

Mrs. Esther Carter, Mrs. Frederick Downer, Miss Sophie W, Downer, 
Mrs. S. H. Emerson, Clotilde Garboriiio, Meta S. Gibson, Mrs. Henry 
Hampton, Mrs. Jane Holdsworth, Mi's. Dora Wlieeler Keith, J. & R. 
Lamb, Mrs. Rhoda Holmes Nicholls, Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Mary 
Austin Peters, Jnlie Petit, Mrs. R. W. Preston, Miss JS(. C. Ryerson, 
Mrs. E. N. Vanderpool and Miss Pauline Yan Kuyck. 

Committee on Manufactures and Industries. 

The same difficulty to be met in all the coimnittees — lack of sufficient 
time — retarded tiie work on manufactures and industries. The board 
havino- been formed in the summer, just as the members were about to 
leave town, it was difficult to undertake any consecutive plans. Miss 
Roosevelt, chairman, appointed a sub-committee, with Mrs. Caspar 
Griswold, of New York city, at its head, but it M^as autumn before any 
practical work could be taken up. Inquiries about the women employees 
were tlien instituted at some of the factories, but there seemed so nnicli 
reluctance on the part of the manufacturers to furnish any facts that 
this method was abandoned. The desire of the committee was to 
learn in what proportion women were employed in factories, and as 
far as possible to obtain details concerning their positions relative 
to men. An attempt was made to investigate the various indus- 
tries ]iursued by women, many of wliicli had been o]iened to them 
only during recent years. Miss Roosevelt \\'rote the superintend- 
ents of the census and bureau of statistics in Washington, and also 
Jaines Connolly, Factory Inspector of New York State. She received 
the co-operation of all, and Mr. Connolly proposed the plan of 
compiling from his reports the statistics regarding women's work in 
factories. He said it would cost from $300 to $500 to ]3repare such 
a work, as the figures would have to be culled from his general reports^ 
some of which had been published tliough some had not. The expe- 
rience of an exjiert was desirable and he suggested that his own employ- 
ees should do the work. This plan was acceded to, the only recpiest 
from Miss Roosevelt being tliat Avonien should be assigned tlie task. In 
giving the work into the hands of Mr. Connolly's experts, it was found 
unnecessary for Miss Roosevelt and her committee on manufactures 
and industries to instigate any further inquiries about factory women, 
and the work of this committee was virtually merged in the committee 
on statistics. The compilations made in the Factoiy Inspector's office 
were so tabulated that at a glance it could be found how many factories 
there were in tlie State in which women were employed, what was the 
percentage of ■^womeii, etc. As an incidental matter, Mr. Connolly, at 
the request of Miss Roosevelt, asked some of the manufacturers to 
have their workrooms in wliich women were employed photographed. 
A certain number responded, and these photographs were placed on 
exhibition in the record room of tlie Woman's Building with the statis- 
tical charts. 



EErOKT OF BoAKI) OF WoMEN MANAGERS. 181 



Committee on Statistics. 

Early in the Avork for tlie exposition, Mrs. Palmer caused a circular 
to be sent out asking for a full record of what women were doing in all 
industrial lines, and she desired the ladies of each State and Territory 
to prepare eliarts giviiig full information as to such work. A com- 
mittee on statistics was one of the first to lie formed by the New 
York State Board of AVomen Managei's, and it was considered a wise 
plan to select a Xew York eitv woman as chairman. Miss Roosevelt 
was appointed, and accepted the position. Mrs. Palmer's expressed 
desire gave the work an imjjetus it could not otherwise have had, for 
gathering statistics is an almost thankless task. No matter how well 
such an exhilut might lie jjlanned, there could be no hope of completely 
covering the ground in the short space of time allowed, and even if 
inoomparablv well done the fact would still remain that the exhibit 
would Hidy interest a small number of individuals. But Mrs. Palmer's 
ol)ject was a good i.me, and the New York board was desirous of 
co-operating with her. The countj^ workers formed their committees 
on the lines marked out by the women managers, and in the coui'se of 
time records began to come in from different parts of the State. This 
was pioneer work, and Miss Roosevelt makes n(j pretension to a com- 
plete record. 

It is valuable, however, if for no other reason than its suggestiveuess, 
showing the innumerable olijects to which women turn for self-support. 
The question of the wage-earning power of men and women is beyond 
the scope of this report, but it would seem well to state what the 
investigations prove, that frecpiently the complaints made as to the 
higher wages given men are most unjust, as women are often the ones 
who cut down the wages for their whole .sex. Tliis is largely owing to 
the fact that many only wish to help support themselves while living 
at home, and constantly look forward to the probability of marriage. 

Miss Roosevelt found a very able co-w(jrker in Miss Florence Lock- 
wood, and slie was aided also by Miss Mary Gay Plumphreys, a news- 
paper woman, who had given special attention to factory women, and 
Miss Margaret Finn, factory inspector. Miss Loekwood was made 
chairman of the New York city suh-committee, and more than a year 
was most exactingly demanded from the women in their task of col- 
lecting and preparing the statistics. It is interesting to state here that 
one of the men in Washingtcui, whom Miss Roosevelt consulted as an 
authority in regard to her work, said that whatever her connnittee was 
able to jjrint, so long as it was correct, would be most useful even 
where not absolutely full. Something of the nature and magnitude 
of the work of the committee on statistics will be seen by the following 
extracts from a report issued .several months ago : " The data given 
has in every instance, except two (for the insane and criminal reports), 
been collected by volunteers and in all instances arranged by volunteers. 
When this fact is realized and it is also remembered that up to this 
time nu attempt has been made to make a general and complete classi- 
Hcatiou of the achievements and occupations of women, it will bo under 



182 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

stood why the report is iii some respects so impei-fect and so inadequate 
ill representing the women of the State. 

" The women of 'Sew York State number 3,020,960 (total popula- 
tion 5,997,953), an eleventh of the whole female population of the 
Union. Owing partly to J^ew York's being an old and thickly-settled 
State, containing the largest city in the republic, it has initiated and 
led many of the most important experiments and movements in which 
women have been engaged during the past fifty years. 

" Among tlie professions, the progress of the study of medicine by 
women has been pecuharly noteworthy, the first medical diploma ,ever 
given to a woman being presented to Doctor Elizabeth Blackwell in 
Geneva, N. Y., in 18J:9 ; the first women's hospital in the world founded 
in 1857, in iSTew York city, and the first medical society to admit women 
members opening its doors to them in 1867. The medical educational 
facilities for women, with the exception of liosiDital practice, are bet- 
ter in this State at this moment than in any other State or country in 
the world. 

'• The number of women journalists is also noteworthy, 2,401, among 
whom 321 rank as editors of daily, weekly and monthly publications. 

" The philanthropic movements in wiiicli women have taken part 
and in most of which they have co-operated witli men, have not only 
been earnest and benevolent but wise and enlightened, and the condi- 
tions of important social problems have in many instances been radically 
changed and bettered by their action. A number of hidividual women, 
among whose names that of the great reformer Dorothea Dix may be 
mentioned, liave done valuable and important work in relation to the 
State care of the insane, the pauper and tlie criminal population, not- 
ably in the case of the State Charities Aid Association, which in con- 
junction with men, but founded by a woman, has, since its birth in 
1872, made many important legislative reforms. 

" The Working Girls' Club Association, the Training School for 
JSTurses, the Kitchen Garden system of education, the Day Nursery, 
the Consumers' League, were all of them first started in this State by 
women. 

" Its age and size, however, have also formed a strong conservative 
element in the State and kept practically closed many professions and 
checked many movements which tlie younger and less-fettered Western 
States have forwarded. For instance, the practice of law by women is 
practically a dead letter in New York, although the bar is nominally 
open to women and the legal educational facilities good ; and in all 
questions concerning the political rights and duties of women New 
York holds a very conservative position, and as yet has not extended 
any of the privileges of the franchise (except voting for school boards) 
to women. The first woman member of the State Board of Charities 
was appointed in 1877 in New York city. In collegiate, academic and 
common-schoo! education New York stands next to Massachusetts, and 
in special professional, technical and industrial education leads the 
Union Mention has already been made of the special facilities offered 
to physicians, and the list of valuable technical schools and institutions 
is a long one. 



Report of Boaed of Women Managers. 183 

"The -^vork in designing by the pupils of the Cooper Union Ait 
School, the Art Stndent's League and the Academy of Design has 
been a valuable contribntion to the artistic development of the nation. 
In presenting the report on the female criminals, the statistics 
being official, an effort has been made to rank !New York, and it lias 
been found that she occupies a sad pre-eminence, her total female popu- 
lation forming one-eleventh of the Union, and her female criminal 
population one-third. This is partly accounted for by the fact that 
New York city receives annually a large influx of low foreio-n 
emigrants. 

" In presenting the list of gifts and bequests, the tirst recorded gift 
by a woman was a silver communion service, given by Queen Anne to 
St. i'eter's Church, Albany, in 1715." 

This report and accompanying records were printed in pamphlet 
form and had a limited distribution durmg the exposition. 

As j\Irs. Palmer had requested that the statistics should be put into 
such a shape that comparison could be made with those of other 
countries and States, Miss Koosevelt decided to have those of ISTew 
York tabulated with all the items clearly shown. Pages of paper 
tweuty-two by twenty-eight Avere used for the statements and mounted 
and interspersed alternately with the photographs of the interiors of 
factories where women were at work. The standard was assigned 
space in tlie north record I'oom adjoining the library in the Woman's 
Building, and has since tlie close of the exposition been transferred to 
the State Library in the Capitol at Albany. 

Doll Exhibit. 

The display of fashion plates at the Paris Exposition having sug- 
gested to Mrs. Halsey the possibility of having a similar exhibit at the 
Columbian Exposition, she was requested to take charge of the 
arrangements. Mrs. Dodge proposed adding costumed dolls represent- 
ing the different periods in American history, and the idea meeting 
with favor, Mrs. Dodge was asked to take the matter in charge. After 
much corres]3ondence regarding the fashion plates, Mi-s. Halsey reported 
that a large exhilut of them was to be sent from Paris so that any she 
had found it possible to collect would be incomplete and inferior. It 
was then decided to give up that part of the exhibit. 

The scheme of the costumed dolls was carried out with great success, 
sixteen being dressed by New York dressmakers, under the supervisioa 
of well-known societj' girls. Space in the Woman's Building was first 
assigned the case containing the dolls on one of the landings leading to 
the second floor, but it was afterwards removed to a place on the ground 
floor near the north entrance. Here it attracted much attention, at 
some parts of the day being surrounded by a crowd of women and 
children. Since the close of the exposition the dolls have been sold for 
a sum which nearly equals the amount paid by the State for the exhibit. 

Committee on Music. 

It was not until the meeting of the executive committee, held Se]> 
tember Ti, 1S92. that the subject of a committee on music was discussed. 



184 New Toek at the Woeld's CoLijjiBiAif Exposition. 

It was known that the National hoard had such a committee, and as the 
State board had endeavored to follow the lines marked out hy the ladj 
managers, it seemed advisable to establish a committee on music. 
Before the meeting Mr. Tliacher requested that the women's board 
should not confine itself to statistics aljont women in music, liut should 
obtain all the data possible about musical societies and organizations, 
without regard to the sex of members. Miss Roosevelt was appointed 
chairman of the committee. She said it would not be possible for her 
to undertake the work as she was alread}^ chairman of two committees, 
but she would endeavor to form a sub-committee. Miss Charlotte 
Arnold, whose love and knowledge of music eminently fitted her for 
the work, kindlj consented to accept the chairmanship, and, with the 
consent of the board, formed an advisorv committee of men. Miss 
Arnold gave her entire time to tlie work as her task demanded. The 
following interesting extract is made from Miss Arnold's rej^ort : 

" The attempt of your committee has been to record the work of 
musical societies and organizations, vocal, instrumental, educational and 
in churches, giving also tlie names of resident musicians throughout the 
State, and a chronological list of the performances of opera in New 
York city, and of distinguished foreign artists, whose ^-isits ha\-e done 
much to raise our standards and attest our appreciation of the best 
examples of the art. 

" Although musical knowledge was very crude and limited in Amer- 
ica two hundred years ago, the desire for music existed strongly among 
the Dutch and English settlers on Manhattan Island, and its gratifica- 
tion and growth were not impeded by puritanical prejudice. The tra- 
dition of concert gardens goes back to the early days of the settlement, 
when there was one at Corlear's Hook, whose name was derived from 
Van Corlear, the principal trumpeter of the fort at New Amsterdam. 
Castle Clinton was ceded to tlie city, and became Castle Garden in 
response to the demand for a promenade with music for the use of the 
public. During tlie seventeenth century choirmasters came from 
England, singing societies for rendering church music were formed, 
and in 1690 music was first printed in the colonies. In 1753, William 
Tuckey, a schoolmaster of New York, tauglit singing to the children 
of his district. In 1T66 he was paid by the trustees of Trinity for 
performing the music at the opening of St. Paul's Chapel. He con- 
ducted the first performance of the overture and sixteen other num- 
bers of the" Messiah' in Trinity Church, in October, 1770. Oratorio 
performances were given at St. Paul's and Vauxhall Garden, and 
orchestras were gradually formed, tliough many instruments were 
wanting until operatic performances were regularly given. 

" From these beginnings, imperfectly suggested, have developed the 
musical conditfons of to-day, which are only partly represented by 
the accompanying report. 

" In regard to amateur work, it should perhaps be said the principal 
societies of the city have been founded by amateurs. Amateur asso- 
ciations have always existed, and of late years so many have been 
formed that it is not possible to enumerate them. They are most 
varied as to numbers and scope of work, continually disbanding and 



Eepoet of Boaed of Womex Managees. 185 

reforming, and generally unknown beyond a small circle. A madrigal 
dull, a ladies' morning class (vocal), a ladies' orchestra (24 members), 
■wJiick existed four or five years during the last decade (these now 
extinct), a choral club (60 to 90 members), whieli was started 20 years 
ago, a string quartette (men), which has existed as long, and a music 
chib (150 members), recently organized, are among the best known. 
Amateur operas, more often burlesques, are frequently given. 

" Eleven hundred and sixty churches in the State emj^loy choirs. 
All th? counties have not been heard from, nor has the information 
received always Ijeen suthcieutly definite. 

" It has not been possiljle to oljtain a satisfactory list of musicians. 
Over 5<}0, however, are reported. Since composition is a part of every 
student's education, the fact of publishing songs and small pieces does 
not entitle the writer to be called a composer." 

Committee o2f the Loan Exhibit of Laces. 

Fans, 2fiii'udu'res and Antique Enibroideries. In one of the early 
interviews that Mrs. Palmer had with some of the members of the 
board she called attention to the fact that many ISTew York ladies pos- 
sessed rare laces, etc., from which a fine collection ought to be made for 
exhibition. The executive committee took the matter up and at one of 
its early meetings appointed Mrs. Corning chairman of a committee to 
make a collection of laces, fans, miniatures and antique embroideries, 
the chairman to have the power to choose the meml)er.? of her com- 
mittee. Mrs. Corning declined, and Miss Love and ]\Lk. Wadsworth, 
being offered the chairmanship successively, begged to be excused also 
as they were burdened with other work. The position was accepted 
by Mrs. Burton X. Harrison, of Xew York, who appointed her 
own committee. Mrs. Llarrison and her committee began their 
work vigorously and obtained the assurance from a number of 
individuals of some fine loans if a guaranty could be had that a 
lieavy insurance should cover their jjossible loss. The subject of 
the insurance was a continual thorn in the flesh of those who had 
charge of the loan exhibit. Mrs. Harrison considered that a policy 
of not less than ,S.500,000 should be taken out, and when the matter 
was referred to tlie Board of General Managers Mr. Thacher said that 
the exposition authorities were resjjousiljle the moment the exhibit 
entered the exposition grounds, and, therefore, the guaranty must be 
issued by tliem. Application was at once made to Mrs. Palmer to 
.secure it. In course of time a promise was given that the collection 
would be heavily insured, but the request was made that the article* 
should be itemized as to their value. The difBcnlties in the way of 
obtaining this minute information was very great. Meanwhile, Mrs. 
Harrison had resigned her chairmanshij) to go to Europe, Mrs. 
William Greenough consenting to take her place. There was to be 
an iusurance taken out by the Board of AVomen Managers on the col- 
lection during the few days that the articles were being gathered 
together to be packed and during transportation. The anxiety per- 
taining to this work Mrs. Greenough felt too great for any one out- 
side of the board, and although she offered to do everything in her 

2-lr 



186 IS^EAV YOKK AT THE AVoKLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

power, she asked, that one of the members of the board shotihl act 
as the responsible liead. TJie matter again came before the executive 
committee, and it was decided that Mrs. Sage, as chairman, should 
assume the direct responsibility, but as there must be others for the 
active work, Mrs. Wel)b undertook the collection of fans : Mrs. Dodge 
of embroideries, miniatures, watches and boxes ; Miss ITewbold still 
held her position as chairman of the original committee of laces. A 
guaranty was obtained from President Higinbotham of the exposition 
company to pay $200,000 in case of fire or accident to the collection, 
it lieing too late for him to obtain a policy from any insurance com- 
pany for such an amount. The actual value of the collection was after- 
Avards found to be $93,000, and the responsibility for the amount was 
transferred from President Higinbotham to the Board of Lady 
Managers whose committee on insurance succeeded in taking out 
policies with a number of different companies. At last the collection 
was transported, to Chicago, where Mrs. Dodge, Miss Newbold and Mr. 
E. Hamilton Bell and the members of the installation committee 
devoted themselves to putting it in the showcases jnade for the purpose. 
The collection occupied the middle portion of the west . gallery of the 
Woman's Building, and it was removed at the close of the exposition 
and returned to tlie owners without loss or accident. The sum of $2,500 
was set aside November 15, 1892, to cover the first expenses of the 
loan and colonial exhibits. Later a round sum Avas appropriated for the 
colonial exhibit and the $2,500 was devoted to the loan, an amount not 
sufficient to cover all the expenses, but the deficiency was made up as 
required. 

Committee on Fine Aets. 

This committee was one suggested by the Board of General Managers 
and began its existence at the first meeting of the Board of Women 
Managers as one of its standing committees. At first there seemed 
nothing for the women to do, as there was a large committee of artists 
at work in the State already, but in the course of a few months Mrs. 
Palmer called upon New York to send twelve pictures to be exhibited 
in the gallery of honor in the Woman's Building and it was requested 
that these should be recommended by the committee on fine arts as of 
superior merit. The art committee set to work at once to carry out 
this request. 

ih's. Sage was first appointed chairman but declined as she already 
had all the A\'ork she could undertake. Mrs. Stranahan was next 
appointed and declined for the same reason. Finally Mrs. Pell-Clarke 
consented to fill the place, although feeling herself unfitted for the 
. position. In November Mrs. Pell-Clarke went south for the winter 
and Mrs. Llalseyjwas asked to be chairman during her absence. It was 
while the latter "bccupied the chair that she, with the assistance of Mrs. 
Stranahan, formed an advisory committee of women artists for the 
purpose of making the selection of pictures for the Woman's Building. 
Mrs. Plioda Holmes Nicholls was made chairman of this advisory com- 
mittee and Miss Annie B. Shepley secretary. The other members were 
Mrs. Dora Wheeler Keith, Mrs. Marie Guise Newcomb, Miss Maria 
Brooks, Miss Clara McChesney, Mrs. Kosina Emmet Sherwood, Miss 




SECTION OF THE EXHIBI I OF APPLIED ARTS. 



Rkpokt of Board of Womkx Manaoees. 187 

Caroline Ilecker ami Mr.s. Ivenyou Cox. The committee found tliat 
the Ijest worlv by women artists in New York had already been con- 
tributed to the regular tine art department of the exposition. A col- 
lection of pictures was made, however, at Budworth & Sons, on Four- 
teenth street, ISTew York, and the committee acting as jurors selected 
twelve. These, which in justice to the painters it should be stated 
wero not up to their highest standards, except, perhaps, in the case of 
]\[iss Brooks and the busts of Lincoln and Grant by l\Irs. Sarah F. 
Ames, were sent to Chicago at the expense of the board. The bust 
of Mrs. Stowe, and the portrait of Pocahontas were acquired for the 
library by members of the line art committee, Mrs. Sage securing the 
fornjer through the sculptor, Miss Annie Whitney, and ]\Irs. Pell- 
Clarke olitaining the latter from Mrs. Palmer, it having been sent to 
the exposition from England by Mr. Wellcome. Through some unac- 
countable ox'ersight the portrait of Pocahontas remained in its box for 
half the sununer, and it was through Mi's. Pell-Clarke's intervention 
that its whereabouts were discovered. The chairman had it placed at 
once in the library. She also imdertook the reshipraent of the picture 
at the close of the exposition to its owner, Mr. Wellcome. 

The national committee of New York artists appointed by Mr. 
Halsey C. Ives disclaimed the cliargc of having been hostile to women 
artists in making their choice of pictures for the Fine Art Building, but 
many complaints were forced upon the conmiittee on fine arts of the 
Board of Women Managers, and there were various requests received to 
have pictures i-econsidcred. The women did not find it within their 
power to accede to such requests. Considerable trouble was taken to 
gather statistics about women artists, and it was learned that several 
hundred wiimen, natives and residents of the State, were following art 
as a profession. The subject of the appointment of women jurors in 
the national advisory committee was brought before the executive com- 
mittee, and, therefore, appears in tlie report of that committee. 

Acting upon a suggesrion made by Mrs. Halsey, Mr. Bierstadt was 
asked to loan his picture of the '' Landing of Columljus " for exhibition 
in the New York State Building. On granting the request of the 
women Mr. Bierstadt offered the companion picture, " The Yosemite." 
Although space for these pictures was promised, much to the regret of 
the committee the place M'as not found for them. The architects of 
the building requested that no pictures should hang on the walls, as 
rich draperies and paper had been especially designed for them. Mr. 
Bierstadt's pictures recpaired a strong light and peculiar color surround- 
ings, and although the architects were obliged to yield to the judgment 
of others before the summer was over, a few pictures finding place in 
the large rooms on the entrance floor, the committee felt that Mr. 
Bierstadt's pictures would not have l^een seen to advantage on any of 
the wall sjjaces available. 

KxiTTiNt; jMills Exhibit. 

Mrs. Palmer's appeal to tlie industrial women of the countr}' to take 
part in the exposition, bniught a letter to her from Miss Ellen Conlon, 
a worker in one of the knitting mills of Amsterdam. She expressed 



188 New Yobk at the "World's CoLniBiAN" Exposition. 

herself iu enthusiastic terms of appreciation and offered to do wliat she 
could to interest other factory Avomen iu the women's department. 
Mrs. Palmer referred the letter to the State board and Mrs. Ives was 
authorized to follow np the matter. When Miss Conlon was seen, she 
suo-2;ested that the women iu the knittins- mills should make a united 
exhibit. She advised that an invitation to take part should be ext-ended 
to the women in the factories at Amsterdam, Cohoes and Little Falls, 
and volunteered to bring the matter before the workers in Amsterdam. 
It was necessary to obtain the co-operation of the manufacturers, and 
Mrs. Ives visited all three of the towns for this purjjose. The princi- 
pal millowners promised their aid, and later gave j^ermission to their 
employees to make special garments for exhibition. A sll0^vcase was 
provided by the Board of Women Managers, almost the only expense 
the exhibit occasioned, and about two dozen articles were shown. The 
display was made in a corner of the room in which the Afro-American 
showcases were placed. It was the least artistic of all the exhibits, but 
there was satisfaction to the board in having undertaken it, if for no 
other reason than that the women represented were exceedingly 
gratified. 

Committee o^^ the Ijtstallation and Closing of Exhibits. 

As the work of the women's board progressed toward the final col- 
lection of exhibits in Chicago, the fact became apparent that a counnit- 
tee would be needed to see that articles were properly installed at the 
beginning, and repacked and sent to their owners at the close of the 
exposition. At an executive meeting, held on the 15th of March, 
1893, Mrs. Wadsworth was proposed as chairuian of an installation com- 
mittee. She at first declined tiie chairmanship, but finally accepted at 
the urgent request of the executive committee. The three members of 
the installation committee were each allowed their expenses for eight 
weeks iu Chicago, to attend to their duties. Mrs. Wadsworth had the 
power to send for the members whenever she deemed it expedient, and 
also to call the chairmen of committees having special exhibits, as they 
had responsibilities that others could not always assume. Mrs. Wads- 
worth and the other members of the installation committee met in 
Chicago soon after the middle of April, and the work was at once sys- 
tematized as fully as possible ; but all exposition work was behindhand, 
and it was soon found that even with the most herculean efforts it 
would be impossible to install the exhibits by the first of May. Many 
matters of business connected with the work which had heretofore been 
brought before the executive committee were necessarily decided in 
Chicago, and for this reason frequent meetings of the iustallation com- 
mittee were hel4^ Deskroom was given the committee iu the Woman's 
Building, that being the most convenient place for headquarters, and at 
the first meeting of the committee Miss Tomes was made secretary. 

Details connected with the Afro-American exhibit, the sale of the 
books in the Woman's Building, the assignment of space for a portion 
of the colonial exhibit in the State building, and the matter of the 
insurance on the loan collection, all required and recei\'ed the attention 
of the installation committee. The exhibit of the bureau of applied 



Repobt of Board of Women Managers. 189 

arts, and oi the Decorative Art Society, and some individual exhibits 
from the State, were installed nnder the personal direction of Miss 
Tomes. 

There were delays in the delivery of showcases, and the boxes of 
exhibits were slow in arriving. It was necessary constantly to coerce 
the workmen, and the bad weather, with all the other disadvantages, 
had a most depressing effect npon every one concerned, but althdugh 
good results were very difficult to obtain for the hard work expended, 
the board was justly proud when the exhibits were finally placed. Mrs. 
Wadsworth was not able to leave Chicago until June eighth. She then 
consigned to Miss Tomes the care of the New York State exhil^its in 
the '^V'oman's Building. The listing and entering for award of a large 
nnmber of them which had not previously been entered, and other 
duties l)esides the correspondence entailed by her work, left Miss Tomes 
little time for the sale of the " Distaff Series," which was also intrusted 
to her. Miss Jennyss was, thei-efore, spared from some of her office 
duties and devoted a portion of each day to the sale of the books after 
the middle of August. A regular rontine was followed during the 
summer. The last of August Mrs. Wadsworth went to Chicago, and 
giving a week to the matter made such arrangements as were possible 
•at that early date for packing and returning the exhibits at the close of 
the exposition. Such details as she could not enter into at the time she 
left in the hands of Miss Tomes. It was by this thoughtful planning 
of tlie work before the exposition officials were overburdened, tliat the 
fine record of having every exhibit packed and out of the grounds by 
Novemljer sixth was made. Mrs. Wadsworth called her connnittee to 
Chicago October twenty-fourth, and by employing a shipping agent 
who engaged a team to bring the empty boxes to the Woman's Building 
early on the morning of November first, and by having the packers 
to beffin the work at once evervthinii' moved as if bv magi-c. The 
librai-y furniture •was sent to New York by freight, but the boxes of 
exhibits were all forwarded by express, it being considered wiser to 
incur the extra expense rather than drag otit the work. It was neces- 
sary to have some of the collective exhibits sent to a place of safety in 
New York and to retain Miss Tomes to make the distribution to the 
individual owners. Miss Tomes returned to New York November 
thirteenth, established her business headquarters at Miss Roosevelt's 
house, by the latter's kind request, and until December sixth gave her 
time to managing the return of the exhibits and to correspondence 
with the- exhibitors. The articles themselves had been sent to Bud- 
woi'th's, which firm had successfully packed them in the spring, and 
the distribution was made from there. Miss Tomes not having com- 
pleted her reports and correspondence at the above date, she removed 
her desk to her home in Washington, where she was occupied until 
December fifteenth. With the exception of the loss by theft of the 
gold chain, bi'ooch and ear-rings from the Afro-Ainerican collection 
(mention of which has been made in the I'eport of Miss Howard's work) 
and two brass articles from tiie applied arts exhibit, which had never 
been under the care of the installation committee, having been mislaid 
by tliose in charge of the preliminary exhiliition in New York city 



190 Nkw Yokk at thk World's Columbian Exposition. 

dni'iiig tlio illness of Mis;? Tomes, the articles were all returned. A 
blank receipt was issued to each exhibitor, to be signed if received 
in good order, and it is gratifying to report that the secretary of the 
installation committee lias received them all duly signed. 

Considering the fact that there were a dozen State exhibits in the 
\V Oman's Jjuilding. besides several exhibits in other buildings, and that 
these consisted of Iniudivds of articles, this is regarded as an admirable 
record. No appropriation was made for the expenses of the installa- 
tion committee, as there was no jjossible means of knowing what these 
wo\ild be. 

Every effort was made to sell the showcases and other articles that 
had been paid for by the State and upon which it was hoped there 
might be a rebate. At the suggestion of Mrs. "Wadsworth, Miss Tomes 
apjilicd early to dealers in showcases hoping that a satisfactory arrange- 
ment might be made, but the only bargain possible, excejitiiig in a few 
instances, where good cases were sold outright, was for the sale of tlie 
plate glass. At the last the wrecking company Avere appealed to, but 
the market was so flooded that absolutely no bid Avas obtained for the 
showcases without glass. The furniture in the State building which 
the board had paid for was purchased by the members of the board 
and a fe\v outsiders who were M'illing to pay snu^lI sums for these 
souvenirs. The articles so bought were removed at the expense of the 
purchasers. The instfillation committee well considered this plan before 
they carried it into operation, deciding it was preferable to so dispose 
of the effects which were of no great value as second-hand wares, 
rather than have the expense of transporting them to New York State. 

The exhibits in the Chiidrcn's and (lovernment buildings were in 
chai'ge of the chairman of those exhibits as they required special super- 
vision. Mrs. Dodge's effects were nearly all packed liy her matron, 
Miss Hall, Miss Patterson attending to their removal. The care of 
having the creche belongings jiacked and removed "was placed by Miss 
Love in the liands of Miss Patterson, who was to remain in Chicago 
until the exposition closed. She was made a temporary member of the 
installation connnittee to beneiit by the exjierienee of the others, but 
her work was not in any way connected A\-itli theirs, and she was felt 
to have accomplished a most arduous task when .she announced at the 
last meeting tliat every article belonging to both exhibits had been 
returneil. 




bE^TION OF THE EXHIBIT OF APPLIED ARTS. 



Repoet of Boaed of Women Managees. 191 



EXPENDITUEES. 



Eebate. 



Day Kurserv exhibit |2,662 40 

Fitcli Creche exhibit 2,139 60 

$4,802 00 SI 72 55 

Cooking- School exliibit 1.832 39 

Autographs exhibit 322 94 

Triiiied ]!\urses exhibit 700 17 17 00 

Knitting Mills exhibit 184 82 15 00 

Decoration of the library 5.448 57 916 00 

Statistics exhibit 1 (J52 31 

Manufactures and Industries exhibit 515 23 

Applied Arts exhibit 3,59109 38 09 

Literary exhibit 2,906 28 

Afro- American exhibit 574 93 

Loan exhibit 3,629 17 40 25 

Colonial exhibit 4,611 31 .55 14 

Kitchen Garden exhibit 2,402 01 5 00 

Doll exhibit 365 53 305 00 

Educational exhibit 328 52 47 50 

Fine Arts exhibit 261 15 

New York local committee expenses 1 ,398 29 

New York State Building exhibit 2,227 71 

Installation and closing 3,483 09 

Salaries, traveling expenses and sundries (to be augmented). 

Report (to be augmented) 

Children's building appropriation 

B)' Mrs. Corning 



11,. 587 55 

34 50 

2,000 00 




595 33 
35 00 


$54,854 56 


§2, 


,241 85 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN THE WOMAN'S 

BUILDING. 



PAIXTI?fGS AND SCULPTURE. 

A'Becket, iliss ilarie, Xew York.— Tlie 
Storm. 

Coman, Mrs. C. B. AVaturville.— Thistle- 
down. 

Brooks, MlssMariii, New York. — Down 
Piccadilly. 

Emmet, Miss Lydia, Kew York. — Por- 
trait study, a Pastel. 

Haynes, C. Coventry, Kew York. — 
Portrait. 

Hart, Miss Letitia B., New York. — A 
New Book. 

Keith. Mrs. Dora "Wheeler, New York. — 
Daphne's Nymphs. 

Nicholls, J[rs. Ehoda Holmes, New 
York. — A Ycuetian Courtyard. 

Scott, Mrs. E. 31. New York.— Cherries. 

Sheple_y, Miss Annie B., New York. — 
Work and Play. 

Stone, Ellen ,J., New Y'ork. — Portrait. 

Vanderpool, JMrs. Emily K., Ne-\\- 
York, — Spirit of the XIX Century. 

Ames. Mrs. Sarah F., New York. — 
Busts of Lincoln and Grant. 

APPLIED ARTS EXHIBIT. 

Armstrong, Helen i\I. — Sketch for 
decoratiye panel ; cartoon for decorative 
panel,: thirteen reproductions of calendar 
designs; cartoon "The Aunuuciatiou " 
for stained glass; two cards of illustra- 
tions; one stained glass window, subject 
St. Paul; one sketch and cartoon for same; 
one glass panel. 

Armstrong, Margaret M. — Thirteen 
cards of book covers : six designs for book 
covers , two cards of initial letiers. 

Aspinwall, Miss 31. A. — Six designs 
for wall pajier and silks. 

Aspinwall, Jliss Eliza. — Six designs 
for wall paper and silks. 

Atwater, Edith. — Design for silver 
vase. 

Baxter, Miss Snra. — Silver decoration 
" Order of Columbus." 

Bessey, Jliss 3L--D. — Photograph of 
badge of national board of lady managers: 
IJhotograph of badge of New York State 
board of women managers. 

Blashtield, 3Irs. E. W.— Narcissus de- 
sign for mirror. 

Carter, j\Irs. Esther. — Flemish lace 
curtain (white); 3Iarie Antoinette sash 
curtain ; Marie Antoinette bow knots 
(wreaths) ; 3Iarie Antoinette basket design; 



Renaissance lace on net, sash curtain; Re- 
naissance lace door curtain (white); Yene- 
tian lace tea cloth; Yenetian lace doilies, 
two; Flemish lace doil}'; Venetian trim- 
mings for scarf. 

Century Co. — "The Journey" by 
Lam-a C. Hills ; ■ ■ House Cleaning " by 
Mary Hallock Foote ; "The Butterfly 
Hunter" by L. C. Hills; "The May Song" 
by L. C. Hills; "Up Spake the Eltin 
Cjueen" by Albertine R. "Wheelan; "The 
Boy's Cartoon " by Alice Barber Stephens; 
"Kittens at School" by Albertine R. 
Wheelan; "Little Knitter" by 3Iaria O. 
Noble; "Aunt Tabitha " by Maria O. 
Noble; ' • Old Lady of Antwerp " by Ma- 
ria O. Noble; "Bringing Water from the 
Spring" b}' Rose 31. Sprague; "Archi- 
bald Stone's Jlistake " by Rose M. 
Sprague; " Cherries are so Unwholesome" 
by Rose 31. Sprague; "Ali Top was 
Proud " by Albertine R. Wheelau: " Chief 
Bread Baker to the King " by Valentine 
Adams; " Going to the Fair" by Jessie 
3[cDermott Walcott; " L'nder the Won- 
derful Blue Sk}' " by Jessie 3IcDermott 
Walcott; "The Letter of Resignation" 
by 31. II. Foote; " 3Iaking the Patch- 
work" by 31. H. Foote; " ' Eat Your Sup- 
per,' said the Nurse " by 31. H. Foote; 
" Bertha's Debut " bj' Rose ^I. Sprague; 
"Ali Top's Heart Grew Sad" by A. R. 
Wheelan; "I'll Simply Wheel 3Ivself 
Around" by A. R. 3Vheelan; "The Idol" 
by A. R. ■\YheeIan- "Will 0' the Wisp" 
by A. R. 3Vheelan; " Greek Herd-boy" 
by A. R. Wheelan. 

Cox, 3Irs. Kenyon. — Suggestion for 
transom; suggestion for reredos; sugges- 
tion for stained glass. 

Crownlield, S. L.^ Design for wall 
paper (wild azaleas). 

Curtis, 31ay L. — China pitcher for lem- 
onade. (Study of lemons and blossoms.) 

Colgate. — Three fans, painted. 

Day, 3Irs. Henry.— Table cloth, Per- 
sian design, j-ellow; table cloth, Oriental 
design, yellow. 

Downer, 3Irs. Frederick. — Hand-made 
lace scarf, long and fine. 

Downer, 31iss Sophie W. — Linen table 
cloth spun in 18fl2, with specimen of flax 
used. 

Drivdahl, 3Iiss 3Iarie. — Gold embroi- 
dered white satin cushion. 

Dwight, 3Iiss 3Iinnie. — China, eleven 
pieces. 





.-^ 



SECTION OF THE EXHIBIT OF APPLIED ARTS. 



Kepoet of Board of Women Managees. 



193 



Eggleston, Allegra. — Study from Span- 
ish girl; poitrait sketch of mnn with man- 
dolin; t\vo portrait ski-tches, laughing 
children; portrait of Wasliington; por"- 
trait of Martha Custis; Columbus 'louse 
in Genoa; proof of above; streets in which 
Columbus lived; proof of above; figure 
illustration from life of Columbus; proof 
of above. 

Emerson, Mrs. S. H. — Normandy cop- 
per jug; brass jar with cover. 

Emmet, Lydia F. — Ten pictures, illus- 
trations, etc. ; design for seal New York 
board of women managers; two uuframed 
deagns. 

r'r3'. — China jardiniere and tray and six 
plates. 

Ferguson, E. Adele. — Two gold hairpin 
designs; two gold watch case designs; 
three silver opera glass holder designs; 
"two silver six-inch handle designs for 
paper cutters. 

Foote, Catherine. — Embroidered "Mer- 
maid." 

Frost, Helen. — Rose and chrysanthe- 
mum center piece, embroidered in white. 

Geeson. Jeau B. — Carved portfolio. 

Garborino, Clotilde. — Fish platter and 
^iwelve pl.-ites: six game ijlates. 

Gilchrist, Mrs. George. — Dinner set (six- 
teen pieces), embroidered (made for Mme. 
Patti). 

Gibson, S. Meta. — Table cover ; por- 
'tiere ; chair seat and back; tea cloth. 

Hall, Miss Frances P. — Tray dandelions; 
"tray daisies; pitcher, blue underglaze; 
rose jar with cover; bonbonniere with 
cover. 

Hampton, Mrs. Henry — Linen center 
piece, hone_ysuckles; linen center piece, 
fleur-de-lis; linen center piece, yellow 
Toses. 

Hasbrouck, Mary K. — Specimens of 
stamped leather. 

Hogau, Kate. — Piece braid lace, four 
Inches wide; piece braid lace, seven inches 
wide. 

Howell, C. E.— Wall paper. 

Huntingtin, Metelill. — Hammered brass 
mirroi frame. 

Huger^ Jliss K. M. — One water color 
"Autumn"; design for fireplace; panel 
•designs for cupids; fan design cupids; 
two water colors of tulips. 

Humphrey, Maud. — Design for wall 
paper and frieze. 

Higginson, Mrs. Geo. — Embroidered 
-altar piece "When Morning Stars Sang 
Together." 

Holdsworth, Mrs. Jane — One table 
•cover; two center pieces. 

Jo_yce, Lillian V. — Two frames of de- 
signs for watch cases, match boxes, 
€tc. 

Keith. Dora Wheeler. — Design for ceil- 
ing; four illustrations, framed. 

25 



Lamb, Mrs. Ella Condie. — Design for 
Christmas cover Harper's Young People; 
design for cover "Childhood;" design 
for fire place, Jlosaic Hospitality; design 
for decorative panel, history; design for 
Te Detim window; design for window. 
Madonna r.nd angels; cartoon for window, 
Madonna and angels; cartoon for Baker 
Memorial. 

Lamb. J. and R. — Frame with ecclesias- 
tical embroidery (embroidered by Mary 
D. Stephens and Aimee Lee Hudson); 
frame embroidered angel by !Mary D. 
Stephens. 

Marshall, Miss Lilly. — Eighteen pieces 
of brass work. 

Jlonachesi. !Mme. Nicola R. — Plate, 
conventional design; bonbon dish Avith 
cover conventional design, green. 

Morse, Miss Alice. — Four card book 
covers. Harper Bros.; two card hook 
covers, Scribner's; four card book covers, 
G. P. Putnam's Sons; book cover. Century 
Co. 

Nicholls, Rhoda Holmes, — Eight illus- 
trations, bathers, Venetian boats, rocks 
East Gloucester, girl sewing, study in 
sunUght, luending nets, Venetian water 
gate; water color "On the Beach"; piece 
of hand-made point lace. 

Osgood, Mrs. Worth. — Large vase with 
handle; standard for above. 

Peters, Mrs. Mary Austin. — Shore piece 
embroidered on satin; landscape em- 
broidered on satin. 

Petit, Julie. — Quilt and shams. 

Prescott, Katherine. — Ideal Italic, 
Faust and Marguerite. 

Preston, Jlrs. R. W. — Crochet counter- 
pane (brown thread); pillow covers. 

Parrish, Grace. — One brass frame. 

P_yle, Katherine. — Illustration " Not an 
Apple Left; " three pages " Clever Peter." 

Raymond, E. Launitz. — Twelve fish 
plates, raised gold work; case for above; 
box and cover, violet design; plate, pansy 
design; leaf plate; dish, forget-me-nots; 
biscuit jar, pansy design, with top. 

Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Leslie. — Altar piece; 
"When Morning Stars Sang Together." 

Redmond. Fried.a V. — Decorated panel, 
roses; samples of printed silks. 

Ryerson, Miss N. C. — Tapestry " Sum- 
mer; " tapestry, Florentine; tapestry, two 
knights tilting; tapestr3^ portiere, seven- 
teenth century; tapestry, portiere, six- 
teenth century. 

Satterlee, Miss Florence. — Copy of Fra 
Angelico's Angels, embroidered picture. 

Schroeder, Miss Emma. — Lace doily. 

Scott, Mrs. E. M. — Reproduction of 
roses; reproduction of petunias; original 
water-color, pinks; original water-color, 
luorning glories. 

Shekion, M. A. — One card; seven book 
covers. 



194 



Nkw Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Sherwood, Rosina Emmet. — Sixteen 
frames, water colors, pastels, etc., repro- 
ductions, illustrations, etc. 

Sprague, JMrs. Harriet E. — Tete-a-tete, 
Dresden china; traj'; sugar bowl; cream 
pitcher; tea]:)ot; four cups and four 
saucers. 

Stimers, Miss Julia. — One frame, speci- 
mens of lithography. 

Stephens, Alice Barber. — "Michael 
Angelo," black and white; " In the Meet- 
ing House." 

T. M.C. — Two landscapes, embroidered. 

Tieman, Miss Elsie C. — Carved stand 
for flower-pots. 

Tillinghast. — One design for glass 
window. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. — Por- 
tiere, silk velours; study, "magnolias;" 
study, "snowballs;" study, "water lil- 
lies; " study, "grapes; " three cartoons for 
glass; two cartoons adoring angels; twenty 
sketches for glass windows; three sketches 
by Agnes Northrup; seven sketches by 
Grace deLuze; seven sketches by Mrs. J. 
B. Weston; one sketch by Mary E. Mc- 
Dowell; one sketch by Lydia F. Emmet; 
one sketch by Mrs. W. P. Parish; three 
stations of the cross; two heads designed 
by L. F. Emmet; three glass lights mag- 
nolias, grapes and chrysanthemums; one 
glass light, women's glass cutting (thirty 
nine pieces in all). 

Troj' Women's Exchange. — Three 
squares, Mexican drawn work; twelve 
doihes. 

Upham, Miss. — Carved bellows. 

Vanderpoel, Mrs. E. N. — Carved box. 

Van Kuyck, Miss Pauline. — Photo- 
graph frame, repousse work. 

Van Rensselaer, Mrs. J. K. — Book 
cover. Girl's Life, eighty years old. 

Walker, Miss M.— Illustrations old 
English rhyme. 

Wells, Miss Annie. — Embroidered pic- 
ture Mater Dolorosa (property of St. An- 
drew's church). 

Wilmarth, C. B. — Lemonade pitcher 
and tra3^ 

Stokes, Caroline Phelps. — Two etch- 
ings; two pieces lace. 

GilHland. — Nine frames (two illustra- 
tions). 

Milhau, Zella. — One card (tAvo illustra- 
tions). 

Ferguson. — Six illustrations (one frame). 

Walker, .1. A. — '^.wo unframed water 
colors. 

COLONIAL LOAN EXHIBIT. 

Most of these exhibits were insUdled in 
the Government Building; the remainder 
in the New York St.ite Building. 

License of Peter Hawes to practice law 
from Mayor Varick. Lent by Gilbert R. 
Hawes. 



Cane used by Wasliington. Lent by 
Miss Jane Mead Welch. 

Miniature of Robert Seton, an old New 
York merchant; snufi box of Robert Se- 
ton; seal of Robert Seton. Lent by Mon- 
signor Seton. 
'Table cloth. Lent by Howland Pell. 

Silver tankard; silver sugar bowl; plate; 
pair of buckles; silver tankard; book; 
pair of buckles. Lent by Augustus Van 
Cortlandt. 

Fish knife used by George Washington; 
needle-book made by Mrs. Washington; 
ledger used b.y Laurence Washington in 
sctliing Washington's estate. Lent by J. 
P. Bradley. 

Engraved powder horn used , during 
Revolution. Lent by Mr. G. W. Van 
Sicleu. 

Sampler; five teaspoons. Lent by Mrs. 
J. L. Barney. 

Soldier's discharge, signed by AVashing- 
ton; negro bill of .sale. Lent by Dr. Al- 
bert Leflingwell. 

Snuff box used by Washington. Lent 
by Hon. Roger A. Pi-yoi-. 

Miniatui'e of Hamilton, by Peale. Lent 
by C. W. Bowen. 

Miniature of Col. Duer. Lent by Mrs. 
J. G, K. Duer. 

Souvenir handkerchief. Lent by Mrs. 
I. M. Cooke, 

Sniitf box made from wood of prison 
ship "Jersey." Lent by Mrs. Douglas 
Robinson. 

Portrait of Gov. George (Clinton, by 
Ames Lent by Alex. M. White. 

Colonial embroidery. Lent by Miss S. 
C. Hewitt. 

Pair of brown jean stays. Lent by Mrs. 
Magonigle. 

Silver cake basket belonging to Gen. 
Schuyler. Lent by Miss Georgiana 
Schuyler. 

New York almanack, 1770; colonial doll; 
freedom suit ; piece of wedding dress; 
boxwood ruler. Lent bj' Mrs. G. H. Van 
Wagner. 

Directory of 1786. Lent by T. J. Hal- 
lowell. 

Pass signed bj' Washington; general 
order of Washington. Lent by Mr. An- 
drew Kraus. 

Plan of New York in 172S. Lent by 
Mrs. C!. A Post. 

Miniature of Surgeon-Gen. Burnet. 
Lent by Jlrs. John Shaw. 

Coffee pot owned by President Monroe; 
milk pitcher owned by President Monroe; 
miniature of President Monroe. Lent by 
Mrs. Gouverneur. 

Pair of traveling pistols used by Gov. 
Morris. Lent by Mrs. Gouverneur Morris. 

Silver basket, in use since 1740; chair; 
silver salver. Lent by Mrs. A. Verplanck 
Clapp. 



Eepoet of Board of "Women Managers. 



195 



Old Dutch Silver buaker of 1683. Lent 
by ilrs. J. L. Sanders. 

jliniature of Gov. and Jlrs. Clinton; 
pewter plate from Franklin House. Lent 
by Mr. De Witt Clinton Jones. 

AVashington's complete camp service of 
pewter. Lent by Hon. A. S. Hewitt. 

Silver teapot; silver sugar liowl; silver 
piicher; belonged to Gen. Horatio Gates. 
Lent by Mrs. T. Newbold. 

View of New York harbor in IToO. 
Lent by Rev. C. F. Hoffman, D. D. 

Colonial silver ladle; colonial coin; 
pewter plate belonged to Washington. 
Lent by A. W. Drake. 

"Brass warming pan. Lent by Mrs. T. 
J. Thompson. 

Gold watch, given by Chief Justice Ja.y 
to Miss Livingston. Lent hy Mrs. W. A. 
Walker. 

Silver bowl with wooden handles, 
property of Gen. Schuyler; seal of Gen. 
Schuyler; seal of Gen. Hamilton; bill for 
fishing tackle, Gen. Schuyler's; camp 
service of Gen. Schuyler. Lent by Philiji 
Schuyler. 

Bayard punch bowl; old Flemish lace; 
three silver medals, Holland (commemor- 
ating American independence); Bayard 
deed of property, 1656. Lent by Gen. 
James Grant Wilson. 

Abigail Adams' dress and sta}'s. Lent 
by Mrs. J. J. Monell. 

Silver chocolate pot; pair of green glass 
spectacles. Lent by Gerrit Yates Lansing, 
Albany. 

' ■ Independence " pitcher. Lent by Mrs. 
Crissey. 

Portrait of Chancellor Livingston. Lent 
by Jlrs. Alfred Nelson. 

■'CUnton vases," presented to Gov. 
Clinton at the opening of the Erie canal; 
colonial doll; child's bureau. Lent by 
Mrs. .Janvier Le Due. 

Blue i^lates, colonial scenes; pitcher 
" Independence; " pin cushion of piece 
of ilrs. Washington's wedding dress; 
Holland sledge; rum demijohn; old view 
of Albany. Lent by Jlrs. .1. V. L. 
Pruyn. 

Silver tankard of Myer Myers, old New 
Y'ork goldsmith; Paul Revere brazier. 
Lent by Mrs. D. P. Appleton. 

Order and diploma of the Cincinnati — 
the onl}' ones shown — belonging to the 
Rev. Dr. Linn, chaplain of the first Con- 
gress. Lent Ijy Mrs. Dean Sage. 

MSS. sermon, 1728. Lent by Mrs. 
George Douglas Miller. 

Embroideri.'d wai.^teoat (embroidered by 
Marie Antoinette and Madame Campany, 
an 1 presented to citizen Genet); French 
mini itures belonging to Mrs. G. C. Genet. 
Lent b}' Mrs, Genet. 

Pitch pipe owned by Col. Chester, 
pink brocade christening blanket of the 



Chester family. Lent by Miss .Julia 
Chester Wells. 

Long rosewood frame mirror; large 
rosewood hall clock; large painting (De- 
borah Glen); large spinning wheel; spinnet 
j)iano (made b}^ Aster); large wooden 
clock; flax spinner; chair; painting, 
"Burning of Schenectady by the Indi- 
ans." Lent by Mrs. Sanders, Schcnec- 
lad}', N. Y. 

Chair. Lent by jNIrs. Sanders, Albanj', 
N. Y. 

Six chairs; worlc table. Lent by Mrs. 
Ten Eyck. 

Fire buckets; plates; tea pot. Lent Ijy 
Mr. Lansing. 

Old Van Rensselaer bronze cannon; 
three pieces of historic wampum made by 
New York Indians; gilded dove from first 
Dutch church of New L'trecht, I^ong 
Island; stone cannon used in the battle of 
Long Island. Lent by Mr. William Bay- 
ard Van Rensselaer. 

Holland Dutch Bible, 256 years old, used 
as pulpit bible in Reformed Dntch church 
of Flatbush, from 1660 until 1792. (Full 
description on inside cover of book.) 
Lent by Peter J. Neefus, Flatbush, Long 
Island. 

Roof tile from Nirasius de Sille house 
built New Utrecht, N. Y., 1657. In tliis 
house Gen. Nath'l Woodhull died in 
1776. Lent by Mrs. Townsend Van Pelt, 
Van Pelt Manor, N. Y. 

Dove made of wood gilded, used as 
decoration on sounding board of New 
Utrecht church, N. Y., in 1700. Lent by 
J. Nostrand. New Utrecht, N. Y. 

Silver cup, being part of first com- 
munion service used in Reformed Dutch 
church of Amersfoot, now Fiatliuds, 
Kings County N. Y., etched with fi;cures 
of Faith, Hope and Charity. Lent by 
Timothy I. Hubbard, Flatlands, N. Y. 

Sword won bj- Gen. Stillman in first 
naval engagement of War of tlie Revolu- 
tion. Lent bv Mrs. Wm. Aug. White, 
Brooklyn, N. "Y. 

Book " Young Man's Best Companion," 
printed by Benj. Franklin, 1748. Lent 
1)V Dr. L. A. AUeman, Brooklvn, N. 
Y. 

Silver tea set, tlu'ce pieces and cover 
for sugar bowl. 200 years old, original 
owner Elizabeth Lupton; white mull 
hand-embroidered cipe, 125 j-ears old. 
Jjcnt by Mrs. Alfred Becar, Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

Picture of first church erected at New 
Utrecht, 1700, used as hospital during 
Revolutionary War (water color); plate 
of canton blue, one of a dinner set used 
by Nicholas Borvenhoven, first judge of 
Kings Coimty, during a visit of Gen. Geo. 
Washington, prior to 1793. Lent by Mrs. 
.John F. Berry, Bensouhur.st, N. Y. 



196 



New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Patch box, ivory and gold, 150 years 
old. Lent by Miss H. H. White, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. 

Gold enamel snuff box, time of Louis 
XV. Lent by Miss Benson, Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

Green calach bonnet. Lent by Mrs. 
Niles Poulsou, Bay Ridge, N. Y. 

Pair of wool carders; pewter tureen, 
1740. Lent by Mrs. Isaac Howland, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Old s:nnpler made by Mary Corastock, 
early 1800. Lent by Mrs. Edmund Terry, 
Brooklyn. N. Y. 

Silver knee buckles worn by Nat'l 
Davis, Roxbury, Mass., 1787. Lent by 
Geo. Davis Terry, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Old ivory carved powder born etched 
with map of New York, colonial settle- 
ments and English coat of arms. Lent 
by Mrs. Otto Heinigke, Bay Ridge, N. Y. 

Pan used in 1783; Dutch poem, manu- 
script, written by CorneUa Krosen, 17o7; 
fine linen drawn work made in England: 
white lace veil worn in 1790. Lent bv 
Miss L. G. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y. 

Old Dutch testament and book of 
psalms; Am.sterdam, 1734, silver clasps 
(books of this kind were ustd by the 
colonial women and carried by them to 
church, hung by chains from their waists); 
bead bag, design of sheep, stream and 
castle ; sampler, 1791; New Y''ork paper 
currency, 1775. Lent by Mrs. R.^ L. Van 
Kleeck, Gravesend, N. Y. 

Cannon ball from battle of Long Island; 
foot stone, used by Elizabeth Durrea 
Backulow, 1760; New Y'ork Colonial 
cuireucy, ten dollars and five dollar bill 
signed by Livingston and Tucker; muster 
list of a company commande<.l by Capt. 
Lester, 1780, at Lloyd's Neck; permission 
for market craft proclamation bj' Gov. 
Howe, 1780; Lafa3'ette's recommendation 
for a colored body servant, 1784; copper 
warming pan, 1790; block of oak made 
from beam in old Middle Dutch church, 
1736. Lent by Mrs. S. B. Duryea, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. 

Fireplace tile from Bergen homestead, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., taken from house built 
in 1660; snuff box, ivoiy, lined with tor- 
toise shell, with gold enamel decorations, 
colonial. Lent by Mrs. Tuenis G. Ber- 
gen, Brooklyn, N. Y'. 

Silver traj', 1770, engraved by Smart of 
Boston. Lent bj' Iil£S. Gordon L. Ford, 
Brooklyn, N. Y." "^ 

Three pewter pitchers and mugs; one 
foot warmer (carved wood); one tile from 
Staats house; one patroon's certificate, 
1659 (framed); one pair hinged spectacles 
(tortoise shell rims); one iron case con- 
taining scissors, etc.; one pair of old 
Dutch scissors; one tobacco or snuff box 
(brass); one lamp for heating crimping 



irons (brass); one receptacle for hot water 
(.brass with wooden handle inside); one- 
certificate of citizenship by mayor of 
Albanj', 1766 (framed); one I'cceiDt of 
William Van Rensselaer, 1694 (framed); 
one oil painting. Fort Orange market 
(gilt frame); eleven engravings and etch- 
ings of old Albanjf; two pieces of colonial 
currency (on card); old Dutch bench (with, 
sheep and goats picture); one fragment of 
sermon and MSS., 1733; one silver tank- 
ard (Douw family). Lent by Geo. Doug- 
las Miller, Albany, N. Y. 

Colonial pictures ; tAventy-two brass and 
pewter articles. Lent bj' Miss Stokes. 

Chair. Lent by Charles Visscher Winne. 

Worsted satchel. Lent by Mrs. A. 
Vandcr Veer. 

Shoe made for Aaron Field. Lent by 
Mrs. L. C. Field. 

Picture "General Orders." Lent by 
Kilian Van Rensselaer. 

Crane. Lent by J. W. Thomas. 

Piece lace goods. Lent by Mrs. Alfred 
Secor. 

AFRO-AMERICAN EXHIBIT. 

Books Written by Colored Women of 
New York State. 

"Aunt Lindy." Mrs. W. E. Matthews. 
Illustrated by Miss M. L. Payue. 

"Sonnets." Miss H. Cordelia Ray. 

"Biography of Rev. Charles B. Ray."' 
Misses F. T. and H. H. Ray. 

Typewritten poems, " Tones and Under- 
tones." Miss M. R. Lj'ous. 

Handwork. 

Specimens of typewriting. Mrs. Chase, 
Miss Freeman, Miss Van Buren. 

Book Binding. 

"Plush autograph album." Miss C. 
Post. 

Sand 3fade Laces. 

Four samples crocheted lace. Miss 
Susan G. Weeks. 

Two samples crocheted lace. Mss 
Daisy Craig. 

One sample crocheted lace. Mrs. 
Lowry. 

One sample crocheted lace (silk). Miss 
C. Post. 

Two samples hair pin lace. Miss Flor- 
ence Spencer. 

One handkerchief (Duchess point). 
Mrs. Ferguson. Loaned by Mi-s. Carmand. 

One handkerchief (Honiton). Mrs. 
Laura Williams. 

Two scarf ends (Duchess point). Loaned 
by Miss J. I. Howard. 

Two crocheted neckties. Mrs. Garnet. 

One crocheted quilt. Mrs. A. W. Plato. 




SECTION OF THE EXHIBIT OF THE ASSOCIATED ARTISTS 



Report ot Boast> of Womex Managees. 



197 



Worsted Wui-k. 

One shoulder cape; one child's sack; 
one cloud (worsted and net). Miss C. 
Post. 

Dritwn ^Y»rk. 

One towel. Miss Florence Lewis. 
Three doilies. Mrs. C'lni-a Foote, 
Out handkerchief, iliss. A. Bailey. 
Two doilies. Miss Inez Treadwell. 

H.\ND P.uxTED Articles. 

One white .satin pin cushiiin. Miss 
Ellen Ford. 

One fan bag; one sachet bag. Miss 
Ella Spencer. 

Snfn Pillows. 

One red plush. Miss W. Hemsley. 
One black and yellow satin. Mrs. M. 
Moore. 

Baiiiicrii. 

One white satin (holly berries). Miss 
Nellie Ford. 

One crepe de chene (wild roses). Jliss 
E. Spencer. 

Phicqiiefi. 

One porcelain (pink.s); one iiorcelain 
(lilacs). Mi.ss E. Spencer. 

One china (wisteria). Mrs. A. Bicknell. 

Two bottles (wild roses, daisies). Miss 
H E Johnson. 

One tile (umbrella stand). Miss A, G. 
Little. 

Embkoideky. 

One towel (outUned). Mrs. A. Craig. 

One tray cover (violets). Mrs. G. 
Dennis. 

Two doilies. Mrs. Alinda Spencer. 

Two toilet stand mats. Mrs. Ferguson. 
Loaned by Miss J. L Howard. 

One five o clock tea table cover (maiden 
hair fern). Mrs. C. Foote. 

Ecclesiastical Embroidery Loaned by 
St. Philip's P. E. Ciiurcu, N. Y. City. 

One red brocaded silk super frontal ; 
one red brocaded silk chalice veil ; one red 
brocaded siik pulpit hanging ; one red 
brocaded silk burse (silk); one white bro- 
caded .silk chalice veil: one white brocaded 
silk burse. Embroidered bv the Altar 
Society of St Philip's P. E. Church. 

One white .satin pulpit hanging. Mrs. 
J. F. Thomas. 

Miscellaneous. 

One infant's dress. Miss Mary Mayo. 

One corn silk fan. Mrs. Morri.son — 
loaned by Mrs. Poindexter. 

One red .silk piano lamp shade, ilrs. D. 
Washington. 



One purple and white lamp shade, pa- 
per. Jliss Edith Ross 

One gilded macrame basket. Mrs. Fei'- 
guson. 

One tidy (ribbon and rings). Mrs. M. 
Moore. 

Two pastry forks. (The only pastry 
fork known at the Patent Office.) In- 
vented by Mrs. A. Mangin. 

Pictures. 

The Wood Gatherer (water color) ; A 
Summer Day (water color) ; Crossing the 
River (water color) ; ilarine Viev.' ; Pond 
Lilies ; Arbutus ; Tea Roses in Jar ; Cle- 
matis (on glass) ; Tulips (on chamois) ; 
Dog Wood (on satin). Miss Ella Spencer. 

Crayon portrait (Dr. J. Marion Simms). 
Mrs. L. E. Bargvet. 

The Stag (crayon); Horses at the Trough 
(crayon). Miss Ellen Nowell Ford. 

Landscape; A Marine View. Miss Alice 
G. Little. 

A Snow Storm ; The Stream ; The Rap- 
ids : Portrait (Mr. Kobert Purvis). Miss 
Bertha L.uttimore. 

Photographic Work ; Pictures, photo- 
graphed and retouched. Mrs. Clara S. 
Brown. 

Etruscan Work (transferring). Miss H. 
E. Johnson. 

Collection of Antiquities. 

Two china cups and covers ; three china 
cups and saucers ; three plates (china), 
(brought from Paris before 1800) ; one" 
china vase (1800); two brass hand screen 
stands (1820) ; one shawl, worn by Miss 
Margaret G. Gardner, in Bost<m, in 1811. 
Loaned by Miss J. I. Howard. 

Oneantique belt buckle (brilliants set in 
silver) .seventeenth century, brought from 
England to ^Maryland by a persecuted 
Catholic ; one cross (wood, nipped with 
gold, supposed to be a piece of the cross on 
which our Saviour was crucilied. brought 
from the Holy Land b}- a Catholic priest 
of JIarylaud) ; one bridal vcW worn by 
iliss Eliza Pearl in t81.) ; one shawl worn 
by Mrs. Anna Pearl, 1797 ; two bridal col- 
lars worn by Mi'S. M. Barnes in 1830. 
Loaned by Miss J. A. E. Wood. 

Piece of H. >I. S. Somerset, wrecked off 
Cape Cod November 3, 18T8. Loaned by 
Mrs. D. Washington. 

Silver cup presented to Mrs. Catherine 
Robinson in 18o2. She was .a professional 
nurse in the New York City Hospital. 
Loaned by Jliss J. L How.ird. 

Antique water cooler. Loaned by ilrs. 
H. Poindexter. 



198 New Yokk at tjik W<_)klu''s Columbian Exposition. 

NEW YOEK LOAN EXHIBITION OF EMBKOIDEEIES, MIN- 
IATURES, WATCHES, SNUFFBOXES, FANS AND LACES. 



COLLECTION OF EMBROIDERIES. 

Rustic socne, from the Sau Duiiato col- 
Ic'ctiou; large door friimu embroidery, 
Italian. Lent by Mr.s. A. 8. Hewitt, New 
Yorlv. 

Altar front, Louis XIII; altar front, 
Spani.sli, Loui.s XIV: white scarf; old 
table cover, Italian, Louis XIV; French 
embroidery, Louis XIV; altar cloth, line 
French jioint, Ijouis XV; table cloth, 
Louis XVI; altar cloth on cream ground. 
Old French, Louis XV. Lent by Mr. 
James A. G.irland, New York. 

Oriental embroidery, Salonika. Lent 
by Mrs. F. R. Jones, New York. 

Italian, Kith century; Italian, Kith cen- 
tury; three figures in frame, French, 17th 
century; arms of Castile and Leon, 16th 
century; knight with shield and spear, 
Portuguese, Kith century; church piece 
(three ang.ls), Italian, l.'ith century; 
chasuble, live full length and two half 
length figures, frum ,Sl. Donato collection; 
dalniati(|ue (one-half) square of gokl em- 
broidery with four shells in corners, 
Spanish, 10th century. Lent by Mrs. 
David L. Finstein, New York. 

Altarfront, Italian, ITthor 18th century; 
embroidery on moire edged with silver 
laec and nilt. Lent by Mr. Robert Hoe, 
New York. 

Persian shawl. Lent b}^ j\Irs. Henry 
G. Marcjuand, New York. 

Flight into Egypt, Old Frencli; Holy 
Family; St. Jerome, Florentine; St. 
Franeoise; Holy Family in appli(iue, 
Renaissance; St. John, Italian; Jloses and 
jMiriam, Italian; St. Eli/.abetli; The An- 
nuni'ialion; St. 15artholomew. Lent by 
Mrs. Uicliard M. Hunt, New York. 

Altar front, Italian, ITth century. Lent 
by Miss Chauler, New York. 

Royal arms of Spain, 17th century; 
three pieces of embroidery for a cope, 
Belgian, Kith centiuy; chair sent, design, 
crown and initial of N.ipoleou 1, embroi- 
dered by the Emin-ess, Jiarie Lcuuse. 
Lent by Mrs. J. V. L. Pruyn, Albany. 

Altai- front, Liniogea late 1 7th century. 
Lent liy Mrs. A. Cass Canfield, New 
York. 

Cope, probably Italian, 17th century; 
priest's vestment, probably Italian, 17th 
century. Lent by AUard & Co., New 
York, 

Chasuble, late ISth century. Lent by 
Mr. F. Hopkin.sou Smith, New York. 



Genoese embroidery (early ICtli cen 
tury), restored by Miss Seward. Lent by 
Miss Olive Risley Seward. 

Gilt embroidery with jewels, on crim- 
son satin, 17th century. Lent by Miss. 
Cooper, New York. 

Piece for skirt of dress, on white silk. 
Lent by Mrs. Eben AVright, New York. 

Old Spanish. 18th cenlviry. Lent by 
Mrs. A. M. Dodge, New York. 

Church piece, angels in adoration; 
churcli ]iiece, Adam and Eve. Lent by 
Sisters of St. Mary, New York. 

COLLECTION OF illNIATURES, 
WATCHES, SNUFFBOXES, FANS, 
ETC. 

Portr^ut of Charles II; portrait of 
Martha. Washington at sixteen years of 
age. Lent by JMrs. Westervelt, New 
York. 

Snntt'box, head of Charles II carved 
in oak; vratch, gold repousse. Lent by 
Mrs. Douglas Robinson, New York. 

Portrait of a lady; portrait of a lady; 
box, with miniature and turquoises. 
Lent by Mrs. Edwanl Adams, New York. 

Portrait of gentleman, 1830, gold and 
pearl frame; [lorlrait of L.a Comtesse De 
La Roehefontjiine, antique frame; por 
trait of lady; portrait of lady, blue head 
dress; portrait of lady, white gown; por 
trait of a lady, by Chapon, 1830. Lent 
by Mrs. D. L. Einstein, New York. 

Portrait of a lady, by James Holmes; 
portrait of a huly, by Brunet; portrait of 
a lady, by John Smart. Lent by Mrs. 
Morris K. Jesup, New York. 

Portrait of Alexis Eustaphieve; portrait 
of a lady, time, Marie Antoinette; portrait 
of gentleman, on porcelain; portrait of 
Ijouis Philipiie, on porcelain. Lent by 
Miss Eustaphieve, Buffalo. 

Box, tortoise sliell, ivory medallion on 
lid; box, with portraits on lid; snuffbox, 
enann'l; fan, c;irved sticks, gold decora- 
tion, Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. Jesse 
Sehgman, New York. 

Portrait of the Duchess of Castlemaine; 
etui, gold, inlaid; fan, Spanish, mourning, 
old. Lent by Mrs. A. M. Dodge, New 
York. 

Portrait of Lady Mary Wilbraham, 
Countess of Bedford, Lent by Black, 
Starr & Frost, New York. 

Watch, .silver repousse, enamel face; 
watch, gold, enamel back, tombstone; 



E.EPOET OF BoAED OF WoMEN MaNAGEES. 



199' 



fan, French. Lent by Mrs. F. HoiDkiu- 

sou Smith, New York. 

Piirtrail of Fitz Greene Halleck bj' Na- 
thauiel Hoo'crs; portrait of Hugh Walsh. 
Lent by ^Irs. W. L Andrews, ^ew York. 

Snuffbox, onyx, raised fruits in pre- 
cious stones; box, enameled on gold, 
subject on lid: "Going to the Chase," 
■\vatch, blue enamel baeU, ■•Cliildren at 
Play." Louis XVl watili. enamel out- 
side and inside of ease. Louis XIV; por- 
trait of OUver Cromwell; porlrait of 
Frances Dayrell, by Zincke; portrait of 
Trevor Hill, Esq., by Hillsborough; por- 
trait of gentleman, unknown; portrait 
of J3oswell, by Zincke; portrait of Eu- 
gene Beauharnais, b_v A. Carteret; 
watch, small, enamel back. Haunt Freres, 
ITth century; watch, jewelled back, 
Julien Le Koy. Louis XV; snuffbox, 
mosaic of stones from Saxon}', miniature 
on lid, snufl'box, gold chasing all over; 
snuffbox, enamel, Greek scenes; mosaic 
box. with musical instruments; snuffbox, 
enamel on lid, by Zincke; bonbon box, 
round, "Wedgewood on lid; jjorlrait of 
Prince Regent, bj- Keurj- Bone; portrait 
of Charles L by Sir John Rose; portrait 
of Henrietta Jlariti. Lent by Mr. E. J. 
Berwiud, Xew York. 

Portrait of Duchess Du Beriy; snuff 
box, Louis Xn'. snuffbox, empire: cor- 
onation box. snuffbox. Louis XIV; snuff 
box. Directoire. portrait of ladj'. by En 
gelhardt. Lent bj' Mr. John E. Par.sous. 
New York. 

Portrait, La Marquise do Pompadour, 
bj' Vastier, fan. very old. shell sticks, fan, 
ivorv sticks. Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. 
F. R. Halsey. New York. 

Jerrol watch, enameled, with Rhine 
stones; Bourquin watch, enameled scene, 
tombstone; watch, four dials on face, 
watch, enamel (Xapres! Le Roy watch, oc 
tagon enaniei , bracelet. Ca.ifornia nuggets 
Lent by Jlr \V H Aspinwall. New Votk 

Portrait of Malliws NicoU, o! Slratlord, 
Connecticut. Lent by Mrs Prescott Hail 
Builer. New Y'ork. 

Box tortoise shell, set in gold: etui, 
brass repousse, fan, shell sticks, carved 
and gill. .Louis XVI. Ian. carved ivory. 
Directoire. Cliiuese Jigures. Lent by Mrs. 
Ebeu Wrigl.t. New York 

Portrait ol Chevalier Bayard: [lorlrait 
of Empress Josephine, portrait of Marie 
Louise- portrait of NapuJeon 1. Lent by 
Mrs J V L Pruyn. Alb.my 

Portrait ol Eliz.ibelh Erving, wife of 
Governor James Bowdr.in. by JIalbonc- 
portrait of Hon. James Bowdoin, son of 
Govern ir James Bowdoin. by M.a.bone 
portrait of Elizabeth Bowdoin. daughter 
of Governor James Bowdoin. by Malbone. 
Lent by Mrs. George S. Bowdoin, New 
York. 



Box, gold, oval; box, gold chased, 
round: box, gold, oval; box, oblong, blue- 
enamel, miniature on lid; box, goid, 
round, box. gold, enamel on lid; small 
enamelled watch, shape of shell; gold- 
watch, raised figures under crystal, strikes 
hours; box, oblong, blue enamel, minia- 
ture on lid, pastoral subject; large gold 
watch, case of pierced gold, Wilson, 
maker; open-face gold watch, enamel 
hack, Berihond, maker; gold and enamel 
watch, two rows of pearls, Guece, maker; 
patch box, gold: chased gold watch, with 
chased silver face; repousse gold watch, 
Bietield, maker; unique enameled watch, 
in shape of harp; portrait, It:ilian, with 
hniall coat of arms. Lent by Mr. AVilliam. 
Hull AA'ickham, New York. 

Box. gold, figures in Vernis Martin ; box,, 
silver and yellow, niello. Louis XIV; box, 
tortoise shill, Louis XIV; bo.x. red ani 
gold, enamel (rare), George III; fruit 
knife, Louis XIV; etui, gold, Louis XIV-, 
etui, gold, Louis XVI; portrait of Dean 
Swift, by Craft; watch and chatelaine; 
watch and chatelaine. Lent b}' Miss 
Hewitt, New York. 

Portrait of Najioleon I when a child; 
Ian. \'ernis Martin; f;in, carved pearl and 
gold sticks. Lent by Mrs. Pierre Barlow, 
New York. 

Watch, antique, silver p.-iinted; watch, 
enamel; watch, gold, antique; Avatch, 
gold, watch, silver, with black diamonds; 
watch, painted; fan. presented to bride- 
of Alexander 1. of Russia; fan, Louis 

XV. fan (Nacre), Louis XV; fan (Nacre), 
Louis XIV. fan, ivory, Louis XV; fan,. 
i\'Oiy, Louis XV. Lent bj' Tiffany &. 
Co.. New York. 

Pendant, enameled on gold (lost art). 
Lent by Jlrs. William E. Dodge, Nevr 
York. 

Portrait of Louis Atterbury (married 
Catherine Boudinot), by Field. Lent by 
]SIrs H P Loomis, iS^ew York. 

Snuffbox, gold, with miniature; fan, 
ivoiy and gold sticks, satin leaf, Louis 

XVI. Lent by Mrs. Henry Clews, New 
York. 

Portrait of Mrs. Tickell, b}' Cosway: 
portrait of young lad}-, by Isabey: pair 
of rural landscapes, by Blavenberghe: 
box, goid. oval, green enamel; box, gold, 
oblong, octagonal, bleu du roi enamel; 
box. gold, miniature of Mme. de M.ante- 
non, Louis XIV; box, gold, obion.u', en- 
ameled picture on lid: box, gold, oblong, 
group, Frederick the Great and others in 
smoky to)iaz; box, goid, oval, chased, 
jiicture on cover. Louis XIV. box. oval, 
gold, blue enamel, with miniature of Mme. 
de Pompadour. Louis XV. box. iro.d. ob- 
long, carved on all sides with groujis of 
cujiids; portrait of a j'oung lady; portrait 
of Maria Foote, in pearl frame; portrait 



200 



K^EAV York at the World's Columbian Expositioit. 



of Duchess of Devousbire, in pciirl frame. 
Lent by Jlr. Peter Marie, New Yorlc. 

Portrait of lady, by Cosway; fan, 
painted, carved ivory sticks; fan, carved 
shell sticks. Lent by Mrs. Henry G. 
Marquand, Kew York. 

Snuffbox, inlaid, gold. Lent by Mr. 
O. Egerton Schmidt. New York. 

Portrait of Archibald Gracie, by Mal- 
bone. Lent by Mrs. James K. Gracie, 
New Y'ork. 

Portrait of Charles I and Henrietta 
Maria. Lent by Mrs. Henry Draper, New 
Y^ork. 

Fan, modern French. Lent b}- Mrs. J. 
Kennedy Tod. New York. 

Fan, Itahan leaf, Chinese sticks, Louis 
XYL Lent by Mrs. Marion Story, West- 
chester. 

Carved ivory fan; horn fan; horn fan; 
empire fan; mourning fan. Lent by Mrs. 
J. W. Pinehot, New York. 

Fan, old Chinese, silver filagree, enam- 
eled in colors. Lent by Mrs. F. R. Jones, 
NcAv York. 

Fan. painted, carved and gold sticks, 
belonged to Jlarie Antoinette; fun, carved 
ivory, tainted leaf, Louis XV. Lent by 
Mrs. W. D. Sloane, New York, 

Fan. Louis XI V. Lent by Miss Freling- 
huysen. New Y'ork. 

Fan, Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. H. 
Waller Webb. New Y'ork. 

Fan. fete ehanipetre, nacre stick, Louis 
XV. Lent by JIi's. Wysong. New Y'ork. 

F.-m, pastoral subject, Louis XV; fan 
Italian, lace painted sticks, middle 18tli 
century; fan, Italian, lace painted sticks, 
middle ISth century. Lent by 3Irs. 
Dwiglit Collier, New "Y'ork. 

Fan, carved ivory sticks, leaf lace, 
belonged to Empress Eugenie. Lent bj- 
Mr. John Wool Griswoid. Troy. 

Fan, Eastern carved ivory, ISth cen- 
tury Lent by Mrs. Richard Derby, New 
Y'ork. 

Fan, modern French; fan, les incroy- 
ables; fan, Vernis Martin; fan, ivory 
sticks, Louis XV; fan, Italian, marked 
E. AY. Lent by Mrs. W. Seward Webb. 
New York. 

Fan, Directoire, ivory sticks; fan, 
French, Chinese decoration; fan, Italian, 
pen and ink drawing, "Battle of the 
Amazons," 17th century; fan, pear and 
gold sticks; fan, carved ivory (Chinese), 
time of 1st Empire; Jan. French, Chinese 
decorations; fan, Trench, inlaid shell 
sticks; fan, Spanish, with spangles. 
Lent by Jlrs. R. M. Hunt, New Y'ork. 

LACIS OR DARNED NETTING. 

Insertion of yellow lacis, geometric 
pattern. Italian, about 1468-80; insertion 
of lacis (white), Italian, 1480 to 1500; 
table cover, darned netting, Italian, 1490- 



1500; lacis, geometric design, border of 
Genoa bobbin lace, Italian. 1500-10; 
squares of lacis and drawnwork, German, 
about loUO. Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, 
New Y'ork. 

Table cover, lacis in squares, Spanish, 
about 1500. Lent by Mrs. Frederick. 
Goodridge, New York. 

Chalice veil, ecru lacis. Lent by JIrs, 
Henry C. Howells, Flushing. Long Island. 

Lacis and reticella, Italian, l550-~0. 
Lent b}' Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston. New 
Y''ork. 

Lacis, Spanish, about 1500; lacis wi.h 
star design, Spanish, 1500; border with 
points Panama lacis. 1530. Lent by Sirs, 
Jose JIa. Munoz, New York. 

Scarf of lacis, Russian, about 1620. 
Lent bv Mrs Edward Crosby, New 
Y'ork. 

Table scarf, lacis, Italian Renaissance, 
about 1500. Lent by Miss Lueilla Allen, 
New Y'ork. 

Border of colored lacis, red and green, 
1420-30. Lent by Mrs. Newboid. New- 
York. 

PUNTO TIRATO CR DRAWNWORK, 

PUNTO TAGLIATO OR CUTWORK 

AND RETICELLA. 

White linen altar frontal drawnwork, 
Italian Renaissance design, from 1530-40: 
towel with reticella insertion and border. 
Italian, from 1550-60; bit of puuto tag- 
liato or cutwork. Spanish, from 1530-40. 
Lent bv Mrs. James W- Pinehot, New 
York. 

Bit of ]iunto tirato and reticel»a. Ita.ian, 
with border of pillow lace, 1450-80 in- 
sertion of punto tirato and reticeLa, Ital- 
ian, from 1450-80. Lent by Mrs. Fred- 
erick Goodridge, New York. 

Table scarf. ver>- fine reticella squares, 
Italian, about 1500. Lent by Mrs. Aies- 
ander Van Nest. New York. 

Puntt) tirato and reticella, Italian, 1450. 
Lent by 3Irs. Lathrop, New York. 

Border of linen cutwork. piiiow lace 
edge. Italian, from 1530-40, square of 
linen drawnwork and cutwoilv. Italian, 
about 1630. tabic cover, reticella scjuares 
and embroidery. Italian, from 1560-80: 
small square of linen cutwork, with punto 
a gvoppo, from 1540-60 square of cut- 
work, Spanish. 1680- 1700; towe. ends, 
woven red si :k, German. 1480-1500 border 
in red silk on linen. Sicily, 1380-1400. in- 
sertion red silk on linen design. Italian, 
1480-1500. Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, 
New York. 

Border of linen punto tagliato, Italian, 
1500: chalice veil of reticella, Itadan. 
aboiit 1560. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman 
Johnston. New York. 

Square of reticella and embroidery, 
Italian, 1590-1600; bit of punto tirato. 



Rei'oet of Boaed of Women Managers. 



201 



Italian, 1500. Leut by Mrs. NewboM, 
New York. 

Boi'der of piinto tirato, witli yellow silk 
design of animals darned in with linen 
thread, from Greek islands, 1500. Ijent bj' 
Mrs. Frederie R. Jones, New York. 

Two pieces of Russian pillow lace, about 
. 1780-1800. Lent by Mrs. Arthur Mur- 
ray Dodge, New York. 

Two towel ends, drawnwork, with col- 
ored silk, Russian, about 1650. Lent bj' 
Mrs. Edward Crosby, New York. 

North Italy. 

Bit of lace with rounded points, pillow- 
tnade, Genoa. 1580-90; insertion pillow 
lace, Italian, 1600-10. Lent by Mrs. Wil- 
liam Iselin, New York. 

Bit of niacrame, Genoa, 1660-90. Lent 
by Mrs, John Jliuturn, New York. 

Needle-point, with pointed edge, very 
perfect, north Italy, 1630-40; collar, 
needle-point, Genoa, about 1600-70. Lent 
hy Jlrs. James Pincbot, Ncav York. 

Bertha, Genoa needle-point, 1530-50. 
Lent by Mr. William H. Aspinwall, New 
York. ■ 

Collar, very fine Genoa needle-point, 
1580; narrow border of punto in aria, 
1530; small square cutwork, Greek, 1480; 
little cover with Genoa pillow lace, 1580- 
1600; bertha, reticella solcil, 1520. Lent 
bj' ]\Irs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. 

Yard of udine lace, about 1600. Lent 
by Mrs. Arthur Murray Dodge, New 
York. 

Bit of so-culled Raphael lace udine, 
■about 1050. Lent by Mrs. Frederick 
Goodridgc, New York. 

Bertha, flat-point, with border of Gothic 
needle-point, Genoa, 1580. Lent by Mrs. 
John V. L. Pruyn, Albany. 

Linen square, with pillow lace, Genoa, 
1580-1600; linen squai'e, reticella and 
punto in aria insertion, Italian, 1530; bit 
ot punto in aria, .1530 -50; reticella square, 
Italian, 1660-80; one piece of north Ital- 
ian needle-point pimto in aria, 1530-50. 
Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New York, 

Tape lace, curious and rare, north Italy, 
17th century. Lent by Mrs. H. Eugene 
Coe, New York. 

Venice Plat Point. 

Small altar frontal, A. D. 1660-80. 
Lent by Jlrs. J. West Roosevelt, New 
York. 

One collar, flat point, A. D. 1680-1700; 
cap, flat point, A. D. 1680-1700. Lent 
by .Airs, Derby, New York. 

Punto a vermicelli, 1680. Lent by Miss 
Furniss, New York. 

Flounce, flat point, 1780. Lent by Mrs. 
Morgan, New York. 

2G 



Two cutis and a yard of flat point, 1650. 
Lent by Mrs. Theodore Gibbs, New York. 



Venice Reliefs. 

Cape of high relief, 1680-90; cape of 
low relief, Decjidence, 1700; one-half yard 
high relief, 1610. Leut by Mrs, P. T. 
Barlow, New York. 

Front of priest robe, with chalice; two 
yards of lace, about 1580. Lent by Mrs. 
brexel. New York. 

Collar, in high relief, 1680, Lent by 
Miss Wilkinson, Buffalo. 

One deeji flounce, in perfect order, high 
relief, about 1080. Lent by Mrs. R. W. 
de Forest, New York. 

Venice Rose Points. 

Flounce, with a continuous design 
which never I'epeats itself, very fine, 
1700-20, Lent by Mrs, Bayard Cutting, 
New York, 

Three iiieces of very fine rose point 
design, Louis XIV, beautiful specimen; 
collar, rose point, later period. Lent by 
Mrs. Theodore Gibbs, New York. 

Bertha., rose point, 1650-70, Leut by 
Mrs. R. H. Derby, New York. 

Collar and lace of rose point, 1650-60. 
Lent by Mrs. Henri Brauu, New York. 

Plastron, French design, rose point, 
1690; collar, French design, rose point, 
1685; collar, French design, rose point, 
1685; collar, Venetian ro^e point, 1680. 
Lent b}' Mrs, J. Boorman Johnston, New 
York. 

Point de Milan. 

Flounce a reseau Milan, 1650-70, said 
to have belonged to Doge Andi'ea Doria. 
Lent by Mrs. Frederick Goodridge, New 
York. 

Flounce, Renaissance design, reseau 
Mil.'in, 1650-60. Lent by Mrs. Pinchot, 
New York. 

Flounce, reseau Milan design, in sec- 
tions; Renaissance vine pattern, in 
bouquets, beginning of the bow-knot era, 
Louis XIV, 1680-90. Lent by Mrs. J. 
West Roosevelt, New York. 

Flounce, reseau Milan, Renaissance de- 
sign. 1580. Lent by j\Irs. d'Oremieulx, 
New Yoi-k. 

Flounce, reseau Milan, scrolls and birds, 
1600, Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New 
York. 

Flounce, reseau I\[ilan, IGOO. Lent by 
Mrs. Jolni V. L. Pruyn. Albany. 

Bertha, guipure de Jlilan, 1660. Lent 
by Mrs. John Minturn, New York. 

Bit of guipure de Milan, very fine, 
with edging of Flemish lace, 1660. Lent 
by Mrs.'F.'E. Cbadwick, Washington. 

Flounce of Fiume lace. Lent by Mrs. 
Theodore Gibbs, New York. 



202 



New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Collection of small examples of lace. 
Lent by Miss Eleanor Hewitt, New 
York. 

BUKANO (an island NEAR VeNICE). 

Flounce. Lonis XV design, said to have 
belonged to the patrician Venier family 
of Venice, of whom one was Doge, about 
1500; two pieces of narrow lace. Lent 
by Mrs. Dwight Collier, New Yorlv. 

Two breteJles or sleeve trimmings, 
Louis XV design, about 1750. Lent by 
Mrs. Bavard Cutting', New York. 

Half yard Louis" XVI design, 1780. 
Lent by Mrs. d'Oremiculx. New York. 

Tliree pieces, about 1760. Lent by 
Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. 

Louis XV design, 1740-60. Lent by 
Mrs. A. M, DodgeT New York. 

Louis XVI design, 1780-90. Lent by 
Mrs. P. M. Brysou, New York. 

Point de France. 

Deep flounce of six yards of Argentan, 
ordered bj' Louis XVI for Marie Antoin 
ette, exquisite specimen, about 1770-80. 
Lent by Mrs. Vanderbilt, New York 

Flounce, ^\■ith Alencon fond, Louis 
XVI, about 1780. Lent by Mrs. J. Pier- 
pont Morgan, New York, 

Lace initials of Empress Marie Louise 
and imperial bees; Alencon fond, with 
Empire design. Lent by Miss Pierpont 
Morgan. New York. 

Barbe, Alencon, with Empire design, 
jabot of narrow Alencon. Lent by Mrs 
J. C. Green, New Yorli. 

Cap with ruffle, Argentan fond, design 
Louis XV, l'^65-75. Lent by Mrs. New- 
bold. New York. 

Lace, design Louis XIV, 1700. Lent 
by Mrs. William Iselin. New York. 

Lace, with Empire design. Lent by 
Mrs. R. W. de Forest, New York. 

Barbe, Argentan. Lent by Mrs. Jose 
Ma. Munoz, New York. 

Lace. Alencon fond. Empire design; 
three j'ards Alencon, Louis XIV, 1700; 
one yard Argentan, Louis XV. 1760; 
barbe, Alencon, 1700; barbe, Alencon, 
1780; one and a half Alencon, Louis XVI 
design. Lent bj' Mrs. J. Boorman John- 
ston, New York. 

Floimce, Louis XIV design; reseau ir- 
regulier de Milan, 1680-15H)0; barbe, Louis 
XV design; reseau Milan, very fine, 1750- 
60. Lent by Mrs. Newbold Morris, New 
York. 

Lace au vrai reseau, design Louis XIV, 
1690-1700. Lent by Mrs. John Minturn, 
New York. 

Collar, and bride's picotees, 1700-20. 
Lent by Mrs. J. West Roosevelt, New 
York. 



One cape, flat-point, with scattered re- 
liefs, design Louis XV. Lent by Mrs. 
John V L Pruyu, Albany. 

Flounce, three yards and three fourths, 
by twenty-six inches deep, reseau Milan 
and bride's design, Louis XIV, 1660, a 
bertha, eight and one halt yards. Lent 
through Mrs. Niles. Santa Barbara, Ca!. 

B.irbe, Argentan, IGbO bertha, point 
de Sedan, 1680. Lent by Mrs. J. Boormaa 
Johnston, New York. 

Plastron, point flat de France, 1670. 
Lent by Mrs. Newbold, New York, 

Guipures de Flandres. 

Flounce, Flemish au reseau, design, 
early Baroque. lliSO. Lent by Mrs. Bay- 
ard Cutting. New York. 

Cape, Fiemish guipure, 1700-10; Louis 
XIV design, from 1700-10, Lent by 
Mrs. il Oremiculx, New York. 

Flounce, Fiemish a reseau Milan, de- 
sign Louis XIV, 1690-1700; lace, nar- 
rower, early Louis XIV. guipure de 
Fiandres, and bride's picotees. Lent by 
Mrs Bird. New York. 

Flounce, Brabant, and bride's picotees, 
tivo patterns, first, 1780, second, 1700. 
Lent b}' Mrs. Newbold Morris, New 
York. 

Three yards lace, Flandres a reseau 
Milan, Louis XIV^ design, about 1670. 
Lent by Miss M. Louise Wilkinson, 
Buffalo. 

Three yards, twelve inches, by eight 
inches wide, guipure de Flandres, about 
1710 Lent tbrough Mrs. M. G. R. Niles, 
Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Amekica. 

Drawnworlc, unfinished, with lace 
stiohes. worked by Susannah, wife of 
Colonel Vaughn, who learned in England 
about 1730. Lent by Miss Juha Weils, 
New York. 

Handkerchief of drawnwork, made by 
Eiizaoeth Bleecker. wife of Peter Brinker- 
hoff, of Albany, New York, born 1777. 
Lent by Mrs. F. E, Chadwick, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

Crewe! work, done by Mrs. M. K. Hop- 
pin, 1805. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman 
Johnston, New York. 

White net veil, embroidered by hand, 
with lace stitches, by Miss Delamater, in. 
New York, about 1820. Lent by Mrs. 
Charles Chandler, Philadelphia. 

Embroidered dvess. unfinished, worked 
by Mrs. Wolcott Gibbs, 1816; white heart- 
shaped reticule, witli pink satin bag, em- 
broidered with ribbon woi'k, worked by 
Mrs. Wolcott Gibbs, 1816. Lent by her 
daughter, Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New York. 

Linen sampler, worked in blue silk by 
Miss Sarah Gibbs iu 1750, daughter of 



Report of Boaed of Women Manageeb. 



203 



George Gibbs, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
and aunt of ex Governor Wm. Channing 
Gibbs, of Rhode Island. Lent b}- her 
great granduiece Miss Emily Tuckeiman, 
"Washington, D. C. 

Sampler, worked by Elizabeth Elmen- 
dorf. 1760. Lent by her great grandniece 
Mrs George Waddington. New York. 

Haaiikercbief, Mexican drawnwork. 
Lent by Mrs. James Piucbot. New York. 

Biblical sampler; two Jlexican samplers 
of embroidery and drawnwork. Lent by 
Mrs. Sampson, New Y'ork. 

Br.\b.\xt and Flaxdeks. 

Barbe, Louis XIV, Brabant, 1690-1700; 
two sleeve pieces au vrai reseau. Louis 
XIV design. Brabant, 1680-1700. Lent 
by Jlrs. P. M. Bryson, New Y'ork. 

Cap. a fond de neige, Brabant, 1650-60; 
barbe. Louis XIV. au vrai reseau, 1680- 
90, barbe, Brabant. 1680; one halt barbe, 
facoQ Angleterre, 1690 Lent by Mrs. 
Jose Ma. Munoz. New York. 

Frill of lace around cap. Brabant. Mech- 
lin a fond dc neige. 1730-40. one and one- 
half yards. Brabant a fond double. 1740- 
50. Lent bv ^Irs. P. S. Barlow, New 
York. 

Lace, needle point, very fine, Brabant, 
Louis XIV. 1680; lace, Brabant, au reseau; 
Iflce. Flanders, facon Angleterre. 1740. 
Lent bv Mrs. Arthur Murray Dodge, New 
York " 

Ccllarette, Louis XIV, Brabant, 1700. 
Lent by Mss M. Louise Wilkinson, 
Buffalo 

Barbe. facon Angleterre, Flanders, 1700- 
20; barbe. guipure de Flandres. 1750-60; 
Valenciennes, i.r Beuche a fond de neige, 
early Louis XiV design. 1680 to 1700. 
Lent by Mrs. d'Oreraieu.x. New Y'ork. 

Lace. Brabant, 1700. Lent by Mrs. 
Theodore K Gibbs, New Y'ork- 

Barbe, facon Angleterre, Flanders, 
1690. Lent by 'Mis. Charies Chandler, 
Philadelphia. 

Yard ot Beuche. Lent by Mrs. Loyall 
Farnigut. New York. 

Barbe. Brabant. 1680. Lent by Mrs. J. 
Boorman Johnston, New Y'ork. 

Collar, Watteau design; pillow lace, 
late ISth century. Lent by Mrs. John C. 
Green. New Yoik. 

Spanish Blondes. 

Black mantil'a, pillow made, au vrai 
reseau. Spauisb. ISOO. scarf, black, Em 
pirc design, hand darned. Lent by Mrs. 
F. Hopkinson Smitb, New York 

Spanish scarf, black, au vrai resejiu, 
1810 black foud de Mantiiie. design birds, 
au vrai reseau. Bayeux. 1770 Lent b.y 
Mrs. Arthur ^luiTav Dodge. New York. 

Black S]ianisli mantilla. a\i vr.ii reseau, 
about 1780-90; black Spanish scarf, Em- 



pire design. Lent by Mrs. Jose Ma. 
Munoz, New Y'ork. 

Black Spanish scarf, beautiful JloorisU 
design, au vrai reseau; mantilla, black 
Spanish, au vrai reseau, 1780; two bits of 
narrow lace, silk and thread. Lent by 
Mrs. Theodore K. Gibbs. New York. 

Eight yards of black thread lace, Chan- 
tillv. Lent by Mrs. Henri Braun, New 
Y'ork. 

Lace, black, with trees. Empire style. 
Lent by Miss A. V. R. Ogden, New Y'ork. 

Bertha, white and silver. Spanish, 1770- 
80, flounce, white, Spanish blonde, with 
gold threads. 17.50-60. Lent by Mr John 
Bensusan, New Y'ork. 

White blonde veil, Louis XV design, 
1765-70. Lent by Mrs. Eben Wright, 
New Y'ork. 

One white Spanish blonde scarf, aux 
lirides, very curious, 1780. Lent bj' Miss 
Louise Wilkinson, Buffalo. 



Mechlin and Valenciennes, Lille 
and tonderk. 

^Mechlin, about 1700. Lent by Mrs. 
Bird. New Y'ork. 

Mechlin, design Louis XIV. 1700: Bra- 
bant au reseau design with flowers in 
pots, about 1690. Lent by Mrs. Eben 
Wright, New York. 

Mechlin. Louis XIV, 1690-1700; one- 
half barbe guipure de Malmes, 1740-50. 
Lent by Mrs d'Oreraieulx. New York. 

Mechlin, about 1790. Lent by Miss 
Julia Wells. New Y'ork. 

Mechlin, about 1750 Lent by Mrs. P. 
M. Brvson. New Y'ork. 

Mechlin, 1730-40: Jlechlin, 1730-40; 
Mechlin. Louis XV design. Lent by Mrs. 
Wm. Iseiin. New Y'ork. 

Mechlin, design peacocks. 1700-30. 
Lent by Mrs. John Miuturn. New Y'ork. 

Mecmin, rarrjw. 1700; broader. 1750. 
Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New 
York 

Mechlin, rose design. 1800; MechEn, 
Greek border. 1810. Jlechlin. flower scene, 
iSOO. Lent by Mrs A. V. R Ogden. 

Mechlin flower design. 1800 Lent by 
iirs George Robbins, New York 

Mechlin, worn on a bride's dress in 
1816. Lent by Miss Mary White, New 
York. 

Floimce of Mechlin, 1790-1800; narrow 
lace to match. 

Lille Lace. 

Lille lace, about 1730. Lent by Mrs. 
Frederic R Jones. New York. 

Lace, Lille, about 1730; lace, Lille, 
about 1730. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman 
Johnston, New York. 

Lace. Lille a bouquets, 1710-80. Lent 
by Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New York. 



204 



New York at thk World's Columbian Exposition. 



TONDERN Laces. 

ScJilfsicig-Uolstein, Denmark. 

Tondorn lace, 1760. Lent l)y Mrs. 



J. 



Boiirmun Johnston, Now Voi'U 

Tonderu lace of I'au.sse V.'iU^iiC'ienncs, 
1680. Lent by Mrs. d'Oruniiuui.v, New 
York. 

Tondem laee, 1740-50. Lent by Mrs. 
P. M Bryson, New York. 

'I'ondern lace, 1750-60. Lent l)y Mrs. 
P. S. Barlow, New York. 

Valenciennes. 
Flounce of Valencienne, Louis XIV de- 



sign, rai-e and beautiful specimen, 1680, 
Lent by Mrs. William Kent, New York. 

Early Vaiencienue, Louis XIV, 1680- 
1700. Lent by Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New 
York. 

Barbe, old Valencienne, 1700-10. Lent 
l)y Mrs .lose Ma, Munoz, New York. 

'Oiil Valencienne, 1680. Lent by Mrs. 
Bayard Cutting, New York. 

Barbe, old Valencienne, 1650. lacej 
Louis XVI design, 1785; lace, 1670. Lent 
by Mrs. J. Boorman .Johnston, New York 

Lace, Louis XVI design. Lent by Mrs. 
Latliroi>, PlusUing 

Handkerchief and Valeneieune, 1800, 




EXHIBIT OF STATISTICS. 
(In winged frames.) 



Report of Board of Women Managers. 



205 



CATALOGUE OF WOMEN AUTHORS, NATIVES OR RESI- 
DENTS OF NEW YORK STATE. 

WITH NUMBER OF VOLUMES HY EACH IN THE I-IHKAKY OF THE 
woman's mill.IHNG. 



Aflams, Mrs. Ann Clark. 1 vol. 

Adams. ,Mr.s. Elizalieth L. (Steele); nat. 
and Steele, Mr.s. F JI. 1 vol. 

Aditnis, Mrs Mary Mathews (Barnes). 
1 vol 

Aldcn, Mrs Isabella (Maedonalil), /«. 
Pan.sy 1841 nat. 50 vols. 

Aldcp. Mrs. Isabella, and Foster, Mrs. 
Thcodosia M.. yw. Faye Huntington. 'Z 
vcis. 

Aiden, Mrs. Isabella, and Livingston, 
Mrs. C. M. 4 vol.s. 

Aldrieh. Anne Reeve. 1866-92; uat. 3 
vols 

Alice, Cousin, ps see Haven, Mrs. Aliee 
(Bra,dley) Neal. 

Allen Mrs Elizabeth (Chase) Akers, ;;.v. 
Florence Percy, 1882. res. .j vols. 

Allison, .Toy, /)s see Cragin, Jlrs. M. A. 

Alt, Florence Alay. 1 vol. 

Ames. Mrs Klleii Mtiria (Easterbrooks), 
ps Ele.mor Kirk res. 8 vols., ed. 3 vols. 

Ames. .Mrs. Fannie \i. 2 vols. 

Ames Mrs Mary (Ciernmer) Hud.son, 
1839-84 nat. 7 vols, ■ ed. 2 vols. 

Aadrews. Jessie Agnes 1 vol. 

Andrews, Julia 1 vol 

Anthony. Susan Browned, 1820; res.. 
Stanton. 5lrs Eli/.abctli (Cadyi, and Gage, 
Mrs Ma'i.da i.los.ynl 2 vols. 

Ari'hibald, Mrs. George, ps. see Palmer, 
Mrs Anna (Campbell). 

Arcy. Mrs H. E G. 1 vol. 

Avery, Adeline B. , and Finch, Julie E. 
1 vol 

Ayres, Aime. 1 vol. 

Babeock, Mi's. Emma Whiteomb; res. 
1 vo.. 

Bacon, Fanny Elizabeth, 1836-81; res. 
1 vol. 

Bacon, Mrs. Su.san(Sloane) Gillette; res. 
and Si one, \V. E. 1 vol. 

Baker, Bc'attie. 1 vol. 

Baker, Mrs. H. N. W., ps. MadeUne 
Leslie. 1 vol. 

Btdch. Elizabeth; nat. 4 vols. 

Baldwin, Mrs. S. L. 1 vol. 

Baleslier. Josephine. 1vol. 

Ballon, Emma L. ; nut. 1 vol. 

Balinano, Jlrs. Mary. 1 vol. 

Bangs, Mrs. Charlotte K. (Woglom); 
nat 1 vol. 

Barber, Alice Amelia. 1 vol. 



Barnes, Charlotte Mary Sanford, d. 
1863; res. 1 vol. 

Barnes, Mrs. Francis J. 1 vol. 

Barnes, Mrs. jMary Downing (Sheldon), 
1850; nat., and Barnes, Earle. 6 vols. 

B;irr, Mrs Amelia Edilh (Iluddleslon), 
1831; res. 27 vols. 

Barr, Lillie Eliza; res. 1 vol. 

Barrett, Jlary C. 1 vol. 

Barrow, Mrs Frances Elizabeth (Mease), 
y/». Aunt Fanny, 1822; res. 28 vols. 

Barrow, Mrs. Frances E., and Holly. 
Mrs. S. C. (Barrow). 12 vols. 

Barton, Mrs. Parthena Rood; res. 1 vol. 

Bates, Charlotle Fiske, 1838-90; nat. 1 
vol.; ed. 3 vols. 

Baum, Rosemary. 1 vol. 

Ba.xter, Lydia, 1809-74: nat. 3 vols. 

Ba_ylor, Frances Courti'iiay. 3 vols. 

Bciich, Elizabelh T Porter. 1 vol. 

Beard, Luin. and Beard, A. B. 1 vol. 

Beebe, Mrs. Carrie (Decker); nat. 1 vol. 

Be(d)c, Emma N. 2 vols. 

Beech, Be.ssie, ]i.i. sec Lincoln, Mrs. 
Martha D. 

Beecher, Catherine Esther, 1800-78; 
nat, 27 vols. 

Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White (BuUard), 
1812. f) vols. 

Beecher. Mrs. Henry Ward, see Beecher, 
Mrs. Eunice White (BuUard). 

Beecher, Mary L(juis(.-, //.i. see Bingham, 
Jennie j\Iarie. 

Beers, Mrs. Faimie A. 1 vol. 

Bellamy, Mrs. Blanche (Wilder); res.; 
and (joodwin, j\Irs. Maud (Wilder). Ed. 1 
veil. 

Beile, Clara, /«. see Thomp.son, Mrs. 
William. 

Ben, Uncle, ;ai. see While, Mrs. Rlioda 
Elizabeth (Waterman). 

Benedict. Anne Keudrick. 1 vol. 

Benedict, E. L. 1 vol. 

Benjamin. Jlrs. Fanny Nichols. 1 vol. 

Ben'ncit, Mrs. S. K. I. 1 vol. 

Benton, Mrs. Caroline C. 1 \i)\. 

Berard, Augusta Blanche, 1834; nat. 3 
vols.; ed. ] vol. 

Berkley, Helen, //.«. see Ritchie, Mrs. 
Anna Cora (Ogden) Mowatt. 

Berneike, Mrs. Marion L. (Rice), M. D.; 
nat 1 vol. 

Berry, Mrs. M. Eugenia. 2 vols. 



206 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



. 2 vols. 
Eliza (Schuyler), 

Adeline Ac'new. 



Aunt 



Berthold, Ernst, ps. see Robinson, Mrs. 
Therese Albertine Louise (von Jakob). 
Bethune, Mrs. Joanna (Graham), 1770. 

3 vols ; ed. 1 vol. 

Bigelow, Grace; nat. 1 vol. 

Bigelow, Mrs. Marion A. ; nat. 3 vols. 

Bigx'low, Mrs. Mary Frances (Ashley) ; 
res. 1 vol. 

Bigelow, Mrs. Poultney. 3 vols. 

Bingham. Jennie Marie, -ps. Mary 
Louise Beecher. 3 vols. 

Bishop, Mrs. Emily M. 1 vol. 

Bisland, Elizabeth. 1 vol. 

Bissell, Mrs. Mary Barton (Taylor), M 
D. ; nat. 3 vols. 

Bissell, Mary L, ; res. 4 vols. 

Blackwell, Mrs. Antoinette Louisa 
(Brown), 1825 ; nat. 5 vols. 

Blackwell, Elizabeth, M. D. ; res. 

4 vols. ; and Blackwell, Emily, 1 vol. 
Blake, Mrs E. Vale ; res. 4 vols. 
Blake, Mrs. Lillie (Devereux) Umsted, 

JK. ^sop, Essex, Tiger 1a\j, 1835 ; res. 
7 vols. 

Blancbard, Amy Ella 

Bleecker, Mrs. Anne 
1752-83 ; nat. 2 vols. 

Blennerhassett, Mrs 

2 vols. 
Blinn, Mrs. Frances Gray, x>^- 

Yewrownckie. 1 vol. 

Bloede, Gertrude, ps. Stuart Sterne ; 
res. 6 vols. 

Bloomer, Amelia. Ed. 1 vol. 

Bloomfield, Julia K. 3 vols. 

Bly, Nellie, ps. see Cochrane, EUzabeth. 

Bogart, Elizabeth, ps. Estelle, 1806; 
nat. 20 vols. 

Boies. Lura Anna, 1835-59. 1 vol. 

Bonney, Mrs. Cathariua Visscher (Van 
Rensselaer), 1816-91. 1 vol. 

Booth, Mary Louise, 1831-89 ; nat. 
4 vols : tr. 19 vols 

Booth, Mrs. Maud B. 1 vol, 

Bostwick, Celeste Parmelee, 1 vol. 

Bostwick, Mrs, Lucy (Watson), ^s. Mar- 
gery Daw, 1880 ; nat. 3 vols. 

Botta, Mrs. Anne Charlotte (Lynch), 
1830-91 ; res. 2 vols : ed. 1 vol. 

Bottome, Mrs. Margaret. 1 vol. 

Boyd, Ellen Wright, 1833 ; res. 3 vols. 

Brace, Miss. 1 vol. 

Brackett, Anna Callender, 1836 ; res. 

3 vols. ; and Elliott, L M 1 vol ; tr. 3 vols. 
Bradford, Mrs. Sarah H. 18 vols. 
Bradley, Mrs. Mary Emily (Neeley), 

1835 ; res. 21 vols. ; and Neeley, K. J. 1 
vol. ; ed. 3 vols. _ 

Bradley By Strom, *Mrs. Elizabeth N. ; 
nat. 1 vol. 

Bramhail, Mac St. John. 2 vols. 

Branch, Mrs. Mary Lydia (Bolles), 
1840 ; res. 1 vol ; ed. 1 vol. 

Breese, Frances Helen ; res. 1 vol. 

Brewster, Mrs. Celestia A. (Bless). 3 
vols. 



Brewster, Mary Shaw. 1 vol. 

Brignardello, L. 1 vol. 

Brine, Mrs. Mary D. ; nat. 38 vols. 

Brinkerhoff, Mme. Clara (M.), ps. 
Henri Gordon ; res. 2 vols. 

Brintou, Mrs. Beulah (Tobey), 1834. 
3 vols. 

Brittan, Harriette G. 4 vols. 

Bronson, Mrs. Laura Melyzia. 1 vol. 

Brooks, Angeline. 1 vol. 

Brooks, Constantina Elizabeth. 1 vol. 

Brooks, Mrs. Mary E. (Aiken), ps. 
Noma; nat. 3 vols. 

Brooks, J. G. 1 vol. 

Brown, Caroline Morgan. 3 vols. 

Brown, Mrs. Uiedamia (Covell). 1 vol. 

Brown, Helen Dawes; res. 1 vol; and 
Backus, T. J. 1 vol. 

Brown, Mrs. Helen E. 18 vols. 

Brown, .Josephine K. 1 vol. 

Brown, Lucy Hall, M. D. 3 vols. 

Brown, Mary. 1 vol. 

Brown, iirs. M,ary E., and Brown, W. 
A. 1 vol. 

Brown, Mrs. Susan H. (Nail). 1 vol. 

Brugiere, Sara Van Buren. 1 vol. 

Brunowe, Marion J. 4 vols. 

Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin), 1843 ; 
res. 3 vols. 

Brush, Mrs. Mary E. Quackenbush. 1 
vol. 

Brush. C. E. Ed. 1 vol. 

Bryan, Mrs. Mary (Edwards) ; res. 7 
vols. 

Bryant, Elizabeth. 1 vol. 

Bryson. Louise Fiske. 1 vol. 

Buckbee, Aliss. 1 vol. 

Buckelew, Sarah P. ; nat, 1 vol ; and 
Lewis, M. W. 4 vols. 

Buckingham, Enuua May. 3 vols. 

Bucklin, Sophronia Elizabeth. 1 vol. 

Bulkley, Mrs. Abby Isabel (Brown), 
1834 ; res. 1 vol. 

Bullard, Mrs. Phoebe Consalus. 1 vol. 

Bullock, Cynthia. 3 vols. 

Bunco, Mrs. OUver Bell. 1 vol. 

Burke, Mrs. Mary E. 1 vol. 

Burnham, Mrs. Mary Lewis ; res. 3 
vols. 

Burnside, Jean. 1 vol. 

Burnz, Mrs. Eliza Boardman, 1833 ; 
res. 16 vols. 

Burt, Emma. 1 vol. 

Burt, Helen. 1 vol. 

Buterick, Jane F. 1 vol. 

Butt, Beatrice May. 1 vol. 

Butts, Mrs. Mary P. ; res. 13 vols. 

C. F. .M., ps. see Cusack, Mary Frances. 

Cahill, Mabel Esmonde. 1 vol. 

Cairns, lUrs. Emma (Riggs). 1 vol. 

C.'ilver. Amelia J. 1 vol. 

Camp, Harriet C. 1 vol. 

Campbell, Elizabeth ? ps. see Winter, 
Mrs. William. 

Campbell, Mrs. Helen, 1839, ps. Camp- 
bell Wheaton ; nat. 21 vols. 



Report of Boaed of Women Managees. 



207 



Campbell, Sylvia. 1 vol, 
Cantield, Mrs. E. H.;.res. 1 vol. 
Carida, jjs. see Carpeuder, Ida. 
Carleton. Cousiu May, ps. see Fleming, 
Mrs. 31:1}' Agues (Eai'ly). 

Carlton, Christine, ps. see Pitts, Nina. 
C'arpender, Ida, ps. Carida. 7 dramas. 

Carpenter, Amelia Walstein, 1840; nat. 
1 vol. 

Carpenter, Marj' Thorn. 1 vol. 

Carter, Mrs. Susan N. 2 vols. 

Cary, Alice, ps. Patty Lee, 1832-71; 
res. 13 vols. ; and Cary, Pha'be. 3 vols. 

Cary, Phcebe, 1824-71; res. 2 vols; ed. 
1vol. 

Caswetl, Mrs. Harriet S. 1 vol. 

Cate, Eliza Jaue, 1813-84; res. 1 vol. 

Chadwick. J. II. 1 vol. 

Champney, Mrs. Elizabeth (Williams), 
1850; res. 24 vols. 

Chandler, Mrs. G. W. 2 vols. 

Chandler, Mrs. Luciuda B. 6 vols. 

Chaplin, Jane Dunbar; res. 9 vols. 

Chapman, Mrs. Helen C. 5 vols. 

Chase, Mary Maria, 1822; njit. 1 vol. 

Chcnoweth, Caroline Van D. 1 vol. 

Cheritree, Olive E. 2 vols. 

Chesebro, Caroline, 1825-73; nat. 15 
vols. 

Chester, M., ps. set Robinson, Mrs. 
Mary Stevens. 

Child, Mrs. Lydia Maria (Francis), 
1802-80; res. 37 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Child, Mrs. Maria (Little), ps. C. Dela- 
field, 1797-1877; res. 1 vol. 

Church, jNIrs. Ella Rodman (Maellvane), 
1831. 21 vols. 

Clallin, Tennie C. (Lady Cook). 1 vol. 

Clark, Imogeue. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. 

Clark, Kate Ehzabeth. 1 vol. 

Clark. Mrs. Kate Upson; res. 1 vol. 

Clark, Mrs. M. B. SterUug. 3 vols. 

Clarke, Genevieve; nat. 1 vol. 

Clarke, 3Irs. W. III. 1 vol. 

Clavers, Mrs. Mary. ps. see Kirkland, 
Mrs. Caroline ilatilda (Stansburj'). 

Clayton, Estelle; nat. 1 vol. 

Clement, Mrs Clara (Ei'skine), see 
Waters, Mrs. Clara (Erskine) Clement. 

Cleveland, Cynthia E.; nat. 3 vols. 

Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846; nat. 
2 vols. 

Clymer, Mrs. Ella Dietz; nat. 3 vols. 

Coats, Mrs. .1. B. 1 vol. 

Cobb, Mrs. Sauford. 2 vols. 

Cochrane, Elizabeth, ps. Nellie Bly. 3 
vols. 

Coe. Mrs. Carrie (Caprou). 2 vols. 

Cohen, Mrs. Harriet Lieber. tr. 1 vol. 

Coleman, Julia. 15 vols. 

CoUes, Mrs. Julia Keese. 1 vol. 

Collis. Mrs. C. T. 1 vol. 

Colt, -Marian D. 1 vol. 

Colvin, Laura JI. 1 vol. 

Comfort, Mrs. Anna Manning, M. D., 
and Comfort, G. F. 1 vol. j 



Commelin, Mrs. Anne Alcott; nat. 2 
vols. 

Comstock, Mrs. Elizabeth A...ps. Eliza- 
beth Emmet, 1817-60; nat. 1 vol. 

Conaut, Blandina. Conip. 1 vol. 

Conaut, Clara Broughton. 1 vol. 

Couant, Mrs. Hannah O'Brien (Chap- 
lin),l 809-65; res. 3 vols.; tr. 10 vols. 

Conant, Mrs. Helen. 1 vol. 

Conaut, Mrs. Heleu D. 3 vols. 

Cone, Heleu Gray, 1859; nat. 6 vols.; 
and Gilder, J. L. 1 vol. 

Cone, Jessica. Ed. 1 vol. 

Congdon, Caroline M. ; nat. 1 vol. 

Conkey, Caroline K. , M. D. 1 vol. 

Conklin, Mrs. Jane E. D. 1 vol. 

Conkling, Margaret Cockburn, ps. 
Henry Lunettes, 1814; nat. 8 vols.; tr. 
1vol. 

Connah, Mrs. Catharine (Ring); nat. 1 
vol. 

Connelly, Mrs. Celia (Logan), 1839; 
res. 3 vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Converse, Mrs. Harriet (Maxwell); nat. 
1 vol. 

Conway, Katharine Eleanor, 1853; 
nat. 1vol.; ed. 1 vol. 

Cook, Mrs. E. G., M. D. 1 vol. 

Cook, Mrs. Kate. 1 vol. 

Cook, Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Duncan 
(Walker); res. Tr. 3 vols. 

Cooke, Mrs. Harriet B. 1 vol. 

Coombs, Mrs. Anne Sheldon, 1858-90; 
nat. 3 vols. ; and Emory, A. N. 1 vol. 

Cooper, Sarah B. 1 vol. 

Cooper, Susan Feuimore, 1813; nat. 6 
vols. ; ed. 5 vols. 

Corbett, Mrs. E. T. 4 vols. 

Corning, Mrs. Mary Spring, ps. Mary 
Hunter, res. 7 vols. 

Cornell, Mrs. D. 1 vol, 

Cornwall, Sarah Jerusha. 1 vol. 

Corson, Mrs. C. R. 1 vol.; tr. 3 vols 

Corson, Jidiet, 1842; res. 8 vols. 

Cory, Mrs. Florence Elizabeth. 3 vols. 

Coston, Mrs. Martha J. 1 vol. 

Courtney, Mrs. L. S. (Dickenson); nat. 
1 vol. 

Cowles, J. D. 1 vol. 

Co.xe, Mrs. Eliza (Conkling). 3 vols. 

Crafts, Mrs. Sarah J. 3 vols. 

Cragin, Mrs. M. A., ps. Joy Allison. 1 
vol. 

Craig, Mrs. Alethe Lowber. 1 vol, 

Craigie, Mary B. 2 vols, 

Crawford, AletheaB.; nat,, and Chapin, 
Alice, 1 vol, 

Crawford, Rebekah, 1 vol, ; and Sill, 
L. M. 1 vol. 

C'rim, Matt, 3 vols. 

Crocker, Mrs, Carrie (Decker) Beebe, 
see Beebe, 3Irs, Carrie (Decker), 

Croly, Mrs, Jennie (Cunningham), ps. 
.Jennie June, 1831; res, 6 vols,; ed. 5 
vols, 

Crosby, E. R. 1 vol. 



208 



New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Crosby, Margaret. 1 vol. 

Cross. Mary. Ed. 1 vol. 

Crowell, R'uth N. ; res. 1 vol. 

Crowley, Mrs. Richard. 1 vol. 

Crowuinshield, Mrs. Mary Bradford. 
3 vols. 

Cruger, Eliza. 1 vol. 

Cruger, Mary. 5 vols. 

Cruger, IMrs. Stephen Van Rensselaer, 
ps. Julien Gordon. 6 vols. 

Cumiugs, Elizabeth, see Pierce, Mrs. 
Elizabeth (Cumings). 

Curtis, Lilian E. 1 vol. 

Cusac, Mary Fi-ances, Sister Mary 
Frances Clare, Nun of Keumare, ps. C. F. 
M., 1830; res. 30 vols. 

Custer, Mrs. Elizabeth Bacon. 4 vols. 

Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit), 1836; res. 3 
vols. 
. Cutter, Mrs. Sarah J. 1 vol. 

Daintre.y, Laura; res. 3 vols. 

Dale, Mrs. Ida A., ps. A. W. L. Tr. 1 
vol. 

Dana, Mrs. Katharine Floyd, ps. Olive 
A. Wadsworth, 1836-86. 5 vols. 

Dana, Mrs. William Star. 1 vol. 

Daudridge, Mrs. Danske. 1 vol. 

Darr, Mrs. Francis J. A.; res. Tr. 2 
vols. 

Daumast, Mrs. Jeanie S. 10 vols. 

Davenport, Mehetable W. N. 1 vol. 

Davidson, Agnes R. 1 vol. 

Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-25; 
nat. 3 vols. ; and Davidson, M. M. 1 vol. 

Davidson, Margaret Miller, 1823-38. 1 
vol. 

Davidson, Mrs. Margaret (Mller). 1vol. 

Davis, Emma C; and Keeler, H. L. 1 
vol.; and Rickoff, A. J. 1 vol. 

Davis, Mrs. Paulina Wright (Kellogg), 
1813-76; uat. 1 vol. 

Davis, Mrs. Sarah M. Henry, 1820. 2 
vols. 

Daw, Margery, ps. see Bostwick, Mrs. 
Lucy (Watson). 

Dawson, 3Iary A. A. 1 vol. 

Deaue, ^Margery, ps. see Pitman, Mrs. 
Maria J. (Davis). 

DeForest, Julia. 1 vol. 

Dekroyft, Mrs. Sarah Helen (Aldrich), 
1818; nat. 4 vols. 

Delafield, C, ps. see Child, Mrs. Maria 
(Little). 

Delafield, ilrs. Julia (Livingston); nat. 
1 vol. 

Demarest, Mrs. Mary Augusta (Lee), 
1838-88; res. l*vol. 

Despard, Matilda. 2 vols. 

Dewing, Mrs. Maria (Oake}'). 3 vols. 

DeWitte, Mrs. Susan (Linn). 1 vol. 

Dexter, Annie B. 1 vol. 

Dickerson, Emma R. 1 vol. 

Dickinson, Anna EUzabeth, 1842. 6 
vols. 

Dickinson, Mrs. Anna 31. (Jutland). 1 
vol. 



Dickinson, Mrs. Ellen E. 1 vol. 

Dickinson, J., and Dickinson, E. E., 
and Dowd, S. E. 1 vol. 

Dickinson, Mrs. Mary Lowe. 6 vols. 

Diehl, Mrs. Anna T. (Randall). 6 vols. 

Dimou, Mrs., %is. Melva. 1 vol. 

Disosway, Mrs. E. T. 3 vols.; tr. 1 
vol. 

Dodd, Mrs. Anna Bowman (Blake); 
nat. 4 vols. 

Dodge, Grace Hoadley; res. 2 vols; 
and Blagden, Mrs. Samuel, and Paddock, 
Mrs. J. R. 1 vol. 

Dodge, Mrs. H. M., ps. Arnica Relig- 
ionis; res. 1 vol. 

Dodge, Mrs. Mary (Mapes), 1838; nat. 
7 vols.; ed. 3 vols. 

Dodsworth, Jessie B. P. 1 vol. 

Doolittle, Julia A. 1 vol. 

Doolittle, Mary Antoinette, 1810-86; 
nat. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. 

Doremus, Mrs. Charles A.; res. 1 vol.; 
tr. 4 vols. 

Dorr, jMrs. Julia Caroline (Ripley), ps. 
Caroline Thomas, 1825; res. 10 vols. 

Doubleday, Mary Edwards. 2 vols. 

Douglass, Amanda Minnie, 1838; nat. 
28 vols. 

Dow, Sabrina H. 1 vol. 

Downing, Mrs. Sophie E. (Cobb). 1 
vol. 

Downing, Mrs. Thomas R. ; res. 1 vol. 

Du Bois. Constance Goddard. 2 vols. 

Dudleigh, Agnes, ps. see Mudge, Caro- 
line. 

Dudley, Mrs. Marion Vienna (Church- 
ill); nat. 1 vol. 

Duncan, May E. 1 vol. 

Dunkirk, N. Y., Women's Literary 
Club. 3 vols. 

Dunning, Mrs. Annie (Ketchum), ps. 
Nellie Grahame, 1831; uat. 68 vols. 

Dunning, Charlotte, ps. see Morse, Mrs. 
Charlotte Dunning (Wood). 1 vol. 

Durden, Dame, ps. 1 vol. 

Dwight, Mary Ann, 1806-58; res. 3 
vols.; ed. 2 vols. 

Dyer, Mrs. Catherine Cornelia (Joy). 
4 vols. ; and Hall, M. A. 2 vols. 

Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse; res. 2 vols. 

Earle, Anne Richardson; nat. 1 vol. 

Earle, Victoria. 1 vol. 

Easter, Mrs. Josephine D. 1 vol. 

Eastman, Julia Arabella, 1837; nat. 7 
vols. 

Eaton, Alice J. ; nat. Tr. 1 vol. 

Eaton, Anna R. 1 vol. 

Ecob, Mrs. Helen (Gilbert); nat. 1 vol. 

Bdgarton, I. C. Ed. 1 vol. 

Edwards, Mrs. E. M. H. 1 vol. 

Edwards, Harriet L. 1 vol. 

Ella, ps. see Hurlbut, Mrs. Ella C. 

EUet, Mrs. Elizabeth Fries (Luramis), 
1818-77; nat. 25 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Ellsworth, Mrs. L. C. 2 vols. 

Elseflfer, Mrs. Amanda Shaw. 1 vol. 




THE AFRO-AMERICAN EXHIBIT. 



Heport of Board of Women Managers. 



209 



Emlniry, Mrs. Emma C. (.Mauley), p.i. 
laiUho, lSOl)-(i;^; lint. 13 vnla. 

Embury, Mrs. Susaii (Piudar), 1820; 
nat. 'J vols. 

Emmet, Elizalieth, pn. see Comstock, 
Mrs. Elizabeth A. 

Erkenbrofh, Mrs. Jennie Hicks, j'"- 
Sophy Sparkle. 1 vol. 

Essex, ps. see Blake, Mrs. Lillie (Deve- 
reux) Umsted. 

Estelle, ps. see Bogart, Elizabeth. 

Fabre, Christine, ps. see Smith, Mary E. 

Fackrcll, Mrs. Mary S. 1 vol. 

Faircliilil, C'arolineE. 1 vol. 

FairchiUl, Genevra Genevieve. 1 vol. 

Falcs, Mrs. Imogene C. 1 vol. 

Fane, Florence, ps. see Victor, Mrs. 
Frances Auretta (Fuller) Barrett. 

Fanny, Aunt, jis. see Barrow, Mrs. 
Frances" Elizabetli (Mease). 

Fanny, Aunt, jjs. see Gage, Mrs. Prances 
Dana (Barker). 

Fiwley, Mrs. Helen II. />s. Ernest Gil- 
more; nat. 12 vols. 

Farman, Ella, see Pratt, Mrs. Ella 
(Farman). 

Farnham, Mrs. Eliza Wollson (Bur- 
hans), 1810-64; nat. 4 vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Farquharson, Martha, ps. see Finley, 
Martha. 

Fauijeres, Mrs. Margaretta U. (Bleecker) 
1771-1801; nat. 2 vols. 

Fern, Fanny, y;.v. see Parton, Mrs. Sara 
Payson (Willi's) Eldredge. 

Ferris, Mrs. C'oruelia (Woodcock); res. 
1 vol. 

Ferris, Mrs. Mary Lanman (Douw), 
1855; nat. 2 vols; ed. 1 vol. 

Ferr)', Mrs, Caroline. 1 vol. 

Pestetits, Mrs. Kate Necly; nat. 13 vols. 

Field, Alice Duraud. 2 vols. 

Field, Kate, 184(1; res. 7 vols. 

Field, Adele M. 4 vols. ; and Ashmore, 
W. 2 vols. 

Fields, Mrs. Annie (Adams), 1834; res. 
4 vols. 

Fields, Mrs. James T., see Fields, Mrs. 
Annie (Adams). 

Finley, Martha, ps. Martha Farquhar- 
son; res. 33 vols. 

Fisher, M. J. Acer. 1 vol. 

Fiske, Mary Hubbard. Tr. 3 vols. 

Fitch, Julia. 1 vol. 

Fitz Gerald, Caroline. 1 vol. 

Flanders, Mrs. Louisa B.; nat. 1 vol. 

Fleeta, ps. see Hamilton, Kate. 

Fleming, Mrs. May Agnes (Early), ps. 
Cousin May Carleton, 1840-79; res. 31 
vols. 

Fleming, Mrs. Mary (.Stanley). 1 vol. 

Florence, ps. see Osgood, Mrs. Frances 
Sargent (Locke). 

Floyd, Mrs. Cornelia Du Bois, ps. Neil 
Forest. 4 vols. 

Fontenoy, Marquise de, pa. see Owen, 
Mrs. Cunliffe. 

26 



Foote, Mrs. Ellen Jack.son; nat. Tr. 3 
vols. 

Foote, Mrs. Mary (Ilallock), 1847; nat. 
4 vols. 

Forbes, Mrs. E. A. 1 vol. 

Forbes, Mrs, Ida B. 1 vol. 

Ford, Mrs, Emily Ellsworth (Fowler), 
1830, res, 1 vol. 

Ford, Jlrs. Mary A. (McMullin), ps. 
Una. 1 vol. 

Forest, Neil, ])s. see Floyd, Mrs. C'or- 
nclia I)u Bois. 

Forrester, Fanny, ps. see Judson, Mrs. 
Emily C. (Chulibuck). 

Foster, Lilian, 1 vol, 

Foster, Mrs. Theodosia M., ps. Faye 
Huntington; res, 13 vols.; and Alden, 
Jlrs. Isaliella. 8 vols. 

Fox, Margaret, 1836, nat., and Kane, E. 
K. 1 vol. 

Frances, Mary, ps. see Mason, Mrs. 
Fannie. 

Francis, Mrs. H. E. (Tucker). 3 vols. 

Prank, ps. see "Whitcher, Mrs. Frances 
Jliriam (Berry). 

Fremont. Mrs. Jessie (Benton), 1824; 
res. 4 vols., 

French, Clara, 1863-88; nat. 1 vol. 

French, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Wash- 
burn). 1 vol. 

French, Mrs. Miriam B. 1 vol. 

Prctliey, Mrs, Heloise Durant, 4 vols. 

Fuller," Fraiicesca Cleveland, 1 vol. 

Puller, S. E, 1 vol, 

Fulton, Mrs. Linda de K,, 1852, ps. 
Linda de Kowalcwska; nat. Tr. 2 vols. 

Gage, Jlr?, Frances Dana (Barker), ]is. 
Aunt F.'inny, 1808; res. 4 vols. 

Gage, Mrs, ^latilda (Joslyn), 1836; nat, 
1 vol,; and Anthony, S, B,, and Stanton, 
Mrs, Elizabeth (Cacly). 1 vol. 

Gage, Susanna Phelps, 1 vol, 

Gardiner, Mrs. Helen H. 8 vols. 

Gardiner, Mary L, 1 vol. 

Gardner. I^Irs. Mary Russell. 3 vols. 

Gertrude, Mary. 1 vol. 

Gertrude, Sister (Balfe). Tr. 1 vol. 

Gestefcld, Mrs. Ursula. 1 vol. 

Gilbert, Laura JI.; nat. 1 vol. 

Gilchrist, Frederieka; nat. 1 vol. 

Gilder, Jeannette Leonard, 1849; nat., 
and Cone, 11. G. 1 vol.; and Gilder, J. 
B, 1 vol, 

Gillette, Mrs. Lucia Fidelia WooUey. 3 
vols, 

Gillette, Mrs. Mary S. 2 vols. 

Gilman, Mrs. 1 v.jl. 

Gilman, Clarabel. 1 vol. 

Gilman, Wenona. 1 vol. 

Gilmore, Ernest, ps. see Farley, Mrs. 
Helen II. 

Gleason, Adele A. 1 v(jl. 

Gleason, Ardclle B, 1 vol, 

Gleason, JIrs, U. B., 31, D, 1 vol, 

Glyndon. Howard, ps. see Searing, Mrs. 
Laura Catherine (Redden). 



210 



New Toek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



Glynn, Mrs. Sarah Stoddard. 1 vol. 

Goddard, Abba A. 2 vols. 

Goff, Mrs. Harriet Newell Kneeland. 3 
vols. 

Goldmark, Miss. 1 vol. 

Gordon. Henri, -ps. see BrinkerliofE, 
Mme. Clara (M). 

Gordon, Julien, ps. see Cruger, Mrs. 
Stephen Van Rensselaer. 

Gore, Mrs. 1 vol. 

Gracey, Mrs. J. T. 2 vols. 

Gracie, Sarah. 1 vol. 

Graham, Mrs. Isabella (Marshall); res. 
2 vols. 

Grahame, Nellie, ps. see Dunning, Mrs. 
Annie (Ketchum). 

Grant, Mrs. Anne (Macvicar), 1755- 
1838; res. 6 vols. 

Graves, Alida W. ; nat. 3 vols. 

Green, Mrs. Julia (Boynton); res. 1 
vol. 

Greene, Cordelia A., M. D. ; nat. 1 
vol. 

Greene, Mrs. M. H. Y. 2 vols. 

Greeuwell, Dora. 1 vol. 

Greenwood, Grace, ps. see Lippincott, 
Mrs. Sarah Jane (Clark). 

Grey, Alice, ps. see Matthews, Julia A. 

Griffith, Mattie. 2 vols. 

Grimke, Sarah Moore, 1792-1873. 2 
vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Griswold, Mrs. F. Burge (Smith). 34 
vols. 

Guernsey, Clara Florida, 1839; nat. 18 
vols.; and Guernsey, L. E. 2 vols. 

Guernsey, Lucy Ellen; nat. 45 vols. 

Gustafson, Mrs. Zadel Barnes. 2 vols. 

Hadle3^ Mrs. Hattie, ps. Kate E. Stan- 
ley. 1 vol. 

Haight, Mrs. Sarah (Rogers); nat. 3 
vols. 

Hale, Gertrude Elizabeth; res. 1 vol. 

Hall, Arethusa; res. 5 vols. 

Hall, Mrs. E. M. 1 vol. 

Hall, Mrs. Eunice. 1 vol. 

Hall, Mrs. James. 1 vol. 

Hall, Mrs. Marcelia W. 1 vol. 

Hall, Mary L. 1 vol. 

Hall, Sarah Oakey; nat. 1 vol. 

Hall, Theresa Oakey; nat. 4 vols. 

Hallock, Mary Angeline; res. 7 vols. 

Hamilton, AUce King. 1 vol. 

Hamilton, Kate, ps. Electa; nat. 8 
vols. 

Hammond, Mrs. L. H. 1 vol 

Hammond, Mrs. (Rood). 1 vol. 

Hamlin, Mrs. Myra Sawyer; res. 1 
vol. * 

Hancock, Mrs. Almira (Russell). 1 vol. 

Hanna, Mrs. Sarah R. Foster. 2 vols. 

Hannah, Annie L. 1 vol. 

Hapgood, Isabel Florence, 1850; res. 
Tr. 17 vols. 

Harlaud, Marion, ps. see Terhune, Mrs. 
Mary Virginia (Hawes). 

Harmon, Elizabeth J. 3 vols. 



Harrington, Adelaide L. 1 vol. 

Harris, Mrs. Caroline M., 1847; nat 
1 vol. 

Harris, Mrs. F. (McCready), ps. Hope 
Ledyard. 6 vols; and Merrill, J. B. 2 
vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Harris, Mrs. Maria Welch. 1 vol, 

Harris, Mrs. Miriam (Coles), 1834; res. 
14 vols. 

Harris, Mrs. S. M. Fuller. 1 vol. 

Harrison, Mrs. Burton, see Harrison, 
Mrs. Constance (Cary). 

Harrison, Mrs. Constance (Cary), 1835; 
res. 10 vols. 

Harrison, Jennie. 12 vols. 

Hart, Imogene. 1 vol. 

Hart, Jlrs. Irene (Widdemer). 3 vols. 

Hart, Mary E. 1 vol. 

Hatton, Julia Ann. 1 vol. 

Haven, Mrs. Alice (Bradley) Neal, ps. 
Alice G. Lee, Cousin Alice, 1828-63; nat. 
20 vols. 

Hawes, Mrs. Lucy Williams. 2 vols. 

Hawley, Helen A. 2 vols. 

Haynes, Mrs. Maiy Lee (Stone); nat. 
3 vols. 

Hays, M. F. 1 vol. 

Hays, Mrs. W. J. 8 vols. 

Heaton, Mrs. Eliza Putnam; res. 1 
vol. 

Heaton, Mrs. Ellen (Marvin). 1 vol. 

Hedges, Mrs. Mary Brewerton. 4 vols. 

Hedges, Mrs. Mary J. 3 vols. 

Helfenstein, Ernest, ps. see Smith, Mrs. 
Elizabeth Oakes (Prince). 

Helhnan, Mrs. Frances. Tr. 1 vol. 

Hemiup, Mrs. Maria Remington. 2 
vols. 

Henderson, Mrs. Martha Tiffany. 1 
vol. 

Henderson, Mrs. Mary F. 2 vols. 

Hendrick, Mrs. Mary F. 1 vol. 

Hendrikseu, Louise Both. 1 vol. 

Hensel, Octavia. 1 vol. 

Hepworth, Mrs. George Hughes, ps. 
Una Savin; res. 1 vol. 

Huron, Matilda, 1830-77; res. Tr. 2 
vols. 

Herrick, Mrs. Christine (Terhune), 1859; 
res. 5 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Herrick, Mrs. Sophie Bledsoe. 3 vols. 

Hicks, Margaret. Tr. 1 vol. 

Hicks, Mrs. Mary Dana. 2 vols.; and 
Clark, J. S., 1 vol.; and Clark, J. S., and 
Perry, W. S., 2 vols.; and Locke, J. C, 
1 vol. 

Hillard, Katharine. Tr. 1 vol. 

Hills, Mary E. 1 vol. 

Hilton, Mrs. Alice Howard. 1 vol. 

Hinsdale, Mrs. Grace Webster; res. 2 
vols. 

Hindman, Rebecca Irwin. 1 vol. 

Hodgdon, Josephine E. 8 vols. 

Hodges, Mrs. Katherine; res. 6 vols. 

Hoffman, Mary I. ; nat. 6 vols. 

Hogan, Kate E. ; res. 1 vol. 



Eepoet of Board of Women Managers. 



211 



Hollev, ^larietta, ps. Josiah Allen's I 
Wife, 18-44; nat. 13 vols. ' 

Holly, Glenn, ps. see Pierce, Grace M. ] 

Holly, Sirs. S. C. 1 vol. 

Holmes, Alice; res. 1 vol. 

Holmes, Mrs. ilary Jane (Hawes); res. 
31 vols. 

Holroyd, Dorothy; nat. 2 vols. 

Holton, Mrs. Frances Keturah (Tor- 
■ward), 1815; res., and Holton, D. P. 4 
vols. 

Hood, Cora B. ; nat. 1 vol. 

Hooker, Fanny, ps. Erniest Hoven. 4 
vols. 

Hooper, Lucy, 1816-41; res. 6 vols. 

Hope, Louie. 1 vol. 

Hopkins, Mrs. E. B., see Hopkins, Mrs. 
Sarah (Drake) Garretson. 1 vol. 

Hojjkins, Louisa Pa5-son. 1 vol. 

Hopkins, Mrs. Sarah (Drake) Garretson; 
res. Corap. 1 vol. 

Hornby, Mrs. Eliza (Benedict); nat. 3 
vols. 

Home, Eleanora Iselin. ^L D. 1 vol. 

Horsford, Mrs. ilary L'Hommedieu 
(Gardiner), 1824-55; res. 2 vols. 

Houghton, j\Irs. Louise Seymour. 4 
vols. 

Houghton, Mary. Tr. 8 vols. ; ed. 3 vols. 

Hoven, Erniest, ps. see Hooker, Fanny. 

Howe, Mrs. Julia (Ward), 1819; n.-it. 
12 vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Howland, Susannah R. 1 vol. 

Hubbard, Addie. 1 vol. 

Hubbard, Janette P. 1 vol. 

Hughes, Mrs. Matilda, ;m. Lyndon. 8 
vols. 

Hushes. !Mrs. Reginald, see Hughes, 
Mrs. 3Iatilda. 

Hiighson, jSL-s. Delia Thomas. 3 vols. 

Humphrey, Mrs. Emily Jane (Trussell). 
7 vols. ; tr. 1 vol. 

Huugerford, Jlrs. Mary C. 2 vols. 

Hunnibee, Kate, ps. see Lyman, Mrs. 
Laura E. (Baker). 

Hunt, Sarah Keebles. Ed. 1 vol. 

Hunter, Mary, ps. see Corning, Jlrs. 
Mary Spring. 

Huntington, Arria S. 1 vol. 

Huntington, Cornelia; nat. 3 vols. 

Huntington, Emil}'. 3 vols. 

Huntington, Faye, pis. see Foster, Mrs. 
Theodosia il. 

Huntinston, Mrs. Mary H. 4 vols. 

Hurd, Jessie. 1 vol. 

Hurlbut, Mrs, Ella C. ps. Ella. 1 vol. 

Huse, Mrs. Harriet Pinckney. Tr, 1 
vol. 

Hutchinson, Mrs, A. S, 1 vol. 

Hutchinson, Ellen Mackay. 1 vol. 

Hutzler, Sara. 1 vol. 

Hyde, JIary F.; res. 2 vols. 

Linthe, ps. "see Embury, Mrs. Emma C. 
(Manley). 

Lie, Mrs. Fannie Otis (Ogden), 1853, jds. 
Buth Ogden. 3 vols. 



Ligersoll, ilrs. Ruby Ann. 1 vol. 

Ingmire, Katharine; nat, 1 vol, 

Ingraham, Mrs, Sarah R. 1 vol. 

Irving, Minna; nat. 3 vols. 

Isabel, ps. see Ritchie, Mrs, Anna Cora 
(Ogden) Mowatt, 

J, S, ;m, see Tappan, Mrs. Sarah (Jack- 
son) Davis, 

J, W. il, L, ps. see Woodruff, Mrs. J. 
L, M, 

.Tackman, Abi S. 6 vols. 

Jackson, Mrs. Margaret (Crawford). 1 
vol. 

Jacobi, Mrs. Mary (Putnam), M, D., 
1842; res. 6 vols. ; and White, V. A, 1 
vol. 

James, Mrs, Edwin, 1 vol, 

James, Maria, 1793-1868: res, 1 vol, 

Jane, ps. see Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Eliza- 
beth (Moore) Hewitt. 

Jenkins, ^Irs. Helen M. Philleo; nat. 
1 vol, 

Jobson, Mrs. Addie Melton. 1 vol. 

.Johnson, Anna J. 3 vols. 

Johnson, Elizabeth Winthrop, 3 vols. 

.Johnson, Mrs. Helen (Kendrick), 1843; 
nat. 5 vols.; ed. 4 vols. 

Johnson, Mrs. Herrick. 1 vol. 

Johnson, Laura. 1 vol. 

Johnson, Mrs, Laura (Winthrop), 1835- 
89; res, 8 vols,; ed, 3 vols, 

.Johnson, !Mary Coffin, 5 vols, 

.lohnson, Mary Loomis. 3 vols. 

.Johnson, Mrs. Sarah, 1 vol, 

.lohnson, Virginia Wales, ps. Cousin 
Virginia, 1849; nat, 20 vols, 

Jones, A, Kate. 1 vol. 

Jones, Amanda Theodosia, 1835; nat. 4 
vols, 

.Jones, ilrs. .Jane Elizabeth (Hitchcock); 
nat. 1 vol. 

Jones, Mrs. .Jennie E. 1 vol, 

Jones, Julia Clinton; nat. 1 vol. 

Jones, Mary A. Dixon, M. D. 9 pam. 

Josiah Allen's Wife, ps. see HoUey, 
Marietta, 

Judd, iVIrs, Laura Pish, 1804-73; nat. 
1 vol, 

.Judson, Mrs, Emilj- C. (Chubbuck), ps. 
Fanny Forrester, 1817-54; nat. 14 vols, 

Judson, Mrs. Sarah (Hall) Boardman, 
1803-45. 1 vol, ; tr, 2 vols. 

Julius, Julia Matilda; nat. 1 vol. 

.June. Jennie, jjs. see Croly, Jlrs. Jennie 
(Cimningham), 

Kaufiman, Mrs. Rosalie. 1 vol,; ed. 1 
vol.; tr. 1 vol. 

Keating, Mrs. Ida L. (Griffin). 1 vol. 

Kellogg, Carrie Haviland. 1 vol, 

Kellogg, Mrs, Lavinia Steele, 2 vols.; 
ed, 1 vol. 

Kelly, Mrs. M. A. B. 3 vols. 

Kempshall, Julia A. ^m. Julia A. Willis; 
res. 1 vol. 

Kendrick, Mrs. G. A, ps. M. A. Gren- 
del. 1 vol. 



212 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Kenmare, Nun of, see Cusack, Mary I 

Frances. I 

Kennedy, Mrs, Nathalie Sieboth. Tr. i 

1 vol. 

Kenyon, Ellen B., d. 1885. 1 vol, 
Ketchum, Mrs. Annie Chambers; res. 

3 vols. 

Keyser, Harriette A. 2 vols. 

Eliani, Mrs. Lilian Bayard (Taylor), 
1858; res. Tr. 2 vols. 

Kimball, Mrs. Maria Porter (Brace). 1 
vol. 

Kimble, Margaret. 1 vol. 

King, Mrs. Mary B. Allen. 1 vol. 

lungsbury, Mrs. Carleton A. Tr. 1 vol. 

Kinney, Mrs, Elizabeth C. (Dodge) 
Stedman; nat. 8 vols. 

Kirk, Eleanor, ps. see Ames, Mrs. Ellen 
Maria (Easterbrooks). 

Kirkland, Elizabeth Stansbury; nat. 

4 vols. 

Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline Matilda (Stans- 
bury), ps. Mrs. Mary Clavers, 1801-64; 
nat. 18 vols.; and Curtis, G. W., and 
others. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. 

Kirk wood. Agues E. 1 vol. 

Kirkwood, Anna W. 1 vol. 

Kirkwood, Louis J. 3 vols. 

Kitty, Aunt, ps. see Mcintosh, Maria J. 

Knapp, bill's. Joseph F. seeKnapp, Mrs. 
Phcebe (Palmer). 

Knapp, Mrs, Phoebe (Palmer), ps. XTX. 

2 vols. 

Knox, Mrs. Alice W. 2 vols.; and 
Knox, C. E. 1 vol. 

Knox, Emmeline L. 1 vol. 

Knox, Mary Alice; nat. 2 vols. 

Kowalewska, Linda de, ps. see Fulton, 
Mrs. Linda de K. 

Krause, Lydia F. ps. Barbara Yechton. 
7 vols. 

L. A. W. ps. see Dale, Mrs. Ida A. 

L, H. M. 2 vols. 

La Fontaine, Richard A. 3 vols. 

La Grange, Magdalene I. 1 vol. 

Lake, Annie, ps. Philip Shirely. 1 vol. 

Lamb, Mrs. Martha Joanna Reade 
(Nash). 1839-93. 17 vols. ; ed. 2 vols. 

Lamsen, Mrs. J. W. 2 vols. 

Langford, Mrs. Laura Carter (Hallo- 
way); res. 11 vols.; ed. 4 vols.; tr. 2 
vols. 

Lanza, Clara, Marquise. 3 vols.; and 
Hammond, W. A. 1 vol. 

Earned, Augusta, 1835; nat. 11 vols.; 
ed. 1 vol. 

Lasher, Mrs. 1 vol. 

Lathbury, Mary X. 1841; nat. 9 vols. 

Lathrop, Mrs. C. ; res. 1 vol. 

Lathrop, Clarissa Caldwell. 1852-93; 
nat. 1 vol. 

Lathrop, Elise L. Tr. 4 vols. 

Lawrence, Elizabeth, ps. EHzabeth Wel- 
ler; Gorham Silva, 2 vols. 

Lazarus, Emma, 1849-87; nat. 6 vols. ; 
tr. 1 vol 



Ledyard, Hope, ps. see Harris, Mrs F, 
(McCready). 

Lee, Mrs. Frank. 1 vol. 

Lee, Margaret. 14 vols. 

Lee, Mary A. Born. 1 vol. 

Lee, Mary B,; res. 11 vols. 

Lee, Mary V., M. D. 8 vols. 

Lee, Patty, ps. see Cary, Alice. 

Lee, Sara L. Saunders, 1 vol. 

LeFavre, Mrs, Carrica. 3 vols. 

Lemcke, Gesine. 1 vol. 

Lemmon, Mrs. Sarah Plummer; res. 
3 vols. 

Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte (Ramsay), 
1720-1804 nat. 12 vols.; tr. 3 vols. 

Leonowens, Mrs. Anna Harriette (Craw- 
ford), 1834; res. 4 vols. 

Le Plongeon, Mrs. Alice D. ; res. 1 vol. 

Le Row, Caroline B. , res. 8 vols. 

Leslie, Eliza, 1787-1858: res. 11 vols.; 
ed. 1 vol, 

Leslie, Mrs. Frank; res. 2 vols. 

Leslie, Madeline, ps. see Baker, Mrs. 
H. N. W. 

Lester, Helen W. Tr. 1 vol. 

Levin, E. M. 4 vols. 

Levy, Fanny G. 1 vol. 

Lewis, Eliza Gabriella. 1 vol. 

Lewis, Mrs. Harriet. 10 vols. 

Lewis, Mrs. Estelle Anna Blanche 
(Robinson), 1834r-80; res. 9 vols,; tr. 1 
vol. 

Libbey, Laura Jean, 1864; res. 35 
vols. 

Lillie, Mrs. Lucy Cecelia, 1855; res. 15 
vols. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Jeanie (Gould). 3 vols. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Martha D., ps. Bessie 
Beech. 2 vols. 

Linn, Mrs. Edith (Willis); res 1 vol. 

Lippincott, Mrs. Sarah Jane (Clark), ps. 
Grace Greenwood, 1823; nat, 19 vols. 

Lippmann, Julie M. ; res. 1 vol. 

Litchfield, Grace Denio, 1849; nat. 7 
vols. 

Little, Mrs. C. M. 1 vol. 

Livermore, Mrs. Mary Ashton (Rice); 
res. 4 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Lloyd, Mrs. Harriett Raymond, 1840. 
1vol. 

Lloyd, Mrs. Sophia Webster. 1 vol. 

Lockwood, Ellen M. Comp. 1 vol. 

Lockwood, Mary S. 1 vol. 

Logan, Celia, see Connelly, Mrs. Celia 
(Logan). 

Logan, Olive, see Sikes, Mrs. Olive 
(Logan). 

Logie, Mrs. Sarah E. (Chester). 13 vols. 

Longstreet, Mrs. Abby Buchanan, 7 
vols. 

Lothrop. Amy, ps. see Warner, Anna 
Bartlett. 

Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Webster, 
1836-87; nat. 3 vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Love, Mrs. Sarah (Tooker). 1 vol. 

Lovelace, Kate R. 1 vol. 



TjKi'oin- iiF "BdAKii (IF Women Managers. 



213 



Lowell, JIi's. Jiisi'phiue Shaw. iS vols, 
Luilhmi, Jnui KiUc, ISOli-D'J. II vols. 
Liuit'ttos, lU'ury, yw. sw Coukliug, 
Mari^'iu'ot C'ockburii. 

Lyall, Mrs. T, M. 1 vol. 
Lvman, Haima Willnril, lSlG-71; res, 
1 vol, 

Lj-nuin, jMrs. Laura E. (Baker), ;w. 
Kate llunnibee, 1831 ; res., and Lyman, 
J, 15. 1 vol. 

Lyndou, jk. see Hushes, Mrs. Matilda. 

M. ('. F. /:s. see Cusack, Mary Prances. 

M. K. see jMcrlelInn, Kate. 

McAllister, E., M. D 1 pam. 

JlcAliiiue, Mrs. Stella (Parrington) ; 
nat. * iJ vols. 

.MeCaliill, Mrs. A. Lyndsay (McGregor). 
4 vols. 

McCall, Mary ,1. 1 vol. 

iMcC.'irthy, Mrs. E. M. Tr. 1 vol. 

Muel'artiiy, j\lrs, Enniia W. 2 vols. 

McClellau, Kate, 7 vols. 

McCorniick, Grace. 1 vol. 

McDonald, Jlrs. LucretiaP.: nat. I vol. 

McDonald, M. A, 1 vol. 

JIcDonald, Mrs. Mary N. Uleecker, see 
I\lrii;s, Mrs. Mary Noel Bleecker Me- 
J)onald. 

Mcll.-irg. Fannie Pavey ; res. 1 vol. 

Mcintosh, Maria J., ps. Aunt Kitty, 
IMiia-7S; res. 24 vols. 

.Mc.Mahon. Ella. 2 vols. ; tr. 1 vol. 

jMc Malum, .Mary. 1 vol. 

McXntt, Sarali .J., M. I). 4 vols. 

JIc(.2iieen, .Mrs. Maiy (Harris), G vols. 

Mahie, Grace; res. 1 vol. 

Maltbic, .Mrs. A. ('. 2 vols. 

Mann, Nellie A., ^w. see Manville, Mrs. 
Helen Adelaide (Wood). 

Manncring, .May, /«. see Nowcll, Mrs. 
Harriet Putnam (flardy). 

Milliners. .Mi's., /w. sec Uiehards, Mrs. 
C'liniclia Ilolrciyd (Bradley I. 

.Manville, .Mrs. Helen Adelaide (Wood), 
]is. Nellie A. .Mann, 1889; nat. 1 vol. 

Marliourg, Dolores 1 vol. 

Marbury, Eli/abelh; nat. 1 vol. 

Marsh, .Julia, jix. see Parsons, Mrs. 

.Martin, iMrs. Cornelia Williams. 7 
veils.; and Powers. 1 vol. 

.Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth Gilbert. 1 vol.; 
tr. () vols.- 

.Martin, Mrs. Victoria (Clatlin) Wood- 
hull. 4 vols. 

.Martyn, Li/.zie Stanley. 1 vol. 

.Martvn, Mrs. Sarah Towne (Smith), 
lsii.-,-7!), res. 1« vols.; ed. 2 vols. 

.Marvin, Lydia Hooper. 1 vol. 

Mary Frances CHare, Sister, see Cusack, 
Mary Prances. 

Mason, Mrs. Fannie W., pn. Mary 
Prances. 1 vol. 

.Mason, Mrs. .Marie Louise; nat. 1 vol. 

.Mason, >hu'y .Murdock. 1 vol. 

Mather, jMrs. A. Palmer; res. 1 vol. 

Mather, Mrs. Helen. 1 vol. 



Mathews, .loanna H.; nat. 43 vols, 
and Mathews, .1. A. 1 vol. 

Mathews, .Julia A. ps. Alice Gray; nat. 
2U vols. 

Mathews, Mrs, W. E. 4 vols. 

Malson, ('ora A. 1 vol. 

Matteson, Mrs. Jfrances 1'"'. ; res. 1 vol. 

May, Caroline; res. 4 vols.; ed. 2 vols. 

Maynard, .Mrs. Thomas, and Haskell, 
Mrs. ".1. L. 1 vol. 

Mcan-her. .Mrs. A. G. (l)e Blossieres). 
'I'r. 1 vol. 

Meigs, Mrs. Mary Noel Bleecker Mo 
Donald; nat. ii vols. 

Melva, pa. see Dimon, Mrs. 

Mendell, Miss, and llosnier, iMiss. t vol. 

Merington, Marguerite; res. 1 comedy. 

Merriam, Florence A.; res. 1vol. 

Merrill, .lennie B,, ps. D. 2 vols. ; and 
Crafts, Mrs. W. P. 2 vols. ; and Harris, 
jMrs. P. (McCready). 2 vols. 

Morritt, Anna. Lea; res, 1 vol. 

Meyer, Mrs. .Vnnie (Nathan). I vol.; 
ed. 1 vol. 

Milinowski, Harriot Kaiisoni. 'I'r. I vul, 

Millard, l.yilia .M. 2 vols. 

Miller, .Mrs. lOlizabclb (Smith). 1 vol. 

Miller. Mrs. Harriet (Mann), pn. Olive 
'riiorne Miller, IHHl; nat, II vols. 

.Miller, .Mary C. 1") vols. 

Miller, Mrs.' Mary Uice. 14 vols. 

Miller, Olive Thorne, ps. see Miller, 
Mrs. Harriet (Mann) 

Minard, Fliza C., M. 

Mitcliell, Ellen M. 

Mitchell, Mrs. Mary 
I vol.; tr. ii vols. 

Mi.xer, Mrs. Mary E. 

Modet, Helen, i vol. 

Moe, Adelaide T. I vol. 

Monk, Maria, 1H17-r)(); rei 

Montgomery, K. IL; nat. 

Moiirc, .Vugusta, 1828; res, 

Moore, Helen. I vol. 

Moore, Susan Tcacklc. I vol. 

Morehouse, Mrs. .Julia, Hunt. 

Morey, Amelia. 1 vol. 

Morgan, Anna; nat. 1 vol. 

Morgan, Mrs. Caroline Starr. 

Morgan, Mary E. I vol. 

Jlorley, .Margaret Warner. 1 vol. 

Morris, Anne ('ary; nat. Ed. 1 vol. 

Morrison, i\lary. 3 vols. 

.Mor.se, Mrs. Charlotte Dunning (Wo.id), 
/IS. (Charlotte Dunning, ii vols. 

Morion, Margaret. 4 vols. 

Mosher, Eliza M., M. J). I! vols. 

Mudge, Caroline, ps. Agnes Dudleigh; 
res. 1 vol. 

Muller, Donizetta. 1 vol. 

Mulligan, Charlotte. Ed. 1 vol. 

Murdeii, .Mrs. Eliza. 1 vol. 

.Murphy, Blanch Elizabeth .Mary 
Annunciata (Noel), IHfiO-Hl; res. 1 vol. 

Murray, Hannah Lindley, 1777-l«ii0 ; 
nat. 1 vol.; tr. 4 vols. 



D. 

vol 
A. 



i vols. 
(Laloi 
1 vol. 



); res. 



2 vols. 
1 vol. 
I vol. 



1 vol. 



vols. 



214 



New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Muzzy, Mrs. Ann. 1 vol. 

Muzzy, Mrs. Harriett. 1 vol. 

Myer.s, Lillie E. Tr. 1 vol. 

Mygiitt, Mary Dickinson. 1 vol. 

Nevius, Mrs. Helen S. C. 1 vol. 

New, Mrs. Lisabetb A. (Parmalee). 3 
vols. 

Newcomb, E. Kittie. 1 vol. 

Newman, .Mrs. John Philip. 3 vols.; 
comp. 3 vols. 

Nichols, Mrs. Ida P. 1 vol. 

Nicliols, Mrs. Mary (Neal) Sergeant 
Gore, ])(■: Mary Orme, 1810; res. 3 vols. 

Nicholas. Mrs. Emily E. 1 vol. 

Nicol, Mary E. 1 vol. 

Nitsch, Mrs. Helen Alice, ps. Catherine 
Owen, d. 1889. 9 vols. 

Noble, Annette Lucille, 1844; nat. 19 
vols; and E. B. Keeney. 1 vol. 

Noma, ps. see Brooks, Mrs. Mary E. 
(Aiken). 

Norris, Mary Harriott. 7 vols.; ed. 4 
vols. 

Norton, Mrs. Emma E. 1 vol. 

Nourse, Mrs. Laura A. (Barney) Sun- 
derlin, 1836; nat. 1 vol. 

Nowell, Mrs. Harriett Putnam (Hardy), 
ps. May Maunering. 6 vols. 

Nuu of Kenmare, see Cusack, Mary 
Frances. 

Oakey, Emily SuUivan, 1839-83. 3 
vols. 

Oakey, Maria R. see Dewing, Mrs. 
Maria R. (Oakey). 

Oaklej', Julia, and Bussing, Mrs. John. 
1 vol. 

Ober, Mrs. Carolyn Paville, nat.; and 
Westover, Cynthia. 1 vol. 

O'Connor, Mrs. Evangeline Maria 
(Johnson); nat. 1 vol. ; comp. 3 vols. 

O'Donnell, Helen; nat, 1 vol. ; tr. 1 
vol. 

O'Donnell, Jessie P. ; nat. 3 vols. ; 
comp. 1 vol. 

0.gden. Ruth, ps. see Ide, Mrs. Fannie 
Otis"(Ogden). 

Olin, Mrs. Julia Matilda (Lynch), 1814- 
79; nat. 11 vols.; ed. 3 vols.' 

Orme, Mary, ps. see Nichols, Mrs. 
Mary (Neal) Sargeant Gore. 

Ormsbee, Mrs. Agnes Bailey. 1 vol. 

Osgood, Mrs. Finances Sargent (Locke). 
ps. Florence, 1811-50; res. 9 vols. 

Ovington, Irene H. ; nat. 1 vol. ; comp. 
1vol. 

Owen, Catherine, ps. see Nitsch, Mrs. 
Helen Alice. *.' 

Owen, Mrs. Cunliff, ps. Marquise de 
Fontenoy; res. 1 vol. 

Pacheco, Mrs, Romaldo; res. 3 vols. 

Packard, Mrs. Clarissa. 1 vol. 

Paine, Caroline. 1 vol. 

Paine, Meta Roberts Peningtou, 1837- 
85; res. Tr. 1 vol. 

Palmer, Mrs. Anna (Campbell), ps. Mrs. 
George Archibald, 1854; nat. 4 vols. 



Palmer, Mrs. Fanny Purdy; nat. 1 
vol. 

Palmer, Henrietta Lee, 1834; res. 3 
vols.; tr. 1 vol. 

Palmer, Lynde, ps. see Peebles, Mrs. 
Mary Louise (Parmelee). 

Palmer, Mrs. Pha?be (Worrell), 1807-74; 
nat. 10 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Palmer, Mrs. Rebecca Learned. 1 pam. 

Pansy, ps. see Alden, Mrs. Isabella (Mac- 
donald). 

Pardon, Emma L. ; res. 1 vol. 

Parker, Mrs. Bessie (Chandler) ; res. 1 
vol. 

Parker, Mrs. Cornelixis. 1 vol. 

Parker, Mrs. Helen (Pitch), 1837-74; 
nat. 9 vols. 

Parker, Marie Louise. 1 vol. 

Parker, Mrs. Permelia Jane (Marsh), 
1836; nat. 33 vols.; adapter, 3 vols. 

Parmele, Mrs. Mary. 5 vols. 

Parmelee, Mrs. Helen L. 1 vol. 

Parrish, F. E. 1 vol. 

Parry, Fannie. 1 vol. 

Parsons, Mrs. ps. Julia Marsh. 3 vols. 

Parsons, Mrs. Eliza D. W. 1 vol. 

Parton, Mrs. Sara Payson (Willis) El- 
dredge, ps. Fanny Fern, 1811-73; res. 10 
vols. 

Patton, Mrs. Abby (Hutchinson), 1839- 
93; res. 1 vol. 

Payne, Mrs. Alice Huntley. 1 vol. 

Peabody, Mrs. Mark, ps. see Victor, Mrs. 
Metta Victoria (Fuller). 

Peabody, Mrs. Sarah Roberts (Boyle), 
1813-69; res. 8 vols. 

Peebles, Mrs. Mary Louise (Parmelee), 
ps. Lynde Palmei\ 1833; nat. 11 vols, 

Peckham, Mrs. Lucy (Gore) Creemer, 
1843; res. 1 vol. 

Penny, L. 6 vols. 

Penny, Virginia, 1836; res. 3 vols. 

Percy, Florence, ps. see Allen, Mrs. 
Elizabeth (Chase) Akers. 

Perkins. Mrs. B. B. 1 vol. 

Perry, Anna; res. 8 vols. 

Peter, Mrs. Mary L. 1 vol.' 

Pettitt, Amelia V. C. 3 vols. 

Phelps, Mrs. Almira (Hart) Lincoln, 
1793-1884; res. 31 vols.; and Willard, 
Emma. Ed. 1 vol. ; tr. 1 vol, 

Pickard, Mrs. Kate E. R. 1 vol. 

Pierce, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cununings); 
nat. 4 vols. 

Pierce, Grace M. ps. Glen Holly. 1 pam. 

Piersou, Mrs. Helen W. 3 vols. 

Pierson, L.ydia Jane. 3 vols. 

Piffard, Nina Haight. 1 vol. 

Pitman, Mrs. Mana J. (Davis), ps. Mar- 
gery Deane, 1847-88; nat. 3 vols. 

Pitts, Nina, ps. Christine Carlton; nat. 
4 vols. 

Pollard, Josephine, 1840; nat. 33 vols.; 
and Vincent, J. H. 1 vol. ; ed. 1 vol. ; tr. 1 
vol. 

Pool, Maria Louise. 6 vols. 



Report of Board of Women Managers. 



215 



Poole, Mrs Hester M. 1 vol. 

Poor, Laura Elizabeth. 1 vol.; ed. 1 
vol. 

Porter, Mary J. 1 vol. 

Porter, Rose ; nat. 26 vols., ed. 11 vols. 

Post. Loretta J. 1 vol. 

Post, Mrs. Mary A, 1 vol. 

Potter, Helen. 3 vols. 

Potter, V. JI. 1 voL 

PoweU, Anna W, 1 vol. 

Powell, Mrs. Mary (Walrath) ; nat. 3 
vols. 

Powers, Mrs. O. A, 1 vol. 

Pratt, Mrs. Ella (Panuan). jis. Dorothea 
Alice -Shepherd ; nat. 13 vols. ; ed. 1 
vol; tr. 1 vol. 

Pratt, Frances Hammond. 1 vol. 

Pratt, Mrs. Frances Lee i res. 5 vols. 

Pratt, Mrs. Sophia 0. 1 vol. 

Preece. Mrs. Louise. 1 vol. 

Prentice. Mrs. Jennie B. 2 vols. 

Prentiss, Caroline Edwards. 1 vol. 

Prentiss, ^li'S Elizabeth (Payson) ps. 
Aunt Susan, 1823-78 ; res. 37 vols. 

Proctor, Edna Dean, 1838 ; res. 4 
vols.; ed. 3 vols. 

Pruyn. Mrs. Mary. 1 vol. 

Pumpelly. Mrs. Mary Hollenback 
(Welles). 1803-79 : res. 4 vols. 

Putnam, Mrs. Katharine Hunt, 1793- 
1869; res. 3 vols. 

Putnam, j\Irs. Sallie A. Brock ; res. 4 
vols 

Quincy, Mrs. Ehza Susan (Morton), 
1773-1850; nat. 1 vol. 

Quincy, Eliza Susan. 1 vol. 

Eabb, M. Josephine Griffith. 1 vol. 

RadclifEe, Alida Graveraet. 4 vols. 

Ragozin, Mme. Zenaide Alexeievna. 
1835 3 vols. 

Ralston, Harriet N. ; nat. 3 vols. 

Rand. Mary Abbott. 1 vol. 

Rtinkin, Frances Wolcott. 1 vol. 

Ray, Florence T , and Ray, H. Cor- 
delia. 1 vol. 

Ray. H. Cordelia. 1 vol. 

Ra3-raond, Mrs. Evelj'n Hunt. 3 vols. 

Redtield, Jlrs. Ann Maria (Treadwell) ; 
res. 3 vols. 

Rees, Mrs. Janet E. Ruutz. 3 vols. 

Religionis, Arnica, ps. see Dodge, Mrs. 
H M. 

Re Qua, Harriet Warner. 3 vols. 

Rice, Mrs. Clark. 

Rice, Lita Angelica. 1 vol.: tr. 1 vol. 

Rice, Mary L. 1 vol. 

Rich, Mrs. Helen Hinsdale. 1 vol. 

Richards. Mrs. Cornelia Holroyd (Brad- 
ley), ps. Mrs. Planners; nat. 7 vols. 

Richardson. Mrs. Abby (Sage) ; res. 6 
vols.; ed. 2 vols. 

Richmond, Mrs. Euijhemia (.Johnson) ; 
nat. 18 vols. 

Rickoff, Bertha Monroe. 1 vol. 

Rickoff. Rebecca D. 4 vols. 

Ricord, Mrs. Elizabeth ; res. 3 vols. 



Ripley, Eliza McHatton. 1 vol. 

Ripley, Mary A. 2 vols. 

Ritchie, Mrs. Anna Cora (Ogden) Mo- 
watt, ps. Isabel ; Helen Berkley, 1834^70; 
res. 15 vols. 

Ritter, Mrs. Fanny Raymond, 1850-90. 
6 vols.; tr. 3 vols. 

Robbins, Mrs. Eliza E. 15 vols. ed. 1 
vol. 

Roberts, Miss, ps. Mrs. Nemo. 2 vols. 

Robinson, Mrs. 3Iary Stevens, ps. M. 
Chester. 1 vol. 

Robinson. _ Mrs. Therese Albertine 
Louise (von jakob), ps. Taivi, Ernst Ber- 
tholdo, 1797-1869; res. 13 vols.; tr. 4 vols. 

Rockwood, Mrs. Caroline Washburn. 
3 vols. 

Roe, Martha, i vol. 

Roe, Mary A.; nat. 3 vols. 

Rogers, Bessie C. 2 vols. 

Rohlfs, Mrs. Anna Katharine (Green). 
14 vols. 

Rollins, Mrs. Alice AVellington. 6 vols. 

Roseboro, Viola. 1 vol. 

Rosenfeld, Genie Haltzmeyer. 3 vols. 

Roundej', Mary. 1 vol. 

Rouse, Adelaide Louise, 1863; nat. 3 
vols. 

Rouse, Mrs. Lydia L. (Whipple). 13 
vols. 

Rowson, Mrs. Susanna (Haswell), 1768- 
1824; res. 11 vols.; ed. 1 vol. 

Rowley, Mary S. 3 vols. 

Royce. Naucy. 1 vol. 

Rude, Mrs. Ellen Sergeant: nat. 1 vol. 

Rumsey, Mrs. Bronson C. 1 vol. 

Rush, Mrs. Caroline E. Stevens. 2 vols. 

S. J., ps. see Tappan, Mrs. Sarah (Jack- 
son) Davis. 

Sadller, Agnes L. 4 vols. ; tr. 5 vols. 

Sadlier, Anna Theresa, 1854; res. 6 
vols ; tr. 17 vols. 

Sadlier, Mrs. Marj' Anne (Madden), 
1820; res. 31 vols: tr. 27 vols.; ed. 5 vols. 

Sage, Agnes Carr. 3 vols. 

St.^Felix, Mrs. Marie. 1 vol. 

St. John, Mrs. A. R. (Monroe); res. 1 
vol. 

St. John, Cynthia Morgan. 1 vol. 

Salmon, Lucy M. ; res. 1 vol. 

Sanborn, Katharine Abbott; nat. 7 
vols; comp. 4 vols. 

Sanford, Mrs. D. P. 7 vols. 

Sauford, Mrs. Mary Fred. 1 vol. 

Sangster, Mrs. Margaret E. (Munson), 
1838; nat. 9 vols. 

Savin, Una, p«. see Hepworth, Mrs. 
George Hughes. 

Sawtelle, H. L. 1 vol. 

Sawyer, Mrs. Caroline Mehetable 
(Fisher), 1812; res. 3 vols.; ed. 4 vols.; 
tr. 2 vols. 

SchoU, Mrs. William N. 1 vol. 

Schoolcraft, Mrs. Mary Howard; res. 
1 vol. 

Scribner, 3Irs. John W. 1 voL 



216 



New Yoek at the Woklu's Columbian Exposition. 



Scudder, Mary Hedley. 2 vols. 

Searing, Mrs. Anna E. (Pidgeon); res 
2 vols. 

Searing, Mrs. Laura Catherine (Redden), 
ps. Howard Glyndon, 1840; res. 4 vols.; 
tr. 1 vol. 

Sedgwick, Catherine Maria, 1789-1867, 
res. 20 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. 

Sedgwick, Mrs. Susan Ridley, 1789- 
1867 : res. 5 vols. 

Seelye, Mrs. Elizabeth Eggleston ; res. 
1 vol.; and Eggleston, Edward. 4 vols. 

Serrano, Mrs. Mary Jane (Christie). 1 
vol. : tr. 22 vols 

Seton. Mrs. Elizabeth Ann (Bayley), 
1774-1821 ; nat. 1 vol. 

Seward, Olive Risley. 1 vol. ; ed. 1 
vol. 

Shackleford, E. A and Sands, Miss, 
Stories by E. A. B. S. 10 vols, 

Shacklock, Caroline Baile}'. 1 vol. 

Shaw. Mrs, Clara S. Weeks. 1 vol. 

Sheldon, Grace Carew. 1 vol. 

Sheldon, Lurana W. 2 vols. 

Shepherd, Dorothea Alice, ps. see Pratt, 
Mrs. Ella (Farman). 

Sherman. jNIrs. Sarah Maria Gibson, 
181.1-78 ; nat. 1 vol. 

Sherwood, Mrs. Mary E. (Wilson), 1830; 
res. 9 vols. 

Sherwood, Mrs. Rosina (Emmet). 1 vol. 

Shirlej'. Philip, /«. see Lake, Annie. 

Sikes, Mrs Olive (Logan), 1841 ; nat. 
8 vols. 

Silliman, Mrs. Anna Strong. 1 vol. 

Silliman, Mrs. 6. S. 1 vol. 

Silsby, Mrs, Mary R. Comp. 1 vol. 

Silva, Gorham, ps. see Lawrence, Eliza- 
beth. 

Skeel, Adelaide. 1 vol. 

Skelding, Susie Barstow ; nat. Comp. 
4 vols. 

Sleight, Mary B. 6 vols. 

Slenker, Mrs. Elmina Drake ; nat. 4 
vols. 

Slick, Jonathan, ps. see Stephens, Mrs. 
Ann Sophia (Winterbotham), 

Slossou, Annie Trumbull ; res. 2 vols. 

Smiley, Sarah F. 3 vols. 

Smith, Anna R,, 1855. 1 vol. 

Smith, Clara Bickford. 1 vol. 

Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth A. : res. 3 vols. 

Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes (Prince), 
jM. Ernest Helfenstein, 1806, res. 23 vols. 

Smith, Mrs. Emehnc Sherman, 1823; 
nat. 2 vols. *.- 

Smith, Emilv James. Tr. 1 vol. 

Smith, j\lrs." Ermiunie Adelle (Piatt), 
1836-86 ; nat. 1 vol. 

Smith, Fannv Morris, 3 vols. 

Smith. Florence, 1845-71 ; nat. 1 vol. 

Smith, Helen Ainslie. 9 vols. 

Smith, Mrs. J. Luella (Dowd), 1847; 
res. 2 vols. 

Smith, Mrs. Jeanie Oliver (Davidson) ; 
nat. vols. 



Smith, Juliet C. 1 vol. 

Smith, Kate H. 1 vol. 

Smith, M, M. 1 vol. 

Smith, Mrs, Margaret T. 1 vol. 

Smith, Martha A. ; nat. 2 vols. 

Smith, Mary E. ps. Christine Fabre. 3 
vols. 

Smith, Mrs. Mary Louise (Riley), 1843 ; 
nat. 6 vols. 

Smith, Mrs, Mary Prudence (Wells), ps. 
P. Thorne, 1840 . nat. 6 vols. 

Smith, Mrs. Sarah Louisa (Hickman), 
1811-33; res. 1 vol. 

Smith, Zilpha. 1 vol. 

Snedeker, Florence Waters. 1 vol. 

Somers, Mrs. Clare F. 1 vol. 

Sophrouia, Aunt, ps. see AVright, Mrs. 
Juiia (McNair) 

Soule, Mrs. Caroline A. (White), 1824 ; 
nat. 4 vols. ; ed. 5 vols. 

Southwortb, Mrs. Emma Dorothy Eliza 
(Nevitte), 1819 ; res. 64 vols. 

Spalding, Mrs. Susan Maar ; res. 1vol. 

Sparkle, Sophy, ps. see Erkenbroch, 
Mrs. Jennie Hicks. 

Spear, Mar}' A. 1 vol 

Spellman, Mrs. Frances R. 1 vol. 

Spencer, Mrs. Cordelia Phillips ; nat. 

2 vols. 

Spencer, Louise. 1 vol. 

Spencer., Mrs. Sara Andrews, 1837 ; nat. 

3 vols. 

Spencer, Mrs. Maiy Clare; nat. 2 vols. 

Spratt, Mrs. Dora E. W. 3 vols. 

Staats, Johanna. 1 vol. 

Stanley, Charlotte M. 3 vols. 

Stanley, Kate B., ])s. see Hadley, Mrs. 
Hattie, 

Stansbury, Mary Anna Phinuey, 1843; 
nat. 1 vol. 

Stanton, Mrs. Ehzabeth (Cady), 1816; 
nat. 1 vol.; and Anthony, S. B. and 
Gage, Mrs. M. J. Ed. 1 vol. 

Starkweather, Amelia Minerva; nat. 1 
vol. 

Stebbins. Emma, 1815-83; nat. 1 vol. 

Stebbins, Genevieve. 1 vol. 

Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Moore) 
Hewitt, ps. Jane, 1800; res. 6 vols. 

Steele, Mrs. Eliza R. 4 vols. 

Steele, Mrs. Esther Baker. 10 vols.; 
joint author. 

Steele, Mrs. Frances M. ; nat., and Ad- 
ams, Mrs. E. L. (Steele). 1 vol. 

Steele, Mrs. Margaret Conkling; nat, 2 
vols.; tr. 1 vol. 

Stephens, Mrs. Ann Sophia (Winter- 
botham), 2}s. Jonathan Slick, 1813-86; res. 
25 vols. ; ed. 2 vols. 

Sterne, Stuart, ps. see Bloede, Gertrude. 

Stewart, Mrs. Electra Sheldon; nat. 1 
vol. 

Stoddard, Mrs. Elizabeth Drew (Bar- 
stow), 1833; res. 5 vols. 

Stoddard, Lavinia Stone, 1787-1823. 
1vol. 



Report of Board of Women Managers. 



217 



Stone, Mrs. Mary Amelia. 2 vols. 
Storrs, Mrs. Annie Blount. 1 vol. 
Stow, Mrs. J. W. 3 vols. 
Stranahan, Mrs. Clara Cornelia (Harri- 
son); res. 1 vol. 

Stuart, Mrs. Ruth McEuery. 2 vols. 
Stursjis, Mrs. Mary Little. 1 vol. 
Susan. Aunt, ps. see Prentiss. Mrs. 
Elizabeth (Paysou). 

Sutton, Katharine Paine. 1 vol. 
Sverdua. Mrs. Ambrose. 1 vol. 
Swanzy. Jlrs. Watie W. 1 vol. 
Swezy, Mrs. Jeunett. 1 vol. 
Tacita, ps. 1 vol. 
Taff, Matilda. 1 vol. 
Tftft, Sophia A. 1 vol. 
Talvi, p-v. see Robinson, Mrs. Therese 
Albertine Louise (von .Jakob). 
Tappan. Sarah. 1 vol. 
Tappan. Mrs. Sarah i Jackson) Bavis, 
ps. S. J.: res. 1 vol 
Taylor. Belle Gray. 1 vol. 
Taylor, Eliza Dean. 1 vol. 
Taylor, Mrs. Marie (Hansen), 1829; res. 
1 vol.: and Scudder. H. E. Ed. 4 vols.: 
tr. 6 vols. 
Taylor, Mrs. 3Iartha C. JIasters. 1 vol. 
Teii Eyck, Ehzaheth Wendell. 3 vols. 
Tenney, Mrs. Abby Gore; res. 2 vois. 
Tennev, Mrs. Sarah M. (Brownson), 
1839-76;" res. 3 vols. 

Terhune. Mrs. Mar}' Virginia (Hawcs). 
]/s. ^M.irion Harland, 1837?: res. 33 vols, 
Thalheimer, Mary Elsie. 6 vols. 
TheodoU, Lily. 1 vol. 
Thomas, Edith Matilda, 1834; res. 9 
vols. 

Thomas, Julia, and Thomas, Annie. 2 
vols. 

Thompson, Mrs. Amira. 1 vol. 
Thompson, Mary S. 1 vol. 
Thompson, Mrs. William, ps. Clara 
Belle, 1846-86; res. 1 vol. 

Thorne, P., ps. see Smith, Mrs. Mary 
Prudence (Wells). 1 vol. 
Thurston, Clara. 1 vol. 
Tiljbals, Mrs. Marion Heath, 1854; nat. 
1 vol. 

Tijrer Lily, ps. see Blake, Mrs. Lillie 
(Dev(?reuxl Umsted. 

Timlow, Mrs. Caroline E. (Wood), 1829- 
91; nat. .1 vol. 

Titcomi), Virginia Chandler. 8 vols. 
Todrig, Mrs. L. U. 2 vols. 
Tousey, Elizabeth. 1 vol. 
Townsend, Virginia F. 3 vols. 
Tracey, Sara C. Tr. 1 vol. 
Trask, Mrs. Spencer; res. 1 vol. 
Tucker, Elizabeth S. 1 vol. 
Tucker, !Mary Eliza; res. 3 vols. 
Tupper, Mrs. Edith (Sessions). 2 vols. 
TurnbuU, Mrs. Prances Litchfield; nat. 
3 vols. 

Tuttle, Mrs. Marv McArthur. 1 vol. 
Twing. Mrs. A. t. Ed. 1 vol. 
Tyler, Jessica Gilbert. Tr. 1 vol. 

2S 



Tyler, Josephine. 2 vols. 

Una, ps. see Ford, Mrs. Mary A. (Mc- 
Muliin). 

Upham, Caroline E. 1 vol. 

Upton, Mrs. Louise R. 1 vol. 

Van Allen, J. A. 1 vol. 

Vanderbilt, Mrs. Gertrude LefEerts. 4 
vols. 

Van Deusen, Mrs. Mary Westbrook. 6 
vols 

Van Kirk, Agnes. 1 vol. 

Van Nostrand, Mrs. D. H. 1 vol. 

Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King, 1848 ; 
nat 2 vols.; ed. 2 vols. 

Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Mariana (Oris- 
wold), 18.51 ; nat. 6 vols. 

Van Schaack, Eliza T. 1 vol. 

Van Wagenen. Mrs. Cornelia Pierre- 
pont. 1 vol 

Van Wagenen, Evelyn Pierrepont. 1 
vol. 

Van Woglam, Charlotte R., see Bangs, 
Mrs. Charlotte R. (Woglam). 

Vaughan, Virginia, 2 vols. 

Verdenal, Mrs, D, F.; res. 1 vol. 

Victor, Mrs. Frances Auretta (Fuller) 
BaiTett ps. Florence Fane, 1826 : nat. 9 
vols.; and Victor, JNlrs M. V. (Fuller). 2 
vols. 

Victor. Mrs. Metta Victoria (Fuller), ps. 
j\Irs. Mark Peabody : Seeley Register ; 
Singing Sybil, 1831-85 ; res. 21 vols., and 
VictorrMrs. F. A (Fuller) Ed. 1 mag. 

Vingut Mrs. Gertrude (Fairfield), 1830; 
res. 3 vols. ■ ed. 1 vol. 

Vining, Helen Sherwood. 2 vols. 

Virginia, Cousin, ps. see Johnson, Vir- 
ginia Wales. 

W. M. L. J,, ps. see Woodruff, Jirs. J. 
L M. 

Wadsworth, Olive A., ps. see Dana, 
Mrs. Katherine Floyd. 

Wagnalls, Mabel 1 vol. 

WaHace, Mrs, E. D. 1 vol. 

Walsh, Mme. Marie. 5 vols. 

Walworth, Mrs. Ellen (Hardin), 1832 ; 
res. 3 vols. ; ed. 1 mag. 

Walworth, Ellen Hardin, the Younger, 
1858 ; nat. 3 vols. 

Walworth, Mrs. Jeaunette Ritchie (Had- 
ermann), 1837 ; res. 18 vols. 

Walworth, Reubena Hyde, 1867 ; res. 
1 vol. 

Wandle, J. T. 8 vols. 

Ware, Mrs. Katharine Augusta 
(Rhoades), 1797-1843; res. 1 vol.; ed. 1 
vol. 

Warner, Anna Barlett, ps. Amy Loth- 
rop, 1820; nat. 30 vols.; and Warner, 
Susan. 30 vols. 

Warner, Helen P. 4 vols. 

Warner, Lucy Hamilton. 1 vol. 

Warner, Susan, ps. Ehzaheth Wether- 
ell, 1819-85 ; nat. 38 vols. 

W^ashhurn, E, W. 1 vol. 

Washburn, Mrs. J. A. I. 1 vol. , 



218 



Nnw ^'()i:k at 'I'iiv; Woui.d's (1oliimi)I(\n Exi'osttion. 



Waslibuni, .Iciiii HriK-'c, 2 vols. 

VViislil)urii, jMr.s. Miriiuii Sloi'i'.s; viw. I 
vol. 

WashiiiKtoii, Mis. \Awy II. (VViilkcr); 
ri's. 3 vols. 

Wulonniiii, iMiu-niiri't I'. Tr. 1 vol, 

VViiUinimii, iMi's! Miiry Bissoll, ]h;!(!-8(). 

vols. 

Wiilcrs, Mrs. ('liira (lOvsUiiic) (Uciiicnl., 
lH;t-l. H vols.; mill IliiMoii, Liiwnwic.i', 

1 vol.; I.r. a vols.; cd. I vol, 

VViil.soii, Aii(4'usUi Ciuiiiibcll, 1859; iial.. 
1 vol. 

WaiiKli, Ilia. 1 vol. 

Wiaivci'. Mrs. Anna I). I vol, 

WiM'il, VAU. I vol. 

Weoil, Kiiiily Stuart. I vol. 

Wi'lliT, Ciitliciiiio. .1 vol. 

Wi'llc!!', Eli/.abctli, ps. sou Luwniiu^o, 
mizaliotli. 

Wells, Mm. Lilian F. !i vols. 

Welsh, lOiunia A. 3 vols. 

Wiist, Mortlia. 1 vol. 

Wi'sloott, Mavfjiirct. I vol. 

Weston, Mrs. Mary ('atlicrino (North), 
183!)-H3; iiat. 7 vols. 

WetliLToll, Elizabeth, pn. hvv. Warner-, 
Susan. 

Wliealoii, (':iiii|ibi'll, /M. see ( 'uiiipliell, 
Mrs. Helen. 

Wlieeler, Mrs. Caiiilaec. I vol. 

WlieeloeU, Jnliii Manlier. 1 vol. 

Wliileher, Mrs. h'raiiees Miriam (Herry), 
p.i. Kraiik, 1813-53; iiat. J! vols. 

Whileher, Mrs. Martha. N. (Ward); nat. 
3 vols. 

Whiteoinli, Ilia. I vol. 

White, Mrs. .\le.\iiia (Mense); nut. I 
vol. 

White, Mine. I,. \.. il. 187!). 1 vol. 

While, Mr.s. Hhoila KH/.abeth (Water- 
man), /in. Uiii'le Hen; nat. 5 vols. 

Wliitoii, Mary H.; res. ICil. I vol. 

Whittlesey, Mrs. A. G. JCil. 1 nni.u-. 

Wieks, Mrs Mary Head; nat. I vol. 

VViekes, Mrs. Cyntliia-i I vol. 

Wiel.iii!;-, Mary lOli/ahetli. I vol. 

Wiuu'ln, ]\Ii's. Kale Doiiu'las. 7 vols. 

Wiiliour, ('harlotle lieebe, I vol. 

Wilcox, Mrs. Klla (Wheeler), |S.|,5; res. 
]l vols. 

Wildriek, Mrs. Marion (Wliite); res. A. 
vols. 

Wilkins, Kva. I! vols. 

Wilkinson, Mrs. Klla (('nine). 3 vols. 

Willaril, Mrs. lOniina (Hart), 1787-1870; 
res. 34 vols.; and Woodbridg'e, W. C. 
!i vols. 

Willard, Kriinees Kli/abetli. IHlill; nat. 
(i vols. 

\Villiird, Kate I,iviii,n'ston, I vol. 

Williams, Mrs. Fanny .lohnsou; nat. 1 
imni. 



Williams, llarriette K,; and Warlow, 
Mary S., and Peek, W. M. 1 vol. 

Williams, lAiey l<\ird. 1 vol. 

Willianw, Mr,s. Martha MeCulloeh. 1 
vol. 

Williams, Mrs. Ma,rthu (Noyes), IHUi- 
7!); nat. 3 vols. 

Williams, Mrs. Mary .1. (Downer). I 
vol . 

Williams, Mrs. Klioby (Serainling). I.S-ll); 
nat. ;! vols. 

Williams, Mrs. Sophia Wells (Koyee), 
1850; nat. 3 vols. 

Williams, Mrs. 'riieodoro ('. Oonip. 1 
vol. 

Willing, Mrs. .leiinie Fowler; res. 
vols.; a.nd Clemens, Mrs. F. .1. I vol. 

Willis, .Iidia A., ps. sue Kenii)shall, 
.lulia A. 

Willis, Mrs. Novo M. 3 vols. 

Willson, ,Mrs. Arabella M. (Stuart). I! 
vols. 

Wilson, Filitli. I vol. 

Wing, Mrs. Amelia Kem])shall; nal. I 
vol. 

Winter, Mrs. AVilliain, /«. lOll/alietli 
('anipbell. H vols. 

Winslow, .Margaret K. 3:! vols. lOd. 
I vol. 

Witherspoon. 10. S. 3 vols. 

WoodrulV, Mrs. .1. L. M. /«. W. M. L. .i. 
5vi)ls.; il'iiiiillon, A. F., and others. I vol. 

Wright, Kli/.abeth V. 1 vol. 

AVright, Henrietta Christian; mil. (i 
vols. 

Wright, Mrs. .Inlia (MeNuir), pn. Aunt 
Sophronia, 18.|0; nal. 8;) vols. Clomp. 3 
vols. 

Wright, Mrs. 'riiomas. I vol. 

Woman's haw ('la.ss. I vol. 

W omen's Li I era ry Club, Dunkirk, N. ^'.. 
see Dunkirk, N. \'., Women's Literary 
(llnb. 

Wood, Aliee. and I'erkins, Kose, and 
Perkins, A. .1. T. I vol. 

AVoodbridge, Aliliy Dwiglil, ISdS-dO. 
I vol. 

Woods, Mrs, Kate 'raiiiialt. I vol. 

Woodward. Mrs. Fli/.a .\. ('\\'oodliiiry). 
I vol. 

Yawger,- Kose N. I vol. 

Yeehton, Harbar.'i, /«. see Kraiise, 
Lyihi K. 

Yendes, Lucy A. I vol, 

Yewrownekie, Aunt, yw. see Hliiiii, Mrs. 
Franees (Jray. 

Wmnians, lOli/.ii .\iin, 1S37; mil. 5 
vols.; ed. 1 vol.; Ir. I vol. 

Young, Mrs. .Inlia iOvelyn (Ditto). IS57; 
nat. 1 vol. 

Zerega., Mrs. Katharine Herrv di. I \'ol. ; 
tr. 1 vol. 

Anonymous. 11 vols. 



REPORT OX THE AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. 



By JAMES WOOD, Mouxt Kisco, Director in Chief. 



In July, 1892, the World's Fair managers for the State of Kew York 
requested Mr. James AYood, of Mount Kisco, to take charge of the 
work of preparing and installing New York's agricultural exhibit at 
the Cohmibian Exposition, with the title of director iu chief, and the 
duties of the position were entered upon the iirst of August. The 
l)oard appointed as secretary of the bureau, Francis L. Underhill, of 
M(_)unt Kisco. The State Agricaltural Society was requested to 
recommend a competent person, familiar with the agriculture of the 
State, who could render effective assistance in the collection of the 
exhibits, and its executive board proposed Col. Hezekiah Bowen, of 
Medina, Orleans county, who had long been connected with the State 
fairs as general superintendent, and who was at once appointed for the 
service indicated. 

It was determined that the exhibit should, if possible, be made to 
illustrate the State's varied agricultural interests. In the almost end- 
less variety of these jS^ew York is peculiar. The districts of the Miss- 
issippi valley and the JHocky Mountain slopes have taken from her a 
great share of the grain growing and the meat production that were 
once of paramount importance, but the intelligence and enterprise of 
her people have sought and developed a great variety of other interests 
until our agriculture has l^ecome the most diversified of any upon the 
American continent, and is surpassed hy that of but few countries in any 
portion of the earth. The sum of the valiies of these varied interests 
makes the State still, as it long has been, the foremost of the sisterhood 
in agricultural production. Extending from the Atlantic ocean to the 
Great Lakes, with an unusual range in eleva*"ions from its sea level to 
its extended valleys, its broad table lands and higli mountain slopes, 
with great differences in exposures, and with an unusual variety of 
geological formations and consequent diversity of soils, the State is 
fitted for growing almost ever\' crop and every variety of fruit found 
anywhere within the earth's temperate zone, while every domestic 
animal of special value to mankind can be reared M'ithin her borders 
and fitted for its greatest possible usefulness. 

This diversity made the ^vork of securing an adequate representation 
at the exposition one of peculiar difficulty. The difficulty was increased 
by the fact that om* farmers could have but little personal interest in 
the State's exliibit as compared with that of their brethren in the 
western States where the attraction of emigration is considered of such 
great importance. New settlers are not looked for here, and the value 
of our lands is not so much dependent on such influences. The results 
achieved at such comparatively moderate expense have shown that the 
public spirit of our people accomplishes more than do the considera- 
tions of personal gain. 



b 



220 jSTew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exp(jsition. 

The means employed for securing exhibits ^vere various. Individuals 
whose crops of products were known to ha\'e special value were 
addressed liy letter, the officers of the county agricitltural societies 
were asked to co-operate, and many of the prize exhibits at the county 
fairs were secured, while Col. Bowen personally visited many of the 
most important districts of the State. All the exhibits obtained were 
forwarded by express to a commodions warehouse in the city of 
Rochester, where each was carefully inspected, and snch as had no 
special merit were rettirned to their senders, while all that were 
approved were thoroughly cleaned and iitted for exhibition. Tliis was 
a laborious matter, requiring mttch skill and sjjecial care accurately to 
preserve identity and to prevent any mixing. This work was satisfac- 
torily done by Col. Bowen and his assistants. 

In collecting exhibits it was deemed of great importance to obtain 
every item of information concerning each that any intelligent investi- 
gator cotild desire. A mere display is of very little consequence. The 
educational value of an exhibit mainly determines its importance. 
With this object in view it was ascertained, often with great labor, the 
kind and character of soil upon which the crops were grown, the date of 
planting, the method of cultivation, date of harvesting and yield per 
acre, with the weight per bushel, together with the elevation of the 
locality, the average annual temperature, the average rain-fall, the 
average snow-fall, and whether the crop was produced by irrigation. 
The secretary of the bureau worked out much of the meteorological 
information from the voluminous reports made to State institutions 
and to the general government. 

In preparing for the display of the exhibits at the Exposition it was 
consiclered of the first importance to so present every exhibit that its 
individual merits could be readily seen and thoroughly examined. The 
temptation of seeking for massed eif ects was avoided and show-cases of 
original design were constructed of polished oak and clear glass, while 
the grains were shown in boxes with plate glass sides so as to let each 
kernel and berry be seen in its true proportions without the distortion 
in\-ariably produced by glass in bottles or in any tubular form. These 
cases and boxes proved to be most satisfactory for the purposes desired. 

The collected exhibit of grains, grasses and grass seeds was sent to 
Chicago in one shipment from Rochester by the middle of March, 
1893. The show-cases were speedily put in place and the exhibits 
installed as rapidly as was consistent with accuracy and careful classiii- 
cation. The work was completed and the whole display ready for 
inspection by May iirst, the date announced for the opening of the Expo- 
sition. It is believed that this was the only State or National exhibit 
in the Agricultural Building that was in perfect order by the appointed 
time. .^- 

In addition to the wide range of exhibits in grain, grass seeds, held 
peas and beans, it is proper to make special mention of a very com- 
plete and valuable collection of the grasses of the State, admirably 
prepared by Daniel Batcheler of Utica. Besides the specimens of 
grass in suitable bunches, the seed of each variety was shown attached 
to white card-board by transparent glue, furnishing every facility for 



Report ox the Agricultural Exhibit. 221 

the careful study of eacli of the great nninber of varieties shovi n. 
Another vahiable collection of grasses was contributed by Peter Hend- 
erson it Co., from their farm in Rockland eonnty. Mention shonld 
also be made of the fine collection of samples of maple and sorgluim 
syrnps and sugars, ilhistrating an important interest in several portions 
of the State. The tobacco growers of the Onondaga district prepared 
a most creditable display, and the pressed contents of one of their large 
cases was admirably shown in a glass case constructed sjjecially for the 
purpose. An interesting exhibit of flax and flax products was made show- 
ing the complete plant as grown in the field and during every stage of 
treatment and manufacture up to the beautiful household goods 
f(_)ritierly so extensively made in the farm houses of the State. A fine 
display of hops was made from the central portions of the State. A 
detailed list of individual exhibits will be found elsewhere, but a special 
mention should be made of tlie collection of the soils of the State made 
by the officers of the Experiment Station at Geneva, whose director, 
Dr. Peter Collier, in this exhibit and in numerous other ways, added 
to the value of the State's display. 

Tlie completed exhibit comprised 120 samples of oats. 172 samples 
of wheat, 113 samples of rye, 111 samples of barley, 20S ears of corn, 
151 samples of shelled l)arley, 97 samples of beans, 19 samples of peas, 
12 samples of flax seed, 88 samples of nuts, 108 samples of grasses, 53 
samples of grass seed in hulk, S ginseng roots, 1 sample of teasels, 5 
samples of broom corn, 7 samples of maple sugar, 7 samples of maple 
syrup, 6 samples of sorglnmi syrup, 1 sample of sorghum sugar, 1 
sample of amber cane, 19 samples of soils. 

There were also shown twelve admirable photograplis of large size, 
illustrating the cultivation and gathering of hops. Another interesting 
collection of pliothographs showed tlie buildings and grounds of the 
Geneva Experiment Station. Every exhibit had plainly placed upon 
it a clearly printed card giving the full information already mentioned. 

The Wool Exhibit. 

The State's wool exhibit was entirely complete, comprising a fleece 
of an aged ram and a yearling ram. an aged ewe and a yearling ewe of 
every pure breed in the State. These fleeces represented all the 
families of Merinos bred for flneness, for length of staple or weight of 
fleece, all the Down breeds and all the long wool breeds. It might 
have been enlarged by duplication, but its value as an exhibit would 
not have been at all increased thereby. Another interesting and 
important featui-e of the exhibit was a complete collection of the wools 
of the State, arranged in commercial grades. This was prepared by 
the MacNaughton Company of New York city. 

It was a matter of regret that the cases in which avooI was shown 
were fnrnished by the Department of Agriculture under a contract, in 
the making of which exhibitors had no voice. These cases were very 
poi:>rly adapted to the purpose for which they were used and showed 
their contents very unsatisfactorily. At the close of the exposition a 
number of the fleeces were stolen from the cases. This was the only 
loss of the kind sustained by any department of the State's exhibit. 



222 New Yijrk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



The Potato Exhibit. 

The potato crop is an exceedingly important one in onr State, and it 
was deemed desirable to illustrate it by a display commensurate with 
its importance. The ai-rangements for this were placed in the charge 
of M. F. Pierson of Seneca Castle, and the excellence of his work was 
shown by the extent, high (]uality and great interest of the display, 
made in September. The exhibit was limited to 100 varieties of 
greatest excellence and was mainly coniined to the ten leading market 
varieties grown in the chief potato districts of the State. The speci- 
mens were grown under contract in widely separated localities so as to 
ensure, in one place or another, the conditions that would be favorable 
for both yield and quality. This distribution of growth proved very 
advantageous. 

The space for showing the potatoes was rather cramped, but the dis- 
play was a very fine one and attracted much attention. The most 
complete information was given with every specimen exibited. Sales 
for seed, etc., were made to the amount of $130.69. 




X 
X 






< 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT A, AGRICULTURE. 



COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. 



GROUPS 1 AND 5. CEEEALS, GRASSES AND MISCELLANEOUrS FARM 

PRODUCTS. 



Ackley, H, C, Hubbarrlsvillc : wheat. 

Acre, V. A., Shelby C'eutre : wheat. 

Ainsburger, Taylor, Hopewell Centre ; 
oats. 

Aldrich, Charles H., Mattituck ; oats. 

Aldridge, A. G., Victor; corn, be.ans, 
oats, wheat, rye, buckwheat. 

Allen, Thos., Chippewa Bay; wheat, 
fla.x. 

Allis, Clark, Medin?, ; oats. 

AUis, E. E., Barre Centre ; peas. 

Amos, Benj., Millville ; barley, oats. 

Andrews, John A., Knowlesville ; 
wheat. 

Andrews, Joseph, Ithaca ; barleJ^ 

Andrews, Wm.. Bristol ; barley. 

Ansley, Mark, Seneca Castle ; corn. 

Ansley, Frank S., Hillsborough ; beans. 

Archer, W. G., Clifton Springs ; beans, 
corn. 

Austin, Ira, Lowville ; wheat, oats. 

Axtell, H. & F.. Knowlesville; wheat, 
corn. 

Babcoek & Burch, Brookfield ; corn. 

Bacon, T. A., Medina; wheat. 

Eagerly, B.W., Clifton Springs ; wheat, 
barley. 

Baker, J. O. , Aurelius ; wheat. 

Baker, J. H., Aurelius; barley. 

Baker, A. D., xVurelius ; oats and corn. 

Baldwin, L. M., Canandaigua ; wheat. 

Balliett. N. F., McDougals ; wheat. 

Biilliett, E. C, McDougals; wheat, 
beaus, corn. 

Barcla}', Aimer, Lyons ; barley. 

Barker, T. W., Clifton Springs ; wheat, 
oats. 

Ba rnes, William D ., Middle Hope ; corn . 

Bartlett, A. J., Kendia ; wheat. 

Batehelor, Dan'l, Utica ; grasses. 

Bates, Geo., Cambria ; corn. 

Beaver, Harry, Lyndonville ; wheat. 

Beck, S., Lakevilie ; oats. 

Bellinger, J. G.. Herkimer; wheat. 

Bennett, A.. Medina ; wheat, oats. 

Bcrgeman, G., Yates; peas. 

Berry man, J. A., Geneva; oats. corn. 

Biu'clow. Geo., Belleville; barley. 

Black, W. F., Billsborough ; wheat, 
barley, corn. 



Blauchard, Flint, Jamestown; wheat, 
rye. 

Blanchard, Geo., Lyndonville ; peas. 

Blumenstock, J. , Buel ; corn. 

Bonnell. Geo. A., Waterloo; ccn, oats. 

Bonnell, H. S., Waterloo; beans, buck- 
wheat, wheat, barley, corn. 

Boweu, H. S.. Newport; corn. 

Boj'ce, E. W., Schoharie; wheat. 

Boyce, W. F., Knowlesville; oats. 

Bradley, J. D., Lyons; barley. 

Brewer, Edgar, Enfield Center; oats. 

Briglyu, Edward, Orleans; corn. 

Brown, R. R., & Son, Carlton; peas. 

Brown, E. C, Rochester; beans, bar- 
ley, oats. 

Brown. John, Warsaw; oats. 

Brumaghim, A., Fonda; broom corn. 

Brundage, A. C, Bath; wheat. 

Bryan, Geo., Savona; corn. 

Buchau, W. S., Hopewell Center; oats, 
corn. 

Budd, Geo., Eniield Falls; barlej^ corn. 

Burch, J., Medina; wheat, barley, oats. 

Burch. Philo. Carlyon; beans. 

Burroughs. Alden, Leon; wheat. 

Callraan, John, Hopewell Centre; corn. 

Callman, J. M., Caledonia; corn. 

Camenga, J. D,, Brookfield; corn. 

Cammett, S. H., Hopewell; buckwhei;t. 

Campbell, Cullen, Tallman; oats. 

Carman, John. Porterville; oats. 

Carpenter, C. E., Dundee; corn. 

Case, Seward W., Orleans; wheat, corn, 
oats. 

Chamberlayne, Geo., Southport; corn. 

Chanhara, James, Knowlesville; peas. 

Chapin, Willard, Castile ; barley, corn, 
oats. 

Chapman, P. B., Chapinsville; wheat, 
oats. 

Childs, W. E., Seneca Castle; barley, 
oats, beans. 

Church, Perry, Millville; wheat, oats. 

Clark, A. Mead, Bedford; wheat. 

Clark, C. E.. Rushville; wheat. 

Clark, Daniel. Lyndonville; corn. 

Clark, John, Bedford; oats. 

Clark, Luther, Trumbull Corners; 
beans. 



224 New York at the World's Coltjmbiai^' Exposition. 



Clark, W. P., Wnddington; corn. 

Cliirk, W. P., WasUingtonville; oats, 
corn. 

Clark, V. W., West Bethauj-; barley. 

Clarke, Geo. S., Milton; corn. 

Cochran, Peter, Medina; wheat, barley. 

Collins, Charlotte, Victor; oals. 

Connell, Frank, De Ruyter; corn. 

Conover, Edwin. Carlyou; beans. 

Cook, H. C, Dundee; wheat, buck- 
wheat. 

Cook, W. E., Flint; oats. 

Coolidge, Chas,, Phelps; rj'C, oats, 
beans, corn. 

Coon, Alex., Medina; wheat, beans. 

Coon, Wm., Peun Yan; wheat. 

Coon, U. G., Medina; wheat, barley, 
oats. 

Cornish, Hiram, Newfield; wheat. 

Corwiu, O., Phelps; oats. 

Core}', Mrs. Amelia, West Fayette; 
barley. 

Cossitt, Davis, Onondaga; wheat, bar- 
ley. 

Crosier, Adam, Stiinley; barley. 

Cumming, Arthur, Cuylerville; oats, 
peas, beans, corn. 

Cummings, Peter, Schoharie; corn. 

Curtis, George M., Gates ; wheat. 

Danolds, A. A., Medina; barley, oats 

Davis, Eobert O., Ballston; wheat. 

Davison, G. H., Millbrook; corn. 

Dayton, Josiah, East Hampden; wheat, 
corn. 

Decker. Geo. W., Monticello; corn. 

Densmore, Thomas, Flint; buckwheat. 

Deual, Stephen T., Little Kest; oats. 

De Rider, J. S., Charlton; oats. 

Deyo, L. E., Clinton Dale; corn. 

Didama. J. E., Medina; wheat. 

Diefendorf, W. W., Fort Plain; corn. 

Donald, A., Horseheads; grasses. 

Doody, J. C, Medina; wheat, barley, 
beans. 

Dorf, George, Elba; oats. 

Dorman W., Billsborough; corn. 

Drus, Edward, Speneerport; beans. 

Duncan, A., Owego; buckwheat. 

Eastman, C. F.. Woodville; corn. 

Elderkin, S. H., Cooperstown; corn. 

Eldridge, A. J., Leon; corn. 

Eldridge, Williaiu, AngeUca; corn. 

Elwell, W. G., Reed's Corners; wheat. 

Erving, George, Sodiis Point; nuts. 

Esi^ensheid, U. , Sodus; barley. 

Ferguson, Edward, Orleans; barley, 
corn. __- 

Ferguson, R. B., Orleans; corn. 

Ferguson, Samuel, Orleans; oats. 

Ferguson, Sumner, Orleans; corn. 

Finnegan, T., Brookfleld; barley. 

Fish, J. F., Waterloo; wheat, oats. 

Fisher, Albert, Ithaca; corn. 

Fisher, George, Hendy Creek; rye. 

Fisher, H. W., South Bloomfield; flax. 

Fisher, J. C, Ridgeway; wheat, oats. 



Fisher, R..G., Millers; corn. 

Fisher, W. H., Delhi; wheat, oats, corn. 

Flagler, Fred R., Mechanicville; oats. 

Fletcher, James H. , Waterport; peas, 
beans. 

Florey, Cubit, Shelby Centre; peas. 

Folts, W. P., Herkimer; wheat. 

Ford, S., Elba; wheat. 

Posbinder, Charles F., Medina; wheat, 
oats. 

Fox, David, Suffern; wheat. 

Fox, William, Medina; wheat, oats. 

Fox. William, Clifton Springs; wheat, 
barley, corn, oats. 

Frear, Alex., Ithaca; wheat, corn. 

Frisbie, Osmond, Westport; barley. 

Fuller, George H. , Medina ; oats, beans, 
corn. 

Fuller, H. B., Lyudonville; i^eas, oats. 

Fuller, Myron, Medina; wheat, barley, 
oats, corn. 

Galusha, Geo., Orleans; corn. 

Gage, Edwin L., De Ruyter; wheat, 
oats. 

Gardner, J., Lyons; barley, 

Geuung, Jarvis, Itliaea; wheat. 

Gillett, A. M., Knowlesville; peas. 

Gillett, Willis A., Medina; wheat. 

Gillett, E. M., Oak Orchard; beans. 

Gotts, Albert G. , Medina; wheat, oats, 
beans, harlej'. 

Gould, H. D., Yates; beans. 

Grant, Allen, Danby; buckwheat, oats. 

Gray, C. W., Rochester; peas. 

Gray, Fred. , Jeddo; wheat, oats, beans. 

Gray, Geo., Millvilie; wheat, barley. 

Gray, JohuH.. Millvilie; barley. 

Gra}-, James H., Lima; wheat. 

Gre.gory, Chas. P., Geneva; wheat, bar- 
ley, peas, oats, corn. 

Greene, Wm., Jit. Kisco; corn. 

Griilin, Edward, OwegO; corn. 

Griffin, Wm. J , Broadalbin; oats. 

Griffis, J. M., Adams ville; buckwheat. 

Grilfith, B. F., Wyoming; wheat. 

Grimes, Wm., Oak Orchard; peas. 

Grinell, W. H., Pierrepont Manor; rye. 

Grinnell, A. D., East Shelby; barley. 

Haight, Clark, Oak Summit; barley. 

Hall, P. A., Seneca Castle; corn. 

Ham, Henry, Lyndonville; wheat, co:a 

Hamilton, Wm., Caledonia; wheat, 
barley. 

Hamilton, Wm. V., Caledonia; barley, 

Harmon, John, Chatham; flax. 

Harmon, Phrebe, Red Rock; flax, 

Htirte, Geo., Speneerport; oats, corn. 

Hartman, Warren, Kingsburj'; barley. 

Hasbroaek, Hiram, Lloyd; rye. 

Haslett, Edwin, Seneca; oats, barley. 

Havens, John S., Patehogue; wheat, 
corn. 

Haverling, Geo. S., Bath; corn. 

Haviland & Hull, Glens Falls; buck 
wheat. 

Haviland, Perani, Glens Falls; corn. 



Eepoet ox the AcrEicuLTrnAL Exhibit. 



2^5 



Hafiland, "tt". J. . Glens Falls; rye, oats, 
corn. 

Hawley, 31. L., LvnJonvillc; -svbeat, 
teans, corn, oats. 

Heath, Eugene, Shortsvillc; oats. 

Hedges, Abram E.. East Hunipton; corn. 

Hedges. Wm. A., East Hampton; oats. 

Heinstreet. Amos, Charleston Four Cor- 
ners; buckwheat. 

Hear}-, Geo., Chapinsville: corn. 

Hibbard, C. M., Sprout Brook; -n-heat, 
oats, beans, corn. 

Hill, A. L., Kjiowltsville; wheat, bar- 
ley, oats. 

Hill, Ed. S., Peruville; buckwheat. 

HHl, H. C, Clifton Springs; beans. 

Hill, Kate B., Medina; wheat, barley, 
beans, oats. 

Hill, S. 8., it Son, Knowlesville; wheat, 
peas, oats. 

Hisert, Geo., Mohawk; corn. 

Hoag, J. E., Easton; corn. 

Hocroff, R. M., Hopewell; wheat, corn. 

Hogan, Clarence. \Vaterloo; wheat, oats. 

Holland, James, Seneca Castle; corn. 

Hopkins, F. B.. B.ith; corn. 

Hopkins, F. E., ilillville; wheat, barley. 

Hopkins. Geo., Ithaca; corn. 

Horn, Henry, Lyons; wheat. 

Horning, A., Piielps; wheat. 

Howard, J. E., Canandaigua; beans. 

Howard, "\V. A., Albion; barley. 

Howarth, Edward, Lockport;' Alsike 
clover. 

Howe, D. C, Weedspoit; corn. 

Howell, S. D., Millville; wheat, beans, 
barley, oats, corn. 

Howell & Sears, Blooming Grove; 
wheat. 

Howland. John, Gloversville; rye, oats, 
corn, buckwheat. 

Hutchinson, A., Gaines; beans. 

Isham, W. B., Xew York city; rye, 
oats. 

Ives, F. O., South Easton ; corn. 

James, A. D. , Knowlesville; peas. 

Johnson, Erastus, Spring Valley ; oats. 

Johnson, Seymour P., East Schuyler; 
beans. 

Jolly, Isaac, West Fayette ; wheat, bar- 
ley, corn, seed. 

Jones, John Vt'., Elmira ; wheat, rye. 

Jones, Prosser, Seneca Castle ; buck- 
wheat. 

Jones, R. H.. Clifton Springs : oats. 

Keefe. C, Shelby Cenlve ; beans. 

Kennedy, C. B.." Belleville ; barley. 

King, H. W.. Urlians ; barlej'. 

Kin'r, T. H.. Trumanshurffh ; com. 

Kingsford, Thomas, & Son, Oswego; 
(vheat, barley, rye. corn. 

Knapp, A. X., Seneca Castle; corn. 

Knapp. Silas, Middleport; corn. 

Kosky, Stephen, Ithaca; wheat, beans. 

Kress, Edward, Spencerport; beans. 

Lake, John AV , Medina; wheat. 

29 



Laub, D. A., Waterloo ; wheat, barley, 
corn. 

La Jlonte, C. M., Owego ; wheat, oats. 

Lanniug, Jolm AV., Ithaca ; corn, oats. 

Larrison, J. J., Blodget's Mills; beans, 
oats, corn, buckwheat. 

Lasher, Xelson. Croadall)in ; corn. 

Leach. A., Lyons; barley. 

Lee, C. L., EUisburgh ; wheat, oats. 

Lee, F. L., EUisburgh ; corn. 

Lee, Eugene, EUisburgh ; rye, oats. 

Lee, Ora, Millville ; beans. 

Lee, R. M., .South Bloomtield ; corn. 

Leonard. Chas., Shelby Centre; wheat, 
barley, oats, beans. 

Leuihersich, David, Caledonia; corn. 

Leutz, Wm., Lockport ; wheat. 

L'Hommiedieu, W. L., Medina; barlej', 
corn, oats. 

Lincoln, O. M., l^ewark ; barley. 

Lindke, W., Shelby Centre ; wheat, 
oats. 

Link, W. H., Reeds Corners; corn. 

Little, Malcom. Malcorae ; syrup. 

Lobbett, J. J., Xorth Ridgeway; wheat, 
oats. 

Longwell, Carver ; Bradford ; corn. 

Loveland Albert. Albion ; corn. 

Low. Manford, Leon ; oats. 

Lowman. F. C. Xiehols ; corn. 

Luttentou, J. H., East Carlton; rye, 
corn, beans, buckwheat. 

McAvoy, J. Mc, Medina; barlej". 

McBain, A. D., Brockport ; beans. 

McCann, John, Elmira ; oats, cora. 

McCann, .James D., Elmira ; beans. 

3IcCarty, Milan, Throopville ; corn. 

McCarger, P. R., Shelby Centre; wheat, 
barle\-. 

Jlctawley, Miss M., Clifton Springs ; 
wheat. 

McClure, J. O., Warsaw; corn. 

3IcCollough, Andrew, Monticello ; 
buckwheat. 

ilcCormick, Adelbert, Medina ; wheat. 

McHenry, G. P., South Port ; tobacco. 

McGrain, D., McDougals ; corn. 

McKeel. Isaac, Poplar Ridge; syrup. 

Mcilillen. James, Fairport ; syrup. 

JIcNall, W. C, Albion ; wheat, corn, 
beans. 

McPherson, D., Caledonia; corn. 

McVean, J. J., Johnstown ; rye, oats, 
corn; 

Mack, J. W.. Albion ; wheat, corn. 

3Iackey, D. D., Highland ; whe:it, oats, 
corn. 

Marsh, David. Cuylerville : corn. 

Marshall, B., Waterloo; wheat, 'barley, 
oats. 

^lason. Franklin, De Ruyter ; oats. 

Mjynard. Mrs. O. E., Waterloo; corn. 

^iiflcr. E. D.. ilillers ; buckwheat. 

Miller. Harmon. Lyons ; wheat, corn. 

Miller, .James, Penn Yan ; wheat. • 

Miller, .John W., Palatine Bridge; rye. 



226 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Minser, Richard, Sulleru ; buckwheat, 
rye. 

Mitchell, Frauk, Ithaca; buckwheat. 

Mix, Chas. N. , Albion ; corn. 

Moak, Wm., Lyons ; barley, 

Moore, J. S., Medina ; wheat, pea,s, oats. 

Moore, Reuben, Chatham ; rye, oats, 
corn. 

Morgan, Geo., Easton ; corn. 

Morse, Edward H., Canandaigua ; 
barley. 

Murdock, Fred., Medina; barley. 

Murphy, Arthur, Seneca Castle ; corn. 

Nellis, John W., Palatine Bridge ; rye, 
corn. 

Newcomb, A. J., FHut; ooru. 

Newell, E. S. , De Ruyter ; oats. 

Newell, Rodger, Huron ; barley. 

Newland, Will., Orleans; oats. 

Newman, Wm. O., Ithaca; corn. 

Newton, John, Hopewell Centre ; 
wheat, barlej', corn. 

Nichols, Scott, Adamsville ; rye, corn. 

Nichols, Peter P., Lewis ; rye". ' 

Norris, A. H. , Morgan ville ; barley. 

Nuteaway, Robert, Schoharie; rye. 

Ontario County Exhibit ; peas. 

Orleans County Exhibit ; peas, beans, 
corn. 

Oxner, J. S., New Haven; corn. 

Paine, E. C. , Albion ; corn. 

Paine, John. Geneva ; beans. 

Paine, John, Greece ; wheat, barley, 
beans, oats. 

Paine, F. W., Albion; beans. 

Parker, T. F.. CUiftou Springs; oats. 

Payne, George, Billsborough ; wheat, 
beans. 

Pearson, Albert, Gorham ; wheat. 

Pease, William B.,Lockport; wheat, 
barlejf, oats, corn. 

Peck, A. J., JMcdina ; wheat, oats. 

Pelton Bros., Mouticello ; oats. 

Pelton, P. R., JMonticello ; rye. 

Pendry, Wm. H., Albion ; wheat, oats. 

Perry, R. M., Medina; wheat. 

Pettit, Henry, Medina ; wheat, oats. 

Pickett, Daniel. Millville ; wheat, 
barley, oats, corn, beans. 

Pierce, Romanzo. Lyndonville ; oats. 

Pierson, M. F., Seneca Castle; wheat, 
buckwheat, corn, beans, oats. 

Pomei'oy, Norman, Lockport ; buck- 
wheat, beans. 

Pratt, L., County Line ; beans. 

Pratt, W. W., Ridgeway ; wheat. 

Preston, E., Pfttsford ; oats, beans, 
peas. 

Printof , Chief, Sanborn ; corn. 

Quinn, E. R., Waterloo ; buckwheat, 
corn. 

Raymond, E. A., Bedford ; rye. 

Reed, M. B. , Medina ; oats. 

Reed, N. T. , Lowville ; corn. 

Reid, Joseph, Millville ; wheat. 

Reissugue, J., Blaine ; corn. 



Beissugue, J., North Ridgeway ; buck- 
wheat. 

Reissugue, R., Millers ; peas, 

Reynolds, Iliram, Medina , wheat, 

Rhoades, Cj'rus R. , Leon ; buckwheat. 

Rhodes, Lorenzo, liindsburg ; wheat. 

Roberts, D. L., Royalton Centre; 
beans. 

Robinson, H. 51., Cortland; barlej'. 

Roe, Austin, Patchogue; com, 

Rogers, Geo. P., Barre Centre; wheat, 
barley. 

Ross, Wm. P. , Knowlesville ; wheat, 
beans, 

Rowley, A. P., South Cortland ; corn, 

Rowley, Geo. W., Saiutoga Springs; 
corn, 

Ruelson, W. S,, Clifton Springs; 
wheat, 

Russell & Birkett, Penn Yan ; wheat, 
barley, 

Ryan, James, Shelby Centre ; wheat, 

Safl'ord, Chas, H,, Argyle; corn, 

Salisbury, Chas, F. , Orleans ; barley, 
peas, 

Sanders, J. P., Bristol Springs ; wheat, 
peas, 

Sauford, D,, Gaines ; wheat, 

Sauford, L. A., Gaines; wheat, corn. 

Sargent, A. J., Waterport ; wheat. 

Sayles, L. L., Malone ; wheat, barley, 
oats and corn. 

Scegwald, H. H. , Clifton Springs ; oats. 

Scott, F. D., Medina ; oats. 

Scott, John L,. Geneseo ; wheat. 

Searing, Wm. F., Sherwood ; corn. 

Seeber, H. C, Marshville; wheat. 

Seeley, R. F., Waterloo; buckwheat, 
corn. 

Seiber, John W., Canajoharie ; barley, 
buckwheat. 

Shearer, A., South Coitland ; rye. 

Sherman. Frauk, Westport ; oats. 

Shearman, Lewis and Dwelle, Penn 
Yan; barlej', 

Sherwood, John, Medina; barley, wheat, 

Shisler, A. J., Medina ; wheat, oats. 

Sholtes, v.. Schoharie; corn. 

Siguor, Burdette, Danby ; oats, 

Sirapkius, Irving, Jiedina ; wheat, 
beans, oats, 

Sims & Tinkham, Akron; barley. 

Smith, D. H., Middleport; oats. 

Smith, Geo. R., North Ridge; wheat. 

Smith, ,Iohn H., Medina; wheat, oats. 

Smith, ]\Ioses, Hallsville; corn. 

Smith, Oren, Angelica; wlieat. 

Smith, R. B., Cortland; wheat. 

Smith, S. J,, Manchester; wheat. 

Smith, Thos,, Henrietta; wheat. 

Smith, W, A., Cooperstown; buck- 
wheat. 

Smith, W; & T,, Geneva; rye, 

Snyder, D. E,, Newark; barley. 

Spangle, W, J., Hopewell Centre; oats. 

Spencer, Lilly M,, Highland; oats. 



Eeport on the Ageicultural Exhibit. 



227 



Staley, Chas., Sharon Springs; buck- 
wheat, oats. 

Staubro, Wm.. Jr., Brookfield; oats. 

Starr, H. M., Medina; peas. 

Steere, Amelia B., Cooperstown; nuts. 

Steugel, JohnG., McDougals; corn. 

Stephens, L. H. , Lowville; oats. 

Stewart, Alex. B., Ballston Center; rye. 

Stillman, D. B., Brookfield; corn. 

Stone, John R., West Fayette; oats, 
corn. 

Squires, J. C, Seneca; buckwheat. 

Sutton, Chas., Shortsville; rye, oats. 

Swan. Claude, Phelps; wheat. 

Tallman, 0. B., Seneca Ca.stle; oats. 

Tflllman, T. B., Seneca Castle; oats, 
corn. 

Tanner, Edwin, Warsaw; corn. 

Tanner, Wm. A., Medina; oats. 

Taylor, H. R., Clifton Springs; corn. 

Taj'lor, Marvin. Argyle; wheat, oats. 

Teeter, Andrew J. .Ithaca; wheat, oats. 

Tenuant, E. M., Willett; oats. 

Thompson, E. N., Meredith; rye. 

Thompson, G. S., Ameuia; corn. 

Thorn, Henry, Lyndouville: wheat. 

Thorn, John W., Highland; buck- 
wheat, corn. 

Tilbury, Herman, Owego; rj'c. 

Tillson, Oliver J., Highland; rye, buck- 
wheat. 

Timmermau, Anna G., Medina; barley. 

Tinkham, Morris, East Shelby; beans. 

Tapper, C, HoUey; beans. 

Townsend, O. K., Ithaca; beans, oats. 

Townsend, L. M., Lodi; wheat, oats, 
corn. 

Treichler, E. J., Sanborn; wheat, corn. 

Trickej-, Rhodes, Bristol Springs; peas, 
oats. 

Turner, Saml., LyndonvlUe; wheat, 
beans, oats. 

Tuttle, Chas. W., Clockville; wheat, 
barley, rye. 

Updyke, C, West Fayette; oats. 

Van Home, M. A., Cooperstown; oats. 

Van Home, Wm., MiJdleport; corn. 

Van Sickles, G., McDougals; oats. 

Van Wagener, Jared, Lawj^ersville; 
oats. 

Van Wie, Dan'l, Palatine Bridge; rye, 
com. buckwheat. 

Van Wie, Wm., Canajoharie; corn 

Vincomb, A. J., Flint; corn. 

Vosburgh, C. L., Geneva; corn. 

Wadsworth, W. A., Chapinville; beans. 

Wait, Elmer, Easton; corn. 



Walker, T. W., Angelica; oats. 

Waterbury, A. B., Lyndonville; peas. 

Wattles, Harry J., Lisle; oats. 

Wayne, W. P., Orleans; corn. 

Webster, J. D. & Son, Medina; oats, 
beans. 

Webster, Lester, Flint; wheat. 

Weed, James, Ballston Springs; corn. 

Weld, John, Lyndom'ille; wheat. 

Weld, J. M., Medina; wheat. 

Wheeler, George A., South Bloomficld; 
wheat, barley. 

Wheeler, Horace, Fay etteville ; barley. 

Wheeler, Jesse A., South Bloomfleld; 
corn. 

Whipple, William, Medina; wheat, oats, 
corn. 

Whitaker, William E., Knowlesville; 
barley. 

White, Nathan, Mt. Kisco; corn. 

Whitnej", C. P., Orleans; oats. 

Whitney, J. H., Millville; barley, peas. 

Whittleton, J. H., Medina; oats, beans. 

Wilcox, Amos, Janiestown; corn, oats. 

Wilcox, Jones, East Chatham; corn. 

Wilkie, C, W., Fhnt; oats, beans. 

Williams, C. F., Mlddleport; corn. 

Williams, D. E., Geneva; corn. 

Wilson, A. N., Lyndonville; corn. 

Wilson, A. W., Millville; corn. 

Wilson, I. B., Bristol Springs; barley, 
peas. 

Wilson, Oliver, Highland; rye. 

Wilson, W. v., Medina; barky, beans. 

Wood, James, Mt. Kisco; corn. 

Wood, Lewis, Suffern; corn. 

Wood, M W., Woodville; wheat. 

Wood, S. T., Woodville; wheat. 

Wooden, H. S., Geneva; corn. 

Wooden, J. H., Waterloo; wheat, 
barley. 

Woodruff, John, Wadham Mills; wheat. 

Woodruff, John R., Westport; oats. 

Wolverton, Peter, Canandaigua; bar- 
ley, wheat. 

Wright, Geo. K. & Son, North Ridge; 
wheat. 

Wj'man, Berry, Millville; wheat, barley. 

Yarter, A., Sandy Hill: rye. 

Yates Co. Agr'l Societj', Penn Yan; 
wheat. 

Yaxley, T. A., Ridgeway; peas. 

Young, E. J., Elmira; wheat. 

Young, Jo^iah, Tallman; com. 

Zeh, Stephen W., Schoharie; buck- 
wheat. 



GEOCP 3, CLAS.S 26. HONEY BEES AND IIONET. 

See special report, pages 229-232. 



228 



New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



GEOUP 4. POTATOES. 

The exliibit of potatoes was a special feature of the New York display, aud was 
prepared under the supervision of Mr. M. F. Pierson, of Seneca Castle. All the 
known varieties of the State were planted in the spring of 1893, and a half barrel of 
each variety brought to the fair at the expense of the commission, during the mouths 
of September and October. About 250 varieties were shown, a number far exceed- 
ing the exhibit of any other State. The following is an alphabetical list of varieties 
on exhibition: 



Arizona Wild; Adarandac; Albany 
Seedling; Alex. Prolific; American Giant; 
American Monarch; American Star; Amer- 
ican Wonder; Anges; Arizona Wild. 

Badger State; Baker's Seedling; Boley's 
Northern Spy; Beauty of Hebron; Ben. 
Harrison; Bermuda Rose; Bermuda 
White; Big Benefit; Bill; Bliss' Triumph; 
Blue Humboldt; Blue Victor; Black 
Dunmore; Blue Elephant or Victor; 
Blaine, James G. ; Bonnell's Columbia; 
Bracey's Eising San; Bracey's Superior; 
Brownell's Best; Brownell's Winner; Buf- 
falo Beauty; Burbauk; Burpee's Extra 
Earl J'; Burpee's Superior. 

California Blue; Campbell's Early; 
Cayuga; Charles Downing; Charley Ross; 
Charter Oak; Chautaucjua; Chenango; 
Chenango Blue; Chicago Market; Clark's 
No. 1; Columbia; Columbia Rose; Cor- 
liss; Crane's Jime Eating; Crane's Poten- 
tate; Cream City; Crown Jewel; Crown 
Point. 

Dakota; Dakota Red; Dandy; Rural 
No. 2; Delaware; Duell's Seedling; Dew- 
hort's Best; Buttons Seedling. 

Early Albino; Early Gem; Early Har- 
vest; Earlj' King; Early Maine; Early 
Market; Early Mayflower; Early 
Northern; Early Ohio; Early Puritan; 
Early Rochester; Early Rose; Early Snow- 
flake; Early Standard; Earlj^ Sunrise; 
Early Vaughan ; Early Walton ; Early 
White Beauty; Early White Prize; Early 
Wisconsin; Early Xanthus; Empire State; 
Everett. 

Farmer's Alliance; Fill Basket; Frank- 
fort; Freeman; Fuller's Seedling. 

General Garfield ; General McClelland; 
Genesee Co, King ; Grafenbury Giant; 
Green Mountain; Governor Foraker. 

Halo of Dakota ; Hampden Beauty ; 
Harbinger; Helton Rose; Home Comfort; 
Humboldt; Hunt's Early. 

Ideal ; Irish Blusil- ; Irish Blue ; Iron 
Clad. 

Jumbo; JevTj Peachblow. 



Kings Co. Mammoth; King of Kings; 
King of the Roses. 

Late Hebron; Late Rose; Layman (Rural 
No. 2); Lenore; Lewis' Favorite. 

Maggie Murphy ; Maine ; Maine Rose ; 
Manitoba; Manhattan; Manhattan Rose; 
Mahopac; Matchless; Milton's Late White; 
Minister; Miser; Molly Stark; Monroe Co. 
Prize; Monroe Seedling; Morgan; Morn- 
ing Pride; Morning Star. 

Napoleon ; Negro ; New Queen ; New 
York Central ; Nott's Victor. 

Ohio; Ohio, Jr.; Ottawa Rose. 

Paris Rose; Pat. Murphy; Pearl of 
Savoy; Pennoyer Prolific; Peoples; Per- 
fection; Seedling, Nos. 101, 121, 131; 
Pierson's Eureka ; Polaris; Powers of 
Beauty; Pride of America; Pride of Cali- 
fornia; Pride of Ireland; Puritan; Purple 
Trope. 

Queen of the Roses; Queen of the 
Valley. 

Red Ohio; Reeve's Rose; Robert Em- 
mett ; Rochester Rose; Rose Magnum- 
bonum; Rough Diamond; Rural Blush; 
Rural New Yorker No. 2. 

Savoy; Seedling Nos. 1, 3, 3, 30, 31, 33, 
83, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 43, 44, 
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50; Seneca Beauty; 
Seneca Red Jacket; Signal, Silver Dollar; 
State of Maine; Steel's Red or Irish Cup; 
Storm King; Stray Beauty; Strong's 
Imperial; Stump the World; Superior; 
Summit; Sunlit Star. 

Thunderbolt; Ton Hocks. 

Uncle Sam. 

Vanguard; Van Orman's Earliest; 
Vaughan; Vick's Champion; Vick's Late 
White; Vick's Perfection. 

Wall's Orange; White Elephant; White 
Flower; White Rose; White Seedling; 
White Star; Wilson's First Choice; Wil- 
son Rose; Wonder; WoodhuU Seedling; 
Wood's Early; World's Fair; Working- 
man's Potato. 

Xanthus. 

Yosemite. 



The above varieties were contributed by the following named exhibitors, each. 
sending from five to forty varieties: 



Bruse, H. G., Hoosick Falls. 
Bracy, E. M., Ogdensburg. 
Bonnel, Geo. A., Waterloo. 
Baggerly, B. W., Clifton Springs. 



Brace, J. A., Albion. 
Billington, J. F., East Aurora. 
Cloyes, A. G., Utica. 
Chapman, C. E., Peruville. 



Eepoet OS THE Ageicfltural Exhibit. 



229 



Gascoigne. C. E.. Lvons. 
HuU, G. 31., Merritield. 
Hurlbert, E., Trenton Falls. 
Kennedy. B. F., Belleville. 
Lewis, R. X., Red Hook. 
Lewis, Sidney, Syracuse. 
Loucks, Howard, Cbiuenango. 
Marks, W. F., ChapiusviUe. 
Pierson, 31. F., Seneca Castle. 



Preston, E., Pittsford. 

Pearson, H. C, Pitcaim. 

Qua. Frank, East Hartford. 

Ryall, Benjamin, Saratoga Springs. 

Roberts, Vt'. H., Chateaugay. 

Rupert's Sons, Seneca. 

Slinn, Benjamin S., Spring Valley. 

Titus, R. F., Westbury Station. 

■Wright, X A., Oswego. 



GEOrP (. DAIET PEODUCTS. 

Sec special report, pages 233-239. 



GEOUP 8. HOP.*. 



Downey Farm, Waterville; hops. 
HanoTcr Farm, "Waterville: hops, 
ilaxon, WilUam, Waterville; hops. 



ilcHenry, G. P., Southport; leaf to- 
[ bacco. 
I Wilber, D. F., Oneonta; hops. 



GECUP 9. 



Boardwell. Aaron, Fargo; wool. 

Case, Xathan, Hoosick Falls; wool. 

Chick. John. Atticii: wool. 

Cossitt, Davis, Onondaga; wool. 

Curry, TTilliam & Sou, Ha.sbrouck; 
wool. 

Earll, .J., Horatio, Skaneateles; wool. 

Fisher, Harland W., So. Bloomfield; 
flas. 

Haines, Abram. Mt. Kisco: flax. 

Haines, Joseph, Bedford Station; flax. 



Ham, Henry, Lyndonville; flax seed. 
Harmon, John S., Chatham; flax seed, 
Harmon, Mrs. Phebe, Red Rock; flax 
seed. 

Luggner, Mrs. Lea, Bedford; silk. 
MacJsaughton Co.. Xew York; wool. 
Osborne & Ladd. Victor; wool. 
Ray, John P., Hemlock Lake; wool. 
Warren. J. Hobart. Hoosick Falls; wool. 
Wood, James. Mt, Kisco; wool. 
Wylie, B. J., Marcellus; wool. 



GROUP 14. 

New York State ; photographic views of hop fields and buildings, dairj^ farms, 
buildings, etc. 



REPORT OX THE BEE AXD HOXET EXHIBIT. 



By OREL L. HERSHISER, Supekixtexdent, Buff.^lo. 



The Xevr York State Beekeepers' As.sociation took action as early as 
January, 1S91, '.vitli the view of securing an adequate ajsiarian exhibit 
at the Cohiinbian Exposition. ]\Ir. J. L. Scofield, of Chenango Bridge, 
and Mr. Orel L. Hersliiser, of Buffalo, were appointed a committee to 
co-operate ynth any autliority to which might be intrusted the duty of 
bringing out a comprehensive exhibit of tlie agricultural resources of 
tlie State. After the organizati(jn of the Board of General Managers, 
iL'. Hersliiser was placed in charge of the apiarian department and 
instructed to use every effort to bring out such an exhiliit of bees, honey, 
etc., as would demonstrate Xew York's superiority to any other State. 
Contributions were secured from fifty of the leading beekeepers and 
were fairly representative of the whole i-ange of the industry. 



■ 230 JSTew Yoek at the "Woeld's Colcjibian Expositios". 

The space allotted for tlie exhibit was occupied by two eases, each 
twenty -five feet long by four feet fonr inches wide and eleven feet 
high, two cases each ten feet long by four feet four inches wide, and 
one case sixteen feet long, five feet wide and eleven feet high. The 
last case was used for the exhibit of live bees. Sanijjles of the crop of 
1892 were collected in BnfEalo during the months of January , February 
and March. 1893, and sliipped thence to the fair. The exhibits of the 
crop of 1893 were in part collected in Buffalo, and in part shipped 
direct by the exhibitors. For the most part the specimens of the crop 
of 1892 were paid for out of the State appropriation ; those of 1893 
were lent by the individual exhibitors. The exhibit consisted of about 
6,000 pounds of comb honey, 3,000 pounds of extracted honey, fruits 
preserved in honey, beeswax, the honey producing flora of the State, 
pastry made witli honey sweetening, honey vinegar, metheglin, pickles- 
made with iioney vinegar, honey soap, honey cougli syrup, salves and 
leather dressing made from the beeswax, se^'eral styles of beehives, so 
arranged as to illustrate the progress of apiculture from its primitive 
state, and all appliances used by progressive apiarists, including the 
honey extractor, wax extractor, bee smokers, bee escapes, swarm 
catchers, queen cages and C]ueen excluders, new swarming devices and 
samples of comb foundation. Sixteen varieties of honey were shown, 
viz. : Linden or basswood, white clover, alsike clover, sweet clover, 
applebloom, raspberry, dandelion, golden-rod, aster, mustard, buck- 
wheat, sumach, heartsease, locust, boneset and thistle. 

The bee exhibit consisted of six hives of bees, comprising two colonies 
of leather-colored Italian bees, one of golden Italian liees, two of 
Carniolian bees, and one of common black bees. It was designed that 
the bee exhibit should be a practical demonstration of the methods of 
producing both comb and extracted honey, and accordingly openings in 
the wall of the building were made so that the bees might fly from and 
to their hives in the natural way. Inasmuch as the six hives of bees 
produced during the summer, under the most unfavorable circum- 
stances, 252 pounds of honey, 112 jaounds of which was in the comb, 
this jDart of the apiarian exhibit was successful beyond expectation. It 
was an easy matter to show the methods of bee-keeping, but the prac- 
tical results were a surprise. Eleven awards were made to exhibitors in 
the jNTew York apiarian department. This is ]iearly twice as many as 
were given to any other State. 



GROUP rf. HONET. 



Andrews. Miss E. E., Coventiyville; 
comb honey. 

Andrews, John, Patten's Mills; 3 nu- 
cleus colonies Carniolinn bees. 

Bailey, G. W., & Son, Ovid; extracted 
honej'. 

Berry, Mrs. M. L., Big- Tree; wax sea 
shells made from bleached beeswax. 

Bosworth, W. V., Clockville; comb 
honey, extracted hone}'. 

Briggs, Edgar, Poughkeepsic; white 
clover conib honey; white clover ex- 
tracted honey. 



Coggshall, David, West Groton; comb 
honey, extracted honey. 

Crosby, B. A., Sardinia; extracted honey. 

Cyrenus, F. H., Oswego: designs and 
initials worked in comb honey by bees, 
two honey combs nearly four feet long 
and four inches thick. 

Davis. Hiram H., Deansville; comb 
honey, extracted honey. 

Dawns, Ira, Irona; extracted honey. 

Dimick. Jay, Rices; comb honey. 

Dodd, Charles F., Rushville; extracted 
honey. 



Eepoet on the Ageicultukal Exhibit. 



231 



Doolittle, G. M,, Doridouo; one colony 
golden Italian bees, two colonies leather- 
colored Italian bees. 

Elwood, P. H., Starkville. extracted 
honey, white clover comb honey. 

Fargo, Fred. H., Batavia; comb honey. 

FavOle, Mrs. C, Holland; extracted 
hone}-. 

Faulkner, .John G., JMiimt'ord; comb 
honey. 

Ferris, C. G., Columbia; extracted 
honey. 

Fish, Norman L. , Indian Lake; rasp- 
berry extracted honey. 

Garrett, ]Martin, Coeyraans Hollow; 
extriicted houey. 

Greiner, Friedemau, Kaples; comb 
honey. 

Hawkins, N., Gowanda; comb honey. 

Hazelton, Fred. P., Le Roy; comb 
hone}'. 

Hallegas, C. A., De Kalb June; white 
clover comb honey. 

Hastings, M. E., JS'ew York Jlills; 
white clover comb honey, white clover 
extracted houey; positive "reversible honey 
extractor, Coluniljia honey extractor, wax 
extractors, six round feeders, three square 
feeders, three bee smokers, three iJerfec- 
tion swarmers, one beehive, four supers 
for beehive, three escajie boards, twelve 
bee escapes, one slatted honey board, 
samples of T tin.s, comb lifters. 

Heath, MissSatie I., Chittenango; comb 
honey. 

Hetherington, J. E.. Cherr}' Valley; 
extracted honey; white clover comb 
honey; buckwheat extracted honey, 
twenty years old, two old style straw 
hives, first exhibited at the Centennial 
1876, two beehives old style, one emer- 
gency beehive. 

Hershiser, OrelL., Buffalo: comb honey 
produced at the World's Fair, extracted 
honey produced at the "World's Fair, prac- 
tical apiary conducted at the World's 
Fair, including manipulation of frames 
and hives of bees, extracting honey and 
taking comb honey from hives by latest 
improved methods, api^liances used in 
queen rearing, queen rearing practi- 
cally denionstrated. peaches preserved in 
honey, old style Langstroth hive, aster 
extracted honey; boneset extracted honey; 
Heather of Scotland extracted honey. 

Howell, E. D., New Hampton; sumach 
and heartsease extracted honey. 

Hoffman, Julius, Canajoharie; white 
clover comb honey, buckwheat comb 
honey, white clover extracted honey; 
alsike extracted honey, buckwheat ex- 
tracted honey, aijple blossom extracted 
honey; pine apples preserved in honey, 
cherries preserved in honey, honey 
vinegar, pickles made from honey vinegar, 
metheglin, lioney cough syrup, beeswax 



salve, honey soap, beeswax leather dress- 
ing, wax candles, flowers and leaves pre- 
served with beeswax. 

Hutchius, F. v., Masseua Springs; 
white clover extracted honey. 

Hutchinson, Edwin, East Avon; ex- 
tracted honey. 

Ivory, Helen L., Smithville ; comb 
honey. 

Kennel, Fa}-, Rochester ; extracted 
honey. 

Lamareux, 'George, North Hector; comb 
honey. 

Langdou, H. P., East Constable; non- 
swarming device. 

Lindsey, C. V., Attica; comb honey, 
111 1-4 lbs. product of one hive in 1892, 
extracted honey, white clover comb honey, 
107 lbs. product of one hive. 

M.-ikcly, Wm. P., Medusa; extracted 
houey. 

Miller, W. N., DeKalb; comb houey. 

Mun.sou, J. 0., East Lansing; extracted 
honey, beeswax, straw hive, old style. 

Park, Frank L., White Plains; sumach 
extracted honey. 

Parker, C. L., Onondaga: white clover 
extracted honey. 

New York State ; commercial apiarian 
exhibit (comprising the exhibits of all 
the New York beekeepers). 

Pcnton, Charles, East Aui'ora ; honey 
vinegar. 

Penton, Maggie, East Aurora. ; pressed 
specimens honey producing plants. 

Phipps, F. A., Short Track ; comb 
honey. 

Reed. Lyman, West Winfield; extracted 
honey. 

Rogers, H. J., Wellsville ; comb honey, 
extracted honey. 

Root, A. H., Canastota; extracted honey. 

Saunders, Asa., Big Tree ; 1 colony 
German black bees. 

Scofield, I. L., Chenango Bridge ; comb 
honey. 

Sleeper, S. S., Holland; white clover 
comb hone}' ; wliite clover extracted honey, 
and other varieties. 

SncU, Albert, Clayton ; linden comb 
honey, linden extracted honey. 

Van Deusen, J., Sprout Brook ; flat- 
bottomed comb foundations, frames of 
brood comb foundation, combs which the 
bees had worked on from seven to twelve 
hours, showing the work of bees from the 
inception of comb found.'ition to perfec- 
tion of combs, old artificial tin honey- 
comb. Van Deusen clamps. 

Wear, Robert A. , C'la}'burgh ; comb 
honey, extracted honc}'. 

Winter, O. F., Winterton ; locust ex- 
tracted honey; blue thistle extracted 
honey. 

Woolf, .John, Big Tree ; 1 colony Ger- 
man black bees. 



232 Nkw Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Whitford, LcRoy, Stow ; comb honey. 

The W. T. Fuk'ouer Mfg. Co., James- 
tOAVu ; dovo-tuiled beehives, thin-walled 
beehive.?, Peet queen cage, Bingham 
smoker, bee veils, assortment honey 
knives, assortment bee feeders, Coggshall 
bee brush, 1,000 Faleon honey seetious. 
Acme wax extractor, honey boards, all 



zinc honey boards, brood comb founda- 
tion, section comb foundation. Porter 
bee escapes, Hastings bee escapes, 
foundation cutter, Davis brushes, comb 
holder, comb bucket, Spar wire imbedder, 
Parker foundation fastener. Leach section 
folder and foundation fastener, perfect 
super put up with wood separators. 



KEPOET OISI THE DAIRY EXHIBIT. 



By JOSIAH SHULL, Ilion, Supekiktbkdekt. 



In October, 1892, the superiuteiident entered upon tlie active dis- 
cliarge of liis duties as a result of a conference between tlie Board of 
General Managers and the committee from the State Dairymen's Asso- 
ciation, consisting' of W. II. Gilbert, A. R. Eastman and Josiah Slinll. 
Means were taken to inform dairymen thrtingliout the State as to the 
scope and character of the proposed exhibit and the facilities which tiie 
Board of Managers had prb\'ided for the transportation of butter and 
cheese to the exposition. The lirst exhibit of cheese was to be made 
in June, 1893, and it vras detei-mined that this should be of cheese 
made in 1892. On communicating with dairymen it was ascertained 
that most of the cheese made in 1892 had gone out of the hands of the 
makers. The June exhibit was consequently made in part of cheese 
procured directly from the maker and in part from storage in the city 
of Kew York. 

The butter and cheese for the four several exhibits of. June, Jul}', 
September and October, 1893, were transported to Chicago in refrige- 
rator cars b)' the American Exjjress Company and the Wells, Fargo & 
Company Express. The express companies jierformed the service at 
the stated times and dates with promptness and disjiatch, and delivered 
tlie products in good condition at the Dairy Building in Chicago. The 
several exhibits proved entirely satisfactory in numbers and commend- 
able in standard and quality. There were 733 exhibits of butter, 
aggregating about 13,000 pounds, of which three-fourths was from pri- 
vate dairies and about one-fourth from creameries. While much of the 
dairy butter maintained a high standard, the creameries maintained a 
better average and more uniform high standing. One-tifth of all the 
butter exhibited -was high grade, scoring fi'um 95 to 100 points. 

There were manufactured in New York factories in 1892 19,-1:97,357 
pounds of butter, •Which, from the best obtainable sources of informa- 
tion, represents aliout fourteen per cent of the total amount of butter 
manufactured in the State. 

In the cheese department there were 561 samples of all varieties at 
the several exhibits, or a total of 33,000 piounds. The June exhibit 
contained 147 packages, all of cheese made in 1S92, excepting some 
varieties of fancy clieese. The July, September and October exhibits 



Eeport on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 



233 



■were of cheese of 1S93 make, consisting of 417 packages, iiicludiug 
fancy cheese, nearly one-half of which was of high grade, scoring from 
95 to 100 points. The exhibits were in every respect representative of 
this great industry which, in 1S92, produced 130,991,310 pounds in the 
factories of the State. 

The object of this department was to make a dairy exhibit Ijy dairy- 
men of the State which should actually show the different varieties of 
cheeso placed on the markets of the country. No discrimination was 
made as to who should or should not exhibit. Every dairyman in the 
State was invited to exhibit. !N"o especial selection or inspection of the 
products was made prior to placing them on exhibition. It rmist be 
said, to the credit of the dairymen of the State, that after they became 
fnlly informed as to the object and workings of the display, they 
reatlily responded to the call for exhibits. It is gratifying to state 
that Xew York manufactures nearly every variety of cheese known 
to the markets, and maintains a standard equal to any other State. 

The several exhibits were complete and full, equal to the capacity of 
space awarded to the State ; and the quality of the products sustained 
our reputation as the leading dairy State. in the Union. 



GEOUP t. EXHIBITS INSTALLED IN THE DAIEY BUILDING. 



Abell, EraoT}- D., Frankliu; butter. 

Acker, L. C Iliou; butter. 

Acker, 3Irs. Iselson, Ilion; butter. 

Ackley, J. D., Roxbury; cheese. 

Alexander, "W. A., Scipioville; butter. 

Alger, Geo. S., il-.rtiiisburg; cheese. 

Anderson, C, Delhi; butter. 

Anderson, "Wm., Jr., Delhi; butter. 

AngeTl, J. S., New Berliii; butter. 

Arbuckle. B. T., Delhi; butter. 

Archibald, Jas. R., Margaretville; 
butter. 

Archibald, R. H., Margai'etville; butter. 

Armstrong, F. C, Bovina Centre; 
butter. 

Auken, Fred., Boonville; cheese. 

Austin, Chas., Deer River; cheese. 

Austin, Kichols & Co., New York; 
cheese. 

Avers & McKinney, Meredith; butter. 

Ayres. E. E. . Rice's; cheese. 

Backus, F. H., Scriba; cheese. 

Baile}', J., Charlotte Centre; cheese. 

Bailey, .Roscoe, So. .Jefferson; butter. 

Bailey, Jacob, Bovina Center; butter. 

Bailey & Hallock, South Jefferson ; 
butter.' 

B^iird. John. Newport; cheese. 

Baker, A. D., Aurelius; butter. 

Baker, J. H., Aurelius; butter. 

Baker. L. A., Aurelius; butter. 

Baldwin, A. P., South Otselic; butter. 

Barber & Minor, Oxford; cheese. 

Barker. F. B., Camden; cheese. 

Barnaskev. C. F., Pennellville; cheese. 

Bartlett, G. L., Edwards; cheese. 

Bartlett, S. G., Laona; cheese. 

30 



Bartlett, Willis C. Laona; cheese. 
Bartlett, W. M., Franklin; butter 
Beaver, Chas., Collins; cheese. 
Beers, Chester, Walton; butter. 
Belden, John, Moons; cheese. 
Bell, E. R., Delhi; butter. 
Bellows, JamesH., Siuclairville; cheese. 
Benedict & Son, A. F., Delhi; butter. 
Berry. John H., Spraguevdle; cheese. 
Beswiek, J. E., Morley; butter. 
Biggar, A. (■., Pepacton; butter. 
Bills, E. J., Delhi; butter. 
Birdsall, E. 11.. Margaretville; butter. 
Bishop, Wheeler O. , Castile; butter. 
Blakelv, J. P., East Meredith; butter. 
Bliss, j. A.. Delhi; butter. 
Blivcn, Albert, Boonville; cheese. 
Bloomhower, A. D., Mooers Forks; 
butter. 
Blum, Albert, Leyden; cheese. 
Boggs, Geo. A., Stamford; butter. 
Boldof, Charles, Attica; cheese. 
Borthwick, W. A., Delhi; butter. 
Bostwick, Milton, Croton; butter. 
Bouton, M. C., Margaretville; butter. 
Boyd, B. S., Loomis; butter. 
Boyd, Geo.. Norwich; cheese. 
Brett, James, McDonough; butter. 
Brisco, Jos., Franklin; butter. 
Bristol, Thomas, Jhirgaretville; butter. 
Bristow, James, Sinclairville; cheese. 
Brooks, A., Owego; butter. 
Brown, A. P.. Fowler; cheese. 
Brown Bros., Newport; butter. 
Brown, C. C, Delhi; butter. 
Brown, G. H. , Andes; butter. 
Brown, Hiram, Canton; butter. 



234 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Bro-n-D, J. P., East Meredith; butter. 

Brown, M. R., Croton; butter. 

Brown, Sidney, Edwards; clieese. 

Bugbee, J. E., Ceutralia; cheese. 

Burleigh, J. F., Vernon; cheese. 

Burgung, M., Forestville; cheese. 

Burr, Elbert, Margaretville; butter. 

Burroughs, C, Roxbury; butter. 

Cant, David, Croton; butter. 

Carman, G. W., Mecklinburgh; butter. 

Carpenter, Burt, Moons; cheese. 

Carpenter, F. P., Kanona: butter. 

Carpenter, H. M., Higginsville; cheese. 

Carpenter, Zenas, East Randolph; 
cheese. 

Case, C. M., Delhi; butter. 

Casler, Charles, West Ambo}'; cheese. 

Casler, J. R., Parish; cheese. 

Cavin, A. & W. H., Delhi; butter. 

Chamlserlain, J. N., Kanona; butter. 

Chambers, C. H., North Lawrence ; 
butter. 

Champlin, Giles S., Jr., Stamford; 
butter. 

Champlin, ,J. Perry, Ruth; butter; 

Chandler, H. G., i& Son, Ogdensburg; 
butter. 

Christian, F. N., Camden; cheese. 

Church, F. "W. , Caughdenoy; cheese. 

Clark, C. F., North Russell; cheese. 

Clark, E. S., Norwich; butter. 

Clark, F. L., Charlotte Center; cheese. 

Clark, W. L., Andes; butter. 

Clarke, N. E., Potsdam; cheese. 

Cleland, O. M., Charlotte Center; 
cheese. 

Clive, Robert, Delhi; butter. 

Close, James, Arena; butter. 

Close, Wm. J., Margaretville; butter. 

Clun, H., East Meredith; butter. 

Cold Brook Factor}', Omar; cheese. 

Cole, Jno., Margaretville; butter. 

ColeW. C, Franklin; butter. 

Collins, Frank, Ellington; cheese. 

Collins Center Factory, Collins Center; 
cheese. 

Collins Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Conan, D. A., East Randolph; cheese. 

Conner, Jas., East Meredith; butter. 

Conner, George PI., East Meredith; 
butter. 

Conover, W. D., Ley den; cheese. 

Conroy, J. P., Cedars; cheese. 

Converse, H. J., Southville; butter. 

Cook, A. & H. E., Denmark; butter. 

Cook, C. B., Cazenovia; butter. 

Coon, E. O. , Mohawk; cheese. 

Cooper, J. C, Theugsa; cheese. 

Cooper, W. H., Laona; cheese. 

Cornell, Irving, Stamford; butter. 

Cotton, A. S , Clifton Springs; butter. 

Cottrell, H. M., Rhinechfif; butter. 

Coulter, D. E., Andes; butter. 

Countryman, A., Herkimer; cheese. 

Countrj'man Factory, M. Getman, Mo- 
hawk; cheese. 



Cowan, James A., Margaretville; butter. 

Cowden, W. A., Attica; cheese. 

Craft, Daniel, Stamford; butter. 

Craft, F., Ro.xburj-; butter. 

Craig, John, Jr., Delhi; butter. 

Craspen, E. S., Waddington; butter. 

Cristman, Martin, Paine's Hollow; 
butter. 

Cristman, 0. B., Mohawk; cheese. 

Cross, Corwin T., Charlotte Center; 
cheese. 

Cune, A. B., Shavertown; butter. 

Curd, I., Owego; butter. 

Currie, James H., Delhi; butter. 

Dales, Edmund, Hobart; butter. 

Dales, M., Roxbury; butter. 

Danforth, Mrs. G. W., Stamford; butter. 

Dapson, T. H., Herkimer; cheese. 

Davey, Albert, Minden; cheese. 

Davis, D. R., East Steuben; cheese. 

Davis, F. E., Delhi; butter. 

Davis, F. W., North Jackson; butter. 

Davis. H-. ^y. cfc H. A., Andes; butter. 

Davis, Nathan, East Randolph; cheese. 

Davy, Wm. S. , Andes; butter. 

Day, Morris, Nicholville; butter. 

De Garmo, A. E. , llion; cheese. 

Denny, J. H., Walton; butter. 

Derns, M. L., Moira; butter. 

De Silva, W. J., Margaretville; butter. 

Dewe_y, L. L., Lawrenceville; buttei'. 

Dewitt, Mrs, J. C.,Bath; butter. 

Dexter, J. W., Lycoming; cheese. 

Dibble, Onslow, Franklin; butter. 

Dickinson, B. , So. Rutland; cheese. 

Dodds, Wm., Delhi; butter. 

Doughty, G. , Brookton; buttei;. 

Douglass, Geo. B., & Co., New York; 
cheese. 

Drurj', A. F., Canton; cheese. 

Dryden, Geo. J., Copenhagen; cheese. 

Dumond, W. F., Margaretville; butter. 

Duuaway, F. P., East Rodman; cheese. 

Dunn, A. T., Hobart; butter. 

Dygert, A.. Delhi; butter. 

Dygert, Peter, Kanona; butter. 

Fames, A. D., Solsville; cheese. 

Eastou, E. A., Roxbury; butter. 

Eastou, G. R., Lowville; cheese. 

Eddy, A. S.. McDonough; butter. 

Edmunds, P. W,, Sherman; cheese. 

Edwards, F. W., Sherman; butter. 

Effner, L. Dow, Jefferson; butter. 

Eldred, Zenas, Bridgewater, cheese. 

Elizabethtown Factory, Mohawk; 
cheese. 

Elhott, H. C, Buckton; butter. 

Empire Cheese Co., New Berlin; cheese. 

Empire State Factory. Clayton; cheese. 

Erickson, H. , Thornton; cheese. 

Erwin, Arthur J., Charlotte Center; 
cheese. 

Erwin, B. G., Sinclair ville; cheese. 

Erwin, W. M,, Charlotte Center; cheese. 

Erwin, James, Sinclair ville; cheese. 

Erwin, D. W. C, Massena; butter. 



Report on the Ageicultural Exhibit. 



235 



Evans, J. D. , Attica; cheese. 

Evans, Roland, Gleudale; cheese. 

Every, A., East Jleredith: butter. 

Every, Nehemiah, Delhi; butter. 

Farmer Factory, De Pauville; cheese. 

Farrell, James, Morr:stO"\vn; cbeese. 

Farrington, S. H., Delhi; butter. 

Faulkuer, Morris, Margaretvilie; butter. 

Feuiier, W. H., Southville; cheese. 

Ferris, Geo. L., Atwaters; butter. 

Fiuch, Thomas, Conkling Forks; butter. 

Finch, Victor, Trout Creek; butter. 

Finck, A., D3lhi; butter. 

Fiukle, Isaac, Shavertown; butter. 

Finster, ,T. E., Lacona; cbeese. 

FisUer, Geo. J., Delhi; butter. 

Fisher, Geo. W., Fraukliu; butter. 

Fisk, D., Owego; butter. 

Fitch, F. H., In. Hammond; cheese. 

Fitch, W. H., Lowville; cheese. 

Fitzgerald, W. J., Newport; cheese. 

Flaherty, M. H., Massena; cheese. 

Fletcher, James, Andes; butter. 

Forbes, R H., West Stockholm; butter. 

Ford, C. A,, Little Falls; cheese. 

Ford. J. W., Fairfield; cbeese. 

Forrest, W. S., Delhi; butter. 

Poster, John, Hermon; cheese. 

Frank, Wilber, Franklin; butter. 

Frazcr, E. C, Stamford; butter. 

Frisbee, L. R., East Meredith; butter. 

Fuller, Clark, Spragueville; cheese. 

Giillup, G. J , Hobart; butter. 

Garline, Seaman, Little Falls, butter, 
tiheese. 

Gates, F. H., &Son,Chittenango; butter. 

G.'iynor, Mrs. Maggie, East Martins- 
Ijurgh; cheese. 

George, Emil, Attica; cheese. 

George, James D., Delhi; butter. 

George, D, D. K., Andes; biuter. 

Gerber, John, New York; cheese. 

Getry, Alex,, Jordanville; cheese. 

Gibbs, A. S., Stamford; butter. 

Gibson, Mrs. F. F., Hobart; butter. 

Gifford, N. A., East Masonville; cheese. 

Gilbert, ^Y. 11. , Richland; cheese. 

Gillitt, Levi, Franklin; butter. 

Gilly, H. H., West Pierrepont; cheese. 

Gilson, Arthur, Canton; cheese. 

Gladstone, E., Andes; butter. 

Gladstone, J., Andes; butter. 

Gladstone, R,, Andes; butter. 

Gleason, Henry, Charlotte Center ; 
-cheese. 

Glcndening. John C, Delhi; butter. 

Goldsmith. John 'SI., Franklin; butter. 

Gooding, Henry B., Groton; butter. 

Goodrich, D. "a., South Champion; 
cheese. 

Gould & Bacon. Evans' Mills; cheese. 

Gove, A. E., Pamelia Four Corners; 
■cheese. 

Gowanda Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Gowdy, F. C, West 31artinsburgh; 
cheese. 



Grant, Elmer, Stamford; cheese. 

Grant, H. L. , Rensselaer Falls; cheese. 

Grant, R. P., Clayton; cheese. 

Graves, B. M., Lowville; cheese. 

Graj', E. A., S. Hammond; cheese. 

Gray, 8. P., Winthrop; butter. 

Green, C. A., Warsaw; cheese. 

Green, Fred, De Kalb Junction; cheese. 

Green, H. J., Brier Hill; cheese. 

Green, W. F., Sherman; cheese. 

Gregory, S. , Stamford; butter. 

GregorV, Willard F., Stamford; butter. 

Griffith, Wm. S. , De Peyster; cheese. 

Griswold, G. M., Oswego; butter. 

Grove Spring Creamery Co., Big Flats; 
butter. 

Gurnsy, James, Woodhull; butter. 

Hall, Clarence L., Gouverneur; cheese, 

Hall, S. A., AVatertown; cheese. 

Hambleton, W. H., De Wittville; 
cheese. 

Hamilton, C. J., Stamford; butter. 

Hanford, C. O., East Meredith; butter 

Hanford, D., Croton; butter. 

Hanford, D. J., East Meredith; butter, 

Hanna, W. J., Lisbon Centre; cheese. 

Hardin, J. H., Delhi; butter. 

Hardy, John C, Copenhagen; cheese. 

Hardy, Oliver F., Buckton; butter. 

Harper, Henry, Sinclairville; cheese. 

Plarper, T. A., Shunila; cheese. 

Harrington, C. D,, Plymouth; butter. 

Harrington, Mrs. II. B., Castile; butter. 

Harris, J. B., Antwerp; cheese. 

Harter, H., Owego; butter. 

Harter, Norman, Little Falls; cheese. 

Harvej', Frank, South Stockton; cheese. 

Hawley, E. T., Pittsford; butter. 

Hawley, F. W., Pittsford; butter. 

Hay, John, Ogdensburgh; cheese. 

Hayden, C. L., Morristown; cbeese 

Haynes, E. M., Haj'nes; cheese. 

Hendry, C. M., Stamford; butter. 

Herley, Michael, Constableville; cheese. 

Hess, R., Hobart; butter. 

Hetheriugton, S., East Meredith; 
butter. 

Hildreth, Frank G., Herkimer; butter. 

Hill. H. H., West Pierrepont; checoe. 

Hinklej', Edward, Roxbury; butter. 

Holbert, John H., Chemung; butter. 

Ilolden, J. R., Franklinville; cheese. 

Holloway. E. A., Adams Centre; cheese. 

Holmes, Thos. , Lamont; butter. 

Holms, Walter C, Pulaski; cheese. 

Hotaling, John, Franklin; butter. 

Horton, W. H., S. Stockton; cheese. 

Howe, H. W., Madrid Springs; butter. 

Howland, E. B., Walton; butter. 

Howland, T. P. & O. L., Walton; 
butter. 

Hubbard, O. A.. Walton; butter. 

Hulbert, Jno., Chenango; butter. 

Hull, S., Sbavertown; butter. 

Hume, H. H., Delhi; butter. 

Humphrey Bros., Cherubusco; butter. 



236 



New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Hungerford, Mrs. Win., Ithaca; butter. 

Hunt, Chas. R., Franklin; butter. 

Huntington, Charles, Moons; cheese. 

Hurst, E. A., Macomb; cheese. 

Hutson, T. R., Delhi; butter. 
. Hygert, T. C, Andes; butter. , 

Ingalls, JolmR., New Kingston; butter. 

Ingalls. "William, Margaretville; butter. 

Irvin, D. W. C, Slassena; butter. 

Irvin, N. W., Poland; butter. 

Irwin, J. M., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Ives, Charles, Little Falls; cheese. 

Jack.son, J. T., Franklin; butter. 

Jackson, W. T., Charlotte Center; 
cheese. 

Johnson, Geo., Stamford; butter. 

Johnson, L. A., Collins; cheese. 

Johnson, M. J., Do Kalb June; cheese. 

Jones, W. S., Ruth; butter. 

Jordanville Factory, Mohawk; cheese. 

Kast Bridge Factory, Mohawk; cheese. 

Katsmeyer, A., West Ley den; cheese. 

Kaw, JMichael, BoouYillc; butter. 

Kay, Will. E., Herkimer; butter. 

Keaton, C. K., Roxbury; butter. 

Kelly, D. G., Roxbury; butter. 

Kemp, Mrs. Peter, Delhi; butter. 

Kemp, Robert, Delhi; butter. 

Kennedy, Wm., Stamford; butter. 

Kent, D. E., Watson; cheese. 

Kessler, Chas., Pojje; cheese. 

King, J. G., Andes; butter. 

King, JohnH. , Hobart; butter. 

Kinne}^ J. M. , Pine Bush; butter. 

Kirkland Creamery Co., Kirkland; 
butter. 

Kittle, Oren, Jasper; butter. 

Klopner, Fred. E., PortLeyden; cheese. 

Knox. L. J., Hermon; butter. 

Krom, B., Delhi; butter. 

Ladd, Danl., Canastota; cheese. 

Laloue, G. A., De Kalb June; cheese, 

Lanford, H. B., Franklin; butter. 

Lash, J. H., Lowville; cheese. 

Lathrop, H. N. , Franklin; butter. 

Laury, M. M., Stamford; biitter. 

Lawrence, Jno. C, Margaretville; 
butter. 

Lawrence & Darling, Chester; cheese. 

Leasworth, C. G., Forest vi He; cheese. 

Leath, R., Shavertowu; butter. 

Le Grange Creamery Co., Poughkeep- 
sie; butter. 

Lemon, H. H., Pope; cheese. 

Leonard, H. & T. C, Crary's Mills; 
butter. 

Lewis, Dell, Fredania; cheese. 

Lewis, F., Canadea; cheese. 

Lewis, John E., Morley; butter. 

Lincoln & Cramer, Canton; cheese. 

Lindsey, Grant, Attica; cheese. 

Line Road Factory, Cl.-iyton; cheese. 

Lints, S. P., Jr., East Schuyler; cheese. 

Little, George, Andes; butter. 

Lloyd, Samuel, Franklin; butter. 

Lowman, E. M., Lowman; butter. 



Luce, Elbert M., Charlotte Centre; 
cheese. 

Lull, G., Owego; butter. 

Lyn, John, Delhi; butter. 

McAdam, John, Forestville; cheese. 

McAdani, Wm., Ceutralia; cheese. 

McAllister, James, Moons; cheese. 

McBain, A. D. , Brockport; butter. 

McClaran, Robert A., Charlotte Center; 
cheese. 

McDonald, C. R., Delhi; butter. 

McDonald, Elmer, Kennedy; butter. 

McDonald, J. B., Van Hornesville; 
butter. 

McDonald, John T., Delhi; butter. 

McFarland, J. M,, Delhi; butter. 

McGibbon, D., Walton; butter. 

McGibbon, John, Walton; butter. 

McGilrojr & Hoag, Norwich; butter. 

McGrath, Thomas H., New Boston; 
cheese. 

McGregor, John A., Stamford; butter. 

Mcintosh, J., Roxbury; butter. 

McKinne}-, II. J., Pine Bush; butter. 

McLaury, D. P., Stamford; butter. 

McMillan, John, Dresserville; butter. 

McMundy, J. S., Delhi; butter. 

McNaught. C, Bovina Centre; butter. 

McQueen, C, Andes; butter. 

McQuinn, Martin, Burnliams; butter. 

Mable, George S., Delhi; butter. 

Mable, James D., Delhi; butter. 

Mable, R. A., Delhi; butter. 

Macomber, Wm. N., Margaretville; 
butter. 

Main, H. C, Hermon; butter. 

Malen, R., Delhi; butter. 

Mallory. L, , Moons; cheese. 

Maple Shade Creamery, Texas Valley; 
butter. 

Markham's Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Marsh, G. S., Cuba; cheese. 

Marsh, H. , Kennedy; cheese. 

Marshlield Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Martin, John R., North Blenheim; 
butter. 

Mason & Hunt, Sinclairville; cheese. 

Mason, P. P., Bath; butter. 

Matteson, Henry S., Morris; butter. 

Ma3'ham, Ralph, Stamford; butter. 

May ham, W. H., Stamford; butter. 

Mayne, H. S., Li.sbon Centre; cheese. 

Mead, M., Roxbury; butter. 

Meeker, C. J,, Roxbury; butter. 

Mellon, W. J.. Boonville; cheese, 

Merrill, Chas. E,, Franldin; butter. 

Merrill, Daniel W., Franklin; butter. 

Merrj', G., Verona; cheese. 

3Ieyers, Chas, J,, Margaretville; butter. 

Middleman, J, R, , Madrid; butter. 

Middlemist, J., Walton; butter. 

Miller, A., Adams; cheese. 

Miller, D, H. , Rodman; cheese. 

Miller, JohnN., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Miller, M,. Bovina Centre; butter. 

Miller, Norman, Jenksville; butter. 



Kepoet on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 



237 



Miller, W. E., Hobart; butter. 

Miller, Wm., E. Troupsburg; butter. 

Mills ifc JIunson, N. Frauklin; butter. 

Mitchell, H. H., East Meredith; butter. 

Montague, M., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Montgomery, C, JSTashville; cheese. 

Moon, T. E., Collins; cheese. 

Moore, C D., Lowville; cheese. 

Moore, E. G., Oxford; butter. 

Moore, H. L., Shavertowu; butter. 

M:)ore, J. Burke, O.xford; butter. 

Moore, Mrs. J. W., Bath; butter. 

Morehouse, Henry D., xVva; cheese. 

Morganstern, C. J., Attica; cheese. 

Moise, H., Roxburj'; butter. 

Morton, Le%'i P., Rhinecliil; butter. 

Morton, Wm. H., Attica; cheese. 

IMorts, Marion t'., Mohawk; cheese. 

Mowers, L. , Mill's Mills; cheese. 

Mowry, W. R., Oxford; butter. 

Mundy, J. R., Isorwich; butter. 

Munson, E S., Franklin; butter, 

Murph}-, Francis, pike; butter. 

Mussman, Augustus, Margaretville; 
butter. 

Myers, F, W., Mohawk; butter. 

Nelis, J. P., GravesFille; cheese. 

Neuenschwander, J. & J., Monroe; 
cheese. 

New York Agricultural Experiment 
Station, Geneva; cheese. 

Kichols, .John O., Harpersfield; butter. 

Nichols, Wm., Delhi; butter. 

Nicoll, W. K., Andes; butter. 

Noble, Mrs. H. M., Bath; butter. 

NorthruiJ, Frank, Wegatchie; cheese. 

Norton, Robert, & Co., Attica; cheese. 

Norton, W. H., South Stockton; cheese. 

Ogden Creamery, Franklin; butter. 

Olden, C. S. , Leon; cheese. 

Oliver, D A., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Oliver, .John, Collins; cheese. 

Oliver. R., Delhi; butter. 

Olmstead, A., Orwell; cheese. 

Olmstead, H.. East Walton; butter. 

One Thou.sand Island Factory, St. 
Lawrence; cheese. 

Osborne, W. D., Port Byron; butter. 

Owens, .Jas. H., Chenango; butter. 

Owenshire, F. C, Bath; butter. 

Oyer, Oscar, East Schuyler; cheese. 

Paine, John L., .Jordanville; butter. 

Palmer, D. P., Fr.anklin; butter. 

Palmer, R. H., Deposit; butter. 

Parker & Edgerton. Coventry; butter. 

Parker, J. H., Gouverneur; cheese. 

Parkhurst, J. I., Clymer; cheese. 

Parsons, .James, Moons; cheese. 

Pease, Howard N., Delhi; butter, 
cheese. 

Peaslee, F., East Iiandol]3h; cheese. 

Peaslee, W. T., East I?andolph; cheese. 

Peck, S., Delhi; butter. 

Penfield, Oren, Franklin; butter. 

Peters, Daniel W., Stamford; butter. 

Peters, Eber V., Stamford; butter. 



Peters, H., Turin; cheese. 

Peters, J. N., Stamford; butter. 

Petrie, Alphonso, Middleville; cheese. 

Phillips, C. 11., Addison; butter. 

Pickard & Baker, Ilermou; cheese 

Piersou, R., Walton; butter. 

Pitkin, L. S., Loraine; cheese. 

Place, C. Jj., Gouverneur; cheese. 

Piatt, H. N., McDonough; butter. 

Poll_y, C. S., Margaretville; butter. 

Porter, Geo. B., New Haven; cheese. 

Post, F. F., Delhi; butter. 

Potter, Chas. O., Franklin; butter. 

Powers, W. E., Forettville; cheese. 

Prentice, W., Owego; butter. 

Prentice, W. E., Newark Valley; butter. 

Price, 'Wm. II., New York; cheese. 

Purdy, Florence, McDonough; butter. 

Purdy, Geo. A., JIcDcnough; butter. 

Purdy, O. B., Downsvillc; butter. 

Purdy, Thomas, Green; butter. 

Putnam, Delos, Centralia; cheese. 

Quiulan, T. B., Van Horuesville; cheese. 

Race, E. E., Greene; butter. 

Ramsev, I-. Morristown; cheese. 

Rankin, L. G., Little Falls; cheese. 

Ransom, C. W., Dolgeville; cheese. 

Rathbun, G. H., Frauklin; butter. 

Raynor, Lewis .J., Copenhagen; cheese. 

Red Hook Creamery, Upper Red Hook; 
butter. 

Reed, J. J., Lansing; cheese. 

Reed, .James W., Caroline; butter. 

Reed. L. E., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Reed, Richard, Sinclair^'ille; cheese. 

Reed, William, Sinclairville; cheese 

Rees, IJ^. A., Lowville; cheese. 

Reilly, J. W.. Attica; cheese. 

Renolds, Geo., Theresa: cheese. 

Rexford, 0. W., Watertowu; butter. 

Rej-nolds, C. D., Roxbury, butter. 

Rice, .James, Little Falls; cheese. 

Rich, Frank, Bigelow; cheese. 

Richards, E., Owego; butter. 

Richardson, W. W., West Schuyler; 
cheese. 

Rider, F. A., Forestville; cheese. 

Roberts, Jos. J. , East Mei-edith ; butter. 

Robertson, JI., Bovina Centre, butter. 

Robertson, W. H., Delhi; butter. 

Rockwell, L. S. , Gilbertsville; cheese. 

Rogers, Chas S., Franklin; butter. 

Root, C. P., Gilbertsville; cheese. 

Rose, David, Ellington; cheese. 

Rose, E., Delhi; butter. 

Rothlisberger, R... New York; cheese. 

Rowlev, S. C, Ivennedy; cheese. 

Ruff, G. H., Stamford;" butter. 

Ruff, J. G., Margaretville; butter. 

Russell, James. Bovina Centre; butter. 

Russell. .Johu II., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Russell, John P., West Meredith; butter. 

Ru.ssell, S., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Rutherford, John T., Canton; butter. 

Rutherford, Thos. F., Madrid; butter. 

Rutherford, Walter, Madrid; butter. 



238 



IsTew York at the Wokld's Columbian ExposiTioisr. 



Rutherford, W., Waddington; butter. 
Rutherford, W. L., Waddington; butter. 
Salt Point Creamery, Salt Point; butter. 
Sanford, D. E., Nicholville; butter. 
Sanford, H. B., Franklin; butter. 
Sanford, M. C, Margaretville; butter. 
Sanford, K. J., Hopkinton; butter. 
Sanford, Ross M., Hobart; butter. 
Sanford, R. W., Margaretville; butter. 
Sanford, W. L., Walton; butter. 
Scheidell, Chas., Jefferson ville; butter. 
Searl, J. H., Lowville; cheese. 
Secor, Geo. E. , Randolph; cheese. 
Secor, R. C. , Sinclairviile; cheese. 
Secor, W. G., Pope; cheese. 
Shannon, M. A., Edenton; cheese. 
Sharp, J. J., Howard; cheese. 
Shattuck, J. B., Cherry Creek; butter. 
Shaver, Geo., Shavertown; butter. 
Shaw, A., Andes; butter. 
Shaw, J. B., Crary's Mills; butter. 
Shea, M. C, Attica; cheese. 
Sheffner, E. A., Edwards; cheese. 
Sheldon, G. B. & Son, Gouverneur; 
butter. 

Shepard, D. L., Mount Upton; butter. 
Shipman, Chas., Owego; Ijutter. 
Shoulette, C. J., Rossie; cheese. 
Shull, Josiah, Ilion; butter. 
Shults, A. M., State Line; butter. 
Sherruck Creamei-y, Slierruck; butter. 
Shutts, E. M,, Stamford; butter. 
Sibley & Rowley, Kennedy ; butter. 
Sigbee, James, Franklin; laulter. 
Simpson, D. C, Jasper; butter. 
Sinclair, W. A., Kanona; butter. 
Sisson, Geo. W., Potsdam; butter. 
Sloat, Zach, Franklin; butler. 
Slosson, Ira. Roxbury; butter. 
Slosson, J. B. , Roxbury; butter. 
Smith, Alex., E. Meredith; butter. 
Smith, Alpheus, Norwich; cheese. 
Smith, A. J., Mannsville; cheese. 
Smith, B. S., Roxbury; butter. 
Smith, Chas., East Meredith; butter. 
Smith, G. A., Frankfort; cheese. 
Smith, Irving, Richville; cheese. 
Smith, .Jackson, Herkimer; cheese. 
Smith, Jacob, Mundale; butter. 
Smith, James M., Bloomfield; butter. 
Smith, J. D., Walton; butter. 
Smith, John H. , Forestville; cheese. 
, Smith, Miss Jennie, Bath; butter. 

Smith, Monroe, East Randolph; cheese. 
Smith, Murray H., Sinclairviile; cheese. 
Smith & Powell, Syracuse; butter. 
Smith, R., Delhi; I5utter. 
Smith, T. W., Kanona; butter. 
Smith, W. B., Bovina Centre; butter. 
Smith, W. E., Gouverneur; cheese. 
Spencer, Wm. C, Lowville; cheese. 
Spink, E., Attica; cheese. 
Squires, Albert, Franklin; butter. 
Standard Butter Co., Owego; butter. 
Star Factor}' Co., Antwerp; cheese. 
Starin, B. F. , Kirk ville; cheese. 



Starkweather, R. G., Jordanville; 
cheese. 

Starly, Mathew, Margaretville; butter. 

Stary, L. , Kennedy; cheese. 

Stedman, Frank, Attica; butter. 

Steele, Thomas L., Delhi; butter. 

Steuber, S. S., Holland Patent; cheese. 

Steveus, A. A., Charlotte Center; cheese. 

Stevens, M. E., Charlotte Center; cheese. 

Stevens, Nelson, West Groton; butter. 

Stewart, C. W., Stamford; butter. 

Stewart, Hector, Stamford; butter. 

Stewart, J. B., Delhi; butter. 

Stewart, John, Stamford; butter. 

Still, C. B. , Theresa; cheese. 

Stockton, S. J., Coijenhagen; cheese. 

Stockwell, Frank, Copenhagen; cheese. 

Stone, E. L., Mannsville; C'lieese. 

Stone, Manly, E. Randolph; cheese. 

Stoutenberg, C. L., Dehli; butter. 

Stoutenburg, W. G. , Delhi; cheese. 

Straight, J. P., Laona; cheese. 

Strangeway, J. L. , Andes; butter. 

Stradling, Thos., & Son, Hamilton; 
butter. 

Sunlan, J., Delhi; butter. 

Suttle, R., Downsville; butter. 

Sweetiand, H. S., Randolph; cheese. 

Swift, G. G, Jordanville; cheese. 

Swift, Nathan W., Paines Hollow; 
cheese. 

Tabor, James E., Centralia; cheese. , 

Talcott, C. H., Massena Springs; butter. 

Taylor, Clayton C, Lawton Station; 
butter. 

Taylor, H. P., Stamford; butter. 

TeflEt, Geo. H., South Stockton; cheese. 

Tefft, Lewis, South Stockton; cheese. 

Telford, T., Delhi; butter. 

Thomas, D. G., Alexander; cheese. 

Thompson, A. C, Owego; butter. 

Thompson, A. N., Delhi; butter. 

Thomp.son, John M., Delhi; butter. 

Thompson, J. R., Delhi; butter. 

Thompson, Thomas, Sinclairviile; 
cheese. 

Thompson, Wm., Delhi; butter. . 

Todd, D. & 0., Margaretville; butter. 

Torn, C. G., Hobart; "butter. 

Tower, L. H., Moons; cheese. 

Travor, Walter, Days ville; cheese. 

Truesdell, H. E., Canton; cheese. 

Tschumey, S. , Constableville; cheese. 

Tucker, O. J., Newport; cheese, 

Tuthill, Edw. E., Stamford; butter. 

Tuttle, A. L., South Edmeston; cheese. 

Tuttle, C. D., East Randolph; cheese. 

Tuttle, C. L., East Randolph; cheese. 

Tuttle, E. E., Jefferson; butter. 

Tweedie, A. B., Walton; butter. 

Union Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Valkins, Edward, Attica; cheese. 

Van Akin, J. D.. Loomis; butter. 

Van Amburgh, Eber, Stamford; butter. 

Van Benschoten, H. 0., Margaretville; 
butter. 




X 
X 

< 

a 



Eepoet on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 



239 



Van Demark, W. , Owcgo; butter. 

Van Dyke, Edward, Delhi; butter. 

Van Etten, E. . Owego; butter. 

Van Horn, N., Korth Bay; cheese. 

Van Wagner, Jared, Lawyersville; 
butter. 

Var_v. W. H., Harrisburgh; cheese. 

Wafer, James, Kcwville; cheese. 

Wager, D. A., North Brookfield; cheese. 

Wait, M. R,, Canton; cheese. 

Waketield, C. B. , Kennedy; cheese. 

Walker, .J. B., Attica; butter. 

Walker, J. W.. Charlotte Center; cheese. 

Walker, W. H., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Walters, L. , Newark Valley; butter. 

Wtilworth, H. A., Greene; butter. 

Water, D. W., Rice's; cheese. 

Waterman, J., Owego; butter. 

Weaver, Fred., Cherry Creek; butter. 

Weller, J. S., Fairfield; cheese. 

West Concord Factor\', Collins; cheese. 

Western. H. L., Canton; cheese. 

Wheat, J. F., Croton; butter. 

Wheelock, S. C, North Winfield; 
cheese. 

White, John W., Hobart; butter. 

Whitford, Leroj', Stow; butter. 

Wiglesworth, Mrs., Russell; cheese. 



Wilber, Frank, Franklin; butter. 

Wilcox, C. C, Oswego Falls; butter. 

Wilcox, James, Shavertown; butter. 

Wilder, J. D., Centralia; cheese. 

Williams, T. J., Remsen; cheese. 

Williams, W. D., Malone; butter. 

Wilson, Cyrus B., Fredonia; cheese. 

Wilson, W. R., Delhi; butter. 

Winchester, M. D., Attica; cheese. 

Winter, Jno. W., New Kingston; butter. 

Winter, Robt. A., Margaretville; butter. 

Winter, Wm, T. , New Kingston; butter. 

Wood, John, Ruth; butter. 

Wood, James L., DeKalb June.; cheese. 

Wood, J. M. & C. A., Ruth; butter. 

Wooster, C. A., North Hammond; 
cheese. 

Worden Bros., Andes; butter. 

Wright, Abner C, Wellsburgh; butter. 

Wright, Geo. R., Marcy; cheese. 

Wyman, J. B., Orwell; butter. 

Yoemans, Mrs. Wm., Delhi; butter. 

Young, George, North Hammond; 
cheese. 

Young & Young. Fillmore; cheese. 

Youngling, Louis, New York; cheese. 

Zoar Factory, Collins; cheese. 

ZoUer, J., Little Falls; cheese. 



INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS. 

GEOCP 1. CEEEALS, GRASSES. 

American Cereal Co., New York; fari- j Henderson, Peter, & Co., New York; 
naceous foods, etc. field seed. 

Conklin, E. W., & Son., Binghamton; Whitney, Noyes Seed Co., Bingham- 
seed. I ton; seed. 



GEOUP 2. BEEAD, BISCUITS, STAECH, ETC, 

Co., New 



Columbia ^lacaroni Mfg 
York; macaroni. 

Durkee, E. R., & Co., New York; bak- 
ing powder. 

Kingsford & Son, Oswego; starches. 



National Starch Mfg. Co., New York: 
starches. 

New York Biscuit Co., New York: 
crackers, etc. 

Thacher, H. D., & Co., Potsdam, N. Y, 
baking powder. 



GEOUP 6. 



-SCGAES, SYEUPS, COXFECTIONEEY, ETC. 



American Sugar Refining Co., New 
York; sugars. 

Curtice Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y.; 
maple syrup. 

Dietrich & Co., New York; confection- 
ers' and bakers' trimmings. 

Geneva Experiment Station, Geneva; 
sorghum cane, sugar, syrup. 

Hastings, Matthew E., New York 
Mills, N. Y. ; beekeepers' supplies. 

Little, Malcora, Malcom, cane syrup. 

Jlaillard, Henry, New York; confec- 
tionery. 



McCullum, John, Caledonia; sorghum. 

McKeel, Isaac, Poplar Ridge; amber 
cane syrup. 

McMillan, James, Fairport; amber cane 
syrup. 

National Starch Mfg. Co., New York; 
glucose. 

Overbaugh & Hartman, New York; 
confectioners' cartoons. 

Schall & Co., New York; confectionery 
ornaments. 

Worthington, H. R., New York; sugar 
pumps. 



240 



Nkw York at 'niE World's Cor-uMniAN Exposition. 



GROUP 6. — FOOD PRKPAKATIONS. 

American Lactose Co., NcwYovli; milk 
sugars. 

J5ovineCo., New Yoriv; extract beef. 

Curtice Bros., liocliester, N. Y.; canned 
meats. 

(Uirtico, Olucy Co., Bocliester, N. Y., 
ciuuied corn, etc. 

JX'ulirriau, Mariner O., New Yorlc; mat- 
zoou iiud mutzol. 



Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; 
canned vegetables. 

Franco- American Food Co., New Yorlv; 
soups, etc. 

Humbert, Henry & Co., Brool'ilyu, N. 
Y., ,ie!!y, soups. 

New Yoric C'ondensed Milli Co., New 
Yorlv; condensed milk. 

Beliepp, JjCopold, New York; coeoanut. 



GKOUP Y. DAIRY AND DAIRY PRODUCTS. 



Do Laval Separator Co., New York 
cream separators, etc. 

Diamond Balance Cliurn Co., Ballston 
cliurns. 

Elswortb, Edward, & Co., New York 
dog biscuit. 

Genesee Salt Co., New York; salt. 

Hansen's, Chr., Laboratory, Little Falls; 
butter aud elieese. 



Jack Frost Freezer Co., New York; 
ice cream freezers. 

Marquis James B., Norwich; butter, etc. 

Scoville, E. N., Manlius; faucets. 

Thacber Manufacturing Co., Potsdam; 
dairy supplies. 

Watson, Abraham, New York ; ice 
cream freezers. 

Wortliington, H, R., New York; pumps, 
and condensers. 



GROUP 8. — T15A, COFFEE, SPICES, AROMATIC AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 

Maillard, Henry, New York; cocoa, etc. 
Nash, Whiton&Co., New York; spices, 



Antonsaurti, M., & Co., New Dorp; 
sauces. 

Consolidated Cigarette Co., New York; 
cigarettes. 

Curtice Bros., Rochester; tomato cat- 
sup. 

i)urkee, E. R., & Co., New York; .spices, 
sauces, etc, 

Elliuger, Jidius, & Co., New York; 
cigars. 

Gart^ia, F. A., & Co., New York; cigars. 

Gulden, ('has.. New York; mu.stard. 

Kerbs, Wertlieim & SliilTer, New York; 
cigars. 

Lozauo, Pendas & Co., Now York; 
cigars. 



etc. 

New York Condensed Milk Co., New 
York; extract of colTee. 

Oltcnberg, L., & Co., New York; cigars. 

Stahl, Jacob, Jr., New York; cigars. 

Sanchez & Haya, New York; cigars. 

Seidenberg & Co., Now York; cigars. 

Staehlberg, M., & Co., New "York;, 
cigars. 

"Surbrug, John W ., New York ; tobacco. 

Upniann, Carl, New York; cigars, 

Ybor, V. M., & Maurara, New York;, 
cigars. 



GROUP 9. ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FIBRES. 

Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; cotton I Wallis, Lispenard, Cotton Picker and 
gin. I Machinery Co., New York; cotton picker. 

GROUP 10. MINERAL WATERS. 

(See, also. Mines and Mining Catalogue, pa.ge 358.) 

Goode, Thomas P., Buffalo; mineral 1 Morgan, John, New York; mineral 
water. | water. 

GROUP 1.1. — WHISKIES, CIDER AND ALCOHOL. 

(See, also, Viticulture Catalogue, pages 348-351.) 

Curtice Bros. Co., "Rochester; vinegar. 
Franchi, Emilio M., New Yorlv; ver- 
mouth. 



Osborn, John, Son & Co., New York; 
rve whiskev. 

' Wolfs, Udolpho, Son &Co., New York;, 
schnapps. 



GROUP 12. MALT LIQUORS. 



Beadleston & Woerz, New York; lager, 
beer, etc. 

Evans, C. H., Hudson; ale. 



Mayer, David, Brewing Co., New York;, 
lager, ales. 



Report on the Agricultukal Exhibit. 



241 



GROUP 13. — FARM MACHINERY. 
Worthiugtou, H. R., New York,- distillery pumps. 

GRO0P 14. FARM BUILDINGS. 

Bucklej', C. E., Dover Plains; stable I Thompson, A. L., East Avon; fastener 
fitting. I for wire fenee. 

GROUP 10. — FARM TOOLS AND MACltlNKRY. 



Adriance, Piatt & Co,, Poughkeepsie; 
binder, reaper, etc. 

Amcricau Tillage Co., New York; steam 
plow and seeder. 

Astor, John Jacob, New York; road 
improver. 

Birdsall Co., Auburn; thresher and 
separator. 

Champion Drill Co., Avon; grain 
drills. 

Chanler, John A., New York; method 
for constructing roads. 

Climax Koad Machine Co., Marathon; 
road machine. 

Clipper Chilled Plow Co., Elmira; 
plows, harrows, etc. 

Columbian Ccrdage Co., Auburn; bind- 
ing twine. 

Dederick, P. K., & Co., Albany ; 
mounted engine. 

Empire Drill Co., Shortsville; grain 
drills. 

Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; rice 
and eollee huller. 

Eureka Mower Co., Utiea; mower. 



Gillette Clipping Machine Co., New 
York; horse clipping machine. 

Hendricks, D. B., Kingston ; baling 
presses. 

Johnston Harvester Co., Batavia; har- 
vester and binder. 

Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., Syracuse; 
manure spreader. 

Morgan, D. S., & Co., Brockport; har- 
rows and hoes. 

Osborne, D. M., & Co., Auburn; 
harrows. 

Slauson, Daniel, Pulton; iron gate. 

Stevens, A.AV., & Son, Auburn; thresh- 
ing machine. 

Superior Land Roller Co., Geneva;, 
field rollers. 

Syracuse Chilled Plow Works, Syra- 
cuse; plows, etc. 

Touslej' Harvester Co., Jamestown; 
harvester, etc. 

AVestinghouseCo., Schenectady; thresh- 
ers. 

Wood, Walter A., Mowing and Reap- 
ing Machine Co., Hoosick Falls; har- 
vester, etc. 



GROUP 17. FERTILIZERS. 



Grace, Wm. R., & Co., 
soda potash, etc. 



New York; 



Knox, Chas. B., Johnstown; gelatine. 
McLeish, E. E., &Co., Buffalo; gelatine. 



GROUP 18. — OILS, SOAPS, ETC. 



American Cotton Oil Co., New York; 
cotton seed oil, etc. 

Baker Castor Oil Co. , New York; castor 
oil. 

Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; candles and 
beeswax. 

Dall, Chas, Newburgh; cloth renovator. 

Eckerraami & Will, Syracuse; beeswa.v 
and caudles. 



Miller, Wm. P., Co., Brooklyn; lubri- 
cating compound. 

Noonen, T. H., & Co., New York; 
clotlies cleaner. 

Phcenix Candle Co., New York; candles. 

Scoville, E. U., Maulius; hay fork 
pulleys. 

Ward, Everett, New York; soaps and 
soap powder. 



DEPAETMENT B. GROIQ' 21. 

Exhibits classed in other departments, but installed in this: 
Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo; preserved fruits. 

DEPARTMENT C. GROUP 3-1. 

Exhibits installed in other departments but allied to this: 
Lindemann, O., & Co., New York; bird cages. 

DEPARTMENT E. GROUP 48. 

Nash, Whiton & Co., New York; salt. 
31 



REPORT ON THE IIORTKULTIIRAL EXHIBIT, 

VITICULTURE. 



Br GEORGE C. SNOW, Penn Yan, Superintendent. 



In 184-G tlie jN^ew York city market for grapes was broken linder 
pressure of a shipment of 2l10 to 300 pounds sent hy way of the Erie 
■canal by a grower in the Keuka lake district. In the season of 1890 
there was shipped from this same distidct to varions distributing 
markets, 20,000 tons, or 40,000,000 pounds, of grapes. This was, of 
course, independent of tlie amount sold to makers of wine. The total 
shipments of table grapes from the New York State district in the 
season of 1S90 amounted to 98,000,000 pounds. It appears fi'om the 
same census bulletin from which these figures are drawn that tlie grape 
crop of New York returns in money value to the grower more than 
that of California. For the present year the aggi-egate yield of grapes 
for the table in this State will not be less than 100,000 tons. 

The fact that New York's position as a grajie-growing and wine- 
producing State is not generally known or fully appreciated, fui'nished 
an additional reason for organizing a bureau of viticulture as a branch 
of the State exhibit. The classification of the exposition called for an 
exhibit of the grape and its products ; the methods of pruning and 
training vines ; packages for marketing grapes ; the literature and, 
statistics of viticulture. The appointment of the superintendent was 
not made till October, 1892, somewliat too late to secure an adequate 
collection of many varieties of the crop of that year for exhibition in 
1S93. A satisfactory exhibit was, however, brought together under 
the following division of the exposition classification : 

Class 119 — The vhie and its varieties — shown by living examples, 
by cuttings, by engravings, photographs, etc. 

Class 120 — Methods of planting, staking and training the vine. 

Class 122 — Grapes for table. 

Class 123 — Grapes for wine making. 

Class 125 — Methods of and appliances for cultivating, harvesting, 
curing, packing and shipping grapes. 

Class 126 -- \¥hite wines. 

Class 127 — Red wines. 

Class 128 — Sweet wines. 

Class 129 — Spaflvling wines, champao'ne. 

Class 131 — Brandy of all kinds. 

In class 119 a fine collection of photographs, containing forty plates, 
was made. By permission and through the courtesy of L. H. Bailey, 
professor of horticulture at Cornell IJniversitv, these were selected 
from liis large private collection, and illustrated in detail the principal 
methods of pruning and training the vine used most extensively in 
the State. In addition to these, sixteen typical grape vines were cut 



Eepoet on the Yiticultcee Exhibit. 243 

from their roots at the surface of the ground in the vineyards, tahen 
from tlie trellis carefully, boxed and transported to the nursery grounds 
at the exposition. Here they -were placed on a trellis of the same 
material and style as the one from which taken, and showed precisely 
as liefore removal. These vines were from the vineyards of William 
D. Barnes, of Middle Hope, illustrating the KnifEen system ; from those 
of G. E. Emmerson, of Loekport, illustrating the modified Kniii'en 
system, and from those of G. C. Snow, of Penn Yan, and Eb. G. 
Coleman, of Bluff Point, illustrating the renewal system. 

A further photographic display was made on eight by ten cards of 
the many varieties of grapes native to the State. 

TJiese were mounted on large cards, twenty-two by twenty-eight, and 
exhibited in cabinets. 

Class 120 was well represented by the trellis required for exhibiting the 
vines desci'ibed as being placed in the nursery in the preceding class ; 
the training, by replacing the vines on the trellis in the same position 
in which they liad been trained in the vineyard previous to removal. 

In classes 122 and 123, grapes for table use and wine making, an 
exhibit was shown which excelled anything of the kind ever made in 
quality and quantity ; 295 varieties were shown. It would be proper 
to divide the display in two periods, one of the crop of 1892, and 
the other the crop of 1S93, as the State was awarded a medal 
and diploma on each. Owing to the lateness of the season at 
which the work of collection was begun in 1S92, most of the varieties 
wanted had become too ripe to be of value for holding. Three vari- 
eties, Catawbas, from the vineyard of George S. Sheppard, Dianas, from 
the vineyards of Harvey D. Pratt, and Isabellas, from the vineyard of 
Frank Kinyoun, all situated on Bluif Point, Lake Keuka, were selected. 
They were placed in cold storage at Penn Yan about ISTovember 1, 
1892, and there held until spring ; about thirty cases in all. Four 
cases were forwarded by express to tlie exposition in time foi- the open- 
ing. In the meantime, the rest were sent forward by freight and 
placed in the Cold Storage Building on the exposition grounds, being 
taken thence to the Horticultural Building as needed. Fresh grapes of 
the three varieties were exhibited from Slay first, the opening day, to 
August first. During a large part of this time there were 150 plates 
on exhibition, about evenly divided as to varieties among the above- 
named. In the fire, which consumed the Cold Storage Building with 
its contents, on July 12, 1893, eight cases of Xew York grapes were 
destroyed. But for this loss, fresh grapes would have been exhibited 
in good condition from the beginning to the end of the exposition, 
from the State of New York. Xo room being assigned by the expo- 
sition authorities for the display of grapes alone, space was, of necessity, 
used in the pomological department ; in consequence of this, a smaller 
display was made than would have been under other circumstances. 

The crop of 1893 l)egan to arrive on the fifteenth day of August, the 
first being of the Champion variety, sent by William D. Barnes, of 
Middle Hope, X. Y. ; others followed in rapid succession from that sec- 
tion. The State Experiment Station at Geneva, came next, with 
twenty varieties, on September fourth ; and Mr. G. E. Ryckman, of 



244 Nk\y York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Broctoii, Cliiiutiin(|aa eoiinty, Bciit a imiuber of varieties on Septem- 
ber tiftli. These Jot-aiities represent tlie eastern, central and western 
portions of the State. On September sixteentli 51(i j)lates were dis- 
played, and during the month of October about 1,2U0 were constantly 
in evidence. This display was continually changing, and to keep it in 
perfect condition, reqnii'ed the replacing on an average of 150 plates 
daily. Particular attention was paid to tiie arrangement of the exhibit, 
so that new varieties might be compared M'ith old ; also, that the keep- 
ing ([ualities of the different \'arieties could be tested. The most cai'e- 
ful attention was given to correct nomenclature, and every o])|)ortunity 
was afforded those from abrosid, or unfamiliar with the fruit, to gain 
desired information ; a competent attendant was always present to 
answer inquiries. Many new varieties Avei'e exhibited. Among the 
most j)rominent contributors of these were the New York Expei'iment 
Station at (ieneva; J). S. Marvin, of Watertown ; J. S. Copley, of 
Stapleton ; I'^lhvanger & Itariy, of IJochester ; and W. II. Millspaugh, 
of Branchport. The largest cluster of grapes exhibited during the 
exposition from any place was grown and contributed by David M. 
Dunning, of Auburn, N. Y., and weighed nine and one-half pounds. 

No distinction was made as between grapes for wines and grapes for 
the table, as nearly all our native \'arieties and their hybrids are used 
for both purposes. Several wine companies made an exhibit of the 
grapes M'hich they use. The grapes exhibited were contrilnited by ]70 
growers, situated in different parts of the State. A circular of insti'uc- 
tions concerning packing, together witli printed shipping tags, mailed 
to a large nnndjer of growers, resulted in the fruit arriving in good 
order and with very few exceptions in good time. Except in the case 
of the fruit placed in cold storage in the fall of 1892, the entire exhibit 
Avas com])osed of fruit contributed by growers distributed o\'ei' a very 
wide territory of the State. Their names and the \'arieties re[)resented 
will l)e fouiul in the catalogue. 

In class 119 the State of Hew York I'eceived an award for photo- 
graplis of vines and models of training, etc. In class 122 the State of 
New Yoi'k received an award for its exliibit of grapes of the crop of 
1892. Also an award for its display of grapes of the crop of 1893. 
In classes J 19 and 122 the State of New York and private exhibit- 
ors from the State received more awards than all the other States 
combined. In class 12;") live manufacturing com])anies made entries of 
baskets and other devices for the safe slii].)meut oi fruit from the vine- 
yards to the various markets. No exhibits were made in this class 
from otlier States oi' countries. 

Situated in tlie gallery of the Udrtli pii\iliiin, where there was ample 
' room, these exhibits could be thoroughly examined by all interested, 
and as each de\'iceK-was used in transp(irting the fruit to the exposi- 
tion, their ])ractical value was fairly tested. 

Winks. 
Next to California New York was the lai-gest exhibitor of American 
wines. A mucli more imjiressive showing could ha\-e been made by 
the State had it been in one space instead of the three, which the 



Report ox the Yitutltuke Exiiihit. 245 

exigencici? of the department coinpellcd lis to accept. The exiiihit in 
the gallery occupied 3-1:2 square feet of space and on the ground tioor 
SGi square feet. Exhibits wei'e made by sixteen manufacturers of 
witio and eight of brandy. The tests made at this exposition will tend 
to establish and contirni tlie fact that wines, especially champagnes, 
nuule in this State are of good quality and will serve to demonstrate 
that the indnstry must rapidly inci'oase and soon become one of the 
leading sources of our wealth. New York is already the second State 
in wine production in the United States and the out])nt is rapidly 
increasing. 

Some improTements in methods must be accepted in the near futui'e, 
upon \j-liicli will rest a large share of further success. One in partic- 
ular applies not only to New York State, but to all manufacturers 
throughout the United States. The fault into which most manufac- 
turers seem to fall is in making too many varieties of wines from 
grapes grown in any one locality. It is a recognized fact in the old 
wine-producing districts abroad, that special kinds of M-ines are best iu 
limited localities, and even the best quality of a given variety is still 
more limited in area, even to a single trellis in a vineyard. This is the 
opinion after hundreds of years' experience, and results in the produc- 
tion of wines with world-wide i-ejiutatious. The results of the Chicago 
Exposition fully l)ear out this view. Some localities will warrant a tine 
claret, soiue excel in ])ort and sherry, while othei's ])roduce fine M'ines 
named for the grajies from wliich made, and whicli excel, as the grape 
excels, in that locality. 

New York State has three sections where the grapes grow to ])er- 
fection. The first is the Hudson liiver district; the second, the Cen- 
tral or Lake section, and the third the C!iautau(jua district, situated 
near the Lake Erie shore in Cliautau<|ua county. From each some 
line wines were shown. From the Hudson came the fine exhibit made 
by the Brotherhood AVine Company, whose cellars are at Washington- 
ville, Orange county. The business was organized about fifty years 
ago, and some choice M-ines made before 1850 are still in the vaults. 
CJliautauqna county was well represented by E. (t. Ryckman, of 
Brocton, and ]Messrs. Fidler iV Skinner, of Portland. J\[any varieties 
of wines from these two cellars were of the vintages of 1805, isTu, 
187-i and later. The Brocton Wine C'ompany, under a difl'cri'ut 
management, Ijegan business in 1859, and has l)cen enlarged until the 
floor space now occupied is uearly 13,000 square feet. By fur the 
largest portion of wines made in the State is on the shores of Lake 
Keuka and vicinity. The j)lanting of vines began here in 18-12. 
There was no organized com])any for the wine manufactui'e until 
the organization of the Pleasant A'alley Wine Company in 18()(). 
Champaij;ne is the leading kind of wine niade by this coin])any, the 
"Great Western Extra Dry" being the best brand. From this begin- 
ning has grown a large iiulustry, and numcj-ous firms are now located 
in the district, the most prominent l^eing the Germania AYine C!ellars, 
the Columbia Wine Cellars and the Crescent Wine Company. The 
capacitv of the Pleasant \"alley Wine Company, for the manufacture 
of champagne, has been nearly doubled within tiio jnist year. Tlje 



24:6 New Yoek at the World's Columbimst Exposition. 

Germania Wine Cellars occupy a very pleasant location on the hillside 
near the Pleasant valley. This company coutines its ener2;ies to the 
making of champagne and a few varieties of still wines. The leading 
l)rand of champagne is the " Excelsior." The post office of this vicinity 
of the Lake district is Eheims. It should be noted tliat all, or nearly 
all, of the makers of 'wines are growers as well of grapes which they 
nse for their wines. The Hammondsport Wine Company is situated 
in the village of Hammondsport. Tlie jDrincipal business for many 
years was still wines but of late they have been making a fine brand of 
champagne, known as the " Golden Age." There are various other 
wine cellars in the village. About four miles from Hammondsport is 
the Urbana Wine Cellar on the west shore of the lake. Tlie lead- 
ing production of this company is chamjjagne, the leading brand being 
the " Gold Seal," though much still wine is made. The plant has been 
nearly, if not quite, doubled within the past two years. This com- 
pany was organized in 1865, and they are extensive growers of grapes. 
Two or three miles further down the lake, at Gibson's Landing, is the 
Keuka Wine Comj^any, organized a little later than the Urbana Com- 
pany. The principal business has been the making, of still wines, but 
for a few years they have been making champagne. The leading 
brand is the " L. K. W." The Helvetia Wine Cellar is located at 
Keuka, on the easterly side of the lake, and manufactures still wines 
exclusively. 

At Penn Yan are situated the wine cellars of the Empire State 
Wine Company, the Hammondsport Vintage Conipanj^ and otlier 
makers. The leading productions of these companies are still wines, 
though the Empire Company is beginning to make chamjjagne. 

The Irondequoit Wine Company have tlieir vineyards and wine cel- 
lars on the shores of the Irondequoit bay, near Rochester. They are 
producers of still wines, niade and sold entirely for medicinal purposes. 
Messrs. H. T. Dewey & Sons, though situated in tlie city of New 
York, have a lai-ge percentage of their wines made on the shores of 
Lake Keuka. They exhibited champagne as well as many varieties of 
still wines. Seneca lake was represented by wines from the cellar of 
LI. T. (fe J. D. Henderson. They are makers of a few varieties of very 
good wines and are extensive growers of grapes as well. 

Nearly all the wine mtdiers make brandy, some of them of a very 
good quality, as will be seen by examination of the lists of awards 
made at the exposition. The Pleasant Valley, Urbana, Germania and 
Brocton companies, in addition to their exhibit of wines, made exhibits 
of the graj^es from which their wines are manufactured. There may 
be found a number of otlier wine cellars in various localities in the 
State. The ones mentioned are those who made exhibits of their pro- 
ducts at the exposition. 

New York is the leading State in the production of American cham- 
pagne and is only surpassed in the amount of still wines hj California. 
The list made at the exposition will tend to establish and confirm the 
fact that wines made in this State are of good quality, especially the 
champagnes, and indications are tliat the business is rapidly increasing 
and soon to become one of the leading industries of the State. A 



Report on the Viticultuee Exhibit. 247 

mimber of wine makers exliihited in all the five classes for wines and 
brandy as named in the official classification, viz.: Class 126 — White 
wines; Class 127 — Red wines; Class 128 — Sherries, Madeira and 
Port; Class 129 — Sparkling wines, and Class 131 — Brandy. Details 
of the names of exhibitors and the products shown are given in the 
catalogues. 

A ver}' creditable exhibit of wines was made other than those from 
the grajie, such as currant, elderljerry, raspberry and blackberry wine. 
Of unfermented grape juice six manufactui'ers sent exhibits. This is a 
comparatively new product, being non-alcoholic, but embodying all there 
is in the grape, except the skin and seeds. A novel and interesting 
feature was the exhibit of cider bi-andy made by nine different pro- 
ducer's, seven of whom received awards. Thirty-one Kew York exhib- 
itors of wines and brandies received awards. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 



MENT B, HORTICULTURE. 



COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. 

GEOUP 20. GEAPES AND AVINES. 



NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ESHIBITOKS OP 
GRAPES. 

Almy, W. C, Dundee; Archer, F. B., 
Ripley; Allen, H., Clarkson; Andrews, 
Paris, Perry. 

Barnes, W. D., Middle Hope; Brown, 
W. B,, Newburg; Brooks, Emma, High- 
land; Barnes, Frank, Newburg; Burton, 
H. A., Ripley; Bentley, S. P., Side Hill, 
Chautauqua Co.; Bateley, Mrs., Ripley; 
Benson, J. S., Riplej'; Baker, Emorj% 
Ripley; Barber, C. H., Ripley; Barrett, 
W. A., Ripley; Bradt, Cornelius, Castile; 
Balbridge, C. J., Kendaia; Bassett, Peter, 
Jr., Branchport; Bailey, Wm., Church- 
ville; Babcock, Arnold, Branchport; 
Brown, Julia, Ripley; Burgess, A. J., 
Ripley; Barnes, H. 51., Sodus. 

Crissy, S. S., Fredonia; Chase, Geo. S., 
Beuneltsburg; Coryell, L. H., Portland; 
Conle)^ E. M., Waterbury; Crawford 
Bros., N. East; Cristy, B., Ripley; Crouch, 
W. W.. Ripley; Crocker, W., & Sou, 
Ripley; Case, C. W., Ripley; Chautau- 
qua & N. E, Grape Union, Brocton; Coe, 
Daniel, Highland; Cadwell, R. L. . Broc- 
ton; Cranston, Geo,, Sheridan; Cadwell, 
A. J., Port Byron; Case, Mrs. M. F., Rip- 
ley; Colvin, Mary, Ripley; Copley, Chas. 
J., Stapleton. 

Dill, Robert, N, East; Dunning, B. M., 
Auburn. 

Edgerton, E. I., Himrods; Ely, Wm., 
Hector; Eddy, O , Ripley; EUwanger & 
Barry, Rochester. 

Pay & Kelley, Brocton; Fletcher, O. 
B., Marlborough; Ferrant, J. A., Ripley; 
Farnham, H. McN., Ripley: Felton, G. 
J., Ripley; Fairchild, O. H., Hammonds- 
port. 

Gelder, W. V., Dresden; Gleason, W. 
B. , Westfield ; Germania Wine Co., Ham- 
mondsport ; Garrell, M., Westfield; 
Garlock, N. H., Sheridan; Gilletts, Mrs. 
M. S., Perry; Gay, to P., Ripley; Gardi- 
ner, A., Middle Hope; Gridley, A., Penn 
Yan. 

Hampton, Edward S., Spring Brook; 
Hardenbrook, E. & I., Willard;" Hamlet, 
E. E., Sheridan; Hortou, Joel, Covert; 
Hart & Scott, Penn Yan; Harris, Wm, 
H., Brocton; Haslitt, J. R., Hector. 

Inbury, G., Ripley. 



Johnson, J. M., Ripley; Jones, E., 
Ripley; Jones, R. M., Ripley. 

King & Robinson, Trumansburg; Keith, 
James, Ripley; Kingsley, E. T., Rijjley. 

Leet, C E., Mooreheadville; Little, T. 
B., Ripley; Lewis, H. T., Ripley; Leet, 
C. A., Mooreheadville; Lewis, A. J., Rip- 
ley; Lewis, C. C, Westfield; Long Point 
Vinej-ard Co., Dresden; Little, Edith, 
Ripley; Lobbett, J. J,, North Ridgeway. 

Millspaugh, W. H., Branchport; 
Marvin, D. S., Watertown; Mason, O. L., 
Ripley; Moorehead,- M., Mooreheadville; 
Milligan, A. J., Mooreheadville; Murphy, 
W. H., Ripley; Morse, A.. Ripley; Ma- 
son, G. W., Ripley; Miner, H. T., 
Sheridan; Moore, Jacob, Attica. 

New York E.xperiment Station, Geneva. 

Ontbank, Geo. W., Ripley, Olin, B. P., 
North Hector. 

Perrj', A. R., Dresden; Pleasant Val- 
ley Wine Co., Rheims; Putman & Wcr- 
den, Fayetteville ; Peterplace, J.. Ripley ; 
Porte, C. R,, Ripley; Pater.son, J. W., 
Riplej'; Peabody, A. S., Ripley; Pierce, 
P. P., Ripley; Purdy, J., Penn Yan; 
Payne, J. J., Sodus; Parker, J, J., Rip- 
ley; Purdy, F. H., Bluff Point. 

Quinn, Johu, Ripley. 

Rj'ckman, G. E., Brocton; Reeder, Ly- 
man, Starkej'; Rice, C. VI.. Ripley; Ran- 
dall & Eddy, Ripley; Randall, Frank, 
Ripley; Royce, N. H., Ripley; Roberts, 
John'B., Carlton; Reed, 0. F., Romulus; 
Rice & Hunt, Ripley; Roberts, Johu F., 
Syracuse. 

Snow, G. C, Penn Yan; Seneca Lake 
Grape Co., Himrods; Stebins, H. P., Rip- 
ley; Schutt, Wm , Ripley; Spencer, 
Fiank. Ripley; Spitser, E. E., Ripley; 
Spencer, J. W., Westfield; Smith, H., 
Sheridan; Sheppard, Geo. S.. Penn Yan; 
Shelby, F. M , Sheridan; Sutton, E. & 
N., Ovid: Sauford, L. H., Gaines. 

Tompkins, Morris, Germantowu: Tres- 
cott, B. F., Pavihon; Tolles, E. B., 
Sheridan; Town, S. Chester. Castile; 
Tabor, A. M., Perry; Turner, J. B., On- 
tario; Tallman, C'. W., Batavia; Tuzer, 
Howard H., Bristol Springs; Tabor, H. 
E., Castile. 

IJrbana Wine Co. , Hammondsport. 

Van Vleet, A. & H. , North Hector. 



Eepoet on the Viticulture Exhibit. 



249 



Wells, S. J., Fayetteville; Welsh, B. H., 
Pittsford; Walkei', T. J.. Ripley; Wash- 
burn, A., Ripley; 'Whitehall. S. T., N. 
East; Wallace, L. E., Ripley; Woodruff, 
W., Ripley; AVisuer, Ellen, Ripley; Wood- 
ruff, J. B., Ripley; Wisner, Chas., Ripley; 
Whitney, C. P., Orleans. 

LIST OF V.^KIETIES OF GRAPES ON 
EXIIIBITIOX. 

Advance; Agawam; Amber Queen; 
Allen's Hybrid; August Giant; Adiron- 
dac, Aminia; Alma; Ambrosia; Alva. 

Brighton; Beagle; Bacchus; Beauty 
Black Pearl; Brown's Seedling; Bennett 
Babcock; Barry; Burnett; Black Taylor 
Boadicta; Barbarrossa. 

Croton; Clevener; Ceutenial; Clinton; 
Concord Seedling; Catawba; Creveling; 
Chautauqua (black); Cayuga; Char- 
ter Oak; Chautauijua (white); Canonicas; 
Concord X Vidpiua (10); Canada; Concord 
X Vulpina (2); Cranca; Cynthiana; Can- 
by's August; Columbia; Colerain; Cor- 
dello; Calypso; Corby; Champion; Cot- 
tage; Crystal Seedling; Concord. 

Delaware; Downing; Dracut Amber; 
Duchess; Diana; Diana Seedling; Dela- 
ware Seedling (white); Delaware Seedling 
(red); Don .Juan; Dingwell's AVhite; Dart- 
mouth; D'Elboux; Dai.sy. 

Early Victor; Early Ohio; Emeulan; 
Empire State; Elvibach; Elsinburgli; 
Earlj- 31,-irket; Elvira; Early Dawn; Eaton; 
Essex; Etta; Elvicanod. 

Faith; F;;vorite. 

Green Mountain; Grayson; Gov. Ire- 
land; Gaertner; Geneva; Germania; 
Grein's Golden; Goethe; Glenfield; Golden 
Grain; Gold Dust; Golden Drop. 

Herald; Hubeus; Hartford; Hayes; Her- 
bert; Higlilnnd; Hopican; Hercules; Har- 
rison; Haskell's Seedling; Hamjtton; 
Hebe. 

Isabella Seedling; Ives; Isabella; lona 
XLabrusca (a); lona; Ives Seedhng; Is- 
raella; lona X Labrusca (F); lona X Isa- 
bellas; loua X Labrusca (S); lona X La- 
brusca (D); Isabella Seedling (Xo. 3); 
Iron Clad; Imperial; lona X Labrusca 
(C). 

Janesville; Juno; Jessica; Jewell; Jef- 
ferson; Johuson. 

Little Blue; Lutie; Lady; Lindley; Lu- 
cille; Lindmar; Lady Washington XL ib. 
(E); Lulie; Labrusca Seedling, 

M;irion; ^label; Massasoit; Martha; 
Jloyer; Montetiori; Moore's Diamond; 
Merrimac; ilary: Metternich; Maxataw- 
ney; Muscadine; ilissouri Reisling; 
!Mills; Marion X Centennial (white); Mary's 
Favorite; Mary; Monroe; Minnehaha; 
Moore's No. 146; Moore's Xo. 210; Moore's 
No. 1.58; Moore's Nos. 207; Moore's No. 
221; Moore's No. 24.5; Moore's No. 24; 
Moore's No. 2.3; Moore's No. 234; Moore's 

?,2 



No. 216; Moore's No. 55; Moore's No. 207; 
Moore's No. 1(}0; Moore's No. 247; Moore's 
No. 32«; Moore's No. 352; Moore's No. 166; 
Moore's No. 211; Moore's No. 235; Moore's 
No. 230; Moore's No. 150; Moore's Con- 
cord; 3Iammoth Sage; Moore's Earlj-. 

No. 8. Con. X Vulpina; No. 36; Niagara; 
Northern Muscadine; Noah; No,3 Con, X 
Vulpina; Nectar; No. 13; No. 10 Con. X 
Vulpina; No, 19 Station; No. 20; Norton's; 
Norton's Virginia; Norwood; No Name; 
Niagara Sport (white); Norfolk Muscat. 

Olita; Oporto; Owasso; Othello. 

Peabody; Perkins; Peter Wiley; Para- 
dox, Pocklington, Poughkeepsie Red; 
Prentiss; Ptire Labrusca; Profitable; Para- 
gon. 

Rutland; Rebecca; Red Bird; Roches- 
ter; Requa; Reisling; Roscoe; Rogers No. 
13; Red Eagle; Rogers No. 5; Rustler; 
Rommel; Red Seedling; Ricketts No. 101; 
Rogers No. 101; Rogers No. 33; Rogers 
No. 21; Rogers No. 39; Rogers No. 11; 
Rogers No. 24; Rogers No. 41; Red Bird; 
Salem; Senesc[ua; Shelbj'; Standard; Seed- 
ling No. 1; Seedling No. 2; Stacy's Favor- 
ite; Seedling (B. B. Welsh); Secretary; 
Station No. 9. 

Telegraph; Taylor; Takland; Triumph; 
Tokalou. 

Unknown; Ulster Prolific; Unknown (m); 
Unknown Rogers Hybrid; Unknown (e); 
L^nknown (p); Unknown (o); Unknown 
(F); LTnknown (J); Unknown; LTnknown 
(sent to the station as Gaertner); Uhland; 
Unknown; Unknown (g). 

Vergennes: Victoria; Vitis Solonis; 
Vitis Rupestris; Vitis Doaniana; Vitis 
Solonis (son); Vitis Rupestris. 

Worden; White Jewell; Winchell; 
Wyoiuing Red; White Mountain Rose; 
Wilder; "\Vhite Clinton; "Worden; Wood- 
ruff Red; Walter; Wild; White Victor; 
White Ann Arbor; White Seedling; 
Worden Seedling. 

Yonkers Honey Dew. 

Zinnia. 

WINES. 
Individual Exhibits. 
Pleasant Valley Wine Co., Rheims; 
Urbana Wine Co., Urbana; H. T. Devey 
& Son, New Yorlv City; Lake Keuka 
Wine Co., Hammondsport; Hammonds- 
port Wine Co., Hammondsport; Brother- 
hood Wine Co., Washington ville; Brocton 
Wine Cellars, Brocton; Irondeciuoit Wine 
Co., Rochester; Hammondsport Vintage 
Co., Penn Yan. 

Exhibits in the State Collection. 

H. T. & J. D. Henderson, Himrods; 
Germania Wine Cellars, Hammondsport; 
Empire State Wine Co., Penn Yan; Cres- 
cent Wine Co., Hammondsport; Geo. 



250 



New York at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Miller, Bristol Springs; J. T. Thompson, 
Oneida; R. D. Fuller & Skinner, Portland; 
Helvetia Wine Cellar, Keuka. 

Exhibits ox j\Ia:n Flook. 

Brotherhood Wine Co.; H. T. Devey 
& Sou; UrbanaWine Co.; Pleasant Valley 
Wine Co.; Hammond sport Vintage Co. 

V.-iKiETiEs ON Exhibition. 

Brotherhood Wine Comjiany. — Class 
126. Sweet Delaware; Eegina; Imperial 
Tokay; Sweet Catawba; Sauterue; lona 
(sweet); lona (dry); Old Golden Delaware; 
Cabinet Toka_y; Tokay; Dry Catawba; 
Angelica; Muscatelle; Riesling; Jeru- 
salem Altar Wine. Class 127, Claret 
"Sunny Side;" Sauterne; Claret " Nor- 
tons ; " Mancbaruzzio; Imported Jeru- 
salem Altar Wine; Standard Communion 
Wine; Old Medicinal Port, 1862; Ex. Old 
Bro(ton Port, 1872; South Shore Port, 
1879; Old Dry Sherry, 1869; Madeira. 
Class 129, Emerson's E.xtra Dry Cham- 
pagne; Emerson's Brut. Champagne. 
Class 131, Pure Grape Brandy; Old Broc- 
ton Brandy; Fine Old Cognac. 

Messrs. H. T. Dewey & Sons. — Class 
126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Dela- 
ware; lona; Old Angelica. Class 137, 
Btirgunda; Ives' C'laret; Dewe3''s Port; 
Golden Tokay; Sauterne; Norton's; Col- 
umbia. Class 128, Sherry; 1862 Port. 
Class 129, Champagne "Special Sec." 
Class 131, Brandy. 

TJrbana Wine Company. — Class 126, 
Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Tokay. 
Class 127, Claret "St. Ives." Class 138, 
Port "Old." Class 129, Champagne, 
Gold Seal, "Extra Dry;" Champagne, 
Gold Seal, "Special Dry;" Champagne, 
Gold Seal, "Brut." Class 131, Brandy. 
(Also a fine exhibit of grapes used in the 
manufacture of their wines.) 

Pleasant Valley Wine Company. — 
Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba. 
Class 137, Claret. Class 138, Port. Class 
129, Champagne, Great Western, "Extra 
Dry;" Champagne, Great Western, 
"Special Dry;" Champagne, Carte 
Blanche. Class 131, Brandy. (Also 
a fine e.xhibition of grapes on wine space 
showing the varieties from which its wines 
are made.) 

Hanimoudsport Wine Company. — Class 
136, Old White Tokay; Satiterne; An- 
gelica; Catawba Cream; Pale Sweet 
Catawba; Golden Sweet Catawba; Special 
Sweet Catawba; Extra Dry Catawba. 
Class 127, Claret, "Red Bleiid; " Claret, 
"Cape May;" Sweet Isabella; Sweet 
Concord. Clarss 138, Sherry; Private 
Stock Sherry; Highland Port; Empire 
Port; Special Port. Class 139, Cham- 
pagne, "Golden Age. Class 131, Brandy. 



Indivtdu.Uj Exhibits in the G.^llery. 

Lake Keuka Wine Company. — Class 
136, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; An- 
gelica. Class 137, Sweet Catawba; Claret. 
Class 138, Sherrj- Port. Class 129, Cham- 
pagne, "L. K. W;" Champagne, 
" Keuka." Class 131, Brandj\ 

Brocton Wine Cellars — Class 126, Sa- 
lem, 1870; Dry Catawba, 1887; Sweet 
lona; Dry lona, 1875; Sweet Delaware, 
1864; Sweet Catawba, 1880; Rcgina, 1875; 
Diana, 1862; Niagara, 1885. tlass 127, 
Claret, 1880; Burg\mdy, 1876. Class 128, 
Fine Old Sherry, 1873; Sherry; Old Port, 
1870; Brocton Port, 1876; Concord Port, 
1885; Sunny Side Port. Class 131, 
Brandy, Extra Old Grape; Brandy, Fine 
Old; Brandy, Blackberry; Brandy, 
Cherry; Brand}-, Apiile. 

Hammondsport Vintage Company. — 
Class 126, Dry Catawba; Catawba Cream; 
Tokay; Angelica; Sweet Catawba, Ries- 
ling, class 127, Claret; Sweet Isabella. 
Class 128, Port; Sherry. Class 129, 
Champagne — La Breton Sec. 

The collective exhibit occupied two 
spaces, one on the main floor and one in 
the galler}', the exhibit in the gallery 
being devoted to wines, and the one on 
the main floor mainly to brandies. 

The exhibit was composed as follows: 

H. T. & J. D. Henderson.— Class 126, 
Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba. Class 
138, Sherry. 

Germania Wine Compauj'. — Class 126, 
Elvira; Delaware; Riesling. Class 129, 
Champagne "Excelsior;" Champagne 
"Imperial Sec." . Class 131, Catawba 
Grape Brand}'. 

Helvetia Wine Cellars.— Class 136, Dry 
Catawba; Sweet Catawba. Class 128, 
Sherry. 

Empire State Wine Compan}'. — Class 
126, lona; Angelica; Diy Catawba; Sweet 
Catawba; Tokay. Class 127. Claret. 
Class 128, Sherry; Port. Class 131, 
Brand}-. 

Crescent Wine Company. — Class 126, 
Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Tokay. 
Class 138, Sherry; Port. Class 131, 
Brandy. 

George Miller. — Class 126, Dry Ca- 
tawba. Class 128, Port. 

R. D. Fuller & Skinner.— Class 126, 
Fine Old Regina; Old Sweet lona, 1866; 
Diana, 1866; Sweet Catawba, 1883; Fine 
Old Dry Catawba, 1878; Sweet Niagara, 
1885; Old Isabella, 1870. Class 127, 
Claret. Class 128, Old Community Port, 
1866; Old Chautauqua Port, 1872; Fine 
Old Port, 1878; Old Sweet Sherry, 1878; 
Old Dry Sherry, 1878. Class 131 , Brandy. 

A very creditable exhibition was made 
of wines other than those made from 
grapes; they were placed in class 113. 
While this was manifestly wrong, it was 



Report ox the Viticultcee Exhibit. 



251 



submitted to because no class had been 
made for them. 

The exhibitors Tvere: 

R. D. Fuller & Skinner.— Class 143, 
Currant "VTine; Elderberry Wine. 

J. T. Thompson. — Columbia Raspbeny 
Wine. 

Brotherhood Wine Company. — Black- 
berry Wine. 

Brocton Wine Cellars. — Blackberry 
Wine. 

In the exhibition of unfermented grape 
juice six manufacturers sent exhibits 
This is a comparatively new product of the 
grape, being non-alcoholic, representing 
aU there is in the grape except the skin 
and seeds. This product belongs with- 
out question to viticulture, but. as no 
class was made for it. it was sent to class 
143. Exhibits were made by: 

G. C. & W. C. Snow. Penn Tan. 

H. T. Dewey & Sons, New York city. 

Helvetia Wine Cellars, Keuka. 



C. J. Boldridje. Kendaia. 
M. B. Gleason, Westtield. 
Brocton Wine Cellars, Brocton. 
All the brandy was entered in class 131. 
The following names are exhibitors of 
brandy alone: 

T. S.Tandevoort, Canandalgua. — Grape 
Brandv: Cider Brandj". 
i W. JI. Smith, Bath.— ader Brandy. 

B. Garlock & Son, Isewark. — Cider 
; Brandy. 

Abraham Grarlock, Phelps. — Cider 
: Brandy. 

J. P. Fletzner. Rochester. — Grape 
Brandy; Cider Brandy. 
\ D. A. Shaffer, Montgomery. — Cider 
I Brandy. 

J. L. Saver & Son. Worrick. — Cider 
Brandy, 1S.52. 

I Clias. E. Wisner. Worrick. — Cider 
! Brandy, 1854. 

Warren Sammons, Rosendale. — Cider 
I Brandy. 



POMOLOGY. 



By GEORGE T. POWELL, Ghent, Shpekintendent. 



In the work of preparation for the various State exhibits the dejaai't- 
nient of liorticnlture was one of the last to be reached. Consequently, 
before the process of collection was bewun, a large quantity of our best 
fruits for the season of 1892 had already been shipped to home and 
foreign markets. 

Apples and Peaes. 

This was notably the case with apples and pears, but a considerable 
range of varieties was secured, packed and forwarded to cold storage in 
Chicago. Of the late varieties of pears a collection was made and 
placed in cold storage in Rochester. 

On the first day of Maj-, at the opening of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, these fruits were brought out of cold storage and there 
were placed on exhibition 110 varieties of apples and five varieties of 
pears. The apples opened in excellent condition, even many of those 
which are considered fall varieties and are not usually held in cold 
storage. Owing to the unusually cold winter frost penetrated some of 
the cold storage rooms at Kochester, the temperature settling several 
degrees below the freezing point, thereby injuring several varieties of 
pears. On the eleventh day of May, when the judges examined this 
fruit, there were placed before them 101 varieties of apples, as follows : 



Newton Pipijin ; Fallawater ; Hubbards- 
ton's Nonsuch; Lady; Roan's White 
Crab ; Cherry Crab ; Spice ; Granite 
Beauty ; Blacl? ; Fall 8eek.-no-Further ; 
Waxen ; Red Canada ; Boiken ; Red 
Streali ; Jennetting ; Tallman Sweet ; 
Pennook; Sweet Seek-no-Further; Acubi- 
folia Crab ; Grosfarros ; Goldflesh Crab ; 
Pomme Gris ; Rambo ; Stone ; Flushing 
Spitzenberg ; Salome ; Block Apple ; 
Moore's Greening ; Pagan's Red ; Blue 
Pearmain ; Sweet Winter Greening ; 
Wagener; Yellow Belle-Fleur; Rock ; 
.Mcintosh Red ; Pickman Pippin ; Ver- 
mont Greening ; Ben Davis ; Oxnead 
Pearmain ; Egg Top ; Pumpkin Russet ; 
English Russet ; Golden Streak ; Northern 
Spy; Stark; Bottle Greening; Jonathan; 
Vandevere; Baldwin; Bi'oad End; Burr's 
Winter Sweet ; Tuft's Baldwin ; Hollow 



Crown ; Smith's Cider ; Fall Pippin ; 
Pewaukee ; Bethlehemite ; Lyon's Sweet ; 
Gilpin ; Esopus Spitzenberg ; Peck's 
Pleasant ; Rum ; Cranberry ; Hog Island 
Sweet ; Gilliflower ; Campfield ; Honey 
Sweet ; Zane's Greening ; R, I. Greening . 
Egyptian Russet ; Leather Coat Russet ; 
Ortley; Cabashea; Bush's Beauty; Gloria 
Mundi ; Goldflesh Strawberry ; Newark 
King ; King of Tompkins Co. ; Swaar ; 
Thomas ; Randall's Red Winter ; Foster ; 
White Belle-Fleur; Hendricks' Sweet ; 
Sweet Pearmain ; Lyscom ; Cooper's Mar- 
ket ; Scott's Winter ; White Winter Pear- 
main ; Winter Strawberry ; Twenty 
Ounce ; Canada Pippin ; Pound Sweet ; 
Norton's Red ; Romanite ; Seek-no-Fur- 
ther; Golden Russet; Belle et Bonne; Rox- 
bury Russet ; Red Romanite ; Dyer. 



Tliere were also shown five varieties of pears as follows : 
Columbia; Josephine de Malines; Winter Nelis; Pound; Beurre Gris. 

There were shown one plate of Orange quinces which had b^enkept 
during these months in cold storage and were in fairly good condition. 

This fruit was kept on exhibition continuously and about every live 
days all specimens showing defects by loss of color and decay M^ere 



EePOET ox the PoJtOLOIiY ExHIBIT. 253 

removed and replaced by other specimens. The weather during the 
greater portion of May was unnsnaily cold, which facilitated the longer 
keeping of the frnit after coming out of cold storage. Tlie subject of 
cold storage for keeping fruits is one which has received a great deal 
of attention and study, and some very valuable lessons of vital inqiort- 
a-nce to fruit growers and to the consumers of fruit have been learned 
during the exposition. In getting Tip the supply of apples which 
were to be shown after the first of May, it was essential tliat the fruit 
should be so handled as to be in the best possible condition for exhi- 
bition. A large proportion of the fruit when being collected was 
wrapped in tissue ]iaper and placed in barrels and half-bari'els. This 
plaii was contrary to the genei-al j^ractice in putting up fruit for cold 
storage, and was against the judgment of many practical and experi- 
enced cold storage men, who claimed that tiie paper wrapping M'ould 
be a disadvantage to the good keeping of the fruit. However, the 
experiment was tried, and tlie larger portion of the fruit was wrapped, 
shipjjed to Chicago, and was kept in cold storage from November until 
the opening of the exposition, when the different varieties of apples 
were taken out. In every instance the wrapped fruit opened in most 
excellent condition. The flavor was well maintained, the bloom on the 
fruit was well preserved, and many barrels of apples did not show a 
defective specimeii, while the few packages that were not wrapped, of 
the same varieties and collected from the same localities, showed a loss 
of from three to five per cent. The paper seemed to have the effect 
of absorbing moisture, and where an apple decayed, prevented the con- 
tagion of decay. Wrapping of this fruit was done on the supposition 
that the exclusion of the air from the fruit would secure its better 
preservation and safe transportation. 

It has been quite surprising to note the length of time which apples 
have kept in good condition upon the exhibition shelves after coming 
from cold storage. After the first sweating period had passed and the 
fruit had been rubbed, as it had to be every day, to remove tiie dust 
that settled upon it, the fruit showed remarkable keeping qualities. 
Coining from a temperatu)'e of thirty-four degrees in cold storage, 
many varieties of apples have been kept in good condition for a period 
of four weeks. Instead of the fruit decaying iu a very short time, as had 
been the general impression, the rubbing process had the effect of 
closing the pores of the skin, and the fruit stood week after week 
and gradually dried and shriveled instead of decaying. Among the 
varieties -that have shown remarkable keeping qualities have been the 
Pound Sweet and Fall Pippin, usually ripe in tlie fall and not kept far 
beyond the holidays at the latest, each lieing in perfect condition while 
shown throughout the mijiith of May and up to the iifth of June. 
Tompkins County King, another variety which is at its best in February, 
was kept on exliibitiun in the finest condition, maintaining its color, 
flavor and solidity until July fifteenth. Boiken, Granite Beauty, Blue 
Pearmain, Tallman Sweet, have been shown continuously from the 
first day of May until tiie first day of July, without any change made 
upon the plates, all having Ijeen ]ireviously in cold storage, while 
twenty-five other varieties have kept nearly as well. JSTewtowu Pip- 



254 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 

pins liave maintained fine qnality after coming from cold storage, 
Avhile one sliipment was received tliat had never been in a cold room 
and were shown up to July first. The Fallawater, a fine ajsple in 
appearance, has been least able to stand long keeping of any variety 
that has been shown. It lias invariably come from cold storage room 
■with the skin discolored from scald, and scarcely a perfect specimen 
could be obtained. 

There is no doubt that most of our winter varieties of apples, if 
selected with greater care and put into small packages with the least 
possible Jiandling and bi'uising, can be held and placed upon the market 
at a mucli later period than has generally been supposed without the 
aid of I'efrige ration. It has been quite successfully proved that a low 
degree of temperature is not so essential as has been supposed with 
fruit that has been very carefully handled, for during a considerable 
period of time, apples in storehouse on the exjjosition grounds were 
kept for many days in succession at a temperature of fifty-five degrees 
and still the fruit kept remarkably well. Quite as much depends upon 
exti'eme care in handling fruit when it is a question of prolonging its 
keeping qualities as upon a low degree of temj^erature. ^ 

The holding of pears in cold storage for a long period of time is 
attended with a greater loss of fine flavor than with apples. Personal 
experience in holding Bartlett, Clapp's Favorite, Seckel, and late 
summer and early autunm varieties seems to demonstrate that they 
cannot be held in temjjeratnre of thirty-six degrees longer than six 
weeks from the time of going into cold storage without losing much 
of their fine flavor. The Anjou, Bosc and Lawrence may be kept for 
a longer period of time and maintain good flavor. Winter Nelis, 
Beurre Gris and Josephine de Malines were opened on the first day 
of May and were held until the middle of June and the flavor Avas 
well maintained, particularly in the case of the first named. On May 
twenty-second ten varieties of pears were placed upon exhibition, for- 
warded b}' Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., consisting of 
Black Worcester, Provost, Bergamot Royal d'TIiver, Doyenne Jamin, 
Clapp's No. 6-i, Bergamot Tleitrich, Duchess de Bordeaux, Fox ISTo. 7, 
Madame Ilentin and P. Barry. From the care which this fruit had 
received from the time it was taken from the trees until placed on the 
shelves at the exposition, these varieties which had never been in cold 
storage were successfully shown. They were held up to the twenty- 
fifth of June, while on the fourth of July one variety, Pound, which 
had been on exhibition since the first of May, was still shown. 

As soon as the autunm fruits began to appear the greatness of New 
York as a horticultural State Avas quickly recognized in the strong 
leading position that Avas taken by the State in every class of fruits as 
they came in tlieii*season. When the Cold Storage Building at Jack- 
son Park was burned on July ninth, the entire supply of apples and 
pears which were stored therein were lost. Additional space had been 
secured, to be occujiied with these cold storage supplies of 1S92, during 
July and August and until the September fruits could be placed on 
exhibition. During this period it was very difficult to maintain the 
exhibit and hold it up to its highest degree of excellence, by replacing 



Repoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 



255 



with fresh, sound specimens during tliese two most difficult months, 
but the excellent keeping; qualities of New York ajjples were here put 
to a test never before equaled, and they held over this most trvin^^ 
period of hot weather in a condition that was a surjjrise and a revela- 
tion to all poinologists. 

On August first there were shown in good condition thirty varieties 
of apples, the most of which were taken from the Cold Storage 
Building on the davit was burned. They were the following kinds : 



Roxburv Russet ; Golden Russet : 
Egyptian Russet: English Russet; Pomme 
Gris : Jonathan ; Pock's Pleasant ; Red 
Canada,; King ; Hoopes; Pennock; Spy; 
Swaar ; R. I. Greening ; Stark ; Ben 
Davis; Seek- no-Further ; Newtown Pip- 



pin ; Campfield ; Lady Sweet ; Granite 
Beaut}'; Baldwin; Cooper's Market; Stone; 
Esopus Spitzenbcrg ; Lyon's Sweet ; 
Sweet Seek-no-Furthcr ; Thomas ; Wage- 
ner ; Fallawater. 



These were held, if not in the best condition, surprisingly well 
through the greater part of August. 

On September first a very severe wind storm swept over the State 
which did immense damage, blowing off great quantities of tlie finest 
fruit in those sections where it was the most abundant, preventing 
exhibitors from forwarding choice specimens of many varieties that were 
not shown at all. The earliest display of apples came from the Hudson 
river section, several leading apple growers contributing lil)erally through 
the entire autumn exhibit. On September twenty -fifth the Orange 
County Agricultui-al Society exhibited twenty-seven varieties of apples 
and five varieties of pears. On the twenty-8e\'enth the Western New 
York Horticultural Society forwarded its exhibit from the State fair, 
of eiglity-five varieties of apples and twenty-four varieties of pears. 
The Central New York Horticultural Society also forwarded on the same 
date its e.xhibit from the State fair of eighty-three varieties of apples and 
fifty-six varieties of pears. The Orleans County Agricultural Society 
forwarded on the twenty-seventh tlie exhibit from its county fair of 
forty varieties of aj^ples. The Broekj^ort Union Agricultural Society 
on October seventh sent from its fair thirty -seven varieties of apples and 
fifteen varieties of pears. The Chautauqua Horticultural Society for- 
warded on September twenty-sixth, from its Horticultural Institute and 
Fruit Show, twenty-one varieties of apples and eight varieties of pears. 
These were not sent to represent full county or society exhibits, but as 
contributions to tlie State exhibit. The New York Experiment Station 
exhibited eighty-nine varieties of apples from its experimental orchards, 
which illustrated in an admirable manner the results of scientific cul- 
ture. There were also a large number of individual contributors from 
Northern, Central and "Western New York, who sent large numbei-s of 
varieties of apples, and rendered valuable assistance in maintaining a 
very superior display of this kind of fruit to the close of the exposition. 

A feature of the apple exhibit was a display made by G. T. 
Powell, of Ghent, showing the value of spraying the fruit with 
Bordeaux mixture to prevent the attack of "apple scaVi." The si^ores 
of this fungus attach themselves to the fruit, causing a scab to form 
making a black patch on the surface, which often prevents the further 
growth of the apple, making it deformed, unsightly and worthless. 



256 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

The specimens shown which were particularly subject to the attack of 
*' apple scab " were Cranberry Pippin, Fameuse and Fall Strawberry, 
They had been sprayed four times with Bordeaux mixture, made of 
four pounds of sulphate of copper and three pounds of lime in lifty 
gallons of water. The fruit was entirely clear of the fungous spots, 
and of exceedingly high, beautiful color. With the extension of apple 
orchards, this fungous disease is getting a stronghold in some sections, 
and to maintain the high reputation of New York apples in our 
Southern and Western markets and particularly in English markets, the 

uit must be kept clear in color, and free from the effects of this blight. 

Among some of the most valuable summer varieties shown were 
Early Strawberry, Early Sweet Bough, Red Astrachan and Golden 
Sweet; of the autumn varieties were Chenango Strawberry, Duchess 
of Oldenburgh, Fall Pij)pin, Fall Wine, Gravenstein, Maiden's Blnsh, 
Richards' Graft, Rome Beauty and Porter. Among the very large 
number of winter varieties shown, the following may be considered as 
possessing the very finest qualities as regards flavor, size, color and keep- 
ing, all desirable for home market and the most of them popular in 
foreign markets : Fameuse, R. I. Greening, Bailey's Sweet, Baldwin, 
Tompkins County King, Hubbardston's Nonsuch, Jonathan, Lad^-'s 
Sweet, Peck's Pleasant, Northern Spy, Red Canada, Sutton Beauty, 
Twenty Ounce, Wagener, Wealthy, Wine Sap, Newtown Pippin, 
English Russet, Roxbury Russet and Boiken. 

New York lies in the most favored apple belt in the United States. 
The exceedingly high flavor of the fruit is recognized in all markets, 
and the future pi'omises much to those who devote land to the culture 
of the apple, and bring to its production the skill, intelligence and care 
that is required to produce high grade fruit. 

On August twelfth Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, placed 
on exhibition sixteen varieties of summer pears ; on August twenty- 
sixth, twenty-one varieties ; on September twelfth, seventy -fave varieties ; 
on September tweaty-sixth, fifty varieties and on October fourth, one 
hundred and twenty-five varieties. On September twenty-sixth the 
Central New York Horticultural Society forwarded twenty-one varieties 
and on October fourth, thirty-four varieties, while, on October fourth, 
the Western New York Horticultural Society forwarded twenty-three 
varieties. These large exliibits, together with others from different 
parts of the State, made a very large and attractive display Avhich was 
carefully studied by exhibitors from several States and by visitors from 
other countries. 

Among some of the varieties requiring special mention is first of all the 
" Bartlett," the best known and most popular of all pears. It originated 
in England, was propagated by a grower by the name of Williams, and 
the pear is called in England " Williams' Bonchretien." In 1799 a 
tree was sent to Enoch Bartlett, near Boston, who introduced the j)ear 
in this country, and it has since been known as the " Bartlett " pear. 
The " Seckel " is without question the embodiment of the highest per- 
fection of fine flavor in the pear, and it is of American origin, as it was 
first known on a farm near Philadelphia about 1812 and took its name 
from the owner of the farm. While the " Seckel " is known as a small 



Report on the Pomology Exhibit. 257 

pear in size, there were remarkable specimens shown that were as 
large as good-sized " Sheldons." The " Seckel " requires very heavy 
fertilizing as it is a short-jointed, slow-growing tree, and \inder high 
culture its size can be doubled. The " Anjou " is one of the choicest 
of the late varieties, is of French origin and was one of the most 
valuable on exhibition, worthy of a place in every garden and orchard. 
'' Bosc " was shown in greatest perfection and is a pear of rare quality. 
" Lawrence," " Winter Nelis " and " Jones" were other late and winter 
varieties of excellent flavor, which, with still other newer varieties, pro- 
long the season for the enjoyment of this fruit. Tlie finest quality and 
highest flavor are found in the pears upon dwarf trees, which are formed 
by budding desired varieties upon quince roots. The " Angouleme," 
which is especially fine as a dwarf, was shown in great perfection. 

One of the most instructive lessons in connection with the pear exhibit 
was furnished by the New York State Experiment Station, showing 
the efliects of spraying with " Bordeaux mixture " for the pear scab, 
which is a fungous blight upon the fruit that injures it for sale or use. 
In July two branches full of half-grown fruit were taken from the 
" Seckel " pear trees, one having been sprayed, the other not. The 
fruit on the unsprayed branch was badly affected with the fungus 
known as " scab," and fifty per cent of the fruit had fallen off in 
transportation. The fruit on the branch from the sprayed tree was 
clear in color and largely free from the fungous spots, while not five per 
cent of the fruit fell off in transportation. In October the station sent 
another exhibit of sprayed and unsprayed " Seckels " and " White 
Doyenne " pears, ^^hich was very marked in favor of the sprayed fruit, 
which was good, while the unsprayed was worthless. This fruit was 
sprayed witli a weak solution of " Bordeaux mixtui-e," one pound of 
sulphate of cof)per only being used in eleven gallons of water. The 
" Seckel " was sprayed with this five times, and the " White Doyennes " 
were treated in the same manner, except that the first spraying of the 
following treatment was omitted : 

1. When the buds began to open. 

2. Just as the blossoms were ready to open. 

3. Immediately after the blossoms fell. 

4. About two weeks after the third treatment. 

5. About two weeks after the fourth treatment. 

To the last three treatments Paris green was added — one ounce to 
eleven gallons of the mixture. 

A " special award " was given this exhibit for its valuable educa- 
tional features, the lesson being carefully studied by many practical 
and scientific pomologists. 

Steawbekeies. 

To make a strawberry exhibit at so great a distance from the place 
where the fruit was grown seemed like a veiy difiicult undertaking ; 
but early in the spring a large number of varieties of plants were taken 
from the ground, placed in pots, and after they had Ijloomed, and the 
fruit was well set, they were shipped on to tlie exposition, and for 
nearly two months were kept on exhibition. This proved to be a very 

33 



258 



New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



interesting and valuable object lesson, as showing the difference in the 
cliaracter of the varieties, some being strong and vigorous in their 
habits of growth, while others were only medium in these points, and 
still others weakly and entirely unprofitable for cultivation. The fruit 
developed on many of the plants showed the characteristics of both 
plant and fruit, so that they could be studied together. These plants 
were so arranged tliat the crosses finely illustrated the parent plants. 
Dr. Collier, director of the New York Experiment Station, from which 
a large collection of these jjlants were sent, speaks of the manner in 
which the crossing was done, and also gives a description of seedlings 
which will be of interest to fruit growers as showing the defects which 
led to the discarding of the varieties mentioned as not profitable for 
propagation or cultivation. He says : "The seedling strawberry plants 
from this station, exhibited as potted plants, are from crosses made by 
covering pistillate plants with something to exclude foreign pollen 
while the plants were in blossom. Pollen from the desired male parent 
was then applied to the open blossoms and the plant again covered till 
the fruit ripened. The seed was sown in flats and the plants were 
transplanted when of sufficient size. The work of crossing is still con- 
tinued, but plants from later crosses than those above named have not 
yet fruited. All varieties exhibited at Chicago have fruited the second 
season. From 375 to 400 of these seedlings liave been discarded this 
season, and about fifty have been retained for further testing. If from 
these fifty varieties we develop something worthy of extensive culture, 
though it he but one variety, we shall feel much gratified." 

The parentage of the station's seedlings, exhibited at Chicago, is as 
follows : Crescent X Lennig's White produced Nos. TT, 243, 240 ; 
Crescent X Dawley "White produced Nos. 95, 291 ; Crescent X Sharp- 
less produced Nos. 27S, 120, 127, 142, 143, 271, 272, 277; Crescent X 
Old Ironclad produced No. 227 ; Daisy X Lennig's White produced 
No. 285 ; Johnson's Late X Dawley White produced No. 255 ; John- 
son's Late X Lennig's White produced Nos. 171, 181, 190, 258, 262, 
256, 267; Johnson's Late X Sharpless produced Nos. 198, 208, 212, 
294 ; Lida X Lennig's White produced Nos. 146, 293. 

Tlie following description of these varieties are taken from the sta- 
tion field notes for 1892 and 1893 : 



No. 77, Station. — Crescent X Lennig's 
White: Fruit medium to large and of 
good qualit}', but too soft to sliip well. 
Plants prodnctive. Discarded 1893. 

No. 95, Station. — Crescent X Dawley : 
P. Fruit medium to large, varying in 
shape from conical to coxcombed — of 
very good qualitj'. Plants vigorous and 
productive. To be tested for a late berry. 

No. 130, Station.-t^ Crescent X Sharp- 
less: S. Fruit medium early, size me- 
dium to large, color good, somewhat 
acid, good quality, productive. Test for 
market. 

No. 127, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: S. Fruit medium size, very good 
quality, dark color, deficient in foliage. 
Discarded 1893. 



No. 143, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: P. Fi'uit medium to large, fair qual- 
ity, good color, deficient in fohage. Dis- 
ciirded 1893. 

No. 143, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: P. Fruit variable, medium to large, 
productive, poor quality, soft, deficient 
in foliage. Discarded 1893. 

No. 146, Station. — Lida X Lennig's 
White: S. A late berr3^ medium size, 
white flesh, very good quality, not pro- 
ductive. To be tested for amateur use. 

No. 171, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Lennig's White: P. A late berry, medium 
size, good quality, .soft, resembling the 
mother plant in foliage and type of fruit. 
Discarded 1893. 

No. 181, Station. — Johnson's Late X 




X 
X 



< 

y 

o 
o 
-J 
o 
s 
o 



Eepoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 



259 



Lennig's White: P. Fruit medium size 
ami of good quality, plant productive. 
Discarded 1893. Not superior to some 
named varieties. 

No. 190, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Leunig's White: P. Fruit of Lennig's 
AVhite type, medium size, good quality. 
To be tested for amateur use. 

No. 198, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Sharpless: P. Fruit late, medium to 
large, horue on long strong stems, light 
red color, firm, fair quality, productive. 
To be tested for late market. 

No. 208, Station.— Johnson's Late X 
Sharpless: S. Fruit large, late, of good 
quality and productive. Test for late 
market.' 

No. 212, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Sharpless: P. Medium size, of good color, 
shape and flavor. Rank foliage, of Sharp- 
less type, but fruit bears more resem- 
blance to Johnson's Late, though of better 
color; plants productive. To be tested 
for late market. 

No. 246, Station. — Crescent XLenuig's 
White: S. Fruit medium, of very good 
ciuality, but very soft. Discarded 1H93. ' 

No. 255, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
DaTvley: S. Fruit medium or above, 
short stem, dark red color, very good 
quality. Plants productive of Johnson's 
L".te tj'pe; fruit of Dawley type. 

No. 258, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Ltanig's White: S. Fruit large, light 



frequently an im- 
unproductive. Dis- 



colored, late, with 
perfect tip: plants 
carded 1893. 

No. 262, Station.— Johnson's Late X 
Leunig's AVhite: P. Fruit late, of Len- 
nig's White type, small to medium and of 



good qualit}'; foliage of Johnson's Late 
type. Discarded 1893. 

No. 266, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Lennig's White; P. Fruit midseason, me- 
dium size, regular shape, beautiful 
creamy pinlc color, fair quality. 

No. 267, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Lennig's White; P. Fruit very late, me- 
dium or below, pale crimson, good qual- 
ity, unproductive. Discarded 1893. 

No. 271, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: S. Fruit medium size, poor quality. 
Discarded 1893. 

No. 272, Station.— Crescent X Sharp- 
less; S. Fruit small to medium, good 
quality. Discarded 1893. 

No. 277, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: P. Fruit firm, red, productive but 
poor in quality. Discarded 1893. 

No. 278, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- 
less: S. Fruit large, good quality but 
soft, plants productive. Discarded 1893. 

No. 285, Station. — Daisy X Lennig's 
White: S. Fruit late, of tennig's White 
type but larger, plants unproductive. 
Discarded 1893. 

No. 291, Station.— Crescent X Dawley: 
P. Fruit medium size, good ciuality; 
foliage poor. Discarded 1893. 

No. 293, Station. — Lida X Lennig's 
White: P. Fruit medium to large, coni- 
cal, good quality, Leunig's White color 
and white flesh. To be tested for ama- 
teur use. 

No. 294, Station. — Johnson's Late X 
Sharpless: P. Fruit late, large, firm, fair 
cj[ualitj', resembling Sharpless in color; 
foliage of Johnson's Late type. To be 
tested for late market. 



It may be Avell to observe that tlie dark, leathery foliage of John- 
son's Late is a marked characteristic of its descendants, whatever the 
plant used for the male parent. In all crosses where the Sharpless was 
u.sed as the male parent a very large percentage of the seedlings jjro- 
diiced have been thought worthy of further testing. No doubt many, 
and perhaps all of these varieties, by further testing, will develop 
defect.^ seriou.s enough to cause the variety to be discarded. Yet we 
have learned that botli these varieties, namely, Johnson's Late and 
i>harpless, are valualjle for crossing to originate new varieties, and some 
of the most promising of the station's seedlings thus far produced 
■v\-ere secured by crossing Johnson's Late and Sharpless. 

Several shipments of strawberries were made very successfully from 
various parts of the State, representing the folloAving varieties : 



Bubach, Sharpless, Pearl, Jes.sie, AVest 
Shore, Downing, Bessie, Feight's No. 2, 
No. 1 Hazelton, No. 9 Townsend, Hoff- 
man, Michel's Earlj', Van Deman, Haver- 
land, Beder Wood, Smeltzer's Early, 
Snyder Seedling, Phillips' Seedling, 



Princess, No. 10 Crosby, Middlefield, 
Burt, Beverly, Oregon Everbearing, 
Chair's Favorite, Allen's No. 3, Laxton's 
Noble, Eureka, No. 1 Allen, Gov. Hoard, 
Gandv, Cumberland Triumph, Lovett's 
Early. Lennig's White, McPartland, 



260 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Parker Earle, Iowa Beauty, Ladj' Rusk, 
Swindle, Lovett. Long John, Jewel, 
Leader. Southard, Crawford, Accomac, 
Great Pacific, Stayman's No. 1, Auburn, 
Muskingum, Middlefleld, Mystic, Windsor 
Chief, Gillespie, Miami, Eclipse, Beebe, 
Beauty, Phillips' No. 1, Dayton, Cloud, 
Sadie, Saunders, Woolverton, Edgar 



Queen, Mrs. Cleveland, California, 
Edwards' Favorite, Wariield, Shuster's 
Gem, Morning View, Gen. Putnam, 
AValdron, Wilson, Standard, Manchester, 
Anna Forrest, Farnsworth, Herniit, 
Enhance, Jucunda Imp., No. 20.5 Station, 
Oliver, Manchester, Townsend's No. 3, 
Cameronian, Oregon, Walton, Mark. 



The strawberry exhibit enabled horticulturists to see the choice 
varieties of plants brought together at one point, and also the fruits oi 
the same varieties, and was thus a study having a great deal of interest. 
One exhibit was made by L. J. Farmer, of Pulaski, IST. Y., con- 
sisting of sixty-seven varieties, which were received in perfect order, a 
fact that was very surprising, when it is remembered that in so large 
a variety there were some that were not regarded as having good 
shipping qualities. The manner in which the fruit was shipped was 
different from anything ever before attempted. Crates were made 
with pasteboard partitions two inches square by two and one-fourth 
inches deep, in the bottom of which was placed white glazed cotton 
"wadding, and one berry was placed in each compartment. The crates 
were shipped to exhibitors, who filled them and forwarded to the expo- 
sition. It has been thought that ventilation is a very important featui-e 
in successful shipment of berries, but in this instance the ci-ates were 
made tight, the fruit was placed in these closed partitions, and vs'as 
kept as much as possible from the air. After shipping this fruit, in 
some instances a thousand miles, it was placed on plates and held, in 
many cases, for eight days after being received or ten days from the 
time of picking. Some new questions arise as the result of the work 
in these experiments. It may be asked whether these delicate fruits 
cannot be trans]3orted very much longer distances than has heretofoi'e 
been supposed possible, and whether ventilation is essential for success- 
ful transijort. The use of cotton or some other, possibly cheaper, 
material, will be brought into use as furnishing means for the absorp- 
tion of moisture, thus enabling the fruit to stand up or keep for a 
longer period. 

The berries did not seem to decay, but rather dried, when on exhibi- 
tion. The outer cells of the strawberry are very delicate, and when 
massed together become slightly bruised, thus allowing the escape of 
the juice of tJie fruit, after which decay will follow within a very fe\v 
hours. The cotton lining seemed to absorb the moisture which naturally 
is given oft' from fruit even when not bruised. The cells closed, hence 
the fruit dried rather than decaj'ed, which is the explanation of tlie 
remarkable length of time which many of these varieties were kejit. 
In this manner of shipping there does not seem to be so much differ- 
ence in the keeping qualities of the different varieties. Of the sixty- 
seven varieties received from Mr. Farmer, at the end of six days tl:e 
entire number were showing well upon the plates. On the seventh day 
a few varieties had become discolored and were removed. Such vari- 
eties as Downing, Cumberland and Sharpless, considered soft and not 
well adapted to shipping and holding, were among the many other soft 
varieties that held well up to the seventh day. On the ninth day from 



Eepoet ox the Pomology Exhibit. 261 

the time they were received and tlie eleventh from the day they were 
picked, tlie i'ollo%ving varieties were shown in a fairly good condition : 
Pearl, Van Deman, Beder "Wood, Hoffman, Jessie, Burt, Gaudy, Mid- 
dletield. Eclipse, Haverland, Eureka, Gillespie, Windsor Chief, Miami, 
Cloud, Saimders, Michel's, Early I3ayton, Mrs. Cleveland, Mystic, 
Anbnrn, Beauty, Phillij^s' Xo. 1, Muskingmn, Woolverton, Bubach. 

The cultnre of the strawberry extends over a wide range of teni- 
tory, the market being first supplied from Long Island, followed by 
the Hudson river fruit. Central 2s ew York, Oswego and Western ISTew 
York counties. All these localities furnished fruit for the exposition. 
So great has become the demand for strawberries, not only in large 
cities, but in every town and hamlet, that even with the large increase 
in acreage of the past ten years, the supph* is not equal to the demand. 
Thousands of acres of land in Xew York now being used for cereal 
crops grown in competition with newer cheap western land, with a 
margin for profit so narrow that but little can be realized, might be 
given to the culture of this fruit. Canneries might be established, and 
in addition to extending its consumption over a much longer period, 
any surplus product would find ready buyers at profitable prices in 
foreign markets, where American canned fruits are meeting with much 
favor. 

GOOSEBEEEIES. 

Before the strawberry exhibit was closed shipments of gooseberries 
were received from several exhibitors. Gooseberry culture has only 
recently taken a start. It has generally been considered a very uncei-- 
tain kind of fruit to raise, our climate being hot and accompanied by 
heavy dews. The gooseberry has been subject to very serious attacks 
of mildew which has made the culture of the finer English varieties 
unprofitable, but the aid of science has been brought to the fruit 
grower and it is now well understood that Ijy beginning early in the 
season, spraying the vines tlioroughly and continuously for several 
weeks with sulphide of potassium, the choicest English varieties can be 
quite successfully grown. In addition to spraying, an important fact to 
fruit growers is that the soil needs to be shaded and kept cool, which 
in some instances has been done by sowing buckwheat or oats to cover 
the ground during the hottest periods of .Tune and early July, until 
after the fruit is well matured. 

There is a very rapidly growing demand for the gooseljerrv, it being 
used by many hotels and private families in 'pVa.ce of cranberries with 
meats. The gooseberry is being extensively canned and made into 
jams, and is a fruit which once sucessfully cultivated, has considerable 
commercial value. The extent to which this fruit is already being cul- 
tivated will be observed ])y the following list of varieties which have 
been placed on exhibition : Crown Bob, Crystal. Downing, Dominion, 
Houghton, Mountain Seedling, Pale Bed, Payallup, Smith, Triumph, 
"Wellington Glory, Whitesmith, Dagwell Xo. 1, Boesch, Golden Pro- 
lific, Pearl, The Auburn, Industry, and in addition IGO new seedling 
varieties. 

On July nineteenth there was received a shipment of gooseberries 
from the Xew York Experiment Station which was one of the most 



262 



New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



remarkable exhibits made at the exposition in the hue of small fruits. 
The " Industry " gooseberry was shown as representing the parentage, 
with twenty-eight of its seedlings. The fruit was sent in a ripening 
condition, and with its rich colors, in full maturity and large size, pre- 
sented a very attractive appearance. The varieties worthy of very 
special mention were Nos. 1, 26, 10, 17, which were red in color, fine 
in size, and particularly sprightly in flavor. No. 23 had an exceed- 
ingly rich yellow color, was large in size and one of the finest flavored 
varieties of the entire number. Nos. 2 and 22 were green in color, 
very large, and quite profusely covered with spines. Nos. 5, 7, 26, 10 
and 17 were all exceedingly fine in size and appearance. Nos. 18 and 
13 were red in color, very large in size, and heavily covered with spines. 
It was a fact observed by many horticulturists that a large number of 
these seedling varieties appeared to excel in j^oint of size its parent, the 
'■ Industry." A chance seedling, the " Argyle," found growing in a 
pasture upon the farm of F. Argyle, Kern, Yates county, attracted 
special attention. It has seemed to successfully resist mildew. The 
plant is vigorous and strong in growth, as shown by a photograph of a 
three years' old plant heavily loaded with fine, large berries, light green 
in color and uniforudy large. On July twenty-seventh, another seedling 
was secured from Nicholas Phalen, Marlboro, Orange county, of fine 
promise, being large and light green in color. The original plant was 
seen later, growing in its native place, and it was vigorous in its 
growtii, with dark green, luxuriant foliage. 

The New York Exjjeriment Station made the most extensive exhibit 
of English and American varieties with their seedlings, now being- 
tested, that was ever befoi'c seen in our country, and probably in any 
other, showing 170 different kinds. The exhibit was carefully studied 
by horticultural experts of every State and by those of foreign 
countries, as a work of high scientific merit. 



CUEKANTS. 

One of the most valua.ble on the list of small fruits is the currant. It 
is the first to be used in the season in its green state, and is one of the 
longest to remain after ripening upon the bushes. 

This fruit was shown in its very finest condition, and continuously so 
for a long time, with the following \'arieties : White Dutch, Cherry, 
Fay's Prolific, Versailles, Eclipse, (\ilimil)ian Red, Gloire des Sablons, 
Red Dutch, Victoria, White Grape, Champion, Mills' Seedling Cluster, 
North Star, London Red, Ruby Castle, Prince Albert, Wilder, Black 
Naples, Ogden's Black Grape, Saunders' No. 1, Lee's Black Prolific, 
Baldwin's Black, Common Black or Black English, Saunders' No. 2 
and Prince of Wales, besides a large numl)er of new seedling varieties. 

The following Vnarieties, as described, represent in this class of fruit 
wide variation in culture and quality, but all of which having points of 
excellence, and most of which are valuable for cultivation : 



Cherry.- — A strong growing variety, 
with stout, erect, short-joiuted shoots. No 
more productive than other currants, but 
valued for market on account of its size. 



La VersaiHaise, Versailles, Imperial 
Red. — Bush vigorous and productive, 
bunch similar to Cheri'y but occasionally 
longer. 



Rei'ort ox the Pomolugv Exhibit. 



2t!a 



Prince Albert. — Fruit large, similar in 
color to A'ictoria. late in ripening, pro- 
ductive and valu.-ible. 

Red Dutch. — Fruit large, deep red. 
very productive. One of tiie best. 

Gloire des Sablons. — Unproductive, 
but remarkable for its stripeil fruit. 

Victoria, Ruby Castle, Red Grape, 
Hougliton Castle. — Fruit as large as Red 
Dutch, bright red, late and jiroduclive. 
Valuable. 

White Dutch. — Not so acid as the red 
varieties and. therefore, valued for table 
use. Productive, early and valuable. 



White Grape. — Bunches moderately 
long, berries very large, whitish yellnu", 
sweet and good. \evy ])roducti\e. 
Branches not so upriglit as Wliite D>:tch. 

Fay, Fay's Prolific. — Fruit of largest 
size and berries remarkably imiform 
throughout the bunch. Productive and 
much valued for market. 

Eclipse. — Xew. 

Champion. — Xew. Supposed to be an 
improvement on tlie old White Dutch. 

Long Red, Short Bunched Red. — A 
strong upright grower. A ,irood sort, 
grown for market around London. 



A choice collection of new seedling currants was e-xliibitud by Jacob 
Moore, of Attica, who, in his description of them, snjs : '' Tliey were 
raised in 1885 from seed cross-fertilized the year before. There were 
several hundred seedlings in the collection, more than two-thirds of 
which were from seed of the Cherry currant fertilized by the AVliite 
Grape. The plants were graded and transplanted, given good cultiva- 
tion, and in 1887 three seedlings bore fruit about the size of fine shot. 
The next year the same trio and a small pi'oportion of the others bore 
fruit of normal .size. The variety selected as be.st in quality that year 
is designated Ko. 10 in the following description. In 1889 all of the 
seedlings ]5roduced fruit. Of the trio mentioned but one was retained, 
Xo. 10. It was expected that white varieties would be produced from 
the seed of the White Grape currant, but not until 1889 did a wliite 
variety appear, and it i-emained the only white one among them. 
There was one flesh-colored variety ; there was also a difference in the 
shade of color of the vai'ieties from seed of both parents, some being 
light i-ed, some daik red and of intermediate shade. The white variety, 
though excellent in quality, was dwarf in habit of growth and was not 
introduced. 

The following are descriptions of some of the best varieties fi-om 
seed fertilized of the White Grape by the Clierrv curi'ant: 



No. 10. — Berries not quite so large as 
Cherry currant, but sweeter and better 
flavored. Clusters short and often hug 
the branch so closely as to make jjick- 
ing difficult. The bush is a stocky grower 
and heavy cropper. 

No. TO. — Berries slightly larger than 
the seed -parent, thickly borne on long 
stems ; flavor, mild and pleasant. A vig- 
orous grower and profuse bearer. 

No. 170. — Berries of the largest size, 
deep red, acid. Clusters rather short. 
The plant is a larger, stronger grower 
than the Cherry and more productive. 

No. 200. — Berries large, thickly borne 
in clusters of medium length, but tart 



and rich. The bu.sh is a .strong, vigorous 
grower and profuse bearer. 

No. 260. — Clusters long, berries large, 
deep red at maturity, flavor shghtly tart, 
less acid than Cherry. The busli is a 
sturdy, upright grower and holds its bur- 
den of fruit clear from tlie ground ; the 
stalks stiff holding up the heaviest load 
of fruit. Blooms late and ripens late, 
jroderately vigorous and productive at 
first, but increases both in vigor and pro- 
ductiveness with age and ultimately yields 
lar^e crops. Valuable late variety. 

No. 400. — The fruit stems are long, 
well filled out with large berries of liglit 
red color and pleasant flavor ; a vigorous 
grower and great bearer. 



The following varieties are from the .seed of the Cherry, fertilized 
by the AYliite Grape : 



20-J: 



New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



No. 180. — Berries of the largest size — 
full as large as the Cherry currant, agree- 
able fla.vor. Although the clusters are 
usnall_y short, they are loug necked, the 
stems being long between stem and first 
berries, rendering the picking easy. This 
variety has more fleshy consistency than 
the others which enables it to keep and 
carry better. The plant is a strong grower 
with large leaves and bears abundantly. 

Moore's Dark Red. — Berries nearly as 
large as the Cherry, dark red, of mild, 
rich flavor. Clusters of average length 
borce so thickly as to hide the branches 
sustaining them. Ripens late; the bush 
is an erect grower, vigorous and bears a 
large crop. 

No. 280.— Clusters of fair length, well 



necked; berries large, bright red, with 
wine flavor when at their best. A vigor- 
ous grower and constant bearer of large 
crops — valuable as a market or garden 
sort. 

No. 420. — Berries large, dark red, good; 
short bunched and ripens early; bush a 
stocky grower and yields abundantly. 

No. 430. — Bunches medium, compact; 
berries large and good; a strong irregular 
grower and heavy bearer. But few were 
rejected on account of unproductiveness, 
the productiveness of the White Grape 
being inherited, whether from the mater- 
nal or paternal parent, though the Cherry 
was prepotent in determining the color 
and often the size of the fruit and habit 
of the plant. 



This exhibit was 



of great 



vahie in showins; how new varieties are 



produced, and by the striking influence of parentage on the seedlings 
produced as illustrated by the above-described varieties. 



Raspbeeeies. 

An extensive exliibit of raspberries was not attempted, the fruit 
being delicate and not well suited to long transportation. The " Black 
Caps " are first to ripen, and Charles Mills, of Fairmont, sent success- 
fully the Mills' Seedling, Gregg and Kansas. The " Gregg " is one 
of the largest in size of berries, sweet in flavor and for long distances is 
one of the best for shipping. The " Black Cap " rasj)berry is grown 
extensively for evaporating purposes, in some portions of tlie State 
fifty to seventy-five acres being devoted to them on one farm. There 
is hardly a limit to the extent to which this fruit can be grown, for in 
the evaporated form it can be shipped to distant foreign markets. The 
" Red " raspberry, a still more delicate fruit, was also successfully 
shown by Joseph T. Thompson, of Oneida, who sent a very excellent 
variety in the " Columbian," which was on exhibition several days in 
the fresh form and was also shown in solution. This fruit is in large 
demand, commands high prices, is highly aromatic, and like the " Black 
Cap," is much sought for canning, in which form its consumption can 
be extended through the entire year. 



Apeicots. 

While tlie apricot is a native of the countries of Armenia, Arabia 
and Central Asia, the wide range of products which the soil of New 
York is capable of producing was exemplified in the fine exhibit of 
this very attractive" fruit. E. Smith & Sons, of Geneva, showed, on 
July twentieth. Smith's Early and Harris ; on July twenty-ninth Large 
Early Montgamet, Early Moorpark, Jackson and St. Ambroise, and on 
August first, Koman and Eureka, while the New York Experiment 
Station contributed from its grounds, on July twenty-fourth, Ouillin's 
Early Peach ; July twenty-seventh, Catharine ; and August third, 
Nicholas, Golden Russian, Alexander I and Gibb. 



Report on thk Pomology Exhibit. 



265 



Plitms. 

The soil and climate of !Ne\v York are admirably adapted to the 
culture of the plum, though its native home is found in Asia and 
Southern Europe. While the season liad been rather unfavorable for 
the best development of the fruit, a good display was made of many of 
the leading and some of the new varieties. The wild plum in two of 
its species, indigenous to our soil, was also shown — the " Chickasaw " 
and the " Wild Red ; " and although they are not as fine in tlavor as a 
" Washington " or a " McLaughlin," yet they were very attractive in 
appearance and fair in other points of quality. 

The plum is not adapted to all kinds of soil, succeeding best on heavy 
loam or on clay. This fact makes the territory in which the fruit can 
be grown somewhat limited, and this for many years has been largely 
confined to the Hudson river and Mohawk valleys. As high as $600 
net profit per acre has been realized for such varieties as the " Reine 
Claude," '' Quackenboss " and " G-erman Prune," the I^ew England 
States furnishing a very extensive market for this fruit, while New 
York and Philadelphia have always demanded large supplies. Hudson, 
Columbia county, is the home of the " Hudson Gage," '' Lawrence " 
and " Columbia." Troy, Albany and Schenectady have produced 
excellent varieties. Rhinebeck and Fishkill the same, as also Long 
Island, while the " Washington," 0113 of the best, largest and finest of 
a long list of varieties, sprang from the soil of a farm then lying near 
the Bowery in liew York city about 1820. 

Owing to a development of a fungous disease known as " black 
knot," the plum orchards of this entire section have been destroyed 
and plum culture abandoned. New hardy varieties are lieing intro- 
duced from Russia and Japan. New sections are taking u]i plum cul- 
ture, while scientific experimenters are endeavoring to discover some 
fungicide that, when sprayed upon the trees, will destroy the fungous 
spore of the " black knot," and thus save to the State one of its most 
valuable fruits. 

Peaches. 

The peach is a native of Persia, and thrives best in a warm climate, 
but the fruit is grown in large orchards on Long Island, in the Hudson 
valley and in Central and Western Xew York. When the soil was 
newer and possessed more of plant food than at present, the tree was 
hardy and fiuitful, bearing regularly and al)undantly. 

From August ninth to November first the following varieties were 
successfully shown, Niagara and Orleans counties contributing largely 
to the exhibit : 



Early Louise; Hynes' Surprise; Globe; 
Mooie's Favorite; Wonderful; Beers' 
Smock; Late Crawford; R. S. Stevens; 
Dldcw; Early Beatrice; Yellow St. .John; 
Longliurst; Hary's Choice; Elberta; Stev- 



ens' Rareripe; Foster; Atlanta; Early 
Rivers; Lulu; Wager; Ellison; Lord 
Palmerton; Chair's Choice; Early Craw- 
ford; Ward's Late; Lament; Amsden 
June. 



These varieties, with others, covered a period of three months, and 
th'jy represent a wide range of exceedingly fine quality. The fruit is 

34 



26<3 New Yokk at tue World's Columbian Exposition. 

ill <>Teiit deiiiaiid in its fresh torin for cainiing, drviog and evaporating, 
and in the latter form is sent to foreign markets in hirge quantities. 
Like tlie plum, the tree has one serious enemy in a disease known as 
the " Yellows," which of late years has made serious inroads in tlie 
])rofits of peach culture. The presence of the disease is discovered by 
the foliage, changing early in the summer from its natural bright green 
color to that of yellow, the fruit ripening prematurely before fully 
grown, and the trees showing a general tendency toward decline. The 
l)est scientific al)ility cif our country has thus far been battied to fully 
understand the nature and cause of the disease, its treatment and pre- 
vention. Some of tlie newer States are wisely enacting legislation to 
keep this dreaded disease out of their territory by establishing a system 
of inspection and quarantine of all trees that are imported. 

Canned Fkuits and Vegetables. 

This class was fully represented in a way calculated to show the 
extent and importance of the canning industry in New York. The 
season in ^vhich strawberries, raspberries and otlier small fruits, cher- 
ries, peaches, plums, and the summer and autumn fruits can be used in 
fresh form is limited, but when put in cans, preserved, made into jams, 
jellies and marmalades, they can be had at any time or season, and, 
with the ])erfeetion that is now brought to the method of preserving, 
their fine flavors are maintained nearly equal to the fresh fruit. Among 
exliibitors who made very extensive contributions to the State exhibit 
were Gordon & Dilworth, of New York, and Curtice Brothers & Co., 
of Rochester, who have extensive factories, employ large numbers of 
men and women, jiurchase many carloads of fruits and vegetables, and 
supjily both foreign markets and home consumers. 

Evaporated Fkuits. 

There was excellent display in this class, which represents a com- 
])aratively new but very rapidly-developing industry. A. B. Williams, 
of Sodns, Wayne count}', exhibited evaporated apples, red and black 
raspberries. In 1802 Wayne county produced 10,000,000 pounds of 
evaporated a])]iles, 5,000,000 pounds of apple waste, known as skins 
■ind cores dried, and 900,000 pounds of evaporated raspberries, of 
vhich three-eighths of this entire quantity was pividnced in the town 
of Sodus. 

Michael Doyle & Co., of Bochester, made an excellent display, com- 
prising the following collection : Two cases Kochester pippins, two 
erases evaporated apples, one case sun-dried apples, one case chopped 
apples, one case apple waste, one case dried plums, one case dried cher- 
ries, one ease evaporated peaches, one case dried whortleberries, one 
case evapoi'ated red raspberries, one case evaporated black raspberries, 
and one case dried blackberries. 

YeCtEtable Depart:ment. 

To attempt an exhibition of green vegetables nearly 1.000 miles 
away from New York, to cover a period continuously for six months, 




CANNED GOODS EXHIBIT 



Kepoet on the PomoloctV Exhibit. 267 

was a difficnlt and ardnons undertaking. But, nevertheless, 2-±S feet of 
space was taken on the main floor of the IlDrticultnral Bnihling, wliich, 
being occupied I)v the onh' exhibit of fresh vegetables in the bnikling 
for several months of the exjjosition, gave Isew York special promi- 
nence in this department. 

The prodncts of the trnck farming of the United States that are 
produced at distances from markets, requiring transportation by rail or 
water, are valued at $76,517,155 ; and tlie value of tiiese products in 
what is known as tlie " ISTew York and Philadelplna District," is 
821.102,521. Add to this latter the value of the yield of market gar- 
dening, M'hich is carried on near cities where the producer delivers his 
vegetables by his own teams to the retailer or consumer, and it will be 
seen that this is one of the leading industries of the State. Glass-house 
culture of vegetaljles is carried on extensively, especially near New 
York and otlier large cities, the profits from this system ranging from 
S7,000 to §10,000 per acre. 

Tiie first exhiljit, made in May, was a general collection of early, 
choice varieties of asparagus, spinach, lettuce, celery, beets, beans, water 
cress, tomatoes, cucumbers and cauliflowers from the glass-houses on 
Long Island and from Cornwall-on-the-ITudson. Plans were carefully 
made with individual growers to forward supplies from diiferent parts 
of tlie State, as the season advanced, but the severest drought known in 
twenty years, extending over the entire State, tended to cut otf these 
supplies. Arrangements liad, however, been made with the New York 
Agricultural Experiment Station to make a tlioroughly scientiflc exhil)it 
in this dejiartment, and this it did to the close of the exposition in tlie 
most complete manner. On June twelfth the State station forwarded 
f orty-flve varieties of radishes, which represented all shades of colors and 
sizes and made a very interesting and attractive exliibit. Tliis exhibit 
of radishes was kept up to the close of the exposition, fresh supplies 
being for\\-arded every fifteen days. The number of radishes grown 
and exhibited by the station amounted to •±,664-. Six hundred and 
twenty-four heads of lettuce were shown, fifteen to nineteen varieties 
being shown at a time. On June twenty-seventh twelve varieties of 
peas were forwarded, and these were continued to July twenty-second, 
wlien twenty-four varieties were shown. Twenty-five varieties of bush 
beans were shown and continued from July third to September twenty- 
sixth. Eight varieties of dwarf limas were also shown continually from 
August twelfth to September twenty-fiftli. 

A very .excellent plan for showing these different varieties was in 
boxes twelve by six by three inches, the peas and beans being 
shown in one division in j)ods, and in the otlier division in the 
shelled form. There were 105 boxes of peas and 137 boxes 
of beans on exhibition. From August seventh to September 
twenty-sixth 117 boxes of okra, in two varieties, were shown. No 
part of the vegetable display attracted more attention than the toma- 
toes. On August first thirty-five varieties were shown, representing 
the different colors and sizes, and were especially attractive. On 
August ninth forty-eight varieties were shown ; August eighteenth, 
fifty-three varieties, and this M'as continued up to the close of the 



208 Nkw Yokk at the Woel]:>'s Columbian Exposition. 

exposition, 5,uU! spuciiiieiis of this very popular vegetable having been 
on exhibition. Sweet corn was shown in twenty-four varieties, poi)corii 
in nine varieties, beets, onions and salsify in all of the best kinds known. 
On July twenty -sixth the station forwarded twenty-two varieties of 
cucnimbers, and at other times tlie nnniber reached as high as twenty-six 
varieties, 1,510 speeiniens being shown. From July twenty-eighth to 
Ootolier thirtieth there were exhibited eighteen varieties of squashes, 
with a total of 058 specimens. 

Dr. Peter Collier, director of the experiment .station, took a very 
active part in making this an extensive and thoroughly practical exhibit, 
and few who studied it failed to be iiin)ressed with the fact that the soil 
of New York, if devoted more largely to the culture of choice vege- 
tables, would yield much larger profits than in being used so largely for 
cereal production. This was the only station in the United states 
which made an attempt to show the results of its work in garden and 
field, and these were studied with no less interest by the representatives 
of other experiment stations than by the vast concourse of visitors who 
carried from the exhibit many items of valuable information. The fol- 
lowing condensed summary shows the contribution made by the New 
York ^\.gricultural Experiment Station to the combined State exhibit: 

No. of No. of 

Name. shipments. vai'ietius. Total. 

Radislics 7 48 4,664 

Lt'ttucc 8 19 624 

Peas 7 24 105 

Beans 11 35 137 

Okra 9 3 417 

TdiiuUoi'S 9 56 5,316 

Corn 13 24 844 

Beets 8 30 814 

Oarn.ts 7 16 588 

OuidMS 6 23 783 

Salsify 3 1 68 

Cucunibers 13 30 1,510 

Squash 11 18 658 

Prti-suips 1 2 33 

Ciibba,!i-u 1 4 4 

Tiu'iiips 11 6 40 

E.ug plant 1 1 1 

Musliroonia 3 1 80 

Peppers 2 19 684 

MuskmeloMs 3 14 115 

Watermelons 3 1 4 

Swiss chard 3 3 21 

Oourds 2 1 335 

Celery 3 3 20 

Cress' 3 1 3 



Among other exhibitors of vegetables were II. T. Lane, Victor, Chas. 
W. Ford" Fis]iers,'and Geo. A. Ijouuell, Waterloo, -who showed many 
varieties of ]>otatoes. II. A. Burton, Ripley, Chautampia county, showed 
Early Ohio potatoes, and from the same town C. W. Rice showed 
American Bell ; Orra Christy Lee's Favorite ; and J. M. Johnson 
Early Ohio potatoes and White Spine cucumbers; E. D. C. Tracey, 
Ghent, Columbia county, showing Yellow Danvers and Red Wethers- 



Repoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 269 

field onions; "W". II. Card, Onondaga Valley, Mammoth peppers. 
J. G. Howard, of Kocliester, contributed a large and tine general col- 
lection of vegetables, in wliieli a particularly line display of celeiy was 
made. 

The New York State Agrieultui'al Society forwarded from the State 
Fair, held at Syracuse in September, a large portion of its exhibit, 
which occupied every inch of available space. This greatly aided New 
York in maintaining its tine display of the choicest culinary vegetables, 
and in retaining for it the distinction of being the only State making a 
complete and continuous exhibit in this dejjartment from the opening 
to the close of the exposition. 

Ono of the distinguishing features of the New York exhibit was the 
manner of its installation. Every variety of fruit shown had a label 
upon it, giving its correct name. In addition to this, varieties of special 
merit or value had placards placed over them, stating the points of 
particular value, as to fine flavor, good keeping quality, valuable for 
home or foreign trade, with description given of the character of the 
tree or plant producing the same, as a vigorous or slow grower, hardy 
and productive, etc., which furnished correct and valuable information 
to the many visitors, who recognized this as one of the most valuable 
educational features of the exhiliit. 

This work was very efficiently done by Mr. E. G. Fowler, assistant 
director, an expert in horticulture, and who, assisted by A. D. Perry, 
of Syracuse, had the constant charge of this department at Chicago 
during the exposition. 

In eveiy class of exhibits in the department of liorticulture, as in 
others, the Empire State lias furnished evidence of its gi-eatness in 
productions tliat will furnish food for study and reflection fur the gen- 
erations that are to come. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEBART- 
lENT B, HORTICULTURE. 



COLLECTIYE EXHIBIT. 

GROUP 21. POMOLOGY. 

In the fniit catalogue the names of the varieties sent at each ship- 
ment are omitted to avoid mucli useless repetition. An alphabetical 
list of all the fruit sent by each exhibitor dining the exposition is given, 
however, togetlier with the nnmber and date of each shipment. As a 
rule eacli sliipment contained all the varieties in season at that date. 

NELSON BOGUE, BATAVIA. 
Peaches. 

Shipment made October 7, 1893. 
R. S. Stevens. 



GEO. ANGELL, GHENT. 
Apples. 

Sliipment made September 12, 1893. 

Cranberry Pippin, Gillitlower, Holland 
Pippin, King of Tompkins C-ounty, 
Northern Spy, Northern Pippin, Swaar, 
Seek-no-Purther, Tallman Sweet, Twenty 
Ounce. 

FRED. ARGYLE, BLUFF POINT. 
Gooseberries. 
Shipment made July 24, 1893. 
Unnamed variety. 

T. B. BARNES, RHINEBECK. 

Apples. 
Shipment made October 4, 1893. 
Ben Davis, Black, Baldwin, Cranberry 
Pippin, Fall Pippin, Gillitlower, King, 
Newtown Pippin, Northern Spy, Pound 
Sweet, Peck's Pleasant, R. I. Greening, 
Ribston's Pippin, Seek-no-Further, 
Swaar, Tallman Sweet, Unknown, Vir- 
ginia Sweet, Vandevere, Wine Sap, Yel- 
low Bellefleur, Yellow Siberian Crab. 

W. D. BARNES, MIDDLE HOPE. 

Strawberries. 
Shipments made June 19, 23. 
Bubac, Jessie, Sharpless. 

Apples. 
Shipment made August 11. 
Potter Sweet. 

Grapes. 
Shipment made August 11. 
Champion, Early Victor, Moore's Early, 
Peabody. 

A. BASSETT, E. KENDALL 

Peaches. 
Shipment made September 12, 
Crawford, Foster. 



FRANK BOUCHER, BOSTON 
CORNERS. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 13, 1893. 
Baldwin, Gravenstein, King of Tomp- 
kins Co., R. I. Greening, Seek-no-Further, 
St. Lawrence, Spitzenberg, Wagener, 
York Pippin. 

F. BOWEN, HIGHLAND. 
Grapes. 
Shipment made September 9, 1893. 
Niagara. 

GEORGE H. BRADLEY, HESS ROAD 
STATION. 
Apples. 
Shipments made August 25 and Septem- 
ber 4, 1893. 
Duchess of Oldenburg. 

G. W. BRIGGS, ORCHARD PARK. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 11, 1898. 

Baldwin, Ben Davis, Hubbardston's 

Nonsuch, King of Tompkins Co., Rox- 

bury Russet, Russet Pearmain, R. I. 

Greening. 

BROCKPORT UNION AGRICULTU- 
RAL SOCIETY. 

Apples. 
Shipment made October 7, 1893. 
Alexander, Baldwin, Cooper's Market, 
Cranberry Pippin, Cabashca, Fall Jennett- 
ing, Fallawater, Fameuse, Fall Pippin, 
Grimes' Golden, Gillitlower, Golden Sweet, 
Hubbardston's Nonsuch, Holland Pippin, 




o 



a 



5 

< 

h- 
_1 

p 
o 



Eepoet on thk Pomology Exhibit. 



271 



King of Tompl;iiis Co., Lsuly SwccI, 
Maiden's Blush, Kcnthcni Si)y, Newtown 
Pippin, Pound Sweet, Peelv's Pleasiint, 
Portei', H. I. Greening, Ribston Pippin, 
Roxbury Russet, Sibei'iiin Criib, St. 
Liiwrenee. Seelv-no- Further, Siiit/enberiX, 
Talhnan Sweet, Twenty Dunee, Tweuiy 
Oiuu'e Pip))in, Unlvnown, Westfield Seek, 
Yellow Bellefleur. 

PnAns. 
Anjou, Angoulenie, Bosc. Clairgeau, 
Diel, Flemisli Beauty, Harris, Howell, 
Kiell'er, Louise Bonne, Lawrenec, Ouon- 
dagiu Seckel, Sheldon, Winter Nells. 

Quinces. 
Rae's Mammoth. 

W. B. BROAVN, NEWBURGH. 

Grapes. 

Shipment made September 4, 1S9.S. 
Brown's Seedlings, Nectarines, Seedlings. 

T. BURT, GOLDEN BRIDGE. 

Peaes. 
Shipment made October 11, ISil:?. 
Sheldon. 

CHARLES T. BUSH, EAST KENDALL, 
Peaches. 

Shipments made .\ugust 30, Sejitembnr 
13, 2li and Oetol)er 2, IHIW. 
Crawford, Crawford's Late, Early Ki\'- 
ens, Foster, WheatUnds. 

Al'PI.ES. 

Lady Blush. 

Pl>UMS. 

Ri.'ine Claude, Lombard, King.ston's. 

CENTRAL NE'W YORK HORTICUL- 
TURAL SOCIETY, SYRACUSE. 

Pf'^aus. 

Shi])ment made Septend)er 20, 180.3. 

Anjou, Angoulenie. Boynton Seedling, 
Barry, Brown Seedling. Broekworlh 
Park BoSe. CHairgi'au, Cluster Seedling. 
Des Noimes, Diel, Di.\, Dueliess P.nnaehe. 
FrediTiea Bremer, Fyn<' d'Aleneon, 
Fh'inish Beauty, ITosenshank. .laeoh, 
Kii'lTer, Lewis, Lawrence, ]j<)\iise Boime, 
Mount Vernon, Onondaga, Robertson 
Seedling, Sheldon, Seckel, Samuel's 
Seedling. I'rbanist, Unknown, Vicar of 
Winkliild. White Doyenne. Winter 
Russet. Winter Nelis, William Brown 
Smith Seedling. 

Apples. 

Asylum. Belle et Bonne, Ben Davis, 
Baldwin, Belmont, Benn Royal, Bottle 



Greening, Boynton Seedling, Blue Pear- 
main, Coral Crabajiple, Chei'seborough 
Russet, Colvert, C'aliashea, Detroit Red, 
Dutch Mignonne, Duclicss of Oldenburg, 
Esopus Spit/.enberg, Kngli>'li Streak, Egg 
Top, Early Gillillower, ]<anieuse, Fail 
Pippin, Fall Sweet, Fall.nAvater, Green 
Sweet, Gloria JIundi, Grape Apple, Gilli- 
llower, Golden Sweet, Greasy Pipjiin, 
Gate, GoUlen Ru.sset, Grimes' Golden, 
Golden I'ippin, Hawley, ilubbardston's 
Nonsuch, llaniillon Pippin, .lersey Red, 
Jersey (ireening, .Iclferies, .loualhan, Kei- 
mey Seedling, Jianders, Lady Washington, 
Lady Sweet, Little Gem, Mother, Mason, 
JIuuson Sweet, Maiden Blush, Jlinister, 
Northern Spy, Nottingham Pie, Newtown 
Pippin, O.x Apple, Pound Sweet, Pri- 
mate, Porter, Pum])kin Scoeet, R. I. 
Greening, Red Cheek, Rock Apple, St. 
Lawrence, Sutton's Beauty, Sheep Nose, 
Sour Bough, .Sil)erian Crab Apiile, Swaar, 
Seek-no-Further, Tallm.'in Sweet, Twenty 
Ounce, Tompkins County King, Vande- 
vere, Virginia Sweet, AVealthy, White 
Pearmain, White Bellefleur, Wagener, 
Yellow Belletleur, Yellow Crabajiple. 

CHAUTAUQUA HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 

Apples. 

Shipment made September ;!0, 1893. 

BaUlwin, Pameuse, Golden Russet, 
Gillitlower. Holland Pippin, King, North- 
ern Spy, Poimd Sweet, Piuupkin Sweet, 
Porter, R. 1. Greening, Raiid)o, Hisley 
Seedling, Wine Sap, Sweet Russet, Si- 
berian Crab, Twenty Ounce, Wagener, 
White Bellefleur. 

A. T. CLARK, RAYMONDVILLE. 
Appi.ES. 

Shipment made September 13. 
Alexander, Baxter, Blue Pearmain, Ben 
D.avis, ('liani]iioii. Cranberry Pippin, 
Detroit Red, Dricks .'J, Fall Harvey, Gra- 
venslcin. Golden Russet, Golden l'ip]iin, 
(Jillitlower, Green NoiiparicI, Hubbard's 
Pearmain, Ilubbardston's Nonsuch, King 
of Toin|ikins County, Langtry, Longford 
Beauty, Northern Greening, Putnam Rus- 
set, Pound Sweet, Pine Aliple, Red 
.Vstrachan, See<lliiig Belletleur. Scck-no- 
Furlher. St. Lawrence, Swed Biuigh, 
Sw<'et Grci'iiing, Sn.iw A|iple, Twenty 
Ounce, Turkey, Wageii.T, Yellow 
Belletleur. 

SEYMOUR CLARK. 

APPIiBS. 

Shipment made September 23, 1893. 
Fallawater. 



272 



New YoiiK at the Woeld's Colombian Exposition. 



JOHN CLINE, MASSENA. 

Apples. 
Shipment made September 13. 
Alexander, Amer's Seedling, Brock- 
ville Beaut}% Duchess, Detroit Ked, 
Golden Greening, Green Nonpariel, 
Golden Russett, Irish Peach, Jersey 
Sweet, King of Tompkins C^o., Langtry, 
Langford Beauty, Mcintosh Red, Mon- 
treal Beauty Crag, Oxheart, Peck's 
Pleasant, Pumpkin Sweet, Pine Apple, 
Pound Sweet, Pewaukee, Sweet Green- 
ing, Sweet Bough, Summer Queen, 
Scott's Winter, Sweet Golden Russet, 
Snow, Stone, St. Lawrence, Seek-no- 
Further, Tallman Sweet, Tetof.sliy, 
Transcendent Crab, Wealthy, Yellow 
Transparent. 

F. B. CLOTHIER, SILVER CREEK. 

Apples. 

Shipments made August 24. 1893. 
Baldwin, Beutley's Sweet, Greening, 
Golden Sweet, Red Astrachan, Sweet 
Bough, Siberian Crab. 

Plums. 
Clapp, Horse, Yellow Gage. 

Peaks. 
Bartlett, Clapp's Favorite, Duchess 
Tyson. 

BLACKBERlirES. 

Early Wilson. 

Peaches. 
Atlantic. 

CHAS. COOLIDGE, PHELPS. 
Apples. 

Baldwin, Cheeseborough Russet, North- 
ern Spy, Roxbury Russet, R. I. Green- 
ing, Tallman. . 

GEO. DOW. 
Strawberries. 
Shipment made June 31, 1893. 
Unknown seedlings. 

M. DOYLE & CO., ROCHESTER. 

Shipment made October 13, 1898. 

Evaporated apples, evaporated peaches, 
evaporated . plums, evaporated cherries, 
evaporated raspberries, evaporated black- 
berries. -^^ 

T. J. DWYER, CORNWALL ON 

HUDSON. 

Strawberries. 

Shipment made June 21, 1893. 

Bubac. Cumberland Triumph, Gaudy, 

Lovett's Earlj', Lennig's White, MePart- 

land, Parker Earle, Sharpless. 



ELLAV ANGER & BARRY, ROCHES- 
TER. 

Pears. 

Shipments made May 23, August 13-26, 
September 13-26, October 4. 
Adams, Arbre Courbe, Ansault.Angou- 
leme, America, Alfonso Karr, Anjou, 
August Mignard, Angelique le Clerc, 
Angouleme Bronze, Black Worcester, 
Beurre dcs jMouchouse, Brandywine, 
Beurre Mauxion, Beurre de Waterloo, 
Beurre Hammecher, Bartktt, Boussock, 
Beurre Amanlis, Bergamot, Buffo, Beurre 
Antoine, Buffum, Beurre do L'Assomp- 
tion, Borgamct Ileitrich, Bloodgood, 
Beurre Audusson, Beurre Moire, Bosc, 
Beurre Dumont, Bezi de la Motte, Beurre 
Capiumont, Beurre Gris d'Hiver, Berga- 
mot Arsine Sannier, Bergamot Royal 
d'Hiver, Blauquet St. Onge, Beurre 
D'Aremburg, Beurre Alex Lucas, Brock- 
worth Park, Beurre Duhaume, Beurre 
Antoine, Beurre Dubuisson, Canandaigua, 
Clnirgeau, Clapp's Favorite, Clapp's No. 
64, Cabot, Couseiller de la Cour, Col. Wil- 
der, Comte de Paris, Columbia, Chapman, 
Clapp's No. 135, Colt's Beurre, Catinka, 
Colmar Epine, Church, Doj'enne Jamin, 
Ducbesse de Bordeaux, Doyenne Down- 
ing, Doyenne Dillen, Doj'enne Robin, Dr. 
Jules Guyot, Duchess Precoce, Dear- 
born's Seedling, Delices de Mons, Dr. 
Nelis, Dix, Democrat, Duhamcl du Mon- 
eeaii, Doyennedu Cercle, Doyenne Sieulle, 
Doyenne d'Alencon, Dr. Benit, Elizabeth 
Edwards, Emile d'Heyst, Epinc Dumas, E. 
& B. Seedling, Eastern Belle, Elizabeth, 
Easter Beurre, Fondaute de Bihorel, Fox 
No. 7, Frederick Clapp, Fondaute de 
Cuerne, Fondaute de Thiriot, Fondaute de 
Paniseul, Figue d'Alencon, Grey Doy- 
enne, Gregoire Bourdillou, Gansel's Berg- 
amot, General de Lourmel, Grand Mogul, 
Gansel's Seckel, Hoosic, Hardy, Howell, 
Steinmetz Catharine, Homewood, Huy- 
she's Prince Consort, Island, Jersey 
GratioU, Jalousie de Fontenay, Jackson, 
Jones, Josephine de Malines, Kingsessing, 
Kirtland. Kieffer, Livingston's Virgalieu, 
Lodge, Little Gem, Loriol de Baruy, Le 
C'omte, Lovaux, La France, Lawrence, 
Louise Bonne, LangUer, Lamartiue, 
Margaret, Mace, Muskingum, Madame 
Blanche Sannier, Madame Treyve, 
Madame Heutin, Manning's Elizabtth, 
Madamo Cuisin, Jlaguate, Jlarie Parent, 
Mount Vernon, j\Iiller, Madame von Sie- 
bold, Margaret d' Anjou, Napoleon, New- 
berry, Oswego Beurre, Paradise 
d'Autonuie, Prevo.st, P. Barry, Pendle- 
ton's Early York, President Gilbert, 
Pound, Prince Imperial, Petre, Pardee's 
Seedling, Paul Ambre, Piatt, Pitmaston 
Duchess, President Mas, Raymond de 
Montlaur, Reeder, Richards, Rapalje's 



Eepoet ox the Pomology Exhibit. 



273 



Seedling, Rus 
mer Virgalieu, 
Souvenir du 
Real, Slieldon. 
Sel'ieck, St. Cr 
d'Espereu, T_v 
Van Buieu, Vi 
ton, AVliartou's 
Do>"enne, Zoar 



hmore Bonclircticn, Sum. 
Sterling, Sarali, Supurtiiu', 
C'ougres, Summer Frane 
Soulard Bemamot, Seclcel, 
ispiu, St. Andre. Souvenir 
son, Tyler, Upper Crust, 
car of "Winkfield. 'Wasliing- 
Early. Winter Xelis, Wliite 
Beauty. 



L. J. far:mer, pulaskl 

Sthawbekries. 
Shipments made June 28 and Julv 3, 
1893. 
Accomac, Auburn, Anna Forest, 
Beaufy, Beverly, Burt, Bubac, Beder 
Wood, Beebe. CraTvford, Cumberland, 
Cloud, California, Cameroniau. Dayton, 
Edwards' Favorite, Edgar Queen, Eureka, 
Enhance, Eclipse, Farnsworth, Gaudy, 
Gov. Hoard, Gen. Putman, Gillespie, 
Great Paoific, Haverland. Hermit, Iowa 
Beauty, Jucunda Imperial. Jewel, Jessie, 
Lady Rusk, Long John, Lovett, Leader, 
Slark, Mystic, Miami. Muskingum, Mich- 
el's Early, Morning View, Manchester, 
Sliddleford, Mrs. Cleveland, Oregon Ever- 
bearing, Oregon, Parker Earle, Pearl, 
Phillips' Xo. 1. Sadie. Southard, Shuster's 
Germ. Standard, Swindle, Stayman's Ko. 
1, Saunders, Shnrpless, Van Deman,Wool- 
vcrton. Waldron, Windsor Chief, War- 
field, Wilson, Walton. 

SETH FEXXER, EAST AURORA, 
X. Y. 
Plums. 

Shipments made September 2, 1893. 
German Prune, Goliath, Horse. Lom- 
bard, Orleans, Red 3Iagnum Bonum, 
Reine Claude, Schenectady, Catharine, 
unnamed varieties (2). 

Apples. 

Baldwin, Fameuse, ^Maiden's Blush, 
Roxbury Russet, Twenty Otmee, un- 
named varieties (2). 

Pears. 
Bartlett, Bosc, Clapp's Favorite, Seckel. 

JAMES- FLAHIVE, PEXX VAX. 

^Vpples. 

Shipment made September 12. 1893. 
King. Lady Elgin, Xortheru Spy, Sum- 
mer Piijpiu, Seek-no-Further, Wagener. 



Bartlett. 



Pears. 



M. FLE>LMING, WALLKILL. 

^Vpples. 

Shipment made August 11. 
Red Astrachan, Sweet Bough, 
Bough. 

3.5 



Sour 



J. B. GRAHAM. SYRACUSE. 

Cuekiues. 

Shipment made July IT, 1893. 
Xapoleon Bigarreau. 

E. S. GREENE, GOLDEX BRIDGE. 
Apples. 
Shipment made October 11, 1898. 
Fallawater, R. I. Greening, Tallman 
Sweet, Xorthern Spy. 

C. W. HAIXES, MILLBROOK. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 13, 1893. 
Bellefleur, Bailey Sweet, Cranberry 
Pippin, Colvert, Gillitlower, Greasy Pip- 
pin, King of Tompkins Co., Xewtowu 
Pippin, Xorthern Spy, Oblong Crab, R. 
I. Greening, Roxbtiry Russet, Stone, 
Swaar, Seek-no-Further, Tallman Sweet, 
Twenty Ounce. 

S. E. HALL. 

Str.\weekries. 

Shipment made June 31, 1898. 
Unknown seedlings. 

W. H. HART, POUGHKEEPSIE. 
Apples. 

Shipment made September 23, 1893. 
Belle et Bonne, Baldwin, Ben Davis, 
Dutch Mignonne, Esopus Spitzenbcrg, 
Fall Pippin, Gano, Golden Russet. Hub- 
bardston's Xonsuch, Hart. Holland Pip- 
pin, Jonathan, King of Tompkins Co., 
Ladies Sweeting, Monstrous Pippin, 
McLellan. Mother, Xorthern Spy. Pough- 
kecpsie Russet, Peck's Pleasjint. Rock 
Pippin, R. I. Greening, Ribston's Pip- 
pin, Roxbury Russet, Swaar, Smoke- 
house, Tallman Sweet, Vandevere. 

H. E. HEXD, NEAVBURGH. 
Pears. 

Shipment made September 4, 1893. 
Bartlett. 

Peaches. 
Wager. 

G. S. HILLER.MAX. READING 
CEXTER. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October T, 1893. 
Baldwin. Red Streak. Gillitinwer. King 
of Tompkins Co., R. I. Greening. Rox- 
bury. Seek-no-Further, Tallman Sweet, 
Twenty Ounce. 

L. E. HORTON, GOLDEN BRIDGE. 
Apples. 

Shipment made October 11, 1893. 
Golden Pippin, Hays, Northern Spy, 
Twenty Ounce. 



2TJ: 



Nkw Yomk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Peaks. 
Lawrence, Frcderiek Olapp. 

C. B. HUGIISON, BRISTOL. 

Ari'i.Ks. 

Sliipment miide September 12, 1893. 
Maiden's Blush. 

G. E. HUGIISON, BRISTOL SPRINGS. 
Ari'LKs. 

ShiiuiieiU, made Oetolier IR, 189.3. 
Lady Sweel. 

W. E. HUNT, HUNT'S CORNERS. 

Al'I'I.KS. 

Sliipment made Oetober 11, 1893. 
Gillitlinver. niitcliiiigs' Virjiie Seedling., 
King of I'cimpl^ins Co., Norlliern Spy, 
Ka.g, Seelv-Ud-Fui'tlier, Twenty Ounce. 

F. ■NA'. LA GRANGE. 

Applks. 

Sliipment made Oetobcr 11. 1893. 
Balilwin. lielletleur. Bi'n Davis. Cnba- 
sliea, (iillitlower, (Jolden Thread. King of 
Tompkins Co., Norton's Melon. Northern 
Sjiy. Pound Sweet, Peek's Pleasant, Ko.\- 
biiiy Russet, R.I. Greening, Spitzeuberg, 
Taliman Sweet. 

QtJINCES. 

Orange. 

D. C. LEKOY, li.VLnWlXSVlLI.K. 
Plums. 

Shipment made September fl, 1893. 

nieeeker's Gage. Damson, Frost Gage, 
Italian Prune, Imperial Gage, (-)rleaus. 

Pe.\1{S. 
Bartlett, Duchess, Seckcl, Tyson. 

Apples. 

Red Astnichan, 

Quinces. 
Orange. 

HENRY LUTTS, YOUNSGTOWN. 
Plums. 

Sbipnieiits made August 4, 9, 17, 26 and 
September 1, 2fi. 
Abundance, Bradsha\t Duane's Pur]ile. 
Filleiiberg. Glass Seedling, Lincoln, Mc- 
Laughlin. Ogon. Pond's Seedling, Quack- 
enboss, Reine Claude, unknown varie- 
ties (% Wild Goose, Yellow Egg. 

Pe.vches. 

Amsden's .lune. Beers' Smock, Chaem 
Choii'e, Early Beatrice. Elli.son. Elberta, 
Early Rivers, Early Louise, Globe, Hyues' 



Surprise, .TapancseWineberiy, LordPalm- 
erslon. Lulu. Loiighurst, Mary's Choice, 
Moore's Favorite, i\Iulberry, Stevens' Rjire- 
rijie. Wager, Yellow St. John. 

LYONS BROS., KATONAH. 

Peaks. 
Urbanist. 

WM. JIARCY, E. KENDALL. 
Peaches. 
Shipment made September 12, 1893. 
Early Crawford. 

CIIAS, JIILLS. FAIRMONT. 

Black Raspheuiues. 
Shipment made Jidy 15, 1893. 
Gregg, Jlills' Seedling, Kansas. 

GoOSEliEKKIES. 

Auburn. 

(^UKKANTS. 

Mills' Seedling Cluster. 

W. D. jMILNE. east KENDALL, 

Plums. 
Shipincnls made August 30, September 
13 and 28, 1893. 
Kingston, Lombard. 

Peaches. 
Early Crawford. 

Apples. 
Baldwin. King of Tompkins County. 

Peaks. 



Quinces. 



Duchess. 
Orange. 

JACOB MOORE, ATTICA. 

CUKUANTS. 

Shipments made July 24, 28 and 29, 
1893." 
Crossbred Seedlings. Nos. 360, .300, 10, 
420, 280, 180, 400, 310. 300, 170, 450, 
430, 230, 320, Moore's Dark Red. 

GoOSEliERRIES. 

Two seedling varieties. 

F. C. JIORRIS, YOUNGSTOWN. 
Peaches. 
Shipment made June 9, 1893. 
Amsden's Juno. 

B. MURPHY', E. KENDALL. 

PE.A.CnES. 

Shipment made September 13, 1893. 
Early Crawford. 




CANNED FRUIT EXHIBIT 



Eepout on the Pomology Exhibit. 



275 



Apples. 
Flower of Genesee, Kiug of Tompkius 
Co., Twenty Ounce. 

NEW YORK EXPERIMENTAL STA- 
TION, GENEVA. 

STI!.\W]51iKRIES. 

Shipments n.iule .Tune 19, 21. .July 1. 

Allen No. 1, Allen No, 3, Bessie, 
Bevei'ly, Bubac, Beder Wood. Burt. 
Oliuir's" Favorite, C'l'osby No. 10, Eureka. 
Freight's No. 2, Governor Hoard, IIolT- 
maii. riaverland, Iluzleton No. 1, Laxton's 
Nolile, Middletield, Mitciiell's Early, Man- 
chester, No. 20.5 Station, Oregon Ever- 
bearing. Oliver, Phillips' Seedling. Prin- 
cess, Smettzer's Early, Townsend's No. 
2, Townsend's No. 9, Van Deman. 

CURR.VNTS. 

Shipments made July 7, 15, 24, August 3. 
Baldwin, Baldwin's (Bl lek), t'hanipion 
(Wliile), Champion, Cherry, Columbian 
Red, Champion (Black), Eclipse, English 
(Black), Fay, Fay's Prolific, Glorie des 
Sabions, Lee's Black Prolific, Lee's Black, 
Loudon Red, Jlills' Seedhng, North Star, 
Naples (Black), Naples, Ogdeu's Black 
Grape, Prince Albert, Prince of Wales. 
Red Dutch, Ruby Castle, Saunders' No. 
1, Saunders' No. 2, Seedling (White), Ver- 
sailles, Victoria, White Grape, AVhite 
Dutch, Wilder. 

GOOSEBERBIES. 

Shipments made July 1, 19, 24, 27, 
August 3, 
Alderman, Antagonist, Alice, Apology. 
Bull Dog. Blucher, British Queen, Broom's 
Girl, Bollin Hall, Briton, Bury Lam. Bow- 
cock. Mrs., Crown Bob, Criterion, Cyprus. 
Countess of Arms<lale, Cry,stal, Columbus, 
Candidate, Careless, Crank, Catharine, 
Dominion, Downing, Duster, Dagwill's 
No. 1, Dan's Jlistake, Diadem, Drill, 
Duke of Sutherland, Eckender Boy, Ex- 
cellent, Foxhunter, Flora, Floxtonia, For- 
vorions, Fronteuac, Facination, Fallstaff, 
Freedom. Golden Prolitic, Galopin, Gree- 
nock, Green Waln\it, Gretna Green, 
Golden Hers, Garilialdi, George Ridley, 
Golborne, Gunner, Highlander. Hough- 
ton, Hers of the Nile, Huntsman, Hit or 
Miss, Industry, Improved Early Hedge- 
hog, Italy, Ironmonger, Industry Seed- 
lings, JoUj' Angler, King of Trumps, 
Keepsake, Lawton, London City, Lady 
Pophani, Lad)' Houghton. Lancasliire 
Lad. Lavinia, Li/.zard. Leveller, Lord 
Leigh, Lord Beaeonsfield, ^lountain Seed- 
ling. ]\Iagneta. Major Hibbet, Matchless, 
Monument, Mitchell, Mt. Pleasant, Not- 
tingham, Nancy, Napoleon le Grand, 



Nos. 11, 13, 14, IG, 17, 20, 26, and 27, 
Overall, Pale Red, Pcto, Payallup's j\Iam. 
moth. Postman, Pearl, Plowboy, Pastime, 
Peru, Pitmaston Green Gage, (Jueen of 
AVhite, Queen of Victoria, Queen of 
Trumps, Rover, Rough Red, Roesch, Red 
Robin, Red Champagne, Red Warring- 
ton, Red Jacket, Roesch's Seedling, Roar- 
ing Lion, Smith, Snowdrop, Siiortsman, 
Smiling Beauty, Shiner, Smith's Im- 
proved, Sir Geo. Brown, Speedwell, 
Succeed, Tally Ho, Triumph, Thatcher, 
Thumper, Trumjieter, Tichbom'ne, Unity, 
Village Green, AA'hitesmith, AVhite Eagle, 
AVhite Hare, AVistaston, AVellington's 
Glory, AVilliam AVatson, AA'hiti' Swan, 
Wolley, Dr. Whittakcr, Mrs. AVondor- 
ful, AVakefnl. 

Apricots. 

Shipments made July 24, 27, August 3. 

Alexander I. Gibb, Catharine, Golden 

Russian, Nicholas, Oullin's Early Peach. 

Applfs. 

Shipments made August 3, 12, 28, Octo- 
ber 4. 
Autumn Streaked, Alexander, August, 
Acubaleaf, Blood Red, Ben Davis, Bald- 
win, Chenango Strawberry, Chicago, 
Cooper's Market, Duchess of Oldenburg, 
Dickinson, Early IIar\'est, Fall AViue, 
Fallawater, Flora, Fall Pipjiin, Groskoo [ 
Selenka Gruner, Golden Sweet, Grand Sul- 
tan, Gravenstein, Gideon No, 1, Golden 
Russet. Ilurlburt, Hyslop Crab, Hartford . 
Rose, Holland Pippin, Haas, Hubbardston 
Nonsuch, Jefl'eries, Keswick, Kittagesker, 
Kiug of Tompkins Co., Late Duchess, 
Lo\i, Longfield, Lady Ap]ile, Maiden's 
Blush, McMahon's White, Mammoth Pip- 
]iin, Montreal Beaut)', Martha Crab, 
Mother. Oblong, Ontario, Paul's Imperial, 
Priniiite, Picta Striata, Pommc Gris, 
Pewavdvce, Paul's Im)5erial Crab, Princess 
Louise, Red Beitigheimer, Red Astraehan, 
Rawle's Janet, Rome Beauty, Roxbury 
Russet, Red Siberian, R. I. Greening, 
Rambo, Saps of AVine, Smelling Apple, 
Stump, Small's Admirable, St. Lawrence, 
Scott's AVinter, Sharp Apple, Sutton's 
Beauty, Standard, Transcendent Crab, 
Twenty Ounce, Tallman Sweet, Vander- 
vere, AVhitney Seedling Crab, Williams' 
Favorite, Wagener, Washington Royal. 

Pears. 

Shipments made August 28 and October 
11. 
Boussock. Bartlett, Buffum, Dearborn 
Seedling, Japan Golden Russet, Maurice 
Despartcs, Russian 439, Sheldon, Van 
Cott. 



2TG 



New Yukk at the Woulu's Columbian Exposition. 



PLr>rs. 

Sbipincnts m:iilo Auu'ust 2S aud October 
11. 1893. 
Botau, Burbiiuk, Goldun Beaut}'. 
Italiau Pi'inci-', Mariana. ^Minor, Og'on, 
Purple Black, Purple Apricot, Smith's 
Orleans, "Wild Goose, World Beater. 

GliAPES. 

Shipment made September 4. 1S93. 
Beagle, t'levener. (,'rotou. Early Ohio. 
Grayson, Gov. Ireland, Iluber's Isabella 
Scedlini;-, Herald. Juno, Joiiesville. Little 
Blue, :\labcl. Jlarion, No. S, No. '66, No. 
1(5, 'White Jewell, 'Winchell. 

NO NAME, CHARLOTTE. 
Apples. 

Shipment made October 3, 1893. 
Baldwin, C'oojier's JIarket, Fall Jen- 
nettiug. Snow. Fameuse. Green Sweeting, 
Greening. Holland Pippin. Ilubbard- 
stou's Nonsuch. Johnson. King. Northern 
Spy. K. I. Greening, Roxbury Russet. 
Kibston's Pippin, Seek-no-Further, St. 
Lawrence, Vaudevere, Wealthy. 

PlCAIiS. 

Bartlelt. Beurre. Bosc. Clairgeau, Law- 
reuee, Scekel. Winter Nelis. 

ORANGE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 

Apples. 

Shipment made September 26, 1893. 

Ben Davis. Bailey Sweet. Baldwin, 
Black, Colvert. Cooper's Market. Falla- 
water. Grimes' Golden, Gillillower, Grav- 
enstein. Hog Island Sweet. Ilubbardston's 
Nonsuch. King of Tompkins County. 
Lady Sweet. Lowell. ^Mammoth Pip]iiu, 
jSIaiden's Blush, Northern S]>y, Newtown 
Spitzeuberg, R. I. Greening, Rainsdell, 
Stark, Tallman, Ulster, Vandevere 
Pippin. 

Pe.\rs. 

Diel, Louise Bonne, Sheldon, Scekel, 
Vicar of Winktield. 



Orange. 



Quinces. 



ORLEANS COUNTY AGRICUI^ 
TUBAL AND HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 

APPLESr 

Shipment made September 27 and 28, 1898. 
" Baldwin. Ben Davis. Cabashea. Fall 
Pippin. French Spitzenberg, Grimes' 
Golden. Gillltlower. Golden Russet. How- 
ell Pippin. Holland Pippin. Hiibbardston's 
Nonsuch. Jonathan. Kinir. Lady, Maiden's 
Blush, Northern Spy, Nonsuch, Peck's 



Pleasant, Pound Sweet, Roxbuiy's Graft, 
R. I. Greening, Ribston's Pippin, Rox- 
bury Russet, Richards' Graft, Seek-no- 
Further, Swaar, Tallman Sweet, Twenty- 
Ounce. 

W. II. OSBORNE, CLYDE. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 13. 1893. 
Baldwin, King of Tompkins Co., North- 
ern Spy, Roxbury Russet, R. I. Greening. 

IRA PEASE, OSWEGO. 

Pears. 

Shipment made September 26, 1893. 

Banlett. 

NICHOLAS PHALON, MARLBOR- 
OUGH. 

Gooseberries. 
Shipment made July 27, 1893. 
SecdUng. 

C. POWELL, COXSACKIE. 
Pears. 
Shipment made September 12, 1893. 
Bartlett, Bosc, Bcurie, Superfine, 
Clairgeau, Louise Bonne, Scekel. 

Apples. 
Favorite, Ilubbardston's Nonsuch, Van 
Berger, Sour. 

GEO. T. POAVELL, GIUENT. 

Ai'ples. 

Shipments made August 4, 8, 9, 14, 16, 

19 and 31. September 7 and 21. 
Cranberry Pippin. Early Stra^x' berry, 
Fall Strawberry, Fall Pippin, Fameuse, 
Grimes' Golden, Holland Pippin. Jona- 
than. Keswick, Codlin, Knickerbocker, 
Porter, R. I. Greening. Red Astrachan, 
Siberian Crab, Sweet Bough, Twenty 
Ounce, L'nknowu, Wagener. 

Apricots. 

Shipments made August 4, 8, 9, 19 and 
September 7 and 21. 
Moorpark. 

Pe.ves. 
Anjou. Bloodgood, Buffiuii. Bosc. Col- 
lection. Lliel. Doyenne d'Eter, Early Har- 
vest, Louise Bonne, Rostizer, Tyson, 
Unknown, Unnamed. 

J. D. POWELL, GOLDEN BRIDGE. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 2. 1893. 
Gravcnsteiu, King of Tompkins Co. 

Pears. 

Anjou, Clairgeau. Seckcl. 



Repoet ox the Pomology Exhibit. 



OLIVER PULVER, GHEXT. 
Apples. 

Shipment made September 12, 1893. 

Baklwin, E. tudling, Fall Greening, 
Newtown Pippin, IS'ortheru Spy, R. I. 
Greening, Spitzenberg, Seek-no-Further, 
Twenty Ounce. 

ROWLAND ROBIXSOX, SODUS. 

Apples. 
Fall Pippin, Long Island or White 
Craft. JIaiden's Blush, Porter. 

^X. P. ROGERS. WILLIAMSON. 

Apples. 
Shipment made September 27, 1893. 
Baldwin, King of Tompliins County, 
^laideus Blu.sh, Roxbury Russet, R. 1. 
Greening, Talluian's Sweet. 

Evaporated Raspberries. 
Early Ohio (black), Shaffer (red). 

GEO. F. ROWE, SYRACUSE. 

CUKIiAXTS. 

Shipment made July 4, 1893. 
Cherry. AVhite Dutch. 

Gooseberries. 
Wellington's 61orJ^ 

G. E. RYKEMAN. BRO( TON. 

Quisi Es. 

Shipment made October 4, 1893. 
Rae's .Uaunnolh. 

SENECA LAKE GRAPE GROWERS' 

ASSOCIATION. 

QL^^"CEs. 

Shipment made October T, 1893. 

Orange. 

E. SMITH & SONS. GENEVA. 

Apricots. 

Shipments made July 20 and 29, 

August 1. 

Early iloorpark. Eureka, Jackson. 

Large Early ilontgamet, St. Ambroise, 

Roman. 

Peacues. 

Ackley. Brigdeu, Crawford. 

O. H. SMITH, ELLICOTTVILLE. 
Apples, 

Sliipmeut made October 11, 1893. 
Bildwin Belletieur. Cabashca, Falla- 
waler, GilUHower, Golden Russet, Hub- 
bardston's Nonsuch. King of Tompkins 
Co.. Maiden's Blush, Newtown Pippin, | 
Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, R. I. Green- I 
ing. Russet Pearraain, Twenty Ounce, j 
Wagener. 



GEORGE C. SNOW, PENN YAN. 

Apples. 

Shipments made August 4. 23 and 30, 
September 22, 1893. 
FaU Pippin, King of Tompkins Co., 
Primate, Red Astrachan. 

Peaches. 
Alexander, Yellow Alberger. 

Pe.ars. 
ClapiVs Favorite. 

FRED H. SNYDER, GHENT. 
Apples. 
Shipment made September 12, 1893. 
Bellefleur, Cranberry Pippin, E. Cod- 
ling, Fall Greening. Grimes' Golden, Hol- 
land Pippin. Hawley, Jonathan, Porter, 
Pound Sweet, Spitzenberg, Twenty- 
Ounce, Vandevere. 

Pears. 

Buffum, Bartlett, Sheldon. 

J. F. STREET. 

Strawberries. 

Shipment made June 21, 189.3. 
I7nknown seedlinffs. 



Unknown seedlins 



J. STUPPLEBEEN, GHENT. 
Apples. 
Ben Davis, Black Seek-no-Further, Bald- 
win, Fall Strawberry, Gillitlower, Jona- 
than, Iving, Lady Sweet, Newtown Pij)- 
pin. Northern Spy, Russet Pearmain, 
Sheepnose, Wagener. 

FRED TABOR, HIGHLAND. 

.U>PLES. 

Shipment made August 31, 1893. 
Maiden's Blush. 

AT. F. TABOR, POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Str.^wberries. 

Shipments made June 21 and 29, 1893. 
(Jaudy, Sharpless. 

JOSEPH T. THOMPSON, ONEIDA. 

Raspberries. 
Shipments made July 27 and August 9, 
1893. 
Columbian. 

GEO. TODD, GOLDEN BRIDGE. 

Peachks. 
Shipment made October 2 and 11, 1893. 
Crawford's L.nte, Lord Palmerston, 
Smock, Stevens' Riireripe, Ward's Late. 

Apples. 
Baldwin, Fall Pippin, R. I. Greening 
St. Jliehaels. 



278 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Howell. 



Peabs. 



MORRIS TOMPKINS, GERMAN- 
TOWN. 

STRAWBKimiES. 

Shipments made June 16, 19, 20. 
Bubac, Downing, Jessie, Pearl, Sharp- 
less, Snyder Seedling, Unknown, West 
Shore. 

E. D. C. TRACT, GHENT. 

Apples. 

Shipment made September 12, 1893. 

Bellefleur, Blush Pippin, Cranberry 

Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, Pameuse, GiUi- 

flower, Gloria Mundi, Holland Pippin, 

Hawley, Jonathan, Northern Spy, R. I. 

Greening, Spitzenberg. 

E. VAN ALSTYNE, KINDERHOOK. 
Apples. 

Shipment made August 11, 1893. 
Pall Pippin, Fall Spitzenberg, Grav- 
enstein, Golden Sweet, Maiden's Blush, 
Wine. 

Peaks. 
Bartlett, White Doyenne. 

GEO. VANDEVERE, AMSTERDAM. 
Peaks. 
Shipment made October 11, 1893. 
Anjou, Buffum, Clairgeau, Hardy, 
Howell, Lawrence, Oswego Beurre, Shel- 
don, Vicar of Winlifield, Winter Nelis, 
Washington. . 

Apples. 

Baldwin, Esopus Spitzenberg, English 
Russet, Pameuse, Gilliflower, Golden 
Russet, King of Tompkins Co., Northern 
Spy, Roxbury Russet, R. I. Greening, 
Rambo, Seek-no-Purther, Swaar, Tallman 
Sweet, Wealthy, Yellow Bellefleur. 

VAN DRESSER BROS., COBLESKILL, 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 13, 1893. 

Baldwin, Ben Davis, Fallawater, Pall 

Orange, King of Tompkins Co. , Northern 

Spy, R. I. Greening, Twenty Ounce. 

A. VAN WAGENEN, Jr., LAWYERS- 
VILLE. 

Pear's. 
Shipments made September 4, 1893. 
Clapp's Pavorite. 



Early Orleans. 



Plums. 



Unnamed. 



Apples. 



VANDYKE WALTEMIRE, GHENT. 
Apples. 
Shipment made September 12, 1893. 
Baldwin, Greening, GiUiflower, Spit- 
zenberg, Winter Pearmain. 

O. WEED, CLYDE. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 13, 1893. 
Ben Davis, Baldwin, Gilliflower, King 
of Tompkins Co., Northern Spy, R. I. 
Greening. 

WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUIr- 
TURAL SOCIETY, ROCHESTER. 

Apples. 

Alexander, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Belle 
et Bonne, Bottle Greening, Black Van- 
devere, Bailej^'s Sweet, Boiken, Cooper's 
Market, Cabashea, Cheeseborough Russet, 
Coral Apple, Dutch Mignonne, Duchess, 
Fall Newell, Pall Pippin, Fall Greening, 
Fameuse, Fallawater, Fall Strawberry, 
Gilliflower, Gloria Mundi, Gravenstein, 
Greasy Pippin, Grape Apple, Holland 
Pippin, Hysop Crab, Hawley, Hub- 
bardston's Nonsuch, Jonathan, King 
Apple, King, Kentish Pill Basket, Lady 
Washington, Long Island, Lady Sweet, 
Mother, Mann, Maiden's Blush, Mcintosh 
Red, Mammoth Pippin, Middle, New- 
town Pippin, Northern Spy, Pewaukee, 
Pound Sweet, Poughkeepsie Russet, 
Porter, Pine Apple, Roxbury Russet, 
Ribston's Sweet, Rock, R. I. Greening, 
Red Canada, Seek-no-Further, Siberian 
Crab, Swaar, Spitzenberg, Sutton's 
Beaut}% Twenty Ounce, Virginia Sweet, 
Virginia Sweet Crab, Wagener, Yorii 
Pippin, Yellow Crab, Yellow Bellefleur. 

Pears. 
Angouleme, Anjou, Boussock, Beurre 
Gris d'Hiver, Barry, Bosc, Clairgeau, 
Duchess Panache, Duchess de Bor- 
deaux, Howell, Japanese, Josephine de 
Malines, EliefEer, Louise Bonne, Law- 
rence, Onondaga, Oswego, Seckel, Shel- 
don, Vicar of Winkfield, Winter Nelis. 

A. B. WILLIAMS, SODUS. 
Apples. 
Shipment made October 13, 1893. 
Evaporated apples. 

Raspberries. I 

Evaporated red and black. 

J. P. WILSON, EAST KENDALL. 

Apples. 

Shipment made October 11, 1893. 

Baldwin, Cabashea, Roxbury Russet, 

R. I, Greening, Spitzenberg, Tallman 

Sweet, Twenty Ounce. 




p 

5 



RePOKT ox TUE PolIULOUY ExiUBIT. 



279 



VEGETABLE EXHIBIT. 



BONNELL, A., WATEKLOO. 
Potatoes. 
Bonnell's Acme. Bonnell's Columbiau, 
Badger State, Burpee's Extra Early, 
Bro-n-nell'sWiuner, Early Yaughan, Early 
Market, Early Wisconsin, Freeman. Far- 
mer's Alliance and Early Northern. Negro, 
People's Chautauqua, Pride of Ireland, 
Rural New Yorker No. 2. Rochester Rose, 
Seneca Beauty, Signal, Sunlit Star, 
Seedling No. 3] Storm King, The Dandy, 
The^ew Queen, Yan Orman's Earliest. 

DAYIDSON, G. HOWARD, MILL- 
BROOK. 



Long Red. 
Danvers. 
Brunswick. 
White Egg. 



Beets. 

C'.\llKOTS. 
C ABU AGE. 

Turnip. 



FORD. CHARLES W., FISHERS. 
Potatoes. 

American Giant, Beauty of Hebron, 
Belle, Blush, Burbank's SeedHng, Crane's 
June Eating. Champion of England, Da- 
kota Red, Early Rose, Early Puritun, 
Early White Prize, Empire State, Everitt, 
General McClellan, James Yick, Jumbo, 
King of Roses, Laymon SeedUng, Late 
Beauty of Hebron', Mayflower, Mills' 
Prize, Minister, Moore's Dakota, New 
Queen, Ohio Junior, Ohio, O. K. ^lam- 
moth Prolific, Polaris, Queen of the 
Roses, Queen of the Yalley, Red Ohio, 
Reeves' Rose, Summit, Sunrise, Yaughan, 
White Elephant, White Seedling, Wood- 
hull Seedling. 

HASBROECK, LUTHER, NEW 
PxVLTZ. 

Onions. 

Red Wethersfield. 

HOWARD. 6. C, ROCHESTER. 
Shipment made October 11, 1893. 
Beet (Blood Turnip), Carrots (two va- 
rieties), Cabbage (two varieties). Celery 
(two varieties), Celeriac, Mangolds, Egg 
Plant, Parsnips, Radishes (seven varie- 
ties). Salsify, Turnips (four varieties). 

HOWARD, S. G., ROCHESTER. 

Shipment made October 13. 1893. 
Black Winter Squash, Cucumbers, 
•Cauliflower, Chicory, Celery, Egg Plant, 



Flat Turnips, Hubbard Squash, KoH- 
Rabi, Long Parsnips, Louff Carrots, Large 
White Radish, Red Winfer Radish, Red 
Cabbage, Sweet Corn, Short Carrots, 
Tomatoes, Turnip Beets, Watermelons, 
Winter Gourd Squash, White Cabbage, 
Yellow Globe Turnips. 

LANE, T., YICTOR. 
Potatoes. 
American Wonder. Charles Downing, 
Early Hebron, Ideal, Monroe County 
Prize, Monroe County Seedling, Rural 
New Yorker No. 2, Rural Blush, Stray- 
Beauty, White Star. 

NTilW YORK EXPERBLENTAL STA- 
TION. 
Beets. 

Shipments made June 15, July 19-39, 
August 4, 10, 30, October .5, 11. 
Burpee's Improved Blood Turnip, Bur- 
pee's Early Turnip, Bastion's Extra Early- 
Turnip, Bastion's Half Long Blood Red, 
Columbia, Dewing's Impro-s-ed Blood Tur- 
nip, Dewing's Turnip, Edmands' Extra 
Early Blood Turnip, Early Egyptian Tur- 
nip, Early Blood Red T-urnip, Early Yel- 
low Turnip, Egyptian Blood Turnip, 
Early Bassano Turni]i, Henderson's Pine 
Apple, Large Ribbed Yellow Brazilian, 
Large Ribbed Silver, Large Ribbed Bra- , 
zili;in Scarlet, Large Smooth Blood Red, 
^Mitchell Perfected Dark Red, New Eclipse, 
Swiss Charden Green, Swiss Charden Red. 

Beans. 

Shipment made July 7 and August 30. 
Best of All. Burpee's Perfection Wax, 
China Rcd-Eve, Dwarf German Black 
Wax, Dwarf "Golden-Eyed Wax, Early 
Mohawk, Emperor William, Extra Early 
Refugee, Extra Early Speckled Yalentine, 
Flageolet Wax, Improved Rust-Proof 
Golden AVax, Improved Golden AYax, 
Kidney AVax, New Prolific German Black 
Wax, New Black-Eyed Wax, Round 
Yellow Six Weeks (Vick), Round Yellow 
Six AVeeks (Burpee), AVardwell's Kidney 
AYax. 

Bush Beaks. 

Shipments made July 13, 17, 24, August 
1, September 28. 
Best of All, Blue Podded Butter, Bur- 
pee's Perfection AA'ax, Boston Small Pea, 
China Red-Eye, Chamiiion Bush, Dwarf 
German Wax', Dwarf German Black AVax, 
Dwarf Golden Wax. Dwarf Golden-Eyed 
AVax, Early Yellow Six AVeeks, Early Mo- 



280 



New Y(jek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



hawk, Eiii]3LT(n' WilUiim, Extra Early 
llcfugee. Extra Red Speckled Valentine, 
Extra E;niy Red Speckled Valentine, 
Flageolet Wax, Goddard, Giant AVax, 
Horticultural, Improved Rust-Prool' 
Golden Wax, Ivory Podded Wax, Im- 
proved Golden 'Wax, Kidne)' Wax, New 
Prolific German Black (Wax), New Black- 
Eyed Wax, New Prolific German Wax, 
Round Yellow Six Weeks, Refugee, 
Wardwcll's Kidney Wax, Wlute Marrow- 
fat, yosennle Mainmotli Wax, Yosemite 
Kidney Wax. 

CABBAOli;. 

Shipment made August 4. October 11. 
Early Wiimigstadt, Giant Red Erfurt. 
All head early. 

OAnnoTS. 

Bliipmcnt made July 29, August 4, 10, 11, 
30, October 11. 
Chantenay, Coreless Long Red, Dan- 
ver's Half Long Red, Danver's Half Long 
Orange, Early Very Short Scarlet, Early 
French Short Horn (Burpee), Early French 
Short Horn (Vick), Half Long Scarlet 
Stump Rooted, Half Long Scarlet, Im 

£ roved Long Orange, Long White Vosges, 
urge White Belgian, Large Yellow Bel- 
gian, Large Red AUringluim, Oxheart, 
Saint Valley. 

CUCUMBEIiS, 

Shipment made August 1, 0, 11. 14. 31, 
Sa, iSO, September 7, )ii\ October 4. 
Arlington, Burpee's Giant Pera, Bur- 
pee's White Wonder. Chinese Long Green, 
Carter's Model, Chicago Pickling, Carter's 
Chanipion, Early Russian, Early Green 
Prolilic, Extra l^ong Green Prieldy, Ex- 
tra L-jng White Spine, Extra Frame, Ex- 
tra Green Cluster, Pordhook Improved 
White Spine, Giant of Amstadt, General 
Grant, Green Cluster, Hill's Forcing 
Wliite Spin,e, Japanese Climbing, London 
Long Green, Livingston's Evergreen, 
Long Green Southgate, Nickol's Medium 
Green, New Paris Pickling, New Giant 
White, Peerless White Spine, RoUi.son's 
Telegraph, Siberian, Serpent, Thorburu's 
New" Everbearing, Improved Chic^ago 
Picklim;, Westeriield's New Improved, 
West India Ghei'kin, White Pearl, White 
Spine. 

CuLHUY. 

Shipments made Seiitemlrei" 12, October 12. 
Giant Pascal, White Plume. 

Cauliflowisr. 

Shipment made October 5. 
Lenormand's Short Stem, Thorburn's 
Extra Early Dwart Erfurt, Thorburn's 
Gilt Ed^-e, Snow Ball. 



Corn (Swbe'I'). 

Shipment made August 3, 14, 18, 34, 
September 1, 7. 
Amber Cream, Black Mexican, Corj^ 
Crosby's Earlj' Twelve Rowed, Chicago- 
Market, Country Gentleman (Burpee), 
Country Gentleiiian (Henderson), Extra 
Early Adams. Early Minnesota, Early 
Eight Rowed Sugar, Egyptian, First of 
All, llickox Improved, Henderson's Red 
Cob Evergreen, Livingston's New Silver, 
Improved Rubj', Moore's Early Concord, 
Marblehead Early, Mammoth Sugar, 
Mammoth Late, New Early Champion, 
Ne Plus Ultra, Old Colony, Perry's Hy- 
brid, Potter's Excelsior, Potter's Excel- 
sior (Vick), Potter's Excelsior (Burpee), 
Stowell's Evergreen (Burpee), Stowell's 
Evergreen (Vick), Shakers' Early, Stow- 
ell's Evergreen, Stabler's Extra Early, 
Stabler's Pedigree, Triumph, Vick's 
Golden Nugget," Zig Zag Evergreen. 

C^ORN (Pop). 

Shipment nvade August 3, 34, September 

1, 7. 

Amber Rice, GoUlen Tom Thumb, Ma- 

pledale, Mapletlale Prolific, CJueen Golden, 

Silver Lass. 

Egg Plant. 
Shipment made October 11. 
New York Improved. 

Gourds. 

Shipments made August 14, 33, September 
1, 4, 38. 

Lettuce. 

Shipments made July 1, 3, 10, 22, Septem- 
ber 28, October 13, 
All Year Roiuid, Burpee's Silver Ball, 
Black Seeded Tennis Ball, Burpee's Hard 
Head, Black Seeded Butter, Burpee's 
Tomhannock. Buttercuji, Blonde Block- 
head, Black Seeded Simpson, C^alifornia 
Cream Butter, Danvcr Market. Deacon, 
Early Prize Head, Early Curletl Silisian, 
Early Curled Simpson, Gold Nugget, 
Grand Rapids, Harrison, Henderson's 
New York, Ilulibard's Market, Hanson, 
Imperial White, Imperial AVhite Cabbage, 
Marble Head Cabbage, Marble Head Mam- 
moth Cabbage, New Balloon, New Celery, 
New Icebci-g, Onondaga, Prize Head, 
Paris AVhite Cos, Perpigon, Satisfaction, 
Thick Head Yellow, Trianon, Vick's 
Premium Cabbage, White Cabbage, Yel- 
low Seeded Butter. 

Musk Melons. 
Shipment made October 4, 1893. 
Acme, Burpee's Netted Gem, Bouquet, 
Banana (citron. Champion Market, Chi- 
cago Nutmeg, Emerald Gem, Living- 



Rkport ox the Pojkjlogy Exhibit. 



281 



ston's Columbia, Long Island Beauty, 
Xew Tip Top, Kew Early llackensack. 
Orange Christiana, Westley Hall. 

W.vTER Melons. 
Fordliook Early. 

OsroNs. 

Shipments made July 29, August 10, 18, 
30. 
Extra Early Red, El Paso, Early Yel- 
low Globe Danvcrs, Giant White Italian, 
Giant Kcd Rocca, Giant Rocca, Giant 
Yellow Rocca, 3Iarket Favorite, 31am- 
moth Pompeii, ilichigan Yellow Globe, 
New Slamraoth Silver King, New Queen, 
New Giant Red Hocca, Kew Silver Ball, 
Prize Taker, Red Globe, Red Victoria, 
Round Yellow Danvers, Silver AThite 
Etna, Southport Large Yellow Globe, 
Wethersiield, White Silver Skin, AVhite 
Victoria, White Globe, Yellow Globe 
Danvers, Yellow Dutch. 

Potatoes. 
Shipment made June 16, July 1, Septem- 
ber 28. 
jVmerican Giant. American Wonder, 
Blush, Bonell's Acme, Burbank, Brown- 
ells AVinner, Burpee's Superior, Burpee's 
E.xtra, Bell, Bronnell's Columbian, Badger 
State, Crane's June Eating. Crown .lewell, 
Chautauqua, Charles Downino;, Champion 
of England, Dandy, Dakota-Red, Eariy 
Beauty of Hebron, Empire State, Earl}- 
Rose, Early Xorlhern. Earlv JIarket. 
Early AVhite Piize, Everett, Early Puri- 
tan, Eai'h' Ohio, Famous Alliance, Gen. 
McClellan, Ideal. Jumbo, James A'ick, 
Kosh Konong, King of the Roses, La^-- 
man's Seedling. Mills' Prize, Mayflower, 
Monroe Seedling, ilinister, Monroe County 
Prize, Moore's D.diot.'i, New Queen, 
Negro, Ohio Junior, O. K. ^Mammoth 
Prolific, Pride of Ireland, People, Prize 
Taker, Polaris, Pearl of Savoy, Queen 
Roses, Queen of the A'alley, Reaves' Rare, 
Rociiester Rose, Rose's Beauty of Beauties, 
Rural Blush, Rural Xew Yorker No. 2, 
Red Ohio, Sunlit Star. Stray Beauty, 
Storm King. Seneca Beauty, Summit, 
Sunrise. Thorburn, A'an Orman's Earliest, 
Vauglmn's Early. White Star. AVhite Ele- 
phant, AVhite "Seedling, AVilson's First 
Choice, AVoodhull Seedling. 

Peppkhs. 
Shipments made Augu.st 9, September 1, 

2«; 

Black Melbian, Craneberry, Coral Gem 
Boucjuet, Groiuid Kest figg. Golden 
Dawn, Kaleidoscope, Long Yellow, Long 
Red Cayenne, New County Fair, New 
Dwarf Early Red Squash, New Celestial, 

36 



Sweet Alounlaiu, lied Chili (Burpee), Red 
Chili (Vi(^k), Red Cluster (Burpee), 
AVriukled Mi.xed. 

Pe.vs. 
Shipments made June 20. July .3. 7. 13, 19. 
^Vmeriean AVonder, Alaska. Bliss Abun- 
dance, Bliss Evcrbciiring, Burpee's Best 
E.xtra Early, Buipee's Perfection, Burpee's 
Quality. Burpee's Quantit\-, Black Eyed 
Marrowfat, Burpee's Profusion, Champion 
of England, Carter's First Crop, Carter's 
Premium Gem, Carter's Teleplioue (Vick), 
Carter's Telephone (Thorburn), Calven- 
well's Telegraph, Daniels' Duke of Albany, 
Dwarf Sugar, Dwarf Gray Sugar, Daniels' 
Matchle.ss Marrow, Dwarf Blue Imperial, 
Daniels' Earlv Kent. Extra Earlv Premium 
Gem, First and Best (A'ick), "First and 
Best (Daniels), First and Best (Burpee), 
Gem of the Season. Heroine, Ilorsford's 
Mark<t. Improved D.miel O'Rourke, Jun- 
ior, Juno, Laxton's Earliest of All. Lax- 
ton's Alpha, Lye's Favorite, Laxton's 
Evolution, ^McLean's Little Gem, McLean's 
Blue Peter, McLean's Advancer, Ne Plus 
Ultra, Pride of the Market, Philadelphia 
Extra Early (Burpee), Philadelphia Extra 
Early (A'ick), Prince of AVales, Royal 
Dwarf White Alarrowfat, Stratagem, 
Shropshire. Hero, Tom Thumb (Burpee), 
Tom Thumb (Viek), Telephone, The 
Daniels, Tall Sugar, A'ick's Extra Early, 
A'ick's King of Uwarf, A'ick's Charmer, 
AVhite Alarrowf;.t, A'orkshire Hero. 

Radishes. 

Shipments made June lo, Julv 3, Septem- 
ber 4, 12, 28, October o, IL 
Bartlid's Glass, Burpee's Surprise, Bur- 
pee's Earliest. Becket's Charities, Burpee's 
Earliest (Scarlet Button), Chartier, Char- 
tier or Shepherd, Chinese Rose AVinter, 
Chinese Rose AVinter (Burpee), Chinese 
Rose AVinter (A'ick), California Mammoth 
AVhite AVinter, Dark Red Ball, Earliest 
Carmine Olive Shaped, Early Long 
Scarlet Short Top, ICarly Round Dark 
Red, Extra Early Scarlet Turnip, Eaily 
Yellow Ball. Eariv Round Dark Keil 

! (Burpee), Early Round Dark Red (A'ick), 
Early Oral Da"rk Red, French Breakfast, 

' Golden Dresden, Giant AVhite Stuttgart, 
Golden Yellow Summer Turnip, Giant 
AA'hite Stuttg.irt Summei', Half Long Deep 
Scarlet. Long AVhite A'icnna, Lady Fin- 
ger, Long Cardinal, Long Scarlet Short 
Top, Long AVhite Naples, Large AVhite 
Globe, Long AVhite A'ienna (Burpee), 
Long Black Spanish. Long AVhite A'ienna 
(A'ick), Long White Naples (Burpee), 
Long White Naples (A^ek). Long AVhite 
Spanish AVinter, Long Cardinal Bur])ee, 
Philadelphia AVhite "Box." Rose Olive 
Shaped, Scarlet Turnip White Top (Bur- 



2S-2 



1n"ew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



pee), Scarlet Globe, Scarlet Turnii) White 
Top, Scarlet Turnip, Scarlet Olive 
Shaped White Top, Scarlet Olive Shaped, 
Scarlet Turnip (Vick), Scarlet Olive 
Shaped (Burpee), Scarlet Olive Shaped 
(Vick), Scarlet Turnip White Top (Vick), 
Violet Olive Sliaped, Violet Olive Shaped 
Tip, Violet Olive Shaped White Tip, 
Vick's Early Scarlet Globe, Violet Turnip 
White Top, White Turnip, White Stras- 
burg. Wood's Early Frame, White Sum- 
mer Turnip, White" Olive Shaped, White 
Tipped Scarlet Ball, Wood's Early Frame 
(Vick), Wood's Early Frame (Burpee), 
White Chinese, Yellow Turnip, Yellow 
Turnip (Burpee), Yellow Turnip (Vick). 

Salsify. 

Shipment, made August 18. 
Mammoth Sandwich Island, Vick's All 
Season. 

Squash. 

Shipments made Augu.st 1, 11, 14, 18, 
September 4, October 4, 28, 1893. 
Boston Marrow, Brazilian Sugar, But- 
man, Der Wing, Barley White Scallop 
Bush, Early Yellow Bush Scallop, Early 
Hybrid, Essex Hybrid, Fordhook, 
Golden Summer Crook Neck, Henderson's 
Delicata, Hubbard, Improved Cocayelle 
Bush, Mammoth Yellow Bush, Mammoth 
Chili, New Mammoth White Scallop 
Bush, New Eureka, Perfect Gem Winter 
Crookneck, Pike's Peak, Strickler Sum- 
mer Scxuash, Small Cocoanut, Warren. 

Turnips. 
Shipments made October 5 and 11. 
Early AVhite Strap Leaf, Golden Bell, 
Long White or Cow Horn, Red Top 
Strap Leaf, Yellow Globe, White Egg. 

Okra. 

Shipments made August 9, 31, 23, 30, 
September 7. 
Dwarf Demsity, White Velvet. 



Busn Lima Beans. 

Shipments made August 14, 23. 
Burpee's Bush Lima, Henderson's Bush 
Lima, Jackson's Wonder, Ivurmerle 
" Dwarf Lima," Thorburn's Dwarf Lima. 

Tomatoes. 

Shipments m.ade August 3, 11, 14, 18, 21 
and 23, September 1 and 8, 1893. 
Acme, Atlantic Prize, Aristocrat 
Dwarf, Bond's Early Jlinnesota, Burpee 
Climax, Chemin, Conqueror, Dwarf 
Champion, Early Optimus, Earlj' Michi- 
gan, Extra Advance, Early May- 
flower, Early Advance (Extra), Essex 
Early Hybrid, Essex Michigan, Golden 
Trophy, Golden Queen, Hatliaway's Ex- 
celsior, Horsford's Prelude, Ignotun, Ig- 
notun (Burpee), Ignotun (E. J. Hull), 
Livingston's Golden Ball, Livingston's 
Beauty, Livingston's Perfection, Living- 
ston's New Favorite, Long Keeper, Lemon 
Blush, Lorillard, Large Yellow, Living- 
ston's Large Rose Blush, Livingston's 
Large Rose Peach, Livingston's Buckeye 
State, McCullum's Hybrid, INIatchless, 
Vaughan's Earliest of All, Mikado, Yel- 
low Plum Shaped, New White Apple, 
Yellow Pear Shaped, Nichols, New Cur- 
rant, Potato Leaf, Peach, Paragon, Pon- 
derosa. Red Cherry, Red Pear Shaped, 
Royal Red, Strawberry, Stone, Scoville's 
Hybrid, Small Round Yellow, Turner's 
Hybrid, Thorburn's Long Keeper, Tuck- 
er's Favorite, The Cardinal, Trophy, 
Terra Cotta, Volunteer. 

Nuts on Exhibition. 

May 1, 1893. 
Chestnuts, three varieties; Shellbarks, 
six varieties; Butternuts, one variety; 
English Walnuts (Madeira), one variety; 
Bhick Walnuts, three varieties; Filberts, 
one variety. 

TRACY, E. D. C, GHENT. 

Onions. 
Red, Yellow. 



CANNED FEUITS EXHIBIT. 



GORDON & DILWORTH. 
Preserved Fruits, Tvsbnty-two Vari- 

ETIEST 

Apricots, Blackberries, Canton Ginger, 
Crabapples, Cranberi'y Sauce, Damson's, 
Green Gages, Gooseberries, Limes, Pine- 
apple i\Iarmalade, Peach Marmalade, 
Pears, Peaches, Pineapples, Quinces, 
Raspberries, Red Cherries, Raspberry and 
Red Currants, Red Currants, Strawber- 
ries, Tomatoes, White Cherries. 



FiiEsn Fruits, Ten Varieties. 

Apricots, Crabapples, Egg Plums, 
Green Gages, Peaches, Pineapples, Pears, 
Quinces, Shredded Pineapple, Shredded 
Cocoanut. 

Brandy Fruits, Five Varieties. 

Cherries, Figs, Green Gages, Pears, 
Peaches. 




o 

X 

z 

uj 

UJ 

oL 
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z 



Eepoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 



283 



Sweet Pickled Fruits, Thkee Vaki- 

ETIES. 

Peaches, Pears, Plums. 

Caivesfoot Jelly, Five Varieties. 
1 Calvesfoot, Comae, Port, Rum, Sherry. 

Fruit Jellies, Twelve Vakieties, 
Apple. Bliickberiy, Black Currant, 
Crabapple, Grape, Lemon, Orauge, Pine- 
apple, Quince, Raspberry, Red Currant, 
Strawberry. 

Jelly, Two Varieties. 
Red Ourrant, Strawberry. ' 

Jams, Eighteen Varieties. 

Apricot, Bitter Orange Slarmalade. 
Blackberry, Black Currant, Crabapple, 
Cranberry, Damson, Gooseberry, Green 
Gage, Pear, Peach, Plum. Quince, Rasp- 
berry, Red Cherry, Raspberry and Red 
Currant, Tomato, White Cherry. 

Olives, Six Varieties. 
Berdales, Creslant, Jlammoth Queen, 
Monzauilla, Queen, Singualis. 

French Capers. 
Catsup, Mincemeat, Pickled Limes, 
Plum Pudding, Salad Dressing, Tomato 
Chutmey. 

Fruit Syrups, Three Varieties. 
Blackberry, Raspberiy, Strawberry. 

McCREADY, MRS. J. F., BUFFALO. 
Cherries (red, preserved). Cherries 
(white, preserved), Peaches (preserved), 
Peaches (brandy). Pickles (sweet, 
chopped). Pickles (Spanish), Pepper Mau- 
gols, Martynia. 



NEW YORK STATE EXHIBIT. 
Preserves, Twenty-three Varieties. 
Assorted Apples, Apple Butter, Apri- 
cots, Blackberries, Cherries, Cherries, 
(white). Cherries (red, preserved). Currants, 
Cranberry Sauce, Ci'abapples, Crabapples 
(preserved). Damsons (preserved), Huckle- 
berries, Peaches (preserved), Peaches 
(fresh). Peaches (brandy). Pears, Plums, 
Pineapples, Quinces, Raspberries, Straw- 
berries, Sweet Pickles. 

Fruit Juices. With and Without 

Sugar. 
Blackberry, Cherry, Currant (black), 
Currant (red). Grape, Lemon, Orange, 
Pineapple, Raspberry (black). Raspberry 
(red). Strawberry. 

Jellies. 

Apple, Assorted, Crabapple, Currant 
(black). Currant (red). Grape, Quince, 
Raspberry (black). Raspberry (red). 

Jams. 
Assorted, Blackbeny, Currant (black). 
Currant (red), Currant (red and raspberry, 
red). Peach, Plums, Quince, Raspberry 
(black), Raspberry (red). Strawberry. 

Vegetables. 

Asparagus. Beans (baked). Beans 
(string). Catsup, Corn, Cauliflower, Chili 
Sauce, Mustard, Peas, Pumpkin (stewed), 
Pumpkin (steamed), Pumpkin (Erie), Rhu- 
barb, Squash, Succotash, Tomatoes. 

Poultry. 
Chicken (boneless), Turkey (boneless). 
Mincemeat. 

Soups. 
Chicken, Consomme, Green Pea, Ju- 
lienne, iiulligatawney, Jlock Turtle,, 
jMacaroni, O.x Tail, Tomato, Vegetable, 
Vermicelli. 



FLORICULTURE. 



By JAMES DEAN, Bat Ridge, Supekintendbnt. 



In September, 1892, Mr. James Dean, of Bay Eidge, was appointed 
superintendeut of tbe State exhibit of floricidture. This, according to 
the exposition classiiication, was to be arranged under tbe following 
groups : 

Group 22 — Floriculture ; 

Group 2i — Seeds, seed raising, testing and distribution ; 

Group 25 — Arboi-iculture ; 

Groujj 26 — Appliances, methods, etc. 

It was only after much trouble and correspondence that space 
enougli was secured in which to niake a display worthy of tlie State. 
The next point to determine was from whom suitable exhibits could be 
obtained. After a short trial it was found that in order to meet with 
any degree of success, personal application was necessary. The super- 
intendent, tlierefore, waited on a number of wealthy patrons of flori- 
culture whom he knew to possess collections of special value. 
Considerable difficulty was experienced in inducing these gentlemen to 
lend collections which bad required many years and considerable 
expenditure of money to complete. They were under the impression 
that their valuable plants would be seriously damaged, if not irretriev- 
ably spoiled by transportation to and from Jackson Park. This objec- 
tion was overcome, but tlie responsibility was felt to be none tlie less a 
very grave one. In actual experience one of tlie greatest difficulties 
encountered was the moving of the large specimen plants to the fair. 
Many of the plants, M^eigbing ujiwards of a ton, liad to be bandied, to 
avoid injury, with the greatest care. Often the plants were obtained 
from localities where sufficient help could not be had in loading them 
on the cars. In many cases it was found necessary to put a plant 
upwards of lift}' feet high in a fortj'-foot car. The foliage and leaves 
had to be bent very carefully to prevent injuiy. Fortunately in the 
transportation of the plants to Chicago, not one M'as injured or a single 
pot liroken. 

In October, 1892, the superintendent selected four acres of ground 
in front of the Government, Electi'icity, Horticultural and Agricultural 
buildings, which he had carefully graded, prepared and sown with 
special lawn mixtures, for level and sloping lawns. As a seed test these 
lawns were a great success. In the springtime they were beautiiied by 
specially designec]-flower beds, which were kept in masses of bloom all 
dui'ing tbe fair. March and April were devoted to ship]ung the 
exhiljits, and toward the end of Ajjril there were over seven large car- 
loads of exhibits in place, ready for the opening. To New York 
belongs the honor of having her iioricultural display arranged in a 
most artistic manner and on a scale which eclipsed that of any other 
State or country on the opening day of the exposition. 



Eepoet on the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 285- 

NeAV York occupied almost one-half tlie space under the great 
dome of Horticultural Hall. The side facing the north was selected on 
account of its affording better opportunity for the growing and dis- 
playing of the exhibits. This covered an area of 15,000 square feet, 
which was divided into two sections. One of 7,000 square feet, situ- 
ated in the northeast section under the dome, was devoted to the special 
display of cut flowers and florists' supplies, made by the members of 
the New York Florist Club. The remaining S,(M)U square feet was 
designed in a half circle at the base of the great mound in the center 
of the dome space. Upon this were arranged the magniflcent si^ecimen 
palms and ornamental foliage plants. 

It wiis declared with much unanimity by the hoi'ticultural press that 
the State collection of palms and foliage plants, and the manner in 
which they were arranged, were the crowning feature of the floricul- 
tural department of the exposition. The idea was to give a j^ractical 
illustration of plant decorative art. The design was an ideal dell in 
the tropics. Fifty loads of sand and soil were arranged into miniature 
hills and dales, rising in the backgi'ound to a height of forty feet. 
Twelve loads of natural bark-covered tree trunks, from three to eight feet 
in height, were arranged in forest-like fashion. Upon these were placed 
fine specimen palms, the tubs being covered by natural bark to match 
that on the tree trunks. Fine palms and foliage plants were arranged 
in naturally disposed groups, while thousands of specimen ferns and 
beautiful mosses completely covered the ground. An irregular water- 
course about seventy -five feet long and from three to sixteen feet wide, 
was made and cemented. Along each side of this were arranged huge 
boulders of natural rock stone ; these rocks led to the center of the 
design, where the}' rose to a height of about twenty feet. Here a. 
fountain of water was made to gush forth, and descend in a natural 
cascade over the rough rocks, filling up the winding brook below, and 
forming a very effective and beautiful waterfall and forest-like stream. 
Huge rocks were placed at various positions on the high hillocks, 
among which were planted beautiful ferns and selaginellas. A wind- 
ing gravel walk crossed the stream, close to the waterfall, over a rustic 
bridge of wood and stone. On either side of this were planted rare 
ferns and vines that overhung the stream. This winding path, which 
was here and there baidced liy ferns and moss-covered rocks, sometimes 
leading over steps made of rocks, extended the full length of the design. 

Viewing the state exhibit from the outside or main walk, visitors 
were charmed with the very imposing effect of the splendid palms, 
which were the tallest at the exposition, and ranged from foi'ty to fifty 
feet in height. There were also majestic fan palms and sugar j^alms, 
forming avenues of graceful foliage. Here and there the arf;hing 
foliage of the Kentias and Arecas, with groups of Dracaenas and ferns 
beneath, formed lovely vistas through which could be seen the cascade 
with its splashing waters glittering in a casual ray, piercing the dense 
mass of foliage. Here and there, too, the eye caught a glimpse of the 
brilliant foliage of the Crotons, reflecting the combined hues of our 
spring and autumn woodland scenes. On entering the inner walk, 
whicii was contimially crowded with visitors, one was struck with tlie 



286 New Yoek at this World's Columbian Exposition. 

natural beauty of tlie scene. All the tropical countries of the world 
were beautifully represented by grand specimen palms and foliage 
plants that were grown from seed, and reared at great cost by the 
wealtliy citizens of New York State. Some of these plants had passed 
tlu'ough generations of New York families. Here were carniverous 
plants, fii'st discovered in the jungles of India ; bromeliaceous gems, 
found in tropical America ; lovely foliage queens from the crevices and 
summits of the Andes ; and fern trees, depicting in themselves pictures 
of the forests of far-off Australia. Here was a grand specimen of the 
Traveler's tree, whose parent grew on tlie desert lands of Madagascar. 
Near by was a gigantic banana tree with immense leaves, giving a 
massive and primeval forest tinge to the whole. O'erhanging vines of 
the bread-fruit plant met and formed arclies. Parasitic moss, peculiar 
aroids and cpijihytal orchids, indigenous to the toriid regions of the 
tropics, twisted tlieir curious shajies ronnd the trunks of trees or Imng 
in fantastic gai'lands from overhead. Date palms from Asia and 
Africa, cycads from Japan, graceful arecas from the Norfolk and 
Mauritius Islands, caryotas from Ceylon, with many others from differ- 
ent countries were arranged amongst the thousand .specimens used in 
these l)eautifnl groups of rare and ^•alnable plants which formed the 
princijjal plant exhibit of New York State. 

HoKTlCULTUEAL AkCIIITECTUEE. 

New York supplied almost all the exhibits of horticultural archi- 
tecture at the exposition, winning the greatest honors for novel, beauti- 
ful and practical designs, complete in every detail of improved methods 
of construction and tinisli. These exhibits were in three groups, con- 
sisting of nine specially designed greenhouses and conservatories, and 
were situated on lawns west of Ilorticultnral Hall. These lawns 
covered an area of 50,500 square feet, wliolly occupied by exhibits 
from New York of greenhouses, lawns, lawn tools and appliances, and 
beantifnl sub-tropical and ornate designs in bedding plants. Six of the 
greenhouses, fitted with com]:)leto heating apparatus, were filled with 
beautiful and costly collections of plants by New York State, assisted 
by the New York Florist Club. These plants while on exliibitioii 
received the same treatment as is usually given plants in both com- 
mercial and private establishments ; the most improved implements 
and garden appliances manufactured in New York State were enqjloyed 
in tlicir cultivation. One of the houses was a model rose house, such 
as is used by the commercial rose growers of New York. It was filled 
with four varieties of now roses, some of which were here shown for 
the first time. From June till Novcuiber these roses bore thousands 
of blooms, which all visitors Avere welcome to inspect. Another house 
during the montli^ of June and July was filled with a tine display of 
gloxinias, of which there were many hundred plants, most of them 
bearing from twenty-five to thirty-five flowers. These flowers were 
delicate cups of every imaginable hue and color. In August, Sep- 
tember and Octolier, tliese were replaced by a superb collection of 
tuberous I'ooted begonias that ■were greatly admired. During these 
months they were the oidy flowers under glass at the fair. They bore 







Q 
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oi 



Ivi'irour ON 'i-iiK l''i.oKi(:i!i.Ti:ni'; IVMiiinr. 'JS7 

niiiny tliousiuuls o( ricli jiiid (lidiciiti' tinted IiIchhus, in all cdlni-s, many 
of the Jlowers iiieasiirini; six inciu's in dianicler. 

Tlie central strnetniv was a larifi* palm luuise or e(inser\'atoi'y. ller(! 
were exhibited tlie nia.i;-nitie(Mit (villections ol' Orotons, li'iit by \\'iHiain 
.I>ayard Ciittini;' and the late .lay (Jould. The collin'tions consisted of a 
hundred s[)ec'iinen |)lantsin ovei'iil'ty varieties, and their beautil'iil folian'c 
condjiiiod every color known in plant life. In Ihe cenlei' ol' this con- 
servatory was a larjfo cenieiiled tank, sp<'cially made for our ra.r(^st 
aquatic phmts, tlie ]>rinci pal feature of which waslhc \' ict<iria licyia, 
th(> i^iant water lily of the Amazon I'iver, the oidy plant of its kind at 
the fair, llcrt^ was also a line specimen ol' Ourciaiidi'a i'V'uestraJis, the 
Lace I'lant of I\ra(lai;;asca,r -a beautiful aipiati<' product with ])(M'nliar 
foliajje, tinely divided, i-esend)lini!; lace. ( )vei'liani;'inj;- this tank were 
the gracefid vines of tlu^ liii'd tlowers, Ai'istoloc-liia, ()rnitho(^epliala and 
Aristolochia (Tildas, the latter bi'ai'ini^- many eiuirnious iiowers, shaped 
like a pelican. These, in addition to the numerous forus and jfracivFul 
vines, han^'ing from (he surroiindini;' benches, gaNc Ihe house a- pretty, 
tropical appearance. 

A portal)le n'reenhous(\ desigiuMl especially for amatiuirs' use, was 
tilled with a line collection of Rex r>ei;didas, compi'isint;' nuiny beaidiful 
seedlings never hefoi'e exhibited. A ciii'\cd i-oof greeidiouse was tilled 
with a choice collection of orchids and ferns, the latter occupying the 
benches, whil.' the former were suspeiu led from the roof and sides of 
the liouse. Still another house, (Unsigned foi' a villa conservatory, was 
tilled with palms and i'oliag(^ plants, flowering vines K'uding theii- charms 
in its I'oof decoration. Thes(! six houses were considered most, \'alu- 
ahle cilucational factors in tiii^ furtlu'rance and develo])nu'nt of hoi'li- 
cultural art. Tliey wei'C 0])eu to inspection by visitors, and the many 
thousand.s of j)eople who visited them daily served to show liow much 
tliey were a])iireciated. 

'JhllO ( )|,l)-l''ASUIo.N'l01t (lAKDKN. 

A little distance west of the greenhouse exhibit, occupying 2,.'')00 
square feet, was a model of an old-fashioned New York garden, 
which was a uni(jne feature in our exhibit. It was phinteil early in tlio 
S])ring of 1 SO.'!, and was a mass of bloom all during the fail-. In it 
was jiortrayed, as iu;arly as ])ossibl((, the beauties an<l pi'culiarities of 
one of those old gardens known on Manhattan Island many years ago. 
Many of the plants use(l in this model garden went brought I'lom the 
oldest gartlens in New York. Seldom, if cnci-, has there been such it 
collection of "old-time" flowers seen togetlier in so small a space. 
Lines of old-fashioned daisies marked the graveled walks ; in one 
corner grew ])atclies of thyiiK! and rosemary and lavc^ndar, in another 
glowecl the fragi'ant blossoms of old cabbage and moss roses. Mignon- 
ette and ])otmarigolds nestled togetlier; hollyhocks and foxglovi! reared 
their rival s|)ir(ts of many colored blossoms ov'im' tlict monkshood and 
snapdragons, as llicy were wont to do against the old cottage door. 
J'liloxes, larkspur and .lacob'.s laiMer were there too, with dusty mill- 
ers, .To.se])li's coat and heartsease. The brilliant glow of the zenias, the 
old fus(;]iias and geraniums, the ]iet unias, the verbenas, the sweet breath 



2SS NkW Y(II:K at 'I'lllO WdULo's (\)1,IIMH1AN K 



xi'usri'ioN. 



of lieliotroiies, ivuiinikMl inaiiy a gTiiv-luiirod visitor of otlicr days. 
Ooliiiubines and Cantei'bury J:Jells, too, wero there. Old Fleur-de-lis 
guarded by bayouet-like foliage laughed at the nodding lilies, the day 
lily, tiger lily, St. Bruno's lily, plantain lily and lily-ol'-the-valley. 
Swoot William, wall flowers, ])olyanf]iurs, primroses anil aui'ieulas all 
elu'rislu'd a('([ua,intanc'es of a floral })ast. '.riiero were sunflowers and 
[xippios and the sea |)iid<. Indian pinks anil old elo\'e earnations vied 
with eaeh other as of old. There were other old favorite garden 
flowers, sonic of them unknown to the present generation. This galaxy 
of every Inie and color of delicious sweetness, garlanded as it were by 
I'limbiug roses and golden lioueysuckles, by clematis and nasturtiums, 
made a, picture long to be rcmeml)ered by the hundreds of thousands 
who saw a,nd admired it. 

In Front of IIoKTicui.TiMiAr. IFali, — Aijuatio Fountain. 

New York made a fine display in front of Horticultural llall, occu- 
pying 5(>,(10() s(pia.re feet, or three-fourths of .the entire lawn space at 
that point. Directly in front of the main entrance Avas situated a large, 
ornamental, aquatic tank, in which was made the principal aquatic dis- 
play. Here we exhibited the finest collection of aipiatics ever brought 
together. They consisted of seventy-five distinct varieties, forty of 
which were nymplueas, indigenous to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, 
Japan, India, Mexico and tiie United States, but all of which were 
raised, climatized and inq)roved in New York. There Avere also siilen- 
did new varieties shown and beautiful specimens from New Yoi'k 
lakes. In the center grew beautiful groups of iielumbium with their 
superb flowers of white and dee]) I'ose, waving above tlie dense foliage. 
These were surrounded by nympluras, whose lovely fragrant flowers, 
ranging through every shade of ])ink, carmine and crimson, the softest 
blue to deepest pnrjile, sulphur and chrome yellow, bloomed day and 
niglit. 

A large lawn north and south of this was planted with a flue collec- 
tion of selected varieties of cannas, consisting of over 5,000 specimen 
jdants, arranged in circular, oval and rectangular Iwds, each containing 
loo i)lants of a distinct variety. Along the main walks and drives were 
]>la.nted twelve sjiecial designs with ornamental bedding plants of every 
description. These were surmounted by a shield of plants l)eai'ing the 
words "New York." This Avas the only example of floral decorations 
exhibited on the exposition grounds. It presented a nuignificent 
scene. The long beds of cannas bearing masses of the most brilliant 
colored flowers ranged the full length of JlorticulturaJ Hall (1,000 feet), 
forming a striking conti-a-st to tlie wliite buildings. The State had 
upwards of 40,000 plants in front of Tlorticuitural iTall, all of them 
brought from New Yxtrk specially for the occasion. 

(^N tub Wooded Island. 

]n the center of Wooded Island New Y'ork made the iinest display 
of ornamental trees, shrubs and lianly flowering ]ilants. Eighteen 
thousand square feet were planted with ornamental trees of every 



ItEl'OKT ON THE FlUKICULTUKE ExilIBIT. 289 

description and tlic rarest uf decidions flowering and cvei'green slirubs. 
Ten tliousand sc^uai'e feet were oeeupied liy eulleetions of lierbaceous 
and annual tiowering plants, among wliieli were super!) colleetions of 
lioUyhoeks, peonies, phlox and iris, the latter being of special merit. 
In the international rose garden New York held a jironunent ]iosition, 
covering an area of 2,500 square feet. On this were exhibited 1,000 
perpetual blooming tea rose bushes in fifty choice varieties which 
liloonied continually and profusely from early sunnncr to late in the 
autumn. In addition to this there was a disj)lay of many thousands of 
gladiola. In hardy azaleas and rhododendrons the State made a splen- 
did showing. A large tent covering 3,000 square feet was tilled with 
the rarest collections of these lovely flowers. On the south end of the 
islancl the New York Gaelic Society exhibited a large fac simile of the 
harp of Brian Boru, made of shamrocks imported from Ireland. 

Seeds, Implements, etc. 

In tlie north pavilion of Horticultural Hall seeds, garden implements 
and appliances were exhibited. Here New York's exhibits occupied 
a large area along the main aisle of the pavilion. Five hundred varie- 
ties of flower seeds were shown, with methods of cleaning, testing, pre- 
serving and shipping as ])racticed in the seed trade. Many new inven- 
tions in garden imj)lements were also installed here. 

In the gallery of Horticultural dome New York exhiljitors gave 
practical illustrations of greeidiouse construction, the latest improved 
methods (jf greenhouse heating and ventilating, designs for and methods 
of illustrating horticultural literature, architectural and landscape plans 
of New York public ])arks and famous gardens, display of floral photo- 
graphs illustrating floricultural art of the ])ast iifty years, and immor- 
telle designs, lettering and inscriptions as used by fl(jj'ists. Here, also, 
the State Museum exhiliited a reniarkal)le collection of the edible and 
poisonous fungi found in the State of New Y(jrk. On the ground 
floor east side of the dome the New York Florists' Club made its special 
display of florists' supplies, plant pots of every description, seed and 
fern pans, ferneries, jardinieres, cut flower vases, fancy flower baskets, 
florists' wire designs, seeds, garden hose, plant and flower sprinklers, 
])hotographs, and the h<n'ticultural newsjJapers and magazines published 
in Xew York State. \ 

In the dome, facingthe ])alin exhibit of the State, was shown amodel 
of the United States Capitol, twenty-eight feet by twelve feet, made 
of Cape -flowers. Every detail of the great building was faithfully 
portrayed. It atti-acted more jjublic attention than any other exhibit 
in the Horticultural Building. 

By a system of cold storage used by connnercial growers for the 
preservation of lily-of-the-valley during the sununer months, the super- 
intendent was enabled to make a continuous display of these lovely 
flowers during July and August. The pips, being sent fnjm ice- 
houses in New Yoi'k, were placed in boxes of sand, and foi'ced into 
bloom here, and were then placed on exhibition in the Horticultural 
dome. Over 7,500 plants of lily-of-the-valley were bloomed and 
exhibited in thi-s manner. The New York Florists' Club was the only 

37 



290 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

organized society in the State that made any attempt to assist in the 
work. As an organization it urged on its meml)ers the necessity of 
taking an active pai't in sending exliibits to tlie fair. As a result they 
contribnted many of tlie finest exliibits in the depai'tnient. They also 
had the lionor of rendering it possible to say that New York made the 
only constant display of cut flowers at tlie exposition. The magniflcent 
showing of cut flowers made on both New York State and Manhattan 
days were a great feature on those festive occasions. For the latter 
day a special car was hired for the purpose of conveying the 200 large 
boxes, containing many thousands of choice blooms, to the fair, whei'e 
they were exhibited in Horticultural Hall. In the evening they were 
taken to the State building, and given as souvenirs to visitors. It has 
been freely and generally acknowledged that New York State did the 
most at the exposition to uphold the standard of American floriculture. 
Scarcely a week passed without its offering some special feature in 
floral display. In May the State exiiibited thousands of lilies, orchids 
and fine specimen azalea indica. In June it showed countless roses, 

floxiuias, rhododendrons, liardy azaleas and other flowering shrubs ; in 
uly, iris, cannas, hollyhocks, tuberous rooted begonias, and countless 
varieties of herbaceous and annual flowering plants ; in August, 
aquatic flowers, lily-of-the-valley, roses, cannas, begonias and bedding 
plants ; in September, gladiola, lilies, cannas, rare exotic flowers, anci 
autumnal flowering shrubs ; and in October, roses, clirysanthemums, 
carnations and a general collection of exotic flowers. During many 
of these months New York's displays were the only ones of their kind 
at the fair. 

Tlie State floricultural exliibits covered an area of six and three- 
fourths acres. These were divided among four groups, which repre- 
sented tliirty-nine classes. The State made very creditable entries in 
twenty-six of these classes, winning awards in tliem all. New York 
took in all eighty -two medals and diplomas, this being almost as many 
as were awarded to the rest of the u nited States in the same classes. 

Tlieofticial grouping and classifleation, showing the number of awards 
given in each class, will be found in detail elsewhere. 




a 
z 

o 

s 

< 

o 
a 



CATALO(iUE OF NEW YOI!K KXIIIIUTS IN DEPART- 
MENT B, IIOUTICI'ETUKE. 

C O L 1. 1<: C 'r I Y K K X 1 1 I 1 : 1 '1' . 
(ii:()ii' 22. — Fi.oiiiciTi.TUUK. 



ABENDK'o'l'll P.KOS., MOW VoKK 
CITY. 

( )riiimiciil;il jiMnlcii Viisfs luul fomil- 
aiiis. riiiisisliiij;- (if Iwunl y-livt' spociiilly 
designed spcciiiu'iis. 

ALLEN, ('. II., FL015AL I'AHK, L, I 
Cil:ulinlii l)l()onis, consisliiijj of 1,000 
sclrclcd spiUcs (if lilcioTiis ill fifty clioicL' 
v.ii'ii'l.ics, \\ liicli were placi'd cm cxhiliilidii 
ill the Mc.'w York scclioii of llm ilorti- 
cullural (loiiie during tlie wofk of the 
Woi-ld's lloi'ticullunil Congress, August 
18, IWCJ. 

ASMUS, ERNST. 

('onviill;iriii Miij;ills (Lily of llic Viillcy), 
coiiiprisiiij; seven tliousund live Inindred 
{7, '){]!)} |iliiiits, wliicli were nil in bloom 
and exlilliited in Hie New York seclicni of 
the llorliciiltur^il dome during Hie months 
of July iind August, 18'j:i. 

Nnw Roses. 

!M;idame Caroline Testout, new rose, 
consisting of fifty line plants. 

Kiuserin Augusta Victoria, new rose, 
consisting of fifty plants, liotli of whieli 
were grown and exliibited in tliesi)eeinl 
rose house, erected liy I hi' -f.ord & 
Burnham Co. 

Cut. flowers, sent for .Maiihalt.an day. 

Cut roses, in the following varieties: 
1.50 .Madanu^ Caroline 'I'cstout, 'JllO .Madame 
Hoste, 200 La Fr.ance. 200 .Meteors, 20(1 
Bride's :\Iaid, 200 I'erle des .lardins, 100 
Mailanicdc\Vatteville,2l)0jMadameCusin. 

AS.MIS, KUDol.l'll. 

Cut flowers: 100 Catherine .Meniiel 
roses, 100 .Madame Cusiii roses, 101) liride 
roses. 

BLi K, .Mus. K., ]'()r(;iiKi;i;psiE. 

1 ])racaeiia Knerkiana, iw feel high. 

BENNETT, fJEOKOE, FI,.\TI5CSir, 
L. L 

1011 ]ilants of .Vdiantum Cuiicalum in 
6-inch pots; 1 Cyeas l{evolul;i. 10 feet, 
high: 1 Ooinoplili'liinm Snlianrieiiliil um, 
4 feet iliamcti-r: 2.) plants Caleeolan;i ily- 
brida Grundillora. 



l!i:R(ii\LVNN, G., ELATIUJSn. 

2 l.atania Borboiiiea, 4 feet high; 1 
Keiilia Helmoriana ; 10 Ailiaiitum de- 
corum; 10 I'leris ;\rgyrea; iO I'li'ris No- 
bilis; 10 Nephrolepis titbero.sa; 10 Aside- 
nium biroriiK!; 12 Ampelopsis Veitchii; 
12 Iledcia Helix; 'Z') plants of Selaginella 
Jyyi'opodinm denticnlata. Cut flowers 
sent, for Alaiiliattan day: .")00 chry.santhu- 
muni blooms in ten varieties. 



HKOWN. Wll.LIA.M. FL.Vl'lU'Sir. 

1 Fandamis Veitc^hii, o feet high; 1 V:\n- 
danus Yeitcliii, 4 feet high; 1 Draeaenn, 
Voungii, (i fei t high; 1 Nephi'olcpis 
Davalloides furcans, (i feet diameter; ' 
Davallia Fijcensis, 4 feet diameter, 1 
.\diant iiiii 'I'rapi'/.i forme Cuni'at uin, 4 feet 
diamelcr; f Croloii .\ndre!iiiiiii;, feet 
high; 2 C rot on Interrupt UMi, (i feet high; 
1 Coiniite de (ierinariy, li feet high; 3 
Maranta Z(4irina, 4 feet dianii'ler; 1 An- 
thurinm Grande; 1 Areca JjUlescens, M 
feel high. 



BRUNSWICK LlTIIOGRAFir CO., 
ROCilESTEK. 

Litliograj)!! plates of llowers and fruits, 
as u.sed in horticultural catalogues and 
magazines. 

BURNS A; RAYNoR, MESSRS., NEW 
YORK CITY. 

('ut flowers sent for jMaiihattan <lay : 
."lOn rose blooms in ten varieties; .'iOO chrys- 
aiiilieiijiini lilncpiMs in twelve varieties, 

Cll.\lii;ni;,V & COLDWELL jMFO. 
( ()., NEWBUROil, 

L.vw.N .Mowichh. 

Display of .i;!ma(4iiries in the following 
varieties: The New ,Mod(4 Low-wheel 
liawn .Mower, The New .Modi4 lligh- 
wlie(4 liawn Mower, The Hival Low- 
wlieil Lawn .Mower, The Rival High- 
wheel Lawn .Mower, The; " (). K." Lawn 
.Mower, The Exc(4sior Roller Lawn 
Mower, New E.xcelsior Horse- Lawn 
Mower. 



2y-i 



JNiow VoKic AT 'riiK Wkki.d's C- 



OMIMUIAN Exi'OSn'ION 



CiriLDS, .lOIIN LKWIS, KI.OKAI. 
I'AKK, L. 1. 

OliuliohiM Chiklsii, <'(msisUiig of i.OUO 
l)ullis which were ]iliuil.c(l in Uio roso 
gardi'ii (111 llic VVoiiilcil Isliiiul, iiiui were 
in bliHiiii iluriii,;;- Aiij;'iist iiiici Sc|ilriiilici'. 
IHlKi. Iris K;u'iii|ir( ri in iiiipidvcd luiii 
clioii'o vuricUcs, I'onsisl.inj;' o!' fiOll clninps, 
wliirli wcni iilaiilcd in n. (•(inspicuoiis 
posiliim ill llu! ccnU'i' ol' llic Wdnilcd 
Islinid iiiid rdi'iiicd 11 muss ol' cxiiuisiU' 
coloi'nd llowors during I,1k' inoiil.li iil' .luly, 
18i);i. 

CIIHISTKNSEN, C. ¥., lUIFFAl.O. 

10 liiingin,!;' basUi't.s lilli'd wiih vines 
iind llowcring plinils; 2 vcninda hoxi'S 
lillcd wil,li (irniinii'ntnl iind llowcring 
plunls and viiK'S. 

CLAKK. DAVID, & SON, NliW YORK 
CITY. 

3 Dracaena Indivisia. C feet high; I 
Pluenix ruiiicola, 5 feel; liigli; 1 Arccn 
VcrschalTclUi, feet high ; I CyalUea 
Smitliii, 5 I'eet. liigh; 1 i'andanns" Veit- 
chii, 5 I'oet liigili. 

COLDWEI.lL LAWN MOWLU t!()., 
NKWIUIUill. 

Lawn iMowkhs. 

Now York Lawn Mower; Standard 
Lawn Mower; Imjierial Lawn Mower, 
high and low wheel; llorso Lawu Mower. 

CUTTINO, WM, UAYAHD, 

OAKDALE, 

Tai,ms and C}t(>'r(ms. 

3 Vlueiiix Heclinala, 10 I'eet high, 1,T 

feel spread; 3 Liiliuiia liorbonica, 8 reel. 

high, I'l feet spread; I (.'nrciiligo recur- 

Viita, feet diameter; I I'liilodendron 

pertusum, 10 I'eet long; I Cmton Inter- 

riiptum, Tfeethigh; I Cvoton Andreanum, 

8 feel, high; 1 Croton Nobilis, (I feet high; 

1 Croton (.Jueeii N'ieloria, 8 feel high; I 

Croton 1'"a iinsinnuin, 8 feet high; I Croton 

lIUisI us, (i I'cct high; 1 Crolon Mooreanuni, 

7 feet high; I Croton Conipte de (lerinanv, 
(i feel liigh; 1 Croton Charlotle Kollischird, 

8 feet high; I Croton Disrai'li, 8 feet high, 

DAACIIK, II. A., NEW YORK CITY, 

Pansiks, *-~ 

300 plant:! of each of the following va- 
rieties; Uuperiid Mght Blue, Emperor 
William, rcaeock. Azure Blue, Lord Bea- 
conslicld, Marginila Aurea, Silver-edged, 
White, A'iolet-'cdged, Eaiist, Violet, '^'el- 
low, Pelagoniuni llowered. Auricula How- 
ered, Wall Mower colored, Sli'iped, Gold 
bron/e, liose l,il;ic. K a Hie Scarlet, Triuiar- 



deaii Bl;u'k, White Imiieriiil, Mixed Im- 
perial, Black Imperial. 

DAILLEDOUZE BROS., FLATBUSH. 

(hit flowers sent for Manhattan day: 
Chrvsanlhcinuiu blooms (500 speeiinens), 
in ten varieties. 

DAKDS, CHARLES A., NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Palms and Fo.iyiAOK Pi.,ANTS. 
2 Arauearia e.xeelsa, 4 feet high; 10 
.Araucaria excclsa coinpacta, ii feet high; 
2 Keiita lielnioriana, "i Icet high; 2 Kenia 
Korsteriana, -1 feet liigli; 2 Areca Hauerii, 
(i feet high; 1 Lalania Borlioniea, H feet 
high; 12 Adiantum cuiiealinu. 

DEAN, DAVID, ASTORIA. 
Cut Mowers sent for ^Jhinhaltan day: 
1,000 carnation blooms in ten varieties. 

DEAN, JAMES, BAY RIDGE. 

One specimen each of the following va- 
rieties of A/.alea Indiea: Dcnlselie Perle, 
liaronne de Yriere. Baron Killich van 
Horn, Bignoniae Mora ideiio, Comte do 
Chainliord, Comle.ssc de Flandre, Con- 
cordia, l)a\id Milne, De.sdemona, Duchess 
Adcluitle de Na^ss.•lu, tiuslave Gnilniot, 
Herman Seidcl, .lean \'erscliaM'eh, Louiso 
I'yiiacrt, Le Klanibenu, .Mad. L. Van 
lloulli', l\Ieinoire de l.ouis Van llontte, 
Oswald d(^ Kerchorc, Prinews Charlolle, 
Souvenir de .Francois N'crviu'iie, A'esuri- 
uiis, A. Horsig, A])ollo, Bernard Andre, 
Bernard Andre .Mba, Ceres, I'higcnio 
de Kerkhove, Kin)ienn' of J,U'a/.il, llcr- 
monie, .losc]ih Vi'rvaene, i\Iad. jMario 
Planchon, Madame De Grevc, Madanio 
van der Cruy.ssen, I'unclulata, Raiihael, 
Queen of Whites, Sigisminid Rucker, 
Versicolor, Sovir de Prine<> Albert, Em- 
press of India, Alba sjieciosa plena, Alice, 
Amoena, Antigone, ;\polloii, Argils, l!a- 
ron Nathaniel von Rothscliild, Hanai Edo- 
uard Ovy , Beauty Suprenu', Caiididissima, 
('has. Darwin, Cli. Eneke, Cocordo 
drange. Daphne, Dislinclion, Dr. Licliig, 
Duchess lie Flanders, Eli.se Licber, Flag 
of Truce, Gloire de Bclgigue, (iross- 
furstin Ilelene, lliirle(|uin, llerniine, Iler- 
luosa, Imperalrice dcs liides, .joliii (ionld 
Veitch, John Pope. 

FmiNs, 

.""lOO AdiiinUiiu C\ineatuin, 100 Ailiantuin 
Decorum, 100 Davalliabullala, 50 Nephro- 
Icpis lulH'i'osa, 35 Pleris Umbrosa, 35 As- 
pleninm biforme, 35 .Vdiantum telraplivl- 
iiiin, 200 Pteris llastata, 35 Ple'iis 
Argyraea, 10 l^avallia. Plalyphilla, 10 
Oyn'ogramma Chrysophalln, 10 Aspidium 



Eepokt ox the Fl< 



)Ui<ri.Ti'KK Exiiii;i r 



293 



Effusuni, 25 Jlicrolopliia liirta crislatc, 10 
Davjillia tennit'oliii slricta, 25 Pteris JSo- 
bilis, 5U0 Pteris Serulata cristata deusa, 
25 Polysticlium Angulare prolifera, 10 
Onycliiuin .Taponicum, 20 Pteris Tremula, 
10 Adiantuiii pubcrscens, 10 Dieksoiiia 
Antaretica. 10 lileelimun fraxiiieum, 10 
Davallia Fijciisis, 10 Goiiidplilelnuin Sti- 
baiiriculutuiu, HO Xeplirolepis davalluidcs 
fureans, 10 Lvirodium Japdniciini, 500 
Pteiis Crctica alba liiicata. 50 Pdlvsticlmm 
proliferuin, 50 Neplirolcpis furcans, 500 
Pteris Scrulata Cristata. 10 G_viiimin:ran\iue 
Schizopliylla. 10 Keplirodiiim :Molle, 500 
Selaginelia Dentieulata, 100 fSclairinella 
Lagenana, 100 Selagiiiella Dentieulata 
aurea, 50 Selagiuella" Serpens. 25 Sela- 
ginella Ca'sia Arborea, 10 Selaginella 
Martensus Variegala. 

C'rotoxs. 
1 Veiteliii. 1 Elegantissima, 1 Yiridis, 
1 Lineori, 1 Deeorus, 1 Irregularis, 1 
Hawkerii, 1 Fordii. 

Cannas. 

1.000 seedling plants from Canna. 
Madame C'rozy. 

OiiXAMiiXTAL, Foliage Plants, ]:tc. 

1 Pandanus Utilis, 8 feet higli, 25 
Pandaiius Utilis. 25 Pandanus Veiteliii, 12 
Arauearia Exeelsa, 6 Araui:aria Exeelsa 
Compaeta. 25 Pillea iluscosa. 25 Grevillin 
Robusta. loFieus Elastiea. 1 Anlluirium 
Andreanum, 1 Antlmrium Wartume- 
auum. 1 Dieffeiibaeliia Bausei, 1 Peper- 
omia JIaculata. 1 Aiali;i Sieboldi. 1 Aralia 
Sieboldi Variegata, 1 Aralia Sieboldi 
Veitehii. 

Lauris XubiUs. 

Palms. 

12 Areca Luteseens, fi-om 4 to 18 feet 
high; 25 Latania Borboniea. from 2 to 
12 feet S]iread; 6 Rbajiis flaliellitVirmis. 
from 3 to 5 feet bigli; 25 Kentia Belmori- 
ana, from 3 to T feet lugb; 1 Tlirinax Ele- 
gans, 6 feet spread; 1 Pritchardia Paeitiea, 
8 feet sjjread; 1 Priteliardia Maeroearjia, 
feet spread; 3 Plia-nix Canariensis, 5 feet 
high; 2 Pb(enix nipieola. 5 feet high; 4 
PlKeiiix reeliiiela. G feetsjiread; 2 Plueiiix 
Daclylifera. 5 feet hiu'l]; 1 Plio-iiix Sylves- 
tres, 4 feet high; 1 Ph<eiiix Seuegaleusis, 3 
feet high; 2 Pluenix Zolaiiii, 4 feet high; 
1 Sabal Adamsonii. 5 feet high; 1 Chani- 
aerops Exeelsa, 4 feet high; 4 Areea Baii- 
cri, from G to 10 feet high; 1 Corypha 
Australi.s, (5 feet spreatl; 3 Areea Verscliaf- 
fellii. 5 feet high; G Coeos Weihhfliana, 3 
feet high; 1 Cyeus revoluta, 4 feet high: 1 
Braliea filifiia. feet spread; 1 Braliea 
glauea, 4 feet high; 2 Cocos Auslralis, 8 



feet high; 1 Corypha Maeroearjia, 5 feet 
high; 2 Areea sapida, G feet high. 

Hiix Begonias. 

Speeimens of the following varieties: 
Olba, Uiike of Veragua, Edward Ken- 
nedy, Julia .Marlowe, Silver Fleeee. Inimi- 
table, Countess Louise Erdody. E. (;. Hill, 
Francois Cuillot. Elegans, Isabella Bcllou, 
Sterling, Claudius, Hiehai'd Wagner, The 
Infante, -Mrs. B;irron, .Madame Jjui/.et, 
Madame Lieboecj, Desfontaines, King 
Charles, 3Iarciuis Peralta, Louis ('hretien, 
Wyonnng. Greyhound, Madame^ 'I'reyne, 
Lady SUule, Robert George, Van I)er Mil- 
ler, Indiana, Ann.a Dorni/r, Xiekel Plate, 
Mad.ame Schmidt, Greenback, "Walter 
Lamb, Flora Hill. Sieboldi. Simderbruc- 
tini, 'Whittier, Nancy Hanks, Elsie Coles, 
Madame .Montel, Mrs. Shepard, Ruth 
Freedley, Ville de Neuilly, Ferdinand de 
Lesseps, President Carnot, Elegant, Annie 
Pynaert. Jlrs. E. W. Scripps. I?oi Fer- 
nando Jhijor. Minnie Palmer. Alice White, 
Bertha JleGregor, Diadem, Mrs. E. Bon- 
ner, Abbie Mendenlmll, Souvenir de Gau- 
1am, ]>;i Peyrouse, Louise Closson, Wil- 
liam Robinson. .John Hopper. Little Lucy, 
Septruni, Qundrieolor. Silver Threads, 
Walter Long, Richmond lieavity, jMonge. 

Roses. 

2 Perle des .lardins, Walxm. Comtesse 
de Laliarthe, Devouiensis, Etoile deLyon, 
Sombrenil, ileteor, J>a France, Antoine 
Verdier, Souvenir de la Malniaison. .Mad- 
ame L;unliard, Louis Philipiie, Hcnnosa, 
^Madame Philip Kunle/.. SoiivenirF. Pau- 
leire. .Madame Martha du Bourg, Grace 
Darling. Caniclia Raust. A. Sisley, Gen- 
eral Tartas, Madame Bo.saiKjuet, The 
Bride, Louis Richard. Mdse. Sisley. Mad- 
ame Blauchel, Catherine ilermcl, Clo- 
thilde Soujierl, Papa GouiUier. I-^abella 
Sprunt. JIadanie Cusin, -Madame Welch, 
Madame F. Schwartz. 

Duacaes.vs. 
1 Dracaena Rubra, 2 feet high; 1 Dra- 
caena Jjindcnii, 3 feet high; 1 Dracaena 
Amabilis, 2 feet high; 1 Dracaena Coo- 
perii, 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dractu-na Termi- 
nalis, 5 feet high; 1 Dracaena Australis 
lineata, 3 feet Ingb; 1 Dracaena SIricta 
Grandis, 3 feet high; 1 Draiacna I'erk- 
leyii, 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dracaen.a Vonngii, 
4 feel high; 1 Dracaena Fragrans, 6 feel 
high; 1 Dracaena Lindenii Aurea. 6 feet 
high; 1 Dracaena Bajilisli. 2 feel high; 1 
Dracaena Br.izilicnsis. 3 feet high; 1 Dia- 
eaena Canticlli. 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dra- 
caena Draco. 4 feet high; 1 Dracacn.'i Fer- 
rea, 2 1 2 f(-ethigh; 1 Dracaena llendcr- 
sonii, 3 feet high; 1 Dracaena lniperi,nlis, 
1 2 feet high. 



294 



IIew Yokk at TiiK Woklb's Columuian Exposition. 



DONLAN, EILEEN, BROOKLYN. 

Ancient L'ish harp design, fac simile of 
the Brian Born liiirp, made of the follow- 
ing named plants: 500 shamrock (Floreat 
Ilibernica), brought from Glasgow Ceme- 
tery, Dublin, and Dowth C'astle, County 

L , Ireland, 500 Echeveria secunda, 

1,000 Echeveria secunda glauca, 310 
Echeveria agaroides, 300 Echeveria Meta- 
lica, 35 Agave Americana, 25 Agave 
Americana variegata, 50 Sempervivium 
intus lutens, 1,000 Alternanthera Paryon- 
choides Major, 500 Alternanthera Versi- 
color, 3,000 Alternanthera Aurea Nana, 
1,000 Altcruauthera Amoena. 

ELLWANGER & BARRY, MT. HOPE 

NURSERIES, ROCHESTER. 
Collection op Orn.^mental Trees, 

Shrubs, Roses and Herbaceous 

Plants. 

50 Samhucus Nigra, 35 Sambucus vari- 
egata aurea, 35 Sambucus variegata 
heterophylla, 13 Sambucus variegata 
l.iciniata. 13 Sambucus variegata pulveru- 
lenta, 13 Sambucus variegata, 35 Sambu- 
cus racemosa variegata plumosa, 13 Ber- 
beris Canadensis, 13 Berberis Fortuncii, 
13 Berberis illicifolia, 13 Berberis Thun- 
bergii, 25 Philadelphus coronatius, 13 
Philadelphus variegata flore pleno, 12 
Pbiladelphus variegata nanus, 13 Phila- 
delphus folia aureus, 13 Philadelphus 
gi'anditlorus, 12 Sj'ringa (Lilac) Persica, 
13 Syringa Persica alba, 13 Syringa vul 
garis, 13 Syringa caerulea superba, 13 
Syringa President Greve, 4 Syringa 
Siberica alba, 5 Syringa villosa, 4 Syringa 
Charles X, 3 Syringa Nana, 5 Sj'ringa 
Ville de Tropes, 3 Syringa gigantea,^5 
Syringa rothomagensis, 2 Acer crispum, 
2 Acer tripartitura, 3 Acer Morleii, 13 
Acer Sanguinea, 13 Acer dissectum atro- 
pur]nireum, 3 Cerasus Sieboldii alba 
pleno, 3 Pyrus mains coronaria odorata, 

2 Prunus m_yrobolana flore roseo pleno, (i 
Prunus Japonica flore alba pleno, 3 
Prunus Japonica flore rubro pleno, 3 
Amygdalus communis flore roseo pleno, 

3 Amygdalus communis stricta, 6 (Morus) 
AVeeping Russian Midberry, 6 Pagus 
]"uu'iitn-ca ri\'ersii, 6 Liriodendron panaclie, 
5 Diervilla (Wcigela) ^Monsieur Lemoine. 
5 Diervilla rosea, 5 Diervilla Nana folin 
variegata, 5 Diervilla P. Duchartse, 35 
Mahonia Aquifoliuni, 23^T3uxus semi^er- 
virens, 15 Rhododendron Catawbiense 
seedling, 3 Rhododendron Everestianum, 
3 Rhododendron Album, 3 Rhododendron 
Blandyanum, 3 Rhododendron Atrosan- 
guineiim, 3 Azalea Mollis yellow, 3 Azalea 
Mollis red, 3 Azalea Mollis liglit red, 3 
Azalea Mollis orange, 13 Azalea Ghent, 
13 Betula fastigiata, 13 Betula jiendula 
laciniala, 13 Ulmus stricta purpurea, 



Ulmus variegata argenta, 6 Tilia alba 
spcetnbile, 6 Tilia dasystyla, € Populus 
aurea Van Geertii. 6 Popidus fastigiata, 
6 Populus Bolleana, 6 Catalpa speciosa, 
6 Fraximus alba Argeutia jMargiuata, 6 
Fraximus aucubaefolia, 6 Sorbus querci- 
folia, 13 Salix Babylonica, 12 Salix Sie- 
boldii, 13 Salix Salamonii, 13 Salix 
caprearas pendula, 13 Phcllodendron 
Amurense, 25 Dentziacrcviata flore pleno, 
50 Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, 35 
Spiraea opulifolia aurea, 5.) Rose jMarshall 
P. Wilder, 13 Spiraea Van Houtii, 35 
S|iiraea Rotundifolia alba, 35 Fuuhia alba 
gvaiidiflora, 100 Anemone Japonica alba, 
100 Anemone Japonica rubra, 100 Holly- 
hocks mixed, 35 Delpliiniuni forniosum, 
25 Delphinium bi-color semi-plenum, 35 
Delphinium caelestinum, 100 Ilarpalium 
rigidum, 35 Hemerocallis flora, 50 Phlox 
amoena, 35 Phlox proemnbens, 35 Phlox 
subulata, .50 Phlox Andre Leroy, 50 
Phlox Alba, 50 Phlox Ciueen, 100 Paeonia 
mixed, 35 Erianthus Kavennae, 35 Eulaha 
Japonica Zebrina, 35 Eulalia Gracillima 
Univittata, 25 Eulalia Japonica. 

GOULD, JAY, IRVINGTON-ON-THB- 
HUDSON. 

Palms and Ounajiental Foliage 
Pl.ants. 

1 Seaforthia Elegans, 45 feet high; 2 
Areca Lntesceus, 15 and 20 feet high; 3 
Latania Borbonica, 15 feet high and 35 
feet spread; 1 Theophi-asta Im]5eri.ilis, 18 
feet high: 1 Ptyehosperma Alexandrae, 
30 feet" high; 1 Primasi Elegans, S feet 
hi'-h; 1 Primasi Elegans, 7 feet high; 1 
Pleetocoma Assamica, 50 feet higli; 3 
Areuga Bonuctti, 30 and 35 feet sju-ead; 
1 Paudanus Utilia, 10 feet high; 1 Pritch- 
ardia Pacifica, 8 feet high; 1 Pritchardia 
Maerocarpa, 7 feet high; 1 Pritchardia 
Aurea, 7 feet high. 

CUOTONS. 

One specimen of each of the following 
varieties; Charlotte Rotlisehild, Disraeli, 
Interruptum, Nobilis, Pietum, Queen Vic- 
toria. Variegatum, Evansianum, Illustus, 
Prince of Wales, Princess of "NVjdes, 
Jlaculatum Katoni Aurea, Mooreana, 
Jlajesticuiu, Undulatum, Veitehii, Wil- 
liamsii, Conipte de Germany, Elegantis- 
sima. Fortius, JIagnificum, Splendens, 
Harmouianum, IJismarkii, Picturatum, 
Duke of Bueeleuch, Mangoldii (new), 
McArthur, Helen Gould (new). Jay Gould 
(new). 

HEISSINGER, FRANK, NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Architectural landscape designs, em- 
bracing plans of New York public and 



Eepoet ox the Floricultuee Exhibit. 



295 



private parks aud famous Js'ew York 
gardens. 

HENDERSON, PETER, CO., NEW 
YORK (.ITY. 
Four acres of lawn as an exhibit of 
Henderson's "Lawn Grass Seed;" Gar- 
den implements and appliances: Lawn 
tools and appliances: Henderson's Lawn 
Jlower (4 blades), all sizes; Henderson's 
Lawn ilower (6 blades), all sizes; Lawn 
sprinklers, 8 different kinds; Pruning 
shears; Pruning and budding knives. 
Exhibit of seeds in ornamental and novel 
booth, made fac simile of warehouse, 35 
and 37 ["ortlandt street. New York city. 
500 varieties of flower seeds; seed pack- 
ages and utensils and appliances of seed 
trade; tennis sod mi.xture; lawn grass 
seed; dried flowers and bulbs. 

HoRTicri.TrK.\L Liter.\tx:re. 
Henderson's Handbook of Plants; Hen- 
derson's Gardening for Profit; Hender- 
son's Practical Floriculture; Henderson's 
Garden and Farm. 

C.^LADICltS. 

Six plants of each of the following va- 
rieties; Thelmanii, Chanterli, Refulgens 
Venosa, Madame Heine, Meyerbeer, 
"Weightii, Max Kalb, Princess Alexandra, 
Albert Edward, JIadanie De la Devan- 
saye, Due de ilorny, Bicolor Splendens, 
Baron de Mamore, Refulgens Rubra, 

P.VNSIES. 

The following were grown from seed in 
the seed testing department at the World's 
Fair — the plants were afterwards ex- 
hibited in their special classes. 

Two hundred specimens of each of the 
following varieties ; Trimardean, white, 
Violet and yellow. Brown and gold bronze, 
Gloriosa perfjcta quadricolor. Emperor 
William, Lord Beaconsfield, Little Red 
Riding Hood, Goldelse, Dr. Fau.st, Five 
spotted, Red, Yellow, White. Henderson's 
mixed. Marble dark. Rose lilac, Light 
blue, Striped lilac. Marble colored, Purple 
and yellow, . Black yellow eye. Snow 
white. Havana brown. Bronze, Dark blue, 
Jleteor. White edged. Purple white edged. 
Black, Red aud white. Black and violet. 
Dark purple, Fine dark mixed, Black 
shaded blue. 

PuiMCL.VS. 

One hundred plants of each of the fol- 
lowing varieties: Sinensis timbriata alba, 
Sinensis fimbriata rubra. Sinensis fimbriata 
coccinea, Sinensis fimbriata rubra flore 
plane, Sinensis fimbriata Kermesiua 
splendeus, Sinensis fimbriata eristata 



nana alba, Sinensis fimbriata stricta, 
j Sinensis fimbriata fllieifolia, Siueu- 
I sis timbriata punctata elegantissima. 
Sinensis fimbriata stricta flore pleno, 
Sinensis fimbi'iata alba magnifiea, 
Elatior polyanthus, Japonica, Veris, 
Macrocalyx, Obconica, Vulgaris, Rosea, 
Floribrinda, Cortusoides. 

Caknas. 

Fifty plants of each of the following 
varieties: iliss Sarah Hill, Madame Crozy, 
Admiral Courbet, Due de Montenard, D. 
J. Sisley, Nellie Borden. 

Aqvatit Plaxts. 

1 Nymphrea Sturtevanti, 1 Nymphaea 
Marliacea Chromatella, 1 Nymphtea Zanzi- 
barensis Azurea, 1 Nj'mphwa Zanzibaren- 
sis Rosea, 1 Nymphrea Odorat:i rosea, 1 
Nymphsea Alba Candidissima, 1 Nymphaea 
Devontensis, 6Eichhornia crassipes major, 
6 Richai-dia albo maculata. 

Bedding plants. 

C'lXERABIA. 

50 plants Cineraria hybrida grandiflora 
Kermesina, 50 plants Cineraria hybrida 
grandiflora pyramidalis, 50 plants Cine- 
raria hybrida grandiflora flore plena, 50 
plants Cineraria hybrida grandiflora. 

Ml&NOXETTE. 

200 plants Mignonette Red Giant, 200 
plants Mignonette Machet, '200 plants 
Mignonette Bird's Mammoth, 200 plants 
Mignonette Parsons' White, 200 plants 
Mignonette Golden Queen. 

Cycl.uiex. 
100 plants Cyclamen persicum, 100 
plants Cyclamen giganteum. 

Calceolakia. 

50 plants Calceolaria Hybrida grandi- 
flora nana. 50 plants Calceolaria Hybrida 
grandiflora, 50 plants Calceolaria Vesunus. 

Hollyhocks. 
Onehundred plantsiu selected varieties. 

HEWS, A. W.. i CO.. LONG ISLAND 
CITY. 
Several hundred fancy plant recep- 
tacles, jardinieres, plant pots, saucers, rus- 
tic hanging fern baskets and ornamental 
cut flow-er vases. 

HITCHINGS & CO., NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Horticultural architecture, modes of 
construction, appliances, etc.; conserva- 
tory or palm house, 50 feet b}- 37 feet; 



296 



I^EW YoEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



palm house oouslvuction, lu-aling, ven- 
tilating, benching, llooiing, etc.; green- 
house, suitable for general plant house, 
19 feet 3 inches by 84 feet; heating, ven- 
tilating, benoliing, flooring, etc.; green- 
house, suitable for general plant house, 
19 feet 3 inches by Si feet; healing, ven- 
tilating, benching, flooring, etc.; hot 
water boilers for hard or soft coal; saddle 
boilers for wood burnings; saddle boil- 
ers for hard or soft coal; conical boil- 
ers for hard or soft coal; base-burning 
water heaters for liard coal; hot water 
pipes and other appliances for greenhouse 
heating; ventilating apparatus for green- 
houses; glazing of greenhouse with curved 
01' straight glass; iron frames for green- 
house construction; cast iron gutters for 
greenliouse construction; greenhouse with 
cast iron gutters; drainage, tile bottom 
for greenhouse benches; iron frames for 
greenhouse benches; design for palm 
house. 

HOLT, EDWARD W., NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Garden rubber hose, six varieties in 
standard sizes ; gardener's rubber aprons. 

HORAN, ED., NEW YORK CITY. 

Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day; 
100 blooms of Rose Perle des Jardins; 
100 bloomsof Rose " Catherine Mermet; " 
100 blooms of Rose "The Bride;" 100 
blooms of Rose " La France;" lOOblooms 
of Rose "The Bridesmaid." Collection 
of 1,000 chrysanthemums in 25 varieties. 

JANSEN, EDWARD, NEW YORK 
CITY. 
Fancj'^ wicker basket vtises; one speci- 
men antique Venetian ivor}^ enameled 
wicker plant vase, y feet high; one original 
American blue and silver painted wicker 
plant vase, 6 feet high; one fancy hat 
basket plant, 8 feet higli; vase on easel; 
one Egyptian swan neck basket vase, 4 
feet high; one fancy shoe plant vase, 8 
feet high. 

JOOSTEN, C. H., NEW YORK CITY. 

Fostite and powder for the prevention 
of black rot and mildew on plants; pat- 
ent magazine bellows in two sizes, for the 
distribution of plant insect powder. 

KEITSCH, H., & SON, BUFFALO. 
6 Hydrangea otaksa. 

KELLER, JOHN M., BAY RIDGE. 

12 Pandanus Utilis, 2 and 3 feet high; 

12 Pandanus Veitchii, 2 and 3 feet liigli; 

13 Adiantum cuneatum, 12 Nephrolepis 
E.xaltata, 12 Pteris umbrosa, 12 Pteris 



Argyrea, 25 Pteris Serulata cristata 
densa, 12 Ouychium Japouicum, 12 Ly- 
godiuni Japonicum, 1 Dracaena Hybrida 
Stricta, 1 Dracaena Massangeana. 

KELSEY, FRED W., NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Rhododendroks. 
3 Roseum elegans, 3 Gloriosum, 6 
Aneen, 4 Madame Cawalbis, 3 Lady Staf- 
ford, 4 Cliornoides, 3 Princess Hortense, 
6 Mrs. John Waterer, 4 Everestianum, 4 
Charles Noble, 3 Album elegans, 6 Jolin 
Walter, 3 Michael Waterer, 3 Perspieium, 
4 Nero, 3 Queen, 6 Abaric, 4 Album Mul- 
tum, 4 Lady Cathart, 3 Minnie, 3 War- 
i-ior, 3 Helen Waterer, 2 Polopidas, 3 
Candidum, 2 Baron Waterer, 3 B. W. 
Creme, 3 Blasseum. 

Japan Maples. 
7 Acer atropurpureum dissectum, 5 
feet high; 6 Acer atropurpureum varie- 
gatuni, 13 to 18 feet high; 2 Acer atro- 
purpureum; 1 Acer sanguineum; 1 Acer 
atropurpureum dissectum variegatum, 4 
feet high; 2 Acer scolopendifolium rub- 
rum, 5 feet high; 3 Acer rosea Marginata, 
4 feet high; 2 Acer versicolor, 4 feet high; 
3 Acer pictum albus aureum, 4 feet high; 
2 Acer reticulatum, 3 feet high; 1 Acer 
various varieties grafted together. 

Ornamental Shrubs. 

Biota semper aurea. Biota elegantis- 
sima. Biota (jrientalis. Cupressus lansoni- 
ana, Cupressus nutkaensis, Juniperus 
Chinensis, Juniperus hibernica, Juniperus 
suecica, Retinispora plumosa, Retinispora 
argentea, Retinispora plumosa aurea. 
Standard retinispora plumosa aurea, 
Standard retinispora gracilis. Standard 
retinispora squarosa, Taxus baccata, 
Taxus erecta. Standard taxus Washing- 
tonii, grafted on taxus hibernica, Thuga 
aurea, Thuga pyramidalis, Buxus sem- 
perniens, Buxus argentea, Buxus aurea 
Juniperus japonica alba. Biota filifera, 
Retinispora obtusa nana, Standard varie- 
gated Hollies. 

KOFFMAN, E., WALDEN. 
Smilax, Myrsiphyllum asparagoides 
(350 specimens); 5J0 "strings of smilax for 
decorating purposes, sent for Manhattan 
day. 

KRICK, WILLIAM C, BROOKLYN. 

Patent florist's immortelle lettering and 
designs; florist's artistic lettering and 
designs suitable for all kinds of inscrip- 
tions, mottoes and emblems, as used in 
florists' trade; monogram, in colored im- 
mortelles, of the New York Florist Club. 



Kepokt ox the Flokioultuke Exhibit. 



297 



KRETSCHJIAR BROS., FLATBUSH. 
50 Adiautum cunratuui, 25 Pteris Has- 
tata, 25 Xeplirolcv''* Exaltata, 25 Davalliii 
bullata, 25 Davallia teuuitoiia stricta. 

LEWIS, P. C, MFG. CO., CATSKILL. 
Patjnt spray inimps; "The AVonder" 
brass machine spray pumps (three sizes), 
Avit'i Lewis' patent graduating nozzles, 
with automatic mixer for use iu spraying 
plants. 

LONG, DANIEL B., BUFFALO. 

Floral photographs ; one album of 75 
photographs of different uo\'el and artistic 
floral dasigns ; one album of 50 photo- 
graphs showing the best modern iilcas of 
American floral decorations; one album 
of 75 photographs showing novel and 
artistic arrangements in floral baskets and 
bouquets ; large jihotographs showing the 
best examples of floral arrangements ; 
75 placques illustrative of ancient and 
modern floral arrangements. 

LORD & BURNHAM CO.. IRVING- 
TOX-ON-THE-IIUDSON. 

Hortictdtural architecture for ornamen- 
tal and commercial uses; conservatory 25 
feet bj' 50 feet; conservatory construc- 
tion, heating, ventilating, benching and 
otherappliances; model conmiercial green- 
house 20 iict by 331-2 feet; for araater.r 
or commercial purposes, greenhouse con- 
struction, heating, ventilating, benching 
and othtr appliances; model commercial 
rose house. 20 feet by 33 1-2 feet; rose 
bouse construction, illustrating the latest 
improved methods for the cultivation of 
the rose; American rose bouse construc- 
tion, beating, ventilating, benching, etc.; 
portable greenliouse, 15 feet by 25 feet; 
suitable for palms, orchids, ferns or gen- 
eral plant house; ciu'ved greenhouse con- 
struction, heating, ventilating, benching, 
tiling, etc.; portable amateur's green- 
house, 10 feet by 20 feet; suitable for 
amateur general plant house, with boiler 
room, and potting bench attached; ama- 
teur's greenhouse construction, heating, 
ventilating, benching, etc.; potting house 
and ofHcc, 15- feet by 20 feet; hot water 
boiler with the latest improvements in 
grates, regulators and connections; hot 
water healing apparatus, for greenhouses, 
with imiiro\-ed valve and overflow regu- 
lators; iron frame work and regulator,; 
for plant tables and beds; iron frame con- 
struction for straight or curved roof of 
greenhouses and conservatories; ventila- 
tion and ventilating machinery for green- 
houses; glazing of greenhouses and mode 
of setting glass; improved methods of 
greenhouse flooring, tiling, etc.; work- 
manship, architectui'al and practical, con- 

38 



nected with greenhouse construction; de- 
tails of greenhouse construction, filling 
and interior decorating Avith i)lants, prac- 
tical illustrations in the cultivation of 
flowers and plants; heating and general 
registration, illustrative of greenhouse 
management; photographs showing in- 
terior"iind exterior views of greenhouses 
erected hj the Lord & Burnham Co.; 
water colored designs of conservatories. 

JIcGOWAN, JOHN. 
50 plants canna, Nellie Borden. 

McJIAHON, FRANK. 

Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 
500 cut roses in five varieties. 

MARC, GABRIEL, CO , WOODSIDE. 

Roses — SPEniiEN Pl.\nts of St.\kdard 
OR TuEE Roses. 

10 La France, 10 General Jacqueminot, 
15 Capt. Christy, 10 Paul Ncyron, 10 
Madame La Charmes, 15 Camille Betnor- 
din, 15 Countess of Oxford, 15 Marechal 
! uc'.cet, 10 Madame Gabriel Luizet, 10 
Charles Margottin, 15 Ulrich Bnumer, 15 
.Alagn-i Charta, 10 Duchess Cambaceras, 
15 Alfred Cohimb, 10 Jean Leisband, 15 
Baron Rothschild. 

MAY, JOHN C, NEW YORK CITY. 
Roses of American origin : 200 plants 
of new roses, Mrs. W. C. Whitney. 

MEISSNER, P. B., FLATBUSII. 
Paims. Perks, etc. 
6 Kentia Belmoriana. 2 feet high, 4 La- 
tania borbonica, 6 Adiantum cuneatum, 6 
Davallia platyphilla, C Gyuogrammachiy- 
sophalla, 6 Aspidium elTusum, 6 Davallia 
tennifolia stricta, 6 Onychium japonicum, 
G Adiantum pubesccns, 6 Blechnum frax- 
ineum, 6 Davallia fijensis, 6 Goniophle- 
bium subauriculutum, G Lygodium ja- 
jionicmn, 6 Gymnogramme schizophylla, 
6 Nephrodium molle, 1 Dracana Alsace 
Lorraine. 

3IILLER, HENRY, EAST NEW YORK. 
Cut flowers sent for JIauliattan day : 
500 cut dahlia blooms; general display of 
autumn flowers. 

NASH, S. C. 
Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 
cut roses in five varieties. 

NATIONAL AVATERPROOF FIBER 
COMPANY, NEAV YORK CITY. 
Plant bed cloth for the protection of 
tender plants. 



298 



K^EW YoKK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN" EXPOSITION. 



NEW YORK FLORIST CLUB. 

Collection op Herbaceous Plants 
AND Annuals Arranged as an Old- 
fashioned Garden. 

Allium Neapolitimum, Althfea rosea 
Acre pleno, Anemone japonica, Anemone 
alba. Anemone Pennsylvanica, Autheri- 
cum liliago, Aquilega Canadensis, Aqui- 
lega chr}'sant.ea, Aquilega ca^rulea, Aqui- 
lega vulgaris, Armeria Alpina, Armeria 
vulgaris. Aster Alpiuus, Aster Amcllus, 
Astilbe japonica, Aubrietia deltoidea, 
Aubrietia grseca, Campanula Carpathica, 
Cami^anula alba, Catananche ca»rulea, 
Centaurea Montana, Cerastium tormento- 
sum. Clematis integrifolia, Convallaria 
majalis. Coreopsis auriculata, Coreop.sis 
Lanceolata, Delphinium Chinensc, Del- 
phinium formosum, Dianthus harbatus 
flore pleno. 

Herbaceous Flowering Bulbous Or- 
najiental and annual flowering 
Plants. 

Dianthus hybridus mulei, Dianthus 
plumarius, Diel_vtra spectabilis. Digitalis 
purpurea, Funkia japonica, Funkia for- 
tunii. Geranium ibericum, Geum coca- 
neum, Helianthusagustifolius.Helianthus 
orgyalis, Hemerocallis flava, Ibers sem- 
pervirens, Iriskaempferi, Lathyrus latifo- 
lius, Mimulus cardinalis, Jlonarda didma, 
JVIyosotis alpestis, M3'0S0tis palustris 
grandiflora, Paeonia tennifolia flora pleno, 
Papaver bracteatum. Phlox subulata, 
Platycodo'-x grandiflorum. Primula auri- 
cula, Rudbeckia hirta, Saponaria offici- 
nalis flore pleno, Solidago rigida, Spirrea 
filhpendula flore pleno, Tradescantia 
rubra, Viola cormuta, Viola lutea, Bellis 
perenis, Bellis snowflake, Eulalia japonica 
variegata, Eulalia japonica zebrina, 
Eulalia gracillima univittata, Thymus 
vulgaris, Pansies, Polianthes tuberosa, 
Gladioli, Lilium auratum, Caunas, Roses, 
Mignonette, Phlox decussata, Stocks, 
Asters, Loniceras, Petunias, Fucbias, Ver- 
benas, Carnations, Marigolds, Dahlias, 
Nasturtiums, Zinnias. 

Horticultural literature, including 
bound volumes and current issues of the 
following: The Florist Exchange, The 
American Florist, Garden & Forest, Rural 
New Yorker, American Garden, National 
Nurseryman, May Flower, Gardening. 

NEW YORK ST ATlf (COLLECTIVE 
EXHIBIT). 

Palms, etc. 
6 Lat.ania Borhonica, 3 to 8 feet high; 
6 Kentia Belmorinana, 3 to 6 feet high ; 
3 Chamaerops excelsa, 4 feet high; 6 
Areca lutescens, 4 to 6 feet high ; 12 Pan- 
danus veitchii, 3 feet high; 12 Pandanus 



I Utilis, 8 feet high; 2 Araucaria excelsa, 3 
I feet high; 6 Maranta massangeana, 3 feet 
I Maranta pulchella, 25 Begonia manicata 
aurea, 35 Begonia smageridina, 25 Begonia 
metallica, 25 Begonia rubra, 6 A'locasia 
cucuUata, 200 Panicum variegatum, 25 
Ohpropogon jahuran variegatus, 25 Coco- 
loba platj'cakla, 100 Pillea muscosa, 12 
Aspidestra lurida, 25 Grevillia robusta, 
12 Aspidestia lurida 'S'ariegata, 250 Cobea 
scandeus, 50 Ampelopsis veitchii, 50 
Amelopsis quinquefolia, 500 Tradescantia 
virides vitlata, 200 Tradescantia zebrina 
multicolor, 200 Tradescantia vulgaris, 200 
Tradescantia discolor, 100 Abutiibn mega- 
l^otamiaun variegata, 100 Senecio mika- 
noides; 100 Vinca major variegata, 25 
Lonicera brachypoda aureo reticulata, 
100 Ficus stipulata minima, 350 Hedera 
helix Hibernica, 100 Maurandj'a barclay- 
ana, 50 Ficus stipulata, 100 Mimosa pros- 
trata. 

Bracaenas. 

One plant of each of the following 
varieties : Rubra, Lindenii, Amabilis, 
Cooperii, Termiualis, Austratis lineata, 
Stricta grandis, Berkleyii, Youngii, 
Fragrans, Lindenii Aurea, Baptisti. 

Ferns. 
8424 plants of the following varieties : 
100 Adiantum cuueatum, 50 xidiantum 
decorum, 35 Davallia buUata, 35 Nephro- 
lepis tuberosa, 100 Pteris umbrosa, 
25 Asplenium biforme, 12 Adiantum 
macroph3'llum, 50 Pteris argyrea, 50 
Davallia platyphila, 100 Gynogramma 
chrysophylla, 100 Aspidium effusum, 35 
Microlepia hirta cristata, 100 Davallia 
tennifolia stricta, 100 Pteris nobilis, 500 
Pteris serulata cristata densa, 50 Poly- 
stichum angulare prolifera, 25 Ouj'chium 
japonicum, 100 Pteris tremula, 13 Adian- 
tum pubescens, 500 Pteris hastata, 6 Dick- 
sonia Antarctica, 12Blechnum fraxineum, 
3 Davallia fijeusis, 1 Goniophlebium sub- 
auriculutum, 13 Nephrolepis davalloides 
furcans, 50 Lygodium japonicum, 200 
Pteris cretica aibo lineata,' 13 Polystichum 
proliferum, 10 Nephrolepis furcans, 100 
Pteris serulata Cistata, 10 Gymnogramme 
schizoph3'lla, 10 Nephrodium molle, 500 
Selaginella denticulata, 100 Selaginella 
lageriana, 200 Selaginella denticulata 
aurea, 100 Selaginella serpens, 25 Sela- 
ginella Caesia arborea, 25 Selaginella 
Martenses variegata. 

Bay Trees. 

4 Lauris nobilis, 30 feet high, oldest 
and finest specimens in existence; 8 Lauris 
nobilis, 6 to 10 feet high. 

Rex Begonias. 
One plant of each of the following 
varieties : Flora Hill, Siebold, Sunder- 




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Report on the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 



299 



bructini, Whittier, Kancy Hanks. Elsie 
CoU'S, Madame Montel, Mrs. Shepard, 
Ruth Freedley, Yiile de Neuilly, Fer- 
dinand de Lesseps. President Carnot. 
Elejraut. Aniie Pynaert, Mrs. E. W. 
Scripps. Roi Ferdinaudo Major, Minnie 
Palmer, Alice White, Bertha McGregor, 
Diadem, iirs E. Bonner. Abbie Menden- 
hall. Souvenir de Gaulam. La Peyrouse, 
Louise Closson, William Robinson, John 
Hopper. Little Lucy, Seeptrum, Quadri- 
color. Silver Threads, Walter Long, Rich- 
mond Beauty, Monge. 

Roses. 
1015 plants of the following varieties: 
50 Perle des Jardins. 50 Waban, 50 Com- 
tesse de la Barthe. 50 Devoniensis. 50 
Etoile de Lyon. 50 Sombreuil, 50 Meteor, 
50 La France, 50 Antoine Yerdier, 50 Sou- 
venir de la !Malmaison. 50 Madame Lom- 
bard. 50 Louis Philippe, 50 Hermosa. 10 
Madame Ph. Kuntez, 10 Souvenir F. Pau- 
leire, 10 Madame JIarthe du Bourg, 10 
Grace Darling, 10 Camelia Raust, 10 A. 
Sisley, 10 General Tartas, 10 Madame 
Bosanquet, 10 The Bride. 10 Louis Rich- 
ard, 10 ^Madame Sisley. 10 Madame Caro- 
line Kuster. 10 Madame Blanchet. 10 
Catherine Mermet, 10 Clothilde Soupert, 
20 Papa Gountier, 10 Isabella Sprunt, 25 
M;ulame Cusin, 25 Madame Welch, 25 
Madame F. Schwartez, 25 Duchess of Ed- 
inburgh, 10 Jeanne Guillamerz. 10 Mar- 
quis de Yivien, 10 Marie Yon Houtte. 10 
Souvenir de Dr. Passot, 10 Marie Guillot, 
10 JIadame Rivers, 15 Gerard Desbois, 10 
Madame de Watteville. 

Class 156. — Climbikg Plants. 
Philodendron pertusem, Cobea Scan- 
dens, Ampelopsisquinquefolia, Ampelop- 
sis Yeitchii, Bignonia grandiflora, Trades- 
cantia Yirides Yittata. Tradescantia Ze- 
brina JIulticolor. Tradescantia Yulgaris, 
Tradescantia discolor, Jlyrsiphyllum As- 
paraguides, Abutilon ilegapotamicum 
Yariegata, Senecio Jlikanoides, Yinca 
JIajor Yariegata, Yinca caerulea Minor, 
Yinca elegantissima alba, Lonicera bra- 
chypoda aureo reticulata, Maurandya 
Barclayana. Clerodendrou Balfouri, Ficus 
Stipulata, Ficus StipulataJlininia. Hedera 
helix Hibernica. Akebia Quinata, Aristo- 
lochia Sipho, iliniosa prostrata, Ipomoea 
ficifolia, Ipomoea Lindleyana, Ipomoea 
ilexicana vera, Lygodium scandens, iles- 
embryantlmm cordifolium variegata. 
Tropaeolum Lobbianum. Authericum 
Californicum variegatiem. Asparagus 
pUimosus, Asparagus tenuissimus. Bego- 
nia glancophylla scandens. 

Class 162. — Cacte-^:. 
Euphorbia Splendens, Agave Ameri- 
cana, Agave Americana variegata, Eche- 



veria agavoides, Echeveria secunda, Eche- 
veria secunda glanca. Agave stricta. San- 
seviera Zealanica, Sempervivum intus lu- 
tcns, Yucca aloifolia. Yucca aloifolia 
variegata. Yucca filamentosa, Cereus Fla- 
gelliformis, Cereus Grandiflorus, Cereus 
Jamacaru, Philocereus senilis, Opuntia 
Mickodasys, Echinocerens Multiplex. 
Echinocactus cylindraceus, Mesembry an- 
thenum cordifoUa -flia variegata, Kleina 
Repens, Kleina suspensa. 

Gloxenias. 
200 plants Gloxinia Speciosa Hybrids. 

TuBEKOus Begonias. 

Superb strain of tuberous Begonias, 
consisting of 500 plants of choice varieties. 

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM. 

Edible and Poisonous Fungi of the 
State op New York. 

For report and catalogue, see pages SOS- 
SOS. 

NILSSON, WILLIAM, WOODLAWN. 
Bedding Plants. 

13 novel floral beds specially designed 
for the occasion, bedding plants in 
novel designs, 500 Echeveria secunda, 
10,000 Echeveria secunda glauca. 250 
Echeveria agavoides, 500 Echeveria me- 
talica, 100 Agave Americana, 150 Agave 
Americana variegata, 250 Sempervivum 
intus lutens, 15,000 Alternanthera paryon- 
choides major, 5,000 Alternanthera versi- 
color, 10,000 Alternanthera aurea nana, 
5,000 Alternanthera amoena. 

OASIS NURSERY COMPANY, WEST- 
BURY STATION, L. I. 

Tuberous rooted Begonias, consisting 
of 250 plants of Griffin's superb strain in 
choice colors. 

Cut Flowers. 

5,000 tuberous rooted Begonia blooms, 
in variety. 

PARSONS & SONS CO., FLUSHING. 
Ornamental Trees. 
One specimen of each cf the following 
varieties: Magnolia Stellata, Magnolia 
hypolenca. Magnolia parviflora, Coi-uus 
aurea variegata Spathii. Cornus sanguinea 
elegantissima, Cornus Florida (lore rubra, 
Cerasus japonica rosea pendula, Cersis 
japonica. Ptelea trifiiliata aurea, Sam- 
bucus Nigra aurea, Prunus pissardi. Sty- 
rax japonica. Styra.x Americana, Catalpa 
syringaefolia aurea, Catalpa purpurea, 
Andumeda arborea, Aesculus liippocas 
tranum memmiugerii, Fagus sylvaticii 



300 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



atropurpurea. Clethia barbinervis, Enony- 
mus elatus, Liriodcudron tulipifci-.-i varie- 
gata, Bcuthamica japouiea, A'iburmim 
dolatatum. Viburnum japoiiicum Sie- 
boldii, Viburuum iapouicum Sieboldii 
variegatura. Spiraea Tliunbergii, Quercus 
pubescens cucullata, Quercus pubesceus 
Concordia, Quercus cerris dentatateum, 
Quercus robusta Kig'ricans. 

Maples. 
One specimen of each of the following 
varieties: Acer Polymorphus Dissectum 
Atropurpureum. Acer Polymorphus San- 

fuineum, Acer Polymorphus cristatum, 
.ccr Polymorphus Dissectum tictum, 
Acer Dissectiun rose petus. Acer Poly- 
morphus reticulatum. Acer Polymorphus 
roseum, Acer Polymorplius sanguiueum 
crispeum, Acer Polymorpluis Kigricans, 
Acer dasycarpum, Acer hctcropliyllum 
laciuiatum, Acer japonieum hcteropbyl- 
lum. Acer trijiartitum. Acer idatanoides 
Schwedlerii, \cvi' palniatum, Acer pal- 
matum pendida, Acer truucatum, Acer 
digitatiim foils aureo marginatis, Acer 
cuculhitum, Acer Monspessulauum, Acer 
rubrum. 

Ornamental Shrubs. 
One specimen of each of the following 
varieties : Juniperus japonica aurea, 
.Tuniperus Sabina vera. Rctiuispora Squar- 
rosa, Retinispora fill f era, Ketinispora ob- 
tusa nana, Retinispora tilifera aurea, Re- 
tinispora plumosa aurea, Ri'tinispora 
plumosa. Thuya occidentalis Brinkerhoff, 
Thuya occidcntalis alba. Thuya occidcii- 
talis couica dcnsa, Thuya occidcntalis 
Vuvaeneana, Thuya oceideutalis com- 
pacta. Thuya occidcntalis recurva. Thuya 
oceidentalis aurea maculata, Thuya ocei- 
deutalis pumila, Thuya oceideutalis aurea. 
Thuya oceideutalis Hucyii, The Gem, 
Biota orientalis elegantissima, Tsnga 
Canadensis Sargeutii pendula, Tsnga 
Canadensis Macrojihylla, Tsuga repanda 
glaucas, Tsuga Canadensis abrovireus, 
Picea omorika, Picea orientalis, Picea 
Remontii, Picea Engelmannii, Picea ex- 
celsa Jlaxwelliaua nana, Picea excelsa 
Finedonesis, Picea excelsa Gregoriana, 
Picea alba aurea, Picea Alcockiana nova, 
Picea excelsa pundula, Picea excelsa con- 
ica. Picea excelsa pyramidata, Picea ex- 
celsa diffusa, Picea excelsa elata, Picea 
Nigra pumila, Pie(5i puugens glauca, 
Pinus Sylvestus aure;i, Pinus compacta 
pumila, Pinus parvitlora, Pinus cembra 
Helvetica, Pinus Pence, Pinus compacta 
vuvea, Pinus !Monticola, Pinus Mughus 
pumila, Fagus Sylvatica laciniata, Abies 
excelsa aur^a, Abies Yeitchii, Abies No- 
bilis glauca, Abies Nordmanuianas, Abie 
Pichta. 



Az.u.E.vs — Display op Hardy Azale.\s. 

Two specimens of each of the following 
varieties : Asa Gray, Kissena, Distinc- 
tion, Lutes graudillora. Flushing Queeu, 
Richardii, Roc des Beiges, Arborea, Pnni- 
cea, Flammeola, Versicolor, Professor 
Kirtland, Cordon, Gloria JInndi, Prince 
of Orange, Belle Janette, Bouquette de 
Flore, Formosa, Cruenta, Obtima, Ade- 
laide, Rosea rotundifolia, Wm, C, Brj'ant, 
Grandeur triumphant. 

Rhododendrons. 

Display of Rhododendrons in choice va- 
rieties, two specimens of each: General 
Grant, Everestiauium, Roseiun Elegans, 
Roseum Leteum, Album Granditlorum, 
Grandiflorum Parsons, Delicatissimum, 
Flushing, Purpureum Crispnm, Perspi- 
cuni, Abraham Lincoln, II. H. Hunne- 
wcll, Bicolor, Senator Sunmer, General 
Sherman, Herbert Parsons. 

PICKLEMAN, S., BUFFALO. 

1 Cycas Revoluta, 3 Yucca Aloe folia 
Varie'gata. 1 Lauris Isobilis, 1 !Musa Ea- 
sete, 14 Cyclamen Persicum, 6 Ohpiopo- 
gin Juburan Variegata. 

PIERSON, F. R..&CO.,TARRYTOWN- 
ON-THE-HUDSON. 

Cannas. 

4,100 plants of the following varieties: 
io Admiral Gervais, 50 Count Horace de 
Choiscul, 23 JIauriee !Musy, 50 Paul Bru- 
ant, 100 Secretarv Stewart, 50 Senateur 
:Montefiore, 50 Explorateur Crambel, 100 
J. D. C«bos, 50 President Carnot, 300 
Charles Henderson, 300 Miss Sarah Hill, 
000 Alplionse Bouvier, TOO Paul Mar- 
quant, 300Capt. P. De Suzzoni, 100 Fran- 
cois Crozy, 1,100 ^ladamo Crozy. 



Roses. 
Cut roses consisting of 500 loni 
' Meteor" Rose. 



stem 



PITCHER & MANDA. 
Flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 
Chrysanthemum blooms in 20 varieties, 
sing'le and double Dahlia blooms, 500 
sprays of Hilianthuses. 

PRATT, JURS. CHARLES L., 

BROOKLYN. 
Ounament.vl Foliage Pl.vnts, etc. 

1 Cyperus alternifolius, 1 Jlusa Caven- 
disliii, 1 Jlaranta veitchii, 1 Croton 
vcitchii, 1 Croton Mooreiana, 1 Dracaena 
fragrans, 1 Pandanus veitchii, 1 Curcidigo 
recurvata, 10 Tradescantia virides vittat'ii, 
10 Tradescantia zebiina multicolor, 10 



Repoet ox the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 



301 



Tradescantia vulgaris, 10 Tradescantia 
discolor, 10 Abutilon megapotamicum 
variegata, 10 Senecio nilkauoides, 10 
Vinca major variugata, 10 ilaurand_ya 
Bari'layaua, 10 Ficus stipulata, 10 Ficus 
stipuhita minima. 

PROSPECT PARK, BROOKLYN. 

Ol«A.\IEXTAL FOLIAOE PLANTS, ETC. 

3 Euphorbia splendens, 5 feet in diam- 
eter; 1 Latania Borbonica, 8 feet high; 1 
Paudanus Utilis, 4 feet high; 3 Seaforthia 
clegaus, 13 feet high; 3 Araucaria excelsa, 
8 feet high; 1 Carj-ota ureas, 13 feet high; 
1 Areca lutescens, 8 feet high. 

REBSTOC'K, J. II., BUFFALO. 

. 4 Diaciienn Indivisia, 3 Dracaena Ferrea. 
3 Adinntum Cuneatum, 3 BlechnumFlax- 
incum, 4 Pteris Argj-rea, 3 Gloxinia 
Grandiflora, 3 Rex Begonias, 3 Fanc.r 
Calailiums, 3 Cj'perus Alternefolius, 3 
Begonia Rubra. 

REED ifc KELLER, NEW YORK CITY. 

Exhibit of florist wire : Designs, con- 
sisting of 300 new and novel designs in 
wire-work, as used by florists. 

ROBERTS, D. H., NEW YORK CITY. 
Natural gas made glass, as used for 
rose houses, conservatories, etc. ; and all 
kinds of horticultural architecture. 

ROEHRS, JULIUS. 
Pa I.MS. 

Four specimen Latania Borbonica, each 
8 feet spread. 

Cut Flowehs. 

Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: 
500 Carnations in 6 varieties; .500 Cut 
Roses in .5 varieties; .500 Chrysanthemutn 
blooms in 10 varieties. 

ROEHRS, TnEODORE, NEW Y'ORK 
CITY. 
Cut Flowers. 
Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: 
oOO cut Roses in 3 varieties; 500 Carna- 
tions in varieties; 500 Chrysanthemums 
in 10 varieties. 

ROESCn, LEWIS, FREDONIA. 
Ornamental trees and general nursery 
stock. 

8ATTF0RD, W. G., POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Two specimens dracaena liudenii. 



SCHMUTZ, LOUIS, L. I. 

6 Pandanus Utilis, 3 Paudanus Veitchii, 
6 Dracaena indivisa, Grevillia rt>busta, 
13 Pillea muscosa, 6 Adiautum cuneatum, 
35 Pteris cristata, 13 Lycopodium densum, 
13 Lycopodium denticulata aurea, 13 
Iledera helix Ilibernica. 

SCHOLES, FREDERICK, BROOKLYN. 
Collection of OucniDs. 

3 Cattleya Gigas, 1 Cattleya Dor- 
maniana, 5 Cattleya Percivaliana, 5 Cat- 
tleya Mendelii, 3 Cattleya Bowringiana, 

3 Cattleya Intermedia, 8 Cattleya 
Speciosissima, 7 Cattleya Trianae. 1 
Cattleya Schroederae, l' Cattleya Schil- 
leriana, 3 Cattleya Skinnerii, 1 Cattleya 
luteola, 3 Cattleya imperialis, 1 Cattleya 
iVmethystina, 1 Cattleya Guttata, 4 Onci- 
ditim Papilio, 1 Oncidium Cavendishii, 

4 Oncidium Spliacclatum, 1 Oncidium 
Lanceanum, 1 Oncidium i\Ionophyllum, 
1 Oncidium trulliferum, 1 Oncidium 
Sprucei, 3 Laelia Purpurata, 3 Laelia 
Perrinii, 1 Laelia Pedunc-alaris, 1 Laelia 
Autumnalis, 3 Laelia Anceps, 1 Laelia 
Annabarina, 1 Laelia Xanthina, 1 Den- 
drobrum Pierardii, 1 Dendrobrum thj-si- 
florum, 1 Dendrobrum nobilis. 1 Epiden- 
drum falcatum, 1 Epideudrum car- 
pltanum, 1 Epidendrum species, 1 Epideu- 
drum fragrans, 3 Epidendrum nemorale, 
1 Epidendrum raniferum, 1 Miltonia 
Stellata, 1 Miltonia Clowesii, 1 Jliltonia 
spectabilis, 3 Brassavola Nodosa, 3 
Brassavola glauca, 3 Schombrugkia 
crispa, 1 Schombrugkia tibicinis, 7 Stan- 
hopea grandiflora, 6 Stanhopea tigrina, 
1 Angraecuni Leonis, 1 Brassia Verucosa, 
1 Coelogyne pandurata, 1 Lycaste Skin- 
nerii, 3 Trichopilia sauvis. 

Crotons. 

8 Croton Aucubaefolium, 3 feet high ; 
1 Croton Andreanum, 3 feet high ; 1 
Croton Disraeli, 3 feet high; 30 Croton 
Interruptum, 3 feet high;' 30 Croton 
Nobilis, 1 1-3 feet high;"l3 Croton Pic- 
tum, 3 feet higli ; 9 Croton Queen Vic- 
toiia, 1 1-3 feet high ; 7 Croton Augusti- 
folium, 1 1-3 feet high ; 6 Croton Berg- 
manni, 1 1-3 feet high ; 7 Croton Chelsoni, 
10 inches high ; 7 Croton Volutum, 1 
foot high ; 3 Croton Undulatum, 1 foot 
high. 

Palms, etc. 

3 Corypha Australis, 4 feet high ; 3 
Corypha Australis, 3 feet high ; 3 Areca 
lutescens, 5 feet high ; 4 Sanseviera 
zealanica, 9 Kentia Belmoriana, 3 feet 
high ; 1 Latania Borbonica, 3 feet high ; 
1 Latania Borbonica, 1 1-3 feet high; 1 
Cycas revoluta, 3 feet high ; 1 Eucharis 
Amazonica, 3 lectin diameter; 3 Ananassa 



302 



New Yoek at the AVoeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Porteana folia variegata, 1 1-3 feet high : 
1 Dracaena Baptisti, 1 1-2 feet high ; 1 
Bilbergia Zebrina, 1 Tradescantia tri- 
color, 3 Paodanus Veitchii, 3 feet high ; 
4 Paudanus Veitchii, 1 foot high ; 4 Aspi- 
distra Lurida, 1 Platycerium alcicorne. 

SCHWEINFURTH, F. V. 

Cut flowers, collection of cut Chrysan- 
themums, collection of cut Ferns. 

SCOLLAY, JOHN A., BROOKLYN. 
Flobists' Spkinkleks. 
Improved Putty Bulk for glazing sash, 
etc., Patent Plant Sprinkler, Cut Flower 
Sprinklers in several sizes. 

SCOTT, WILLIAM, BUFFALO. 
1 hanging basket of Begonias, 13 plants 
Tuberoses, 13 plants Tuberous Begonias 
(Laing's strain), 13 plants Gloxinia Crassi- 
folio Erecta graudiflora, 13 plants Lilium 
Lancifolium rubrum, 12 plants Adiantum 
cuueatum. 6 plants Pteris Hastata, 6 
plants Pillia Muscosa, 25 plants Cobea 
Scandens. 

SIEBRECHT & WADLEY, NEW 
YORK CITY. 

One si^ecimen Ovirandra fenestralis. 

SMALL, J. K., & SONS, NEW YORK 

CITY. 

Flower Besign. 

Model of United States Capitol, twenty- 
eight feet long and twelve feet wide, made 
of Cape flowers. The model is a perfect 
representation of the national building. 

THE STECHER LITHOGRAPH CO., 
ROCHESTER. 

Display of hand-painted flower and 
fruit plates for horticultural illustrations. 

STEFFENS, N., NEW YORK CITY. 

Novel and original wire designs as 
used by retail florists. 

STOPHER, WILLIAM, VASSAR COL- 
LEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Galvanized Wire Screw Plant Stakes in 
several sizes. 

STOTT GARDEN IMPLEMENT CO., 
NEW YORK CITY. 

Garden Appliances. 
Stott's Distributor, for automatically 
mixing insecticide; display of "Killm- 
right," a non-poisonous insecticide used 
in the prevention of mildew and other 
diseases peculiar to plant life; Stott's 



Patent Sprayer, for using insecticide on 
plants; Stott's Patent Syringe, an auto- 
matic insecticide mixer; Stott's Fir-tree 
Oil Soap, an insecticide for plants ; 
Stott's Common-Sense Lawn Sprinkler ; 
Stott's Hose; Stott's Compound Tobacco 
Soap ; Stott's Petroleum Soap ; Stott's 
Whale Oil find Quassia Soap ; Stott's 
Patent Pruners ; Standard Hose Mender. 

TAYLOR, JOHN H., BAYSIDB. 
Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 
500 cut roses in five varieties. 

THORBURN, J. M., NEW YORK 
CITY. 

Pansies. 
300 plants of each of the following va- 
rieties; Black Faust, Odier, Blotched, 
Trimardean, Bugnots superb mixed, Lord 
Beacoustield, Pure Yellow, White, Dark 
purple, Atropurpurea alba marginata, 
Snow Queen, Farm color, ]31ack blue. 
Extra large show, Quadricolor, Thorburn 
superb. Light blue, Violet margined. 
Striped, Emperor William, Bronze color. 
Azure blue. 

Mignonette. 
100 Mignonette Miles Spiral, 100 Mig- 
nonette Golden Queen, 100 Mignonette 
Gabrielle, 100 Mignonette Crimson Queen, 
100 Mignonette Machet, 100 Mignonette 
New Dwarf Red. 

Calceolarias. 
50 Calcaelaria Hybrida Nana, 50 Cal- 
caelaria Hybrida Grandiflora. 

Cyclamen. 

100 Cyclamen giganteum robustum, 100 
Cyclamen giganteum sui}erbum, 100 
C'yclamen giganteum atropurpureum, 100 
Cyclamen giganteum album Mt. Blanc, 
100 Cyclamen giganteum robustum Hy- 
bridum, 100 Cyclamen giganteum 
Roseum. 

Cinerarias. 

50 Cinerarias hybrida mixed. 

Primulas. 

50 Primula Sinensis flmbriata, 50 Pri- 
mula Sinensis flmbriata globosa, 50 Pri- 
mula Sinensis flmbriata filicifolia in 
variety. 

Miscellaneous Plants Used as Vines 
BY THE World's Fair Floricdltural 
Department, ln the Construction 
OF THE Mound in the Center op the 
Horticultural Dome. 

25 Utirica nivea, 35 Chila squash, 50 
Tom's pumpkin, 50 Apple egg gourd, 25 




< 



< 



Report on the Floeioultuee Exhibit. 



303 



Apple dipper gourd, 25 Bgg-sbaped 
gourd, 25 Flat striped gourd, 25 Hercules 
club gourd, 25 Ouion-sliapcd gourd, 25 
Pear-shaped gourd, 25 Powder horu 
gourd, 25 Jliuiature bottle gourd. 25 
Sugar trough gourd, 12 Cucuniis aculan- 
gulus gourd, 12 t'ucvniiis pereuuis, 12 
Cuciuiiis odoratissimus, 12 Cucumis Flexi- 
osus, 12 Cacurbita Lagcrenaria, 25 C'u- 
curbita aurautia, 25 Cucurbita melopepo, 
25 Cucumis erinaceus, 25 Cucumis glos- 
sulariae t'olius, 25 Cylauitliera cxplodens, 
25 Eopepou Vitifolius. 25 Echiuocystis, 
100 Cineraria JIaricteum, 25 Tuber Doli- 
chos batatas. 



TRICKER, WILLIAM. DONGAN 
HILLS. 

Aquatics. 

238 plants of the following varieties: 
4 Nymphiva Jlexicaua, 6 Nymphtca 
Lotus, 2 Nyraphwa Gracilis, 4 Nym- 
phiva odorata, 4 Nympha?a odorata 
minor, 6 Nymphtva odorata gigantea, 8 
Nymphani odorat:i Caroliniana, 6 Nym- 
plia^a odorata sulphurca, 4 N}'mplui?a 
odorata rosea, 4 N3'mpli;iea Marliacea 
albida, 4 Nymph;va Marliacea carnea, 
8 Nympha?a Marliacea chromatella, 6 
Nympha^a Marliacea rosea, 4 Nympha?a 
Pygmea alba, 4 N.ympha>a Pygmea Hel- 
vi'ola. 4 Nymphoea alba, 8 Nyraphrea alba 
candidissima, 4 Nymphoea Candida, 6 
Nympha'a Laj-dekeri rosea, 4 Nymphaja 
Devoniensis, 4 Nymphsea Devoniensis 
superba, 8 Nymphsea Dentata, 8 Nym- 
pha-a Sturtevantii, 4 Nymphsa Rubra, 4 
Nympha^aCoerulea, 4Nympha;a Gigantea, 
8 Nympha?a Zanzibarensis, 4 Nympluea 
Zanzibarensis rosea, 4 Nymphtca Zanzi- 
barensis azurea, 4 Nympha;a Sartifolia, 4 
Nymphiija Elegans, 1 Nymphaja Deaniana 
(New), 1 Nyruphiea Smithiaua (New), 1 
Nymphaja l)elicatissima (New), 1 Nym- 
pha?a Columbiana (New), 4 Nelumbium 
Speciosum, 4 Nelumbium Karmesinum, 
4 Nelumbium Koseum, 4 Nelumbium 
Album striatum, 1 Victoria Randi, 1 Vic- 
toria Regia, 2 Euryale Ferox. 2 Sagittaria 
Montevidicnsis, 6 LimnocharisIIulboldtii, 
12 Cyperus Pap3'rus, 6 Cyperus Natalen- 
sis, 13 Cyperus Alternifolius, 4 Thalia 
dealbata, 6 Eichbornea Crassipes major, 
6 Aponogeton distachyon. 

Cut ornamental grasses and decorative 
material sent for Manhattan day at the 
fair. 

WARD, C. W., EAST MORICHES. 
Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: 
2,000 carnation blooms in 25 varieties. 



WEATHERED, THOMAS AV., & SONS, 
NEW YORK CITY. 

Horticultural architecture, modes of 
construction, appliances, etc.; villa con- 
servatory, 32 feet by 18 feet ; construc- 
tion, decorating, heating, ventilating, 
benching, etc.; hot water boiler, hot 
water pipes and heating apparatus; villa 
conservatory, furnishing of plants and 
flowers, with practical illustrations of 
their cultivation. 

WEBB, MRS. H. W., NEAV YORK 
CITY. 

Hbkbarium. 

Dried specimen ferns and flowers con- 
sisting of many hundred specimens of 
plants and flowers, native of New York 
State. 

WEIR, JAMES, & SONS, BROOKLYN. 
Palms and Ornamental Foliage 
Plants. 
12 specimens Latani Borbonica, 8 feet 
high, 12 feet spread; 12 specimens Pan- 
damus Utilis, 6 to 8 feet high; 1 specimen 
Chamaerops Fortunii, 8 feet high; 1 
specimen Chamaerops Excelsa, 7 feet 
high. 

WHILLDIN POTTERY CO., LONG 
ISLAND CITY. 

Plant Pottery, etc. 

Fancy jardinieres; plant pots as used 
for commercial trade; ornamental plant 
pots as used for conservatory plants; 
earthenware seed pans; propagating pans; 
fern, moss and orchid pans. 

YOUNG, JOHN, NEW Y'ORK CITY. 

Improved cut flower boxes as used for 
shipping flowers to distant points; cut 
flowers; 500 cut carnation blooms in 
12 varieties; 500 dahlia blooms in 20 varie- 
ties; 500 cut roses in 10 varieties; 250 
specimens chrysanthemum blooms in 15 
varieties. Tlie above display of cut 
flowers were sent for Manhattan day. 

ZELLAR, CHARLES, & SONS, FLAT- 
BUSH. 

Twelve specimen orange trees bearing 

fruit; citrus chinensis. 



ZIEGELE, ALBERT, BUFFALO 
One specimen Dion Edule. 



304 



!Nkw Yokk at the Woklu's (Columbian Exi'osition. 



INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS IN IIOETICULTUKAL BUILDING. 



GEOUl' 20. 

Biirnos, Wm. n., Middlcliojie; staking 
anil training griipo vines. 

Kniw'soii, !S. M., & iSons.Wasliingtou- 
villo; wirii'S and liriuuly. 

Felt/.er, J. 1'., Uoclicstui'; grape and 
iiUk'V brandy. 

Ilanser, Christian, Rocliestor; 'wiues 
and clianipagues. 



Maxlicld. 1>. II., Naples; wines. 

Kiiiidall, F. N., liipley; nii-tliod stalciug 
and training vines. 

Ityeliniau, 6. E., Broeton; wines and 
brandy, 

Sniitli, E. Asliley, Li)el<])cirt; unl'er- 
mented wine. 

Wolf, Franz S., Bath; wines. 



OKOUP 21. 



Bninswirk, .M. it Co., Koehester; I'ruit 
plates and literature, 

Curtiee Bros. Co., Koehester; eanneil 
and preserved I'ruits, jellies, ete. 

Genesee Fruit Co., New York; evapo 
rated apples, eider. 



New York, State of; poniaeeons, small 
and eanneil fruits. 

Kipley Cider I'urilier Co.. Sherman; 
eider purilier and pulp washer. 

Steelier liilliogra])liic Co., Rochester; 
lithographed fruit plates. 



liROUl' 22. 



Allen, .1. K., New York ; eut llowers. 

Amman, Charles, New York ; foliage 
plants, 

Jk'bus & Patterson, New York ; eut 
llowers, 

Blondin, .lohn. Long Island City ; eut 
llowers, 

Denu'n.sy, Alfred, Flatbush ; eut 
carnations. 

Dinsmore, Wm., Staatsburgh ; palms 
and erolons. 

Ellei'ton, ,1., Auburn; (ilants. 

Forsternuxn, J., Newtun; orehids. 

Freeman, L,, Whili'sloiu'; palms. 

Ilart, .]as.. New Y'ork; cut roses and 
carnations. 

Hart. M. A., New Y'ork'; cut roses and 
carnations. 

Iteinman, .\.. New York; dried eape 
llowers. 

lIolTman A: Ihirl. New York; eut roses, 
ete. 

Howe. .Mrs. Fislier, Brooklyn; foliage 
plants. 

.lelfreys ifc Son, Bellmore; coleus. 

Lawrence, Geo,, Jjong Island City; eut 
carnations. 

Leaeh Bros., Long Island City; eut 
carn.ntions. 



Matthews, Geo., Great Neck; eut ear- 
nations. 

JMeisseberg, Augustus, Flatbush; eut 
ro.ses and carnations. 

Millang Bros., New York; eut roses 
and carnations. 

I'hillips. .jiio. ^'., Brooklyn; init roses 
and carnations. 

Uoelirs, Theo., New York; cut carna- 
tions and roses, 

Schultheis, Anton, College Point; cut 
roses and carnations. 

Sheridan, Wm. F., New York; eut 
roses and carn.ations. 

Siebrecht. L., Floral Park; cut carna- 
tions. 

Siebreclil. \\in. 11.. Long Island City; 
cut carnations, 

Siebrecht A; Wadley, New York; (U'chids 
and palms. 

Sliaulding, F. \.. Hiverdale; foliage 
plants. 

Vick, .las.. A: Sons, Koehester; pan- 
sies. 

Wii)perman, Herman. Hrooklyn; eut 
carnations. 

Yinuig Bros., New York; eut roses and 
carnations. 



UROl'f 



Curtiee Kros. Co., Roqjiester; canned vegetabh's, pickles, ketchup, etc. 



;i{iiui> 26. 



New York Central Iron "Works, Geneva; 
greenhouse boiler. 

lloome, Slabb & Co., New Y'ork; port- 
able summer house. 



Rose, N. .Tonson. New Y'ork; designs 
of parks, gardens, etc. 



Repoet on the Botanical Exhibit. 3(J5 

EEPOET 02T THE BOTAXICAL EXHIBIT OF THE STATE 

MUSEUM. 



By CHARLES H. PECK, State Bot.uxist. 



t> 



HOETICULTCKE GEOFP 23 EDIBLE FCNGI. 

"With the consent of the Hegents of the University, trustees of the 
State Museum, an exliibit of dried specimens of Xew York's species 
of fungi was made at the World's Columbian ExpositioiL The speci- 
mens were taken from and belong to the State herliarium. They 
were limited in nundjur, because of the short time given to tiieir 
preparation and liecause of the limited space alloted for their exhibi- 
tion. The space assigned was 160 square feet, on which four taltle 
cases with glass tops were placed. Each case was ten feet long and 
about four feet wide, the center being slightly elevated so that the top 
and bottom sloped from it in each direction toward the sides. It was 
thought that this mode of construction would lie most favorable to the 
inspection of the specimens. Specimens of fungi only were selected 
for exhibition because a satisfactory general exhibit of the specimens of 
the herbarium could not well be made in so small a space and l)ecause 
these would possess an interest and novelty that would be wanting 
in specimens belonging to other departments of botany. Besides, Xew 
York State has been a pioneer, so to speak, in the investigation of her 
mycolugical flora and her State herbarium is esj)ecially rich in )-uj)re- 
sentatives and types of these plants, and it, therefore, seemed fitting that 
she sliould show the world her advanced position in this direction as 
well as in others. Though these jilants often possess less popular 
attractions than others having greater size, brighter colors and more 
symmetry of form, yet they are scarcely inferior to any class of plants 
in economical interest and importance. The result Jias coniirmed the 
wisdom of their selection for exhibition, for while there were many 
exhibits ui hcrljarium specimens of flowering jilants and some of ferns 
and algae, there was no other general exhibit of specimens of fungi. 
The Department of Agriculture at Washington and the Agricultural 
Experiment Stations had exhibits of parasitic species injurious to cul- 
tivated plants, and the former had an exhibit of models of some ediljle 
and iiarniful mushrooms, as well as parasitic species, but Xew York's 
exliibit was much more comprehensive. Even this was limited to 
such species as have some economical character or importance, but all 
tlie great groups or divisions of fungi were represented. There were 
sixty-one species of edilde fungi, sixty -three species of wood-inhal)iting 
aud wood-injuring fungi, including a few examples of wood showing 
the effect of permeating and destructive mycelium, eighteen species of 
parasitic fungi injurious to cultivated and useful plants, the host 
plants plainly 'showing the effects of the jiresence of the fungus, and 
six species injurious to noxious weeds and animals, and, therefore, to 
be rei^arded as beneficial to man by aiding him in keeping his enemies 
in subjection. The total is 148 species. 

39 



306 



New Yoek at the World's CoLtrMBiAN Exposition. 



These were re^jreseuted by an average of probably seven or eight 
specimens each, so tliat the whole exhibit consisted of about 1,000 
specimens. With the exception of tlie representatives of tlie parasitic 
species, Avhich were mostly nioniited on ordinary herbarium sheets of 
paper, the specimens were exhibited in white ]iastel)oard trays, six 
inches long and four inches broad or some multiple of these. In this 
way there was a greater economy of space than would have been possi- 
ble if the specimens had been mounted. Each species M'as accompanied 
by a label, printed in clear, bold type, giving its botanical or Latin 
name, its corresponding common or English name, and the name of the 
county or counties whence tlie specimens came. In many cases the 
variability of the species was such as to require a series of specimens to 
illustrate the dilferent forms and varieties. Along the center of the 
cases, at moderate intervals, larger labels v.'eve placed indicating the 
economic character of the specimens in their respective inter\'als. On 
the top of the cases, at suitable distances from each other, four porce- 
lain tablets were set uji, inscribed " Fungi of the State of New York," etc. 

That tills exhibition of fungi was especially useful, as an educator of 
the people, admits of no (piestion. The character of the remarks made 
by visitors concerning it and the numerous questions asked by them 
concerning its nature and character, indicated very cleai-ly that there 
was much need of, and desire for, a greater knowledge of these things 
among the people. The specimens were on exhibition from May first 
to October thirtieth. Tliey liave been returned to the State herbarium 
in good condition, with two or three exceptions. The danqiness of the 
iitmosjihere in the Horticultural Building was such as to cause all the 
specimens of one species and a j)art of tliose of two others to become 
affected with mold. 

A list of the species of which specimens were on exhibition and of 
the varieties and forms follows. 



Catalogue of Species and Varieties of New Yoek Fungi 

Exhibited. 



Edible Fungi. 
Amanita eresai'e!i, Srop. 
Amanita rubcscons, Fr. 
Amanitn nilii'sccns, Avartless forni. 
Amauilojisis vaji'inata, (Bull.). 
Amauitopsis vaginata, Vav. I'ulva, 
(t^rluTff). 

Amauitopsis vaginata, Var. li\-iila. 

(P,TS.). 

Amauitopsis vagiuata, Var. uivalis, 
(Oi-cr.). 

Lepiota prooora, Sroj). 
Lepiota naiiciiuiiilos. Peck. 
Avmillavia iiu'lloa, ]'ilfil. 
Armillaria. mcllca, clustorod form. 
Armillaria mclli'a, Var. bulbosa, IWk. 
Armillaria mclloa, Var. albida, Perk. 
Armillaria melloa, Var. glabra, Gill. 
Tricboloiua traiismutans, Prc/c. 
Tricholoma imbricatuiu, Fr. 
Tricboloma persouatum, Fr. 



C'litocybe ncbiilaris, Batscli. 

Clitocybi: iiu'dia. Peck. 

Clitocybu inl'uiidibuliformis, Scliacff. 

Clitocyln.' cyntbil'ormis, Fr. 

Clitofybo larcata, Scoji. 

Clitoc3'be laccata, Var. amitln-stina, 
(Bolt.) 

C'litocybe laccata, Var. pallidifolia, 
(Peck). ' 

C'litocybe laccata, Var. striatula, (Peck). 

Plcurotus ulmarius, Bull. 

Pleiirotus ostrcatus (Jncij.), Fr. 

Plcurotus sa|)idus, Kulclih. 

Ilygroplionis virgiucus, Fr. 

Ilyg'ropborus pratcnsis, Fr. 

Ilygrophorus miniatus, Fr. 

Lactarius deliciosus, Fr. 

Lactarius volemus, Fr. 

Lactarius subdulcis, Fr. 

Russula vircsceiis, Fr. 

Cantbarellus cibarius, F^: 




1- 
O 



Repoet on the Botanical Exhibit. 



3U7 



Marasmius oreades, Fr. 

Cortiuarius cdlliiiitus, Ft: 

Cortiuiu'ius vioUifLHis, Fr. 

Cortiuiu'ius anuillatus, Fi: 

Cortimirius cinnamomeus, Fi: 

Cortinarius ciunamomeus, Var. semi- 
sanguineus, Fr. 

Paxjlhis involutus, Fr. 

Agaricus arveusis, iSr/ucff. 

Agaiicus silvicola, V'itt. 

Agaricus cainpester, L. 

Agai'icus placomj'ces, Peck. 

Copriuus comatus, Fr. 

Copriinis atraiueutarius, Fr. 

Coprinua atramcutarius.Var. silvestris, 
Peck. . 

Copriuus micaceus, Fr. 

Copriniis micaceus, Var. couicus, Peck. 

Boletus scabur, Fr. 

Boletus scaber, Var. niveus, Fr 

Boletus subluteus, Peck. 

Boletus subtomentosus, L. 

Boletus alliiiis. Pick. 

Boletus castaneus, Bull. 

Polyporus sulphurcus, Fr. 

Hydnum repandum, L. 

Hydinnn rul'eseeiis, Pers. 

Hyduvun conilloides, Scop. 

Fistuliua hepatica, Fr. 

Craterellus coruucopioides, Pers. 

Clavaria botrytes, Pers. 

Clavaria flava, Scltn-ff. 

Clavaria cristata, Pers. 

Lyeoperdon cyathiforme, Bosc. 

MorcUella esculeiita, Fr. 

Morchella conica, Pers. 

Morchella augusticeps, Peck. 

Moreliella deliciosa, Fr. 

Morchella stauilibera, D. C. 

Gj'romitra csculenta, Fr. ' 

Helvella crispa, Fr. 

JMilrula vitellina, ISdcc. 

Mitrula vitellina, Var. irregularis, Peck. 

Fungi Gkgwing on and Injuhious to 
Wood. 

Panus .stipticus (Bull.) Fr. 

Panus operculatus, B. & 0. 

Leuzites betulina, Fr. 

Leuzites vialis, Peck. 

Lenzites sepiaria, Fr. 

Lenziles sepiaria.Var. porosa, Fr. 

Schizophylluni couimuue, Fr. 

Polyporus elegans, Fr. 

Polyporus osseus, Kalchh. 

Polyporus cliioncus, Fr. 

Polyporus gultulatus, Peek. 

Polyporus inidosus, Peck. 

Polyporus crispellus, Peck. 

Polyporus fumosus, Fr. 

Polyporus adust ua, Fr. 

Polyporus adustus, Var. carpineus, 
(Sine). 

Polyporus Weiunianni, /''/-. 

Polyporus borealis, Fr. 

Polyporus pubcscens, Fr. 



Polyporus cuticularis, Fi: 

Polyporus iiitlulaiis, Fr. 

Polyporus gilviis, Sehw. 

Polyporus gloineratua, Peck. 

Polypoi'us resinosus, Fr. 
Polyporvis bctuliiius, FV. 

Polyporus volvatus, Peck. 

Polyporus hicidus, Fr. 

Polyporus pinicola, Fr. 

Polyporus applanatus, W'ltllr. 

Polyporus fomentarius, Fr. 

Polyporus fomeutarius, Var. zonatus, 
Peck. 

Polyporus igniarius, Fr. 

Polyporus nigricans, Fr. 

Polyporus conualus, Fr. 

Polyporus carueus, JVees. 

Polyporus carneus, Var. subzonatua. 
Peck. 

Polyporus concbatus, Fr. 

Polyporus pieeiuus. Peck. 

Polyporus birorniis, Klotz. 

Polyporus couchifer, Schw. 

Polyporus aureoiiitens. Put. 

Polyporus hirsutus, Fr. 

Polyporus hirsutus, V^ir. albiporus, 
Peck. 

Polyporus hirsutus, Var. migromargi- 
natus (Schw.). 

Polyporus zouatus, Fr. 

Polyporus versicolor, Fr. 

Polyporus versicolor, Vai\ furaosiporus. 
Peck. 

Polyjiorus iierganienus, Fi-. 

Polyporus pergainenus, Vnr. clougatus 
(Berk.). 

Polyporus perganienus, Var. pseudo- 
pergamemis (TIiiiiii.). 

Polyporus abietinus, Fr. 

Polyporus abietinus, Var. iriiiciforniis, 
Peck. 

Gkeoporus conchoides, Moul. 

Poria subacida. Peck. 

Trametes suaveolens, 7'V. 

Tranietes cinnabarina, (Jitcq.) Fr. 

Tratnetes Trogii, Berk. 

Trametes mollis, Fr. 

Trametes sepium, Berk. 

Da'dalea (picrcina, Pers. 

Da'dalea uuicolor, Fr. 

Da-dalea uuicolor, Var. fumosipora. 
Peck. 

Dicdalea confragosa, Pers. 

Da;dalea confragosa, Var. Cookei, Peck. 

Diedalea confragosa, Var. rubeseens, 
Peck. 

Da'dalea eonfi-agosa, Var. Klotzschii, 
Peck. 

Merulius tremellosus, Schrad. 

Merulius laerinuins. Fr. 

Iri)e.\ cinnamomous, Fr. 

Odontia lateritia. B. & C. 

Stereum sci'ieeuni, Schw. 

Stereum (■(niipjicatum, /''/•. 

Stereum complicatum, Var. laeerutum, 
Peck. 



30S 



Nkw Ydkk at the Wokld's Coh'mihan Eximsitio 



Slonniiu bicolor, M'. 
Stcri'iiiii vcrsicoloi', Fr. 
(.'lilorospUMiium ivniijinosuiii, Ik N. 
Wood staini'il by Us Jlyct'lium. 
AVoini iH'niu'uti'cl by Mycelium. 
Bark ovi'mui by Jlyi-olium. 

Fungi Guowino on and In.iuuious 

ClIIi'riVATK.I> AND USKFUL Pi. ANTS. 

GUvosporium liiscniirium, iS. i\c K. 
Pliiwriuhliii morbosii, (Srhir.) Snce. 
i\IonibM rruclijiciui, /'ii:i. 
10nlomos|Hiii\nn niai'iiliitiim, /.<v'. 
Piiisniopnni vilicola. />'. <(• Jh' '/'. 
Phyt.oi>hthora iiil'i'stiUis, ])<• fli/. 
Pci'oiiospora parasilica. '/'»/. 
Claiiosporiuiu I'ulvum, Ci'c. 
(VTcospora \]m. Fns. 
Ci'vcospora bclicola, .S/cc. 
Piu'i'iiiia Miilvaccanmi, }fo>,t. 
Ustila.^o Maydis, (V. 
Ustilan'o Trilici, Jiimeii. 
Ustila'ii'o lloi'dri, 7i'. if- A 
Ustilan'o Avfiiu'. ,/iiimii. 



Oalyi)tos]iora Oo'iipcrliaua, Kiiliii. 
Diincrosiioriiim Collinsii, 'J'/iiini. 
]ly podt'i'iiui liiiearo, 2'<c/i'. 

Vvsni Injurioits to Noxious Wekds 
AND Animals. 

Kmpiisa Muscio, Cn/iii. 
SpoiTiidoiU'iua luyopliiliiiu. ''>'K't'. 
Cystoinis candidus. J.c i\ 
PiK'i'inia sunvi'oU'iis, Jlantr. 
Uslilan'o Ccsatii, Wald. 
PiTonospora LinariiV, Fcki. 



IxHl'Arri'l'l.ATION. 

ICdiblc fungi 01 spocios. 

I'^unni injurious to wood. ... (j3 spocics. 
li^iu\j;i injurious to culti- 

va led and viscful jilants. . . 18 species. 
Funjji injurious to noxious 

weeds and animals 6 spceies. 

Total 148 



REPORT OX THE LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT. 



By JAJIES wood, Mt. Kisco, Sitperintendent. 



Tlie State Board of Managers decided to aid exhibitors of live stock 
by defraying the cost of transportation to and from Chicago, and of the 
feed reqnired for tlie stock while at the exposition. Extended public 
notice was given of this, and much interest was aroused throughout the 
State. ^ In order that only such animals should be sent to the exposi- 
tion as would retlect credit upon the State, the director arranged for 
the inspection by competent judges of all animals offered whose quality 
was not already known to him. By this means no inferior animal was 
sent to Chicago. Manifestly the inspection of poultry was impracticable. 

It was much to be regretted that tlie horse show was arranged for 
the mouth of August. Tlie owners of the studs for which Xew York 
is famed, and breeders generally, objected to sending their valuable ani- 
mals so far to be kept on exhibition in the hottest time of the year. As 
a consequence, the exhibit of horses from this State was very small, and 
altogether inadequate to the great importance of this interest. The 
exhibits of cattle, sheep and swine were much more complete, and 
reflected credit upon the State. The large number and amounts of 
prizes awarded to our exhibits emphatically attest their quality. 



CATAL()(illK OK NKW YOIIK KAIIII'.ITS IN DKl'AKT- 
MKNT 0, LIVK STOCK. 



Ill\ ISIllN A. 

(!(i()](\V, A. II.. I'illlr llriliiiii; IhiIIm. 
oovvH, licilVrs. 

( '(>1J;'H\V('I1, 1'. .1,, UlH'lu'Mlcr; luH'lTH. 

Diiviilsoii. (I. Ilnwin'd, Milllii'oiik; liiills, 

(H)\VH, lll'lI'l'l'M, 

ICiKi. li'nuik, riiii' riiiiiiN; I'nwM, 
llndsiiii, Mrs. S, 1'!.. AlrMiiiilriii; cows, 



Kriil, A. M.. .liniicslinvM; hulls, r<iw,s, 
licilVrs, 

rillsl'iml I'Mrni, rillslnrd; bulls, coWH, 
lii'H'i'i's. 

Unnil, Wui,, Hinn'liMMltiill; bulLs, 

SwiM'l, ( '. .\.. Hulliilo; cows, 

WillHir, l», li',, Oiu'omIji; hulls, cows, 
licH'ci's. 



Iil\ IsiiiN I' 

Cliiy HlocU 1''mi'iu, l.oiii!; isl.Miul; liorscs, 
ninrcH, sljillions, 

llnulcy, 10, I'V, rillsroi'd; horses, imircs, 
sinlliiius. 

Iliiwlc.v, I'', W., I'iUslonl; slidlious, 
l^lirllniid |ioiilcs, 

Olis, li'il li,, KoclicsliCi'; horses, luiircs, 

SlilllioMN, 

lil\ISl()N ( 

Hinri'U, I''. W',, Wiidswoilh, Soulh 
downs. 

Curi'y, Win., i\; Sou, I hiii w icl» ; ('lic\ 
lol,s. 

(iiin'v, 'r. N., lliu'l.wick; (Imvlols, 

(lossili, Diivis, Syi'iH'Usc; CIicvIoI.m. 

Miii'll, '!'. II,, Sknui'sirlcs; Mci'iiios, 

l.ri', i:, M,, South HlooHillcId; MiM'ilios. 

liUsU, S, It,, lidlMviii; Mci'uios, 

lilVISIoN 1). 

Ci'uudi. V,. \\ .. ( )u.'H|Uii^'m; Chcslcr 
VVIlil.cs, 

Coc. U. 1'",., Kirksvillc; Clii'shii'cs, 
Doolil.Mc, L, l'\, OuiuiUimM; Chcshircs, 
l>!ivis, K, \V,, Oucidii; Chcshircs, 
li'rci'uiiiii iV Itullon, Colloii's; ( 'hcshii'i's, 

|i|\ ISKiN li'. 

,\l\onl, l''i'!od\ (',, ( !lo\ i'i's\ illc; lii'ccd 
iuiV pens, 

liiu'ou, licwis A,. I''.hnii'.'i; cocUs. Iicus, 
cocUci'cls, puUcl.s, 

Hishop, (", W'., V'cron.'i; cocKci-cIs, 
pidlcls, ^■ 

Hryanl., I!, 1'',, .lohuson's CrccU; cocks, 
liens, eiickei'els, pullcls, ln'ccdiiin' pens, 

liciil.lcy, N,, ('oiic\viiii!,^'o; Imulnui 
cocks, liciis, cockerels, pullels, bieeiliuii; 
pens. 

Conicll, Kzm, il.liiicii; cocks, liciis, 
cockerels, pullcls, lii'ocdliiu; pens. 

lOin'le, (', 1'., (Jouvcrnciir; cocks, liens, 
cockerels, iiuUcts, 



lUUv'SIW. 

rill.sl'ord l''iirnis, I'lllsloi'd; horses, 
uiMres,slidlions. 

Heymdds i\l, l\, Uoclicslcr; horses, 
inures, sl.iillions, 

Shiirr.i, Uobcrl. M., Oswego; horsos. 

HhiirrM, ,1, It., Mexico; horsos. 



.SIIMICI-. 

I,ouj;'li, (leo,, Ibiil w iek; Chcviol.s. 
Msriin, I'el.cr, Kiisli; Merinos, 
Miiilin, (leo. It"., Hush; Merinos, 
rsn'c, (leo. ,\, mid 1!., 10,'isl, Hclhiiny; 
Merinos, 
Sniilh, 11, ('., Miiri'cllus; Mi'i'iiuis. 
V'sn Dresser Iti'os., Coblcsliill; Chcvidls. 
Wilbiu', I). l'\, OniMnilii; ('heviols. 



llurllnil., H, .1 , (lynier; Chcshircs. 
Kimpp liros.. li'iibius; Herkshircs, etc. 
Mclciiire Hros. . Mssl Mlnni; Hcrksliivos, 
elc. 

Seelcy, .liuni's, (Jenevs; l'',sse\. 
Spicc'r, VV, 1''.., lbir\;ird; Herkshire. 

— I'(ili|,'l'i;v. 

(Iiirrlson, li, it Co., Syniciise; coi'ks, 
hens, cocUci'els, pidlcl.s, breeding- pens. 

Oabriel, Miirlin, .Ir., MiilViilo; cocks, 
hens, cocUerels. pullcls. 

llelberl. it Hniycr, Hocliestcr; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pidlcl.s. brccdin,!; pens. 

Howell, C, 10.. lOlniiin; coclis, bens, 
cockerels, |iidlels, 

lliiniincr.sclnnidl. ('., Soulli Hull'iilo; 
cocks, bens, cockerels, pullets, brrediii}; 
pens, 

llun,n-errord, Cliiis. S., New Yiu'k city; 
cocks, hens, cockin'<ils. pullets, 

llil/iird, ,binies 10., lObiiini; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pullcls. 




X 



o 

o 



EePOET ON" THE LiVE StoCK ExIIIBIT. 



311 



Heath, G. W., Amstenliim; cocks, liens, 
cockerels, p\illets. 

Jerome, C. W., & Co., Fabius; cocks, 
hens, cockei'els, pullets. 

Kuapp Bros. Fabius; cocks, hens, 
ducks. 

Knapp, B. R., Cortlnnd; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Knapp, Wm., Cortland: cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Knox, J. F., Buffalo;" cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pulk-ls, breeding pens. 

Lewis. Frank D., &, Bro., Amsterdam; 
cocks, hens, cockerels, pullets. 

Moody, "W. H., Elmira; cocks, hens. 

Jliller, C. L., Addison; cocks, hens, 
breeding \wns. 

O'Neill. J. E., Elraira; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pullets. 

Pinckney, Daniel S., Onondaga; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Peer, Geo. E., Hochester; jjigeons, 
trumpeters. 

Hequa, E. L., Highland Mills; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pullets. 

Richardson, W. M., Troy, rabliits. 



Shafer, W. A., Oneonta; cocks, hens, 
geese. 

Spraker, J. A., Sprakers; breeding pens. 

Tillinghast, C. H,, Hamburgh; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Thompson, K. P., Patterson; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Thoiupson, E. B,, Amenia; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Thompson, ,J. H.. .Jr.. Patterson; cocks, 
hens, cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

Taylor, I). F., Dc Ruyter; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, imllets. breeding pens. 

Tallinger, John F., Rochester; cocks, 
hens, cockeivls, pullets. 

Wilcox, Jones, East Chatham; cocks, 
hens. 

\\''ilsou, J. D.. Worcester; cocks, hens, 
cockerels, jiullets, breeding pens. 

Wharburton. Wm. H., Willow Creek; 
cocks, hens, cockerels, pullets, breeding 
pens. 

Wheeler, ^Irs. W. P., Geneva; cocks, 
cockerels, pullets, breeding pens. 

White & Dennison, Marilla; cockerels, 
pullets. 



GROCl' 2S. CATTIJ': FOOIW. 



American Glucose Co., 
food. 



Butralo; 



stock I Smith & Romain, 
food. 



New York; stOCk 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT D, FISH, FISHERIES, ETC. 



GiwuM' ;i7. 



Aiiis, M:\\, New York ; sturgcou 
mouuti'd. 



j Qimckenbos, J. D., New York; paint- 
I iiig iiuii specimeus of SunsipL'c trout. 



GROUP 38. 



Ains, Mux. New York ; sturgeon irii: 
nets imil bouts lor sturgeou lishiug. 



Court, J. AV,, Brooklyn; rtsli hooks. 



UK()U1> '.W. 



Buel, J. T.. it Co., "Wliiteliiill ; artitteiul 
biiits and trolling spoons. 

Forest, and Stream Pnblishing Co., New 
York ; publications and illustrations of 
anu'ling. 

Harris, AVni. C., New York; iiaintings 
and publieatious of angling. 

Skinner, G. ^M., Clayton; trolling 
spoons. 



Spalding, A. G., & Bro., New York; 
fishing rods. 

\'on Hole, Julius, Brooklyn ; fishing 
reels. 

Wood's Sous, Keuben, Syracuse; ]ior- 
trait of Reuben Wood. 

Yawniau & Erbe, Rochester ; fishing 
reels. 



Ams. Max, New York ; smoked and 
cjinned fish, caviare, sturgeon oil and 
scrap. 

Kabrs. Frinian, New York ; dry fish 
glue. 



■1> 4(t. 

Jlajor, A., New York ; fish cement. 

Meierdiercks, J. A., & Sons, New 
York ; salt and ju'escrved fish. 

WoltT A: Reessiug, New York ; canned 
sardines. 



UKOITI' 41. 
Loery. ISernhard. New York ; aquariiu;;. 







' f ttf 



II.- -fc 



•;^f? 



'J 



L3 



EEPOirr ON THE SdENTlFK^ EXIIir»IT. 

DEPT. E.-MINES AND MINING. 

15y FliKDKKlCK' .1. U. .M Kl!l!l 1,1.. I'll. 1),, Superintendent. 



At tlic roqnost of tlio Hoard of iMai miners of fhc. I']\liil)if, of tlio Stiite 
of New York at tliu World's ( 'oliunliiaii l'^x]iosition, it was voted hy 
tlie lluii;eiits of tlio University, September 21), 1S!I2, to place the scien- 
tific e.xliihit of New York State at the A\'^)l•ld's Fnii" in chai'j;'(\ of the 
New York State l\Inseuin, and the task of pi'eparing this exhibit was 
assigned fo the assistant dirt'ctor. In this exhibit the attainiiiciil of two 
objects M'as aimed at : i'"irst, to make as exhanstivo a disjilay as possible 
of the natui'al economic resources of the State, and, second, to show 
the collections di'rived by loan fi'om the State Museum, and those 
secured directly by purchase in llic iiicHkhI df ni'oupinj;- and arrann'c- 
ment employed by the best i'i|ui[)[)cd museums of this counti'y or 
Europe, and in the most 8uital)le exhibition cases. In short, it was 
desired to show the ])nlilic a museum modeled after the best in tliis 
country and Europe, iu which, by thc^ limitation of the (vise, the si)eci- 
mens M'ei'e all derived from New \'oi'k State, to show the economic 
resources of Xew York, and to instruct objectively all who visited tlio 
exhibil. 

The work of the State Museiuu is carried on undi'r six pi'incipal 
heads, ])aleontology, economic geolofjy and mineralogy, botany, zoology 
and entomology; the exhibit of the nuisenm would, therefore, natu- 
rally have been on these lines, and was so carried out wherever it was 
possible. In the minds (jf scientists of this country and of Europe^, 
the name of tin: Xew York State ^Inseum has for many years btn^n 
closely associated with that of I')r. .rames JIall, the State (Jeologist. In 
the pre|)aration of hi.s monumental works on the paleontology of New 
York, the nniseuni grew, and with its growth was that M'ork of pub- 
lication which for scientific accuracy, logical arrangement, careful and 
artistic illustration cannot be ei;ualled in the woi'ld. The well-known 
volmnes on paleontology which were exhibited, are in tlnMust^lves a 
lil.)rai'y of the subject, and the gri^at mimber of valuable |)!ates which 
they contain form a coinprelii'nsi\(^ (exhibit of tli(3 |)al(!ontological 
specimens in the State jMnseum. in addition was exhibited the ('oboes 
mastodon, a uniipie and almost jierfect s))ecimen. At the time the work 
was placeil in chai'ge of the assistant director of the museum, the State 
Botanist had ali'cady b(.^gim his woi-k. In the iu<lgnH'iit <if Professor 
Peck it was considc'red desiridilc to make a selection of s(jmeone group, 
and an exhansti\-e presentation ihercMif. He s(!le(;ted the fungi U|)ou 
which he had for a long time been working, and in iH'lation to which 
lie had maile manv interestintc discoveries (.if economic value. His 

40 



314 New Yoek at thk TVoeld's CoLrsiBiAN Exposition. 

report to the superintendent is under tlie department of liorticulture, 
page 305. To the farmer and the epicure, the physician and the student, 
it will be alike interesting and vahiable. 

Could Dr. Lintner, the State Entomologist, have had the strength to 
undertake an exhiliit in his department, it would have been at once a 
revelation and a liberal education to the other States, but the pressure 
of his regular work was so great that he was reluctant to undertake new 
duties at the expense, perhaps, of those already entered upon, and, 
therefore, decided to make no entomological exhibit. It was the opin- 
ion of more than one foreign judge that no other similar exhibit com- 
pared with that of Xew York in the careful ai'rangement of specimens, 
attention to detail and neat methods of display. In no one group was 
this cai'eful arrangement more evident than in that of the land and 
fresh water shells prepai'ed by the assistant zoologist, Mr. William B. 
Marshall. These specimens were almost all owned by the museum, 
but a few necessary additions were purchased by the State Board of 
Managers. A series of the mammals of JSTew York State was also 
exhibited. The report of the assistant zoologist M'ill be found under 
the department of ethnology, page 503. 

MiNEEAL Exhibit. 

The mineral exhibit was the most extensive of the exhibits made by 
the Xew York State Museum and consisted of two collections — the 
scientific collection of minerals in the west gallei-y and the collection of 
economic minerals in the mining exhibit on the main flooi'. The former 
has accumulated for many years and is of great educational value. It 
contains moreover many large and particularly tine specimens which 
cannot be duplicated. Mr. Lea M. Liiquer, assistant in mineralogy at 
Columbia College, ^was placed in charge of tlie selection, examination, 
cataloguing and arrangement of the minerals of the museum which 
formed this very beautiful exhibit. Mr. Luquer's report is appended, 
page 319. The mining exhibit was almost entirel}' collected for the 
World's Columbian Exposition, and represents as fully as possible the 
mineral I'esources of New York State. Although New York does not 
rauk high as a mining State, its mineral products are of great value. 
The brick industry alone amounts to $8,500,000 a year. The product 
of its quarries of building stone is enormous, although an accurate state- 
ment of its annual value cannot yet be made. The salt industry amounts 
to over $1,500,000 a year. A large amount of capital is invested in the 
iron industry of New York, but the present state of the iron market 
has closed many of the nunes. The clay industries of the State, the 
brick and pottery works, have now become an important source of 
income to many residents of New York and are the fountain head 
of much inter-Statg^-commerce. Early in his othcial life iu Albany the 
assistant director of the museum recognized the jjropriety of a bulletin 
of reliable information on the subject of the clay industry, and secured 
the services of Mr. Ileinrieh Hies, Pii. B., who has visited all the works 
of the State manufacturing articles from this material, and has pre- 
pared a full and very valuable bulletin upon the clays of New York. 
It is expected this will soon be published. An extract from this 



Report ox the Mixes and Mixixg Exhibit. 315 

■nnprinted IjuUetin forms the appended report bv Mr. Ileinrich Eies, 
who made the clay collections for the exhihit at the AVorld's Fair. Mr. 
Sies was the assistant in charge of the installation of the mining 
exhibit, and performed his dnties in a manner alike creditable to him- 
self and to the State. 

The iron ores exhibited by the State were obtained bv correspond- 
ence and snpplemented by specimens from the mnseuni. The snpei'- 
intendent experienced great ditheulty in secnring satisfactory specimens 
of salt for display. Mr. R. D. White, C. E., was fb'st sent out to visit 
the mannfacturers of salt in the State and to select and airange for the 
shipment or the different kinds of their product. The companies did 
not feel that the exiiiliits would be of tinaneial value to them, and were 
reluctant to involve themseh'es in any expenditure of time or labor. It 
became necessary to send Mr. IVilliam C. Clarke, E. M., on an addi- 
tional trip before satisfactory arrangements could be made to present a 
proper exhibit. The study of the gypsum industry had already been 
placed in the hands of Mr. Clarke, and his results are published in 
Bulletin No. 11 of the Xew York State Museum. 

The building stones of the State were chiefly collected bv corre- 
spondence and were pi-epared for exhibition in ten-inch cubes, one face 
receiving as high a polish as the stone was susceptible of, and the other 
faces being prepared so as to bring out the individual peculiarities of 
the stone. The work of cutting and polishing these stones was done 
by the firm of Schilling & Co., of Albany, who also prepared the 
stones for the geological obelisk. Mr. Seward M. Savage, E. M., made 
a tour of the Adirondack I'egion to solicit and secure specimens for the 
building stone collection and the geological obelisk. Mr. William G. 
Eberhard, E. M., visited the cpiarries of bluestone and flagstone in 
order to obtain specimens of the same. It is proper here to express 
thanks to Prof. William B. Dwight, of Tassar College, for his laborious 
efforts to secure for the geological oljelisk, stones from the Cambrian for- 
mations of Washington and Dutchess counties, at a time when the winter 
weather made it a matter of great difliculty. 

Mr. Isaac G. Perry, State Commissioner of Public Buildings, deserves 
public recognition for his interest and ability in supplying a very hand- 
some design for the Xew York State Mining Pavihon. 

Economic axd Geolooic Map. 

Since the preceding administrative report was written, the supeiTD- 
tendent of the scientiflc exhibit has been requested to amplify the report 
on the economic minerals of Xew York and to prepare a map to illustrate 
the distribution of the same. As only a few weeks' time is available 
for the amplitication of the report and the preparation of the map, the 
writer has considered it best to gi\'e the most attention to the map 
and to outline very briefly in the text what is at present known about 
the mineral industries of Xew York, giving references to articles bj 
reliable authorities. With this in view the accompanying map has been 
compiled. A geological base was necessary to the pi'uper diflierentia- 
tion of the formations which are of economic importance, and the work 
of preparing this has brought to light serious deficiencies in the knowl- 



316 New Yoki: at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

edge of the geological formations of New York State which have so 
far been placed on record. 

Altliongh New York is tlie mother State in geological nomenclature 
and contains a more complete and extensive series of the formations 
below the carboniferous than any other State, and though the rocks 
have been studied for more than sixty years by professional geologists 
and students, our recorded knowledge of geological detail is far from 
complete. This is especially true of tlie Pre-cambrian formations which 
consist of metamorphic a.nd igneous rocks. This is not, however, 
very remarkable when we consider that accurate methods of rock study 
and classification have had their greatest development since 1873 when 
the microscope was successfully applied to the study of rocks. In 
mapping tlie Pre-cambrian formations of New York the author is, there- 
fore, unable to give any great amount of detail. In Westchester, Put- 
nam and southern Dutchess counties his personal studies during a mim- 
ber of years, with the assistance of Messrs. E. M. Blake and H. Eies, 
have enabled him to differentiate the areas of meta,raoi-phosed palaeozoic 
limestones and schists from the subjacent gneisses which can be traced 
northward through Westchester county and are apparently continuous 
with the stratified beds which rest upon the granitoid g-neies and granite 
of Putnam county. The small scale of the map makes it impossible to 
show the full detail of these narrow belts of rock which owe their 
existence to the folding and erosion which has taken place within that 
region. Within the Pre-cambrian area of Putnam county, which is 
generally known as the " Highlands," in addition to the stratified 
gneisses which contain the beds of magnetite, there are large masses 
of granite which appear along the axes of tlie mountain folds, being- 
flanked by the stratified gneisses. The author regards these as meta- 
morphic granites made plastic in the process of mountain making which 
created the folds in which they occur. No attempt has been made to 
differentiate these granites in the mapping, nor has any field work been 
undertaken with this end in view. The soutliwestern extension of 
this Pre-cambrian area through Rockland and Orange counties into 
New Jersey has precisely the same component rocks and structure. 
Besides the " Highland " Pre-cambrian area just mentioned, there is the 
greater area of the Adirondack wilderness. This is known to include 
two principal formations of Pre-cambrian age. First, an area of meta- 
morphic stratified rocks, extending from Lake Champlain to the Black 
river and from southern Fulton county nearly to the Canadian boundary. 
Secondly, in the eastern part of the wilderness and touching at two 
points the shore of Lake t'haniplain is a mass of basic plutonic rock 
chiefly composed of hypersthene and laljradorite which maj' be called 
norite. In the work of the original Natural History Survey of New 
York, which culminated in the publication of the reports on the four geo- 
logical districts of the*State in 1 842 and 1813, this region was investigated 
by Prof. Ebenezer Emmons. This geologist recognized clearly the strik- 
ing lithological difterences between the massive norite and the stratified 
gneisses which environed it, but gave no accurate description of their 
boundaries, douljtless for want of an accurate map of the wilderness. 
In 1SS3 a map of Essex county by C. E. Hall was published in the 




o 

-J 

> 

< 

o 
z 



z 



Kepokt on thk Mines and Mining Exhibit. 317 

annual report of the State Geologist, wliicli gives approximately the 
hoinularies between the norite and the gneisses. In 1S02 Prof. J. F. 
Kemp, of ("olninliia College, undertook the study of Essex county under 
the auspices of the State Museum, and tlie results of his worlc are 
embodied in the economic map. While Prof. Kemp's observations 
have not been carried around the whole periphery of the plutonic mass, 
they go sufficiently far to show that it occupies but a small part of 
the Adirondack wilderness and can,be inclu.ded in., a circle v of about 
fifty miles diamiter with its center in the vicinity of Keene Valley. 
TTithin this phitonic area are the priiicipal peaks of the Adirondack 
mountain group. Tlie extension of this area into Franklin county as 
shown on tlie map is based on the observations of Ebenezer Emmons. 
The northwestern part of the metamorphic area is believed by Prof. 
James Hall to contain rocks of Huronian age. The study of this region 
is now in the hands of Prof. C. li. Smyth, Jr., of Hamilton College, 
and to him we look for tlie elucidation of this question. He classines 
under the name of Oswegatchie series a group of crystalline limestones 
and gneisses. The geolc'gy of the Adirondack I'egion as given in the 
map is based upon the original work of Ebenezer Emmons and Lardner 
Yanuxem with additions by C. E. Hall, J. F. Kemp and T. G. White 
in Essex county, and by F. J. H. Merrill in Warren and Hamilton 
counties. In St. Lawrence, Jefferson and Lewis counties Prof. Smyth 
has given information concernin<j' the disti'ibution of the gneisses and 
other Pre-cambrian rocks. On the north side of tlie wilderness Prof. 
H. P. Cnshing, of Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio, has been con- 
ducting some field work and has revised the lower boundary of the 
Potsdam in Clinton county. 

An examination of the shores of Lake George was made for the 
Museum in 1891 by Mr. E. M. Blake. 

From the base of the palaeozoic upward the geological formations of 
ISTew York were quite accurately studied in tlie original survey, but 
the work of mapping the boundaries was not veiy carefully done, and 
though at the present time there is much new information in the 
possession of those who have made special studies of these formations, 
but little new material has been published, and it has not been possible 
within the time at the author's disposal to consult those in possession of 
unpublished material. The author's personal observations on the paljeo- 
zoic groups have been chiefly confined to tlie upper and lower Helderberg 
limestones and the strata immediately adjacent to tlieni, in Greene, 
Albany and Schoharie counties and at A'arious points to the westward 
along the principal lines of railway. The principal guide used in the 
preparation of the geological base was the Agricultural and Geological 
map of Xew York, pulilished by authority of the Legislature in ISii. 
In revising the boundaries given on this map the four geological dis- 
trict reports of New York have been carefully studied, and from them 
many corrections have been introduced, although the old map was based 
on the material contained in those reports. This was particularly notice- 
aljle in mapping the outcrop of tlie upper Helderberg limestones, which 
on the old map is sliown far to the northward of Otsego and Schuyler 
lakes, although Yanuxem reported the occurrence of the corniferous 



318 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exi-osition. 

limestone at Richtield Springs, in the town of Springfield at the head 
of Otsego lake and at Cherry Valley ; a similar error occurs in the 
mapping of these limestones in Seneca connty, where they are shown 
in a straight helt betw-een Seneca and Caynga lakes, far to the sonth 
of Seneca ontlet, althongh Prof. James Hall reported the occurrence 
of the npper Helderberg limestone on Seneca outlet west of Waterloo. 
In the new map the two Helderberg limestones have not been differen- 
tiated for three reasons : First, because the scale of the map was too 
small to permit it; second, because the author had not sufficiently 
accurate information to enable him to separate them, and, thirdly, 
because, the map being chiefly economic, it seemed best to represent 
the two limestones in one belt. 

In addition to the text of the reports the following published maps 
have bi'en incorporated: 

Geological maps of Jeft'erson and Clinton counties, by E. Emmons ; 
a geological map of Ontario county, by J. M. Clarke ; a geological map 
of Yates county, by B. II. Wright ; a geological map of Onondaga 
county, by Geo. Geddes ; a sketch maji of the Mohawk ^■alley, by 
James Hall ; a geological map of Washington, Rensselaer and Columbia 
counties, by C. D. A\ alcott ; geological maps of parts of Dutchess and 
Columbia counties, by J. 1). Dana and W. 15. Dwight; a geological map 
of parts of Orange and Ulster counties, by John C. Smock ; a map of 
Richmond County, by N. L. Britton, revised by C. A. Ilollick. The 
work of T. Nelson Dale, in Rensselaer county, has also been used. 
McFarlane's Geological Railway Guide has been freely consulted. To 
Prof. James Hall, State Geologist, the thanks of the author are due for 
infoi'niation concerning the geology of many localities. 

The localities of iron mines are chiefl}' taken from the published 
map of Prof. J. C. Smock. The stone quarries are from Prof. Smock's 
map, with additions by Wm. G. Eberhard, E. M., and Wm. C. 
Clarke, E. M. The clay localities were mapped by Mr. Heinrich Ries, 
the oil pools by Messrs. C. A. Ashburner and D. Van Ingen, the salt 
wells by R. D. White, Jr., C. E., and the gypsum quarries by Wm. 
C. Clarke, E. M. The other mineral localities were mapped by the 
author. 

In pi-eparing the base various practical difticulties liad to be met. 
Among tliese were the lack of accurate information concerning the 
boundaries of the Chemung and Catskill formations in New York, the 
impossibility of undertaking any new field work, and the lack of suffi- 
cient funds to permit of more than fifteen printings in the jii-ess work 
of the map. It has, therefore, been necessary to emphasize the eco- 
nomic character of tiie map rather than the geologic character, to asso- 
ciate in color rocks of similar economic or lithologic features, and for 
lack of inf ormatioti and funds for printing to indicate ■without differen- 
tiation the great mass of sandstones, shales and conglomerates included 
between the base of the Portage and the top of the Catskill. 

When the large geological map of New York, now in p)reparation 
by the State Geologist, is published and distributed, there will be a 
definite expression of opinion on the boundaries of these formations, 
but at present there is no official presentation of the subject. 



Reihikt on TiiK Minks and Mintn(j Exniiiri'. 310 

Tlie map will ho fouiul in llio ]>a('kot of tlii^ conit of tho boolc and 
tlio logoiid will i,'.\[)liiiu the various lints and syndioU iisod. 

Under the head of tho economic niinora.ls of New York may he 
enumerated iron, stone and slate for linildini;- and other pur])oses, clay 
for hrick, terra cotta, drain pijies, et(^, linu^ and ccnu'iit, salt, g'ypsnni 
for fertili>:er, pi^trokniin and natnral n'as, niinei-al paints, tale used in. 
the niainiraetui'o of ])ap(^i', yTaplnte for cmeihk's, pencils and otlier 
uses, l'clds|ia.r for pottery, garnet for sand ])aper, and the seeniini;'ly 
inexliaustihle suppliers of mineral water from the numerous wi^ll known 
spring's. 

In the following pages will he found lists of the specimens exhihited 
and refiu'i'iiccs lo the puhlieations -wliicli ma\' hc^ eonsidted for detailed 
information on the va.ri(His ma^terials. Some geniu'al fax^ts an; given in 
cases where nothing I'ecent has heen ])rinte(l. The materials are 
arranginl in the ordt'r of the otlicial classilicalion as follows: 
Group 42. — Systenaitic eolleetion <jf ndiu^raJs. 

43. — Petroleum. 

44. — Building stones, I'oad metaJ and the geological obelisk. 

45. — Garnet for sand pajjcr. 

4C.— Graphite, clays, (piartz and Fc^ldspar. 

47. — Lime and eemcnit. 

4S. — Salt, gy])sum and mineral waters. 

49. — Iron ores. 



REPOTIT ON TIIK S1\STKMAT1(' COLLKf'TTON OV MIN- 
ERALS KXll IJJITKJ) nV TIIL NLVV YORK STATK 
MUSEUM AT THE WORLD'S COLUM HIAN EXPOSITION. 



By lea M. LUQUER, C. E. 



oitoui' 42. 

All tho minerals exhibited were fi'oni localities in New York Sta,te, 
and wei'e selected fi'om speiumens in the State Museum, ma,ny being 
takcui from the old \>M:k collection. An elT(U't was made lo liave as 
many species as possiljle fi'oni the Slate representetl. 

Tlie minerals were arranged in throe table eases, ten by liv(^ l'e(H,, a,ud 
one wall case, ten l)y seven feet. A s|)eeial case was s(!Ut out fi'oin the 
museum for tlu; exhibition of a. vcu'v kirge a-nd magnilicent spc^'imen 
of green fluorite from McOonib. In the taJile cases the s|icciin(^iis 
were ari'anged on black cardboard mounts, each with its priuteil kthel, 
giving name of species, variiity and locality. At the; head of each 
species was a large label giving its luune, chenncal conipcjsitiou and sys- 
tem of crystallizati(jn. The classili(!ation followed was that used in 
Dima's " Syst(nn of Mineralogy" for the siliciates, ami an econonn'c 
classification for the ores. The specimens in the wall ea.se were placed 
on adjustabk^ iron bi'ack(^ts, after tla^ manner of I lie. new natural IiIht 



320 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition 

tory museum in Vienna. Among tlie large specimens in this ease 
were the immense pyroxene crystals from Chilson Ilili, specimens of 
amphibole, hexagonite, calcite, dolomite, spinel, tourmaline, quartz, cel- 
estite, stil]momelane, mica, iron ores, etc. 

The following suites of mineral in the table cases deserve special 
mention : 

The twinned calcite crystals from Rossie, collected by Prof. E. 
Emmons. These crystals are exceedingly beautiful, and probably the 
best specimens ever collected from this locality belonging to the State 
Museum. No unmodified rhombohedra are found in the collection, 
and simple scaleiioliedra are not common. All the crystals are twimied, 
many being of the most complex form. The twins are usually parallel 
to the basal pinacoid. A peculiar feature of all the crystals is that the 
faces of the unit rhombohedron and the base are roughened, while the 
other faces are highly polished : 

The brown tourmaline crystals fromNewcomb, Essex county. Some 
of the finest dark brown tourmalines yet found have come from this 
locality, and occur in crystalline limestone. Many of the crystals are 
of very large size, and are remarkabl)- fi'osh in appearance. The gen- 
eral habit of the crystals is short and stout, and no new or even rare 
faces have been observed. The brown tourmalines from Gouverneur, 
and the beautiful black tourmalines from Pierrepont, also deserve 
special mention : 

The pyroxene ciTstals from Chilson Hill, Ticonderoga, the site of the 
old graphite mine of the American Graphite Company. These pyrox- 
enes are peculiar on account of their size, inclusions and external 
appearance. Two of the largest crystals ever found in the State, and 
said to be the largest ever found in the world, were exhibited in the 
wall case. The largest measures thirty -six inches in circumference, 
and eighteen inches in length. Both crystals have the prism planes 
perfectly develojjed, the basal planes lacking, and are badly decom- 
posed. Calcite, quartz and graphite appear connnouly as inclusions. 
From this locality must also be mentioned the quartz crystals, which 
have the appearance of being water-worn, or, as denominated by 
Emmons and others, " fused." 

A large suite of Manhattan Island minerals was also exhibited, 
including the rare species, mouazite, xenotime and dumortierite. 

The following minerals were also interesting on account of the num- 
ber and beauty of the specimens : Magnetite crystals from Mineville, 
spinels from Amity, quartz crystals from Herkimer county and other 
localities in the State, rutilesfrom the prison quan-y, Sing Sing, iluorites 
from McComb and harmotomes from Sini"- Sina:. 




o 
z 

Q 



O 

z 



Q 
Z 

< 

z 



IvKl'dlM' iIjN 'nil'; MiNlW AND MiNINd I'ImiIHI'I'. 



;wi 



('ATAl.ddriO <>:•' MiNIOIiAI.S IX Till' 

Alliito (Hi'cli ciillcclicHi); Micldli' (Iriiii- 
vill(\ A\'nshirin'l(iii idiinly. 

Alllili' (licik ccillcrUiil'll; CldWll I'liilll, 
ore hull. I'jsscx (■(iiiiily. 

Albitn-, jMoriiili, Essex couuty. 

Alliilu unci l)i)loiiiil;o; Prison qimiTj', 
Siiij; Sinn', Wcslcluislci' (•ouiity. 

Alliuiili; 1^1; * Ml. JOvc, Orange coiiiily. 

Aniiiliil)olc [2\; , St. Lawi'cnee 

coimly. 

Aiiipliiholc. Trcniolil.c^ ; Kilenville, 
Onuii;'!' ciiuiily. 

Anifiliibdlc, 'rreniolilc ; Slii.i; Sing. 
West.chcsl.cr coiinly. 

Anipliihiilo, 'ri'Piiiolile ; lircwsl.crs 
(Tilly I'^isliT iiiiiic), I'ulniiMi couMly. 

Ain|ilnl)i)lr'. 'rniiHilitc (liiick I'ullcclion) 
[^|; Oiiuvcnicui'. Si. LawroiicL! I'lnnily'. 

.\ni|iliiliiilc, TrciiHiliU! [4J ; Gouvcr- 
Mi'ur. SI. I>;i\vi'('ncc cmiiily'. 

Aiuiiliil)()U'. I'l'cmoliUi ill ('aleili' ; Siiij;' 
Sinn', \Vcslcli(.'sl,cr county. 

Ainiiliiliiilc. TroiiKilite (Heck (•(jIIcc- 
lioii); Ai!iil\-, Orange ecmiity. 

Am|iliilicile, Trcniolile (Ueek ecjllee- 
ticiii); King's JJriilge, ^Vl■sleln■^ter coiinly. 

.\iii]iliilic)le, Treniolito [2] ; Spuria, 
Wi'stclieslcr county. 

Amphibolc, ]le.\agonito |2|; Edwards, 
St. Jjawrciieo county. 

Anipliibole, Aetiiiolile (]5cwk cnllciction); 
Kent, I'lil nam county. 

Aiiipliiliole, Aelino'lil,e(Beck collection); 
Fislikill. Dutchess couiily. 

Aiiipliiliolc, A el i noli I (■'(Heck collection ); 
Sanford .Mine, Ksse.\ couiily. 

Ampliiliide, Aeliiiolite; New York city. 

Aniiiliibole, Asbestiis (Heck eolleelionj; 
Greenwooil Kurnaee, Orange couiily. 

Anijiliibole, .Xsbestus (Beck collection); 
Patterson (near Itogcrs farm), Putnam 
county. 

Aripliilicjle. Asbestiis (Heck collection); 
Qiiiiranline, Hielunond counly. 

Amphibolc, Asbestiis; I'awliiig, Duti'li- 
C88 county. 

Ampliibole, Asbostus [Ii|; Slaten 
Island. 

AniphiboVe, Mountain J,catber; I'nioii- 
ville. \\'est('h(«ler county. 

Ainphibole, Kdenili! |2|; JOdeiiville, 
Orange county. 

Ainiihibole, Kdciiite (lieek coUectiou); 
Edeiiville, Orange counly, 

Ain])liibole. Jvleliite (lieek collection); 
Warwick, Orangi^ <-ouiity. 

Amphibolc; Hornblende; lOasI Hussell, 
St. Jjawn'nci^ county. 

Amphibolc, Jlori'ibleiide [:ij; Picrrc- 
pont, St. Lawrence county. | 



Niow ^'(iitK Sdiio.x rii''i(i l<!xiiiiiii'. 

Ainphibole, Ibuiiblendc |;t| (Heck col- 
leclioii); lOdeiivilh', ( )r:iiigc eiiuni v, 

,\mphibolc, Ib.rnbleiule; Kilenvillis 
Orangi' county. 

Ainpliiboli', lloniblendi^; Clark's ilill. 

,\mpliibolc. Hornblende |2| (lieek col- 
lection); Alonroe, Orange county, 

Ain|)liibole, lloniblendn |T|; MiUH'oo, 
Orange eoiiiil \. 

Ainphibole,' I loriilili'iidc (H.'ck ollee- 
lion); (Irass J'<iinl. Hoekliiinl cdiinl \ . 

Aniiihibole, lloriiblcmle in (piartz; 
St, Jjawrenee counly. 



Amiiliibole, Hornblende \2\; , 

St, liawrcne.o counly, 

Ainphibole, Hornblende (lieek collee- 
tioii); Aniitv, Orange I'oimtv. 

Aiii]iliibole, Hornblende;' Di'Kalb, St. 
Lawrence counly. 

Amphibolc, llonililcnde (Heck collec- 
tion); Warwick, Orange <!ounty, 

Ampliibole, Hornblende (lieek collec- 
tion); Gouverneur, St. Lawriiiice county, 

Ain|)liibole, Hornblende; Edwards, St. 
Lawrence counly. 

.\niphibolc, I'argasiU! (lieek eolleetioii); 
Uossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Am]iliiliole, Hydrous yVnthophyllito 
(Heck colleclion); 'iS'cw 'S'ork islniid. 

Ampliibole, Hydrous .\nlliopliy llile |2]; 
New York city. 

,'\iihydrile; Lockporl, Niagara county. 

Aiikerite |2|; Lockporl., Niagara county. 

Ankerite and Hematite; Antwerp, .lef- 
I'erson (bounty. 

Apatite |ii] ; Uossie, St, Lauriiieo 
counly. 

Apalite (Heck colleclion); Uossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Apatite (lieek collection); iMoriali (;.;d 
Hall mine), Essex counly. 

Apatite (Heck colleclion); Diana. Li^wis 
(•ouiily. 

Apalile[4]; , St. Lawrcm c roiiiily. 

Apatite; New York city. 

Apalite, Eupyrcliroite (lieek colleclion); 
Crown P(jint, i'lssex eouiily. 

A pal lie, lOupyri'hroiU! \'Z\; ( 'rown I'oiiil, 
Essex county. 

.■\|jalile; Pichville, St. Lawreiii;e 
county, 

.\popliyllit.e; Tilly l''o,sl,i-r mine, Put- 
nam county, 

Arseiiopyritc (Heck eiillei'lioii); l';d<;n- 
ville. Orange county, 

liiirite; Nortli(M-ii New York. 

Biirile [2|; Wliitson's, Westchester 
county. 

Harite (licck collectioji); Kossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 



The niinieral allacln il indicates llic numbi'r of spi^ciniens. 
4! 



322 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Barite; Bicliville, St. Lawrence county. 

Barite; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence 
count}'. 

Barite; DeKalb, St. Lawrence county. 

Barite; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Beryl; Monroe, Orange county. 

Beryl; Fort George. New York city. 

Beryl; New York citj'. 

Biotite; Monroe (Clove mine), Orange 
county. 

Biotite [2]; Edenville, Orange county. 

Biotite; Crown Point, Essex county. 

Biotite (Beck collection); Monroe, 
Orange count}'. 

Brookite; Ellenville, Ulster county. 

C'alcite (Beck collection); Oxbow, Jef- 
ferson county. 

Calcite; Sing Sing, Westchester county. 

Calcite; Oxbow, Jefferson county. 

Calcite; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Calcite (Beck collection); Amity, Orange 
county. 

Calcite; Watertown, Jefferson county. 

Calcite; Lockport, Niagara county. 

Calcite; Oxbow, Jefferson county. 

Calcite; Cornwall, Orange county. 

Calcite (Beck collection); Catskill, 
Greene county. 

Calcite; Crescent (Dansbach's quarry), 
Saratoga county. 

Calcite; Middleville, Herkimer county. 

Calcite, Quartz and Bitumen; Middle- 
ville, Herkimer county. 

Calcite; Amity, Orange count}'. 

Calcite and Dolomite [3]; Lockport, 
Niagara county. 

Calcite; Natural Bridge, Jefferson 
county. 

C'alcite; Anthony's Nose, Westchester 
county. 

Calcite [2]; New Y'ork city. 

Calcite [2]; McComb, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Calcite (Beck collection); Camillus, 
Onondaga county. 

Calcite; Sing Sing, Westchester county. 

Calcite; Sparta, Westchester county. 

Calcite inclosing Galenite; Rossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Calcite (Beck collection); Gouverneur, 
St. Lawrence count}'. 

Calcite [52] (Beck collection); Rossie, 
St. Lawrence county. 

C'alcite and Dolomite; Spraker's Basin. 

Calcite and Quartz, Middleville, Herki- 
mer county. "^ 

Calcite [5]; Rossie, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Calcite [7]; Oxbow, Jefferson county. 

Calcite (Simms collection); Howe's 
Cave, Schoharie county. 

Calcite and Celestite [4]; Rossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Calcite; , St. Lawrence county. 



Calcite [2]; Rondout, Ulster county. 

Calcite; Tilly Foster mine, Putnam 
county. 

Calcite; Pitcairn, St. Lawrence county. 

Calcite ; Antwerp, Jefferson county. 

Calcite [2] ; Lockport, Niagara county. 

Calcite (Beck collection) ; Haverstniw 
(Tompkins quarry). 

Calcite, Dog-tooth spar [6] ; Lockport, 
Niagara county. 

Calcite, Stalactite coated with Limote ; 
Mineville, Essex county. 

Calcite, Stalactite (Simms collection); 
Ball's cave, Schoharie county. 

Calcite, Stalagmite (Simms collection) ; 
Ball's cave, Schoharie county. 

Calcite, Stalactite ; Howe's Cave, Scho- 
harie county. 

Calcite, Stalactite and Stalagmite (Geb- 
hard collection) ; New York. 

Calcite, Stalactite (Simms collection) ; 
Ball's cave, Schoharie county. 

Calcite, Calc Tufa incrusting moss 
(from John Skinner) ; Mohawk, Herkimer 
county. 

Calcite, Calc Tufa (Beck collection) ; 
Jamesvilie, Onondaga county. 

Celestite ; New York city. 

Celestite (Beck collection) ; Stark, Her- 
kimer county. 

Celestite ; Lockport, Niagara county. 

Celestite (Emmons collection) ; Rossie, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Celestite [3]; Lockport, Niagara county. 

Chabazite ; New Y'ork city. 

Chalcopyrite (Beck collection) ; Ellen- 
ville, Ulster county. 

Chalcopyrite in Calcite ; Rossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Chalcopyrite (Beck collection) ; Shaw- 
angunk mine. 

Chalcopyrite and Malachite (Beck col- 
lection) ; Muscalonge Lake, Jefferson 
county. 

Chalcopyrite; Ellenville, Ulster county. 

Chalcopyrite and Malachite ; Canton, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Chalcopyrite and Quartz ; Ellenville, 
Ulster county. 

Chalcopyrite, Quartz and Brookite ; 
Edenville, Orange county. 

Chlorite and Menaccanite ; New York 
city. 

Chondrodite [T]; Brewsters (Tilly Foster 
mine), Putnam county. 

Chondrodite and Spinel (Beck collec- 
tion) ; Amity, Orange county, 

Chondrodite (Beck collection) ; , 

Putnam county. 

Chondrodite and Spinel (Beck collec- 
tion) ; Edenville, Orange coimty. 

Chondrodite ; Brewsters, Putnam 
county. 

Chondrodite [2]; Amity, Orange county. 

Chondrodite and Spinel; Amity, Orange 
count V. 



Eepoet ox the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 



323 



[3]; 


Edenvillc 


Orauge 


[3] 


; Amity, 


Orange 


m; 


Brewsters, 


Putnam 



Chondrodite 
county. 

Chondrodite 
county. 

Chondrodite [2] 
county. 

Chondrodite ; Schroon. Essex county. 
Chromite (Beck collection) ; Rye, West- 
chester county. 

Chrysoberyl [2] (Beck collection) ; 
Greenfield. Saratoga county. 
Clinochlore ; Amity, Orange county. 
Columbite [2] ; New York city. 
Columhite ; Fort George, New York 
city. 

Copper ; Canton, St. Lawrence county. 

Corundum, Ruby (Beck collection) ; 
Warwick, Orange county. 

Danburite [4]; Russell, St. Lawrence 
count}'. 

Dolomite and Calcite, Dog-tooth spar ; 
Little Falls, Herkimer county. 

Dolomite (Beck collection) ; Lockport, 
Niagara county. 

Dolomite (Beck collection); Little Falls, 
Herkimer count}-. 

Dolomite [2] ; Sing Sing, Westchester 
county. 

Dolomite and Calcite, Dog-tooth spar ; 
Lockport, Niagara county. 

Dolomite and Calcite ; Sing Sing, 
Westchester county. 

Dolomite [5] ; Lockport, Niagara 
coimty. 

Dolomite, Gurhofite (Beck collection) ; 
Quarantine, Richmond county. 

Dolomite, Gurhofite (Beck collection) ; 
Phillipstown, Putnam county. 

Diimortierite ; Neiv York city. 

Epidote [2] (Beck collection ) ; C'armel, 
Putnam county. 

Epidote, Oligoclase and Hornblende ; 
Fort George. New York city. 

Epidote [2] (Beck collection) ; Tiron- 
deroga, Esse.x county. 

Epidote (Beck collection) ; Harlem, 
New York city. 

Epidote (Beck collection) ; Monroe, 
Orange county. 

Epidote [3] ; New York city. 

Feldspar (Beck collection) ; Warwick, 
Orange county. 

Feldspar, •Plagioclase (Beck collection); 
Warwick, Orange county. 

Fluorite (Beck collection) ; Schoharie, 
Schoharie county. 

Fluorite and Clialcopyrite ; Muscalonge 
L:>ke, St. Lawrence count}'. 

Fluorite (Beck collection) ; ^Maulius, 
Onondaga county. 

Fluorite ; Lowville, Lewis couuty. 

Finorite; Rossie (Victoria mine), St. 
Liwrence county. 

Fluorite; .St. Lawrence county. 

Fluorite ; Muscalonge Lake, Jefferson 
county. 



Galenite [2] ; Rossie, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Galenite and Sphalerite (Beck collec- 
tion) ; Flat Creek, Montgomery county. 

Galenite ; Mt. Hope (Empire vein). 

Galenite and Calcite (Beck collection) ; 
Rossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Galenite [3] (Beck collection) ; Rossie, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Galenite [2] (Beck collection) ; Wurts- 
boro, Sullivan county. 

Garnet (Beck collection) ; Yonkers, 
Westchester county. 

Garnet and Hornblende Amphibole [3]; 
Thurman, Warren county. 

Garnet (Beck collection) ; West Farms, 
Westchester county. 

Garnet (Beck collection) ; Dover (Stone 
Church), Dutchess county. 

Garnet and Epidote (Beck collection) ; 
, Essex county. 

Garnet ; Willsborough, Essex county. 

Garnet (Beck collection) ; Monroe, 
Orange county. 

Garnet (Beck collection); Rogers' Rock, 
Essex county. 

Garnet ; , St. Lawrence county. 

Garnet in Mica Schist ; , St. 

Lawrence county. 

Garnet, Colophonite ; Willsborough, 
Essex count}'. 

Garnet [i] ; New York city. 

Garnet ; North Creek, Warren county. 

Garnet on Orthoclase ; New York city. 

Garnet ; Thurman, Warren county. 

Gibbsite (Beck collection) ; Unionville, 
Dutchess county. 

Graphite ; Saratoga, Saratoga county. 

Graphite in Primar}' Limestone ; Port 
Henry, Essex county. 

Graphite (Beck collection); Port Henry, 
Essex county. 

Graphite; Johusburgh, Warren county. 

Graphite ; 3Ioriah, Essex county. 

Graphite (Beck collection) ; Ticon- 
deroga (.Vrthur's mine), Essex county. 

Graphite (Beck collection) ; Fisbkill, 
Dutchess county. 

Graphite (Beck collection) ; Rogers' 
Rock, Essex county. 

Graphite; Jobnsburgh (A. Noble's farm), 
Warren county. 

Graphite and Calcite; Ticondemga, Es- 
sex county. 

Graphite; Ticonderoga, Essex county. 

Gypsum (Beck collection); Camillus, 
Onondaga county. 

Gypsum and Dolomite; Lockport. Ni- 
agara county. 

Gypsum (Beck collection); Stark, Her- 
kimer county. 

Gypsum; , Onondaga county. 

Gypsum (Beck collection); Lockport, 
Niagara county. 

Gypsum ancl Calcite. Dog-tooth spar; 
Lockport, Niagara county. 



32i New Yokk at the World's Coi.umbiax Exposition. 



G^'psum, Seleuite (Beck collectiou); 
Lockport, Niagara county. 

Gypsum [water-'svorn] (Beck collec- 
tion); , Onondaga county. 

Gypsum (Beck collection); Lenox, 
Madison county. 

Gypsum; Auburn. 

Gypsum. Selonite (Beck collection); 
Syracuse, Onondaga county. 

Gypsum. Selenite; , Wayne 

county. 

Gypsum, Selenite (Beck collection); 
, Onondaga county. 

Gypsum, Selenite; . Onondaga, 

county. 

Gypsum, Seleuite (Beck collection); 
O'lieil mine, Orange count}'. 

Harmotome [3]; near Sing Sing, West- 
chester count}'. 

Hematite and Stiliiuomelane Clialcodite 
(J. S. Consley); fterliug mine, Jefferson 
county. 

Heinatite (Clark mine); Rossie, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Hematite; DeKalb, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Hematite; Clinton, Oneida county. 

Hematite; , St. Lawrence county. 

Hematite and Quartz; Potsdam, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Hematite, Quartz and Ankerite (Beck 
collection); Antwerp, Jefferson county. 

Hematite, Specular Iron and Magnet- 
ite; Arnold vein, Clinton county. 

Hematite, Specular Iron [3] (Beck col- 
lection); Fowler, St. Lawrence county. 

Hematite, Specular Iron; Arnold mine, 
Essex county. 

Hematite, Specular Iron and Jasper 
(Beck collection); Arnold miije, Essex 
county. 

Hematite, Specular Iron (Beck collec- 
tion); EdA\-ards, St. Lawrence county. 

Hematite, Fossil Ore; Ontario (Jones 
bed), Wayne county. 

Hematite, JIartite (Beck collection); 
Adirondacks. 

Hematite, Marti te (Beck collection); 
Monroe (Sterling mine). Orange county. 

Heulandite; Wliitsou's, Westchester 
county. 

Houghite and Serpentine (Beck collec- 
tion); Somerville, St. Lawrence county. 

Indurated Bitumen (Beck collection); 
S. S. Whitman's sandstone quarry, Her- 
kimer county. 

Indurated Bitumen in Calcareous Sand- 
stone (Beck collection); Little Falls, Her- 
Idmer county. 

Labradoritc; Essex county. 

Labradorite; Mt. JIarcy. 

Labradoritc [3]; iloriah, Essex county. 

Labradorite (Beck collection); H.nmp- 
tonburg. Orange covmty. 

Labradorite (Beck collection); New- 
comb, Essex county. 



Labradorite (Beck collection); Lewis 
Corners, Essex county. 

Leucopyrite and Oiigoclase; Edenville, 
Orange county. 

Leucopyrite [2] (Beck collection); Eden- 
ville, Orange county. 

Leucopyrite [3]; Edenville, Orange 
county. 

Lignite; Staten Island. 

Limonite; Ancram (Morgan mine), Co- 
lumbia count}'. 

Limonite [4] (Bed' collection) ; , 

Dutchess county. 

Limonite (Beck collection) ; , 

Jefferson count}'. 

Ijimonite ; Clove Valley (Clove mine), 
Dutchess countv. 

Limonite [3]"; Sylvan Lake (Fishkill 
mine), Dutchess county. 

Limonite ; j\It. Riga mine, Dutchess 
count}'. 

Limonite ; Amenia. Dutchess count}'. 

Limonite ; Copake (Copake mine), 
Columbia county. 

Limonite, Bog Ore (Beck collection) ; 
Ed':nville, Orange county. 

Limonite, Bog Ore (Beck collection) ; 
Gouverncur (Spencer's farm). 

Magnetite (Beck collection) ; Averill 
ore bed, Essex county. 

Magnetite ; Mineville (Barton Hill 
mine), Essex county. 

Magnetite (100 feet below surface) 
(from Gov. Clark) (Beck collection) ; 
Clinton Prison, Clinton count}'. 

Magnetite [3] (Beck collection) ; Essex 
count}'. 

Magnetite and Hematite Specular Iron; 
New York, 

JIagnetite ; Palmer Hill (J. & J. Rogers 
Iron Co.), Clinton county. 

Magnetite ; Tilly Foster mine, Putnam 
county. 

Magnetite and Epidote ; Croft mine, 
Putnam coimty. 

Magnetite (Beck collection) ; O'Neil 
mine. Orange countv. 

Magnetite [3] ; Mineville (Barton Hill), 
Essex county. 

Magnetite ; New York city. 

Jlagnetite ; Jlineville (Mine 31, Port 
Heniy Iron Ore Co.), Essex county. 

Magnetite ; Newcomb, Essex count}'. 

M:ignetite (Nolan shaft) ; Mineville 
(Port" Henry Iron Ore Co,), Essex 
county. 

JIaguctite (Little Joker shaft) ; Mine- 
ville (W., S. & Co.), Essex count}'. 

Magnetite ; Jloriah, Essex county. 

Magnetite and Apatite (Nolan shaft) ; 
Jlinevillc (Port Henr}' Iron Ore Co.), 
Essex county. 

Magnetite and Jenkinsite ; O'Neil mine. 
Orange county. 

JIagnetite (Little Joker shaft) ; Mine- 
ville (W., S. & Co.), Essex county. 




oi 
O 
> 

Z 

u. 
O 



< 



< 
S 



-J 



Report on thk Mines and Mining Exhibit. 



325 



Magnetite ; Hammondsville, Essex 
ccuiity. 

^Magnetite (Beck collection) ; O'Neil 
mine, ]\Iouroe, Orange county. 

Magnetite ; Hammondsville (Mine No. 
4, C. P. Iron Co.). Essex county. 

!Magnetite ; Putnam, AVashiugton 
county. 

JIagnetite [2] ; Mincville, Essex county. 

JLignetite (dendritic markings); jNIiddle 
Granville, 'Washington county. 

^Magnetite showing Slickensides (E. B. 
■Wilson) ; Sterling, Orange county. 

lilagnctitc, Titanii'erous ; Russell 
(Smith farm), St. Lawrence county. 

Magnelite, Titaniferous ; Kewoomb 
(Lake Sanford), Essex count_y. 

Malachite (Beck collection) ; Phillips- 
town, Putnam countj'. 

Malachite; New "i'ork cit}'. 

Menaccanite (Beck collection) ; War- 
wick, Orange county. 

Menaccanite [2] ; New York citJ^ 

Menaccanite and C'hondrodite ; War- 
wick, Orange county. 

Menaccanite in Quartz (Beck collection); 
Cornwall, Orange county. 

Microcline ; Pitcairn. 

Microcline [3] ; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Jlillerite, Hematite and Quartz ; Ant- 
werp. Jefferson county. 

Jlillente ; Antwerp, Jefferson count}'. 

Molybdenite; New York city. 

Monazite; New York city (One Hun- 
dred and Fifty-fifth street and Tenth 
avenue). 

Moonstone ; Newcomb, Essex county. 

^Muscovite (Beck collection) ; Gouver- 
neur. Orange count}'. 

JIuscovite (Beck collection); AYarwick, 
Orange county. 

Musco\'ite; Yonkers, Westchester 
county. 

iluscovite, New York city. 

Muscovite [o]; New York city. 

Muscovite on Qu;irtz; New York city. 

Muscovite; AVilson's, Westchester 
county. 

■ Muscovite (Beck collection); Edenville, 
Orange county. 

Muscovite; Fort George, N. York city, 

JIuscovite on Doloraiie; Sing Sing 
(piison quarrj'), Westcbesler count}-. 

Muscovite; Sing Sing (prison cpiarry), 
Westchester county. 

Natrolite; Fort 'Montgomery. Orange 
county. 

Oligoclase; New York city. 

Oligoclase, Tourmaline and Quartz; 
New York city. 

Oligoclase; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Orthoclase; Crown Point. Esse.x county. 

Orthoclase (Beck collection); ,Monroe 
(Rich iron mine). Orange county. 



Orthoclase (Beck collection); Diana, 
Lewis county. 

Orthoclase [3] (Beck collection); Yonk- 
ers, AA''estchester county. 

Orthoclase; Sing Sing, Westchester 
county, 

Orthoclase; Ticouderoga (Mt. Hope), 
E.s.sex county. 

Orthoclase [(!]; New York city. 

Orthoclase (Beck collection); Putnam, 
Washington county. 

Orthoclase (Beck collection); Rogers' 
Rock, Essex county. 

Orthoclase (Beck collection) Alexandria 
Bay, Jefferson county. 

Orthoclase; Hammond (DeLong's Mill), 
St. Lawrence county. 

Oxide of Manganese (Beck collection); 
Hillsdale, Columbia county. 

Oxide of Manganese [3]; , Orange 

county. 

Oxide of Manganese; Union ville, 
Dutchess county. 

Peat; Greenfield, Saratoga county. 

Pectolite (Beck collection); Piermont, 
Rockland county. 

Phlogopite; (j.xbow, Jefferson county. 

Phlogopite [3]; Natural Bridge, Jeffer- 
son county. 

phlogopite; , St. Lawrence 

count}'. 

Phlogopite; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Phlogopite (Beck collection); Gouver- 
neur, St. Lawrence county. 

Phlogopite; Monroe, Orange county. 

Phlogopite [2] (Beck collection); Ox- 
bow. .Jefferson county. 

Phlogopite; Pope's Mill, St. Lawrence 
count}'. 

Phlogopite: A^rooman's Luke, 

Phlogopite (Beck collection); Edwards, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Phlogopite (Beck collection); Somcr 
ville, St. Lawrence county. 

Phlogopite [2]; Natural Bridge, Jeffer- 
son county. 

Phlogopite (Beck collection); New 
Rochellc, Westchester counly. 

Finite, Gieseekite; Natural Bridge, 
Jefferson county. 

Pyrite in Dolomite; New York city 
(King's Bridge ship canal). 

Pyrite on Stilbitc; New York city. 

Pyrite (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis 
count}'. 

Pyrite (Beck collection); Schoharie, 
Schoharie count}'. 

Pyrite (Beck collection); New York 
(Hudson river). 

Pyrite; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Pyrite (Beck collection); Parisli Ore bed. 

Pyrite ; Albany (Park ave. ), Albany 
county, 

Pyrite; Fort George, New York city. 

Pyrite [3]; ■ — , Ulster county. 



326 



Nkw Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Pyrite (Beck collection); , "Ulster 

counly. 

P_vrite; Kossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Pyrite; Newcomb, Essex county. 

Pyrite [3]; Sing Sing, Westchester 
county. 

. Pyrite (Beck collection); Martinsburg, 
Lewis county. 

Pyroxene; , St. Lawrence county. 

l^yroxene; Monroe, Orange county. 

Pyroxene; Diana, Lewis county. 

Pyro.xene; Amity, Orange county. 

PjToxene and Dolomite; Sing Sing, 
Westchester county. 

P3'roxene [4]; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Pyroxene [5]; East Russell, St. Law- 
rence county. 

Pyroxene; , Orange county. 

Pyroxene; , St. Lawrence county. 

Pyroxene; Long Pond, Esse.x county. 

Pyroxene; Jloriah. Essex county. 

Pyroxene (Beck collection); Edcnville, 
Orange county. 

Pyroxene [2] ; Jlouroe, Orange county, 

Pyroxene [4]; 
Hill), Essex county. 

Pj'roxene (Beck collection); Monroe 
(Greenwood Furnace), Orange county. 

Pyroxene ; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Pyroxene (Beck collection); AVarwick, 
Orange county. 

Pyroxene, var. Diop.side [4]; De Ivalb, 
St. Lawrence count}'. 

Pyroxene, vai-. Coccolite [2]; Long- 
Pond, Orange county. 

Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck collec- 
tion) ; Monroe (Two Ponds), Orange 
county. 

Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck collec- 
tion); Phillipstowu, Putiiam county. 

Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck col- 
lection); Greenwood Furnace, Orange 
county. 

Pyroxene, var. Hudsouite (Beck col- 
lection); Cornwall, Orange county. 

P3'rrhotite and Anipbibole, var. Horn- 
blende; Lake Jlahopac (Mahopac mine), 
Putnam county. 

Py rrhotite (Beck collection); Port Henry, 
Essex county. 

Pyrrhotite (Beck collection); Anthony's 
Nose, Putnam county. 

Pyrrhotite in Dolomile; King's Bridge 
ship canal, New York city. 

Quartz (Beck collection); Little Falls, 
HerUinier county. -^ 

Quartz; Little Falls, Herkimer county. 

Quartz [2] (Beck collection); Lewis 
Corners. Essex county. 

Quartz; Diamond Island (Lake George). 

Quartz; , St. Lawrence county. 

Quartz [2]; Sing Sing, Westches'ter 
county. 

Quartz [8]; Middleville, Ulster county. 



Quartz; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. 

Quartz; Ed\vards, St. Lawrence county. 

Quartz (Beck collection); Diamond 
Point, Warren counly. 

Quartz (Beck collection); Lewis, Essex 
county. 

Quartz [2] (Beck collection); Rossie, St. 
Lawrence count}'. 

Quartz; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. 

Quartz [C]; EUenville, Lister county. 

Quartz and Hematite; Antwerp (Ster- 
ling mine), Jefferson county. 

Quartz [3]; Middleville, Herkimer 
county. 

Quartz; South Troy, Rensselaer county. 

Quartz [4]; ■ , Herkimer comity. 

Quartz (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis 
county. 

Quartz [?]; Ticonderoga (Chilson Hill), 
Esse.x county. 

Quartz and Hematite, var. Specular 
Iron; Fowler, St. Lawrence counly. 

QuaTtz; Statcn Island (Iron mine), Rich- 
mond county. 

Quartz; Antwerp, Jefferson county. 

Quartz on Jasper; Staten Island, Rich- 
mond county. 

Quartz; Staten Island (Iron mine), Rich- 
mond county. 

Quartz; Parish Ore bed, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Quartz [7]; , St. Lawrence 

count}'. 

Quartz and Chalcopyrite (Beck collec- 
tion); EUenville. Ulster county. 

Quartz on Dolomite; Sing Sing, West- 
chester county. 

Quartz [5]; New Baltimore, Greene 
county. 

Quartz; Lansingburgli, Rensselaer 
county. 

Quartz (Beck collection); Warwick, 
Orange county. 

Quartz, vjir. " 
Essex county. 

Quartz, var. 



Chester county 
Quartz, var. 

Essex county. 
Quartz, var. 

York city. 
Quartz, var. 



. Rose quartz; Crown Point, 
Rose quartz, , "West- 



Rose c^uartz; Port Henr}', 
Smok}' quartz [2]; New 



Smoky quartz; Sing Sing, 
Westchester county. 

Quartz, var. Smoky quartz; jMoriah, 
Essex county. 

Quartz, var. Slilky quartz; , 

Schuyler count}'. 

Quartz (Beck collection), var. Chryso- 
prase; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. 

Quartz, var. Chalcedony; Lead !Mine. 

Quartz, var. Agate; Saratoga, Saratoga 
county. 

Quartz, var. Hornstone; Edcnville, Ul- 
ster county. 

Quartz, var. Hornstone (Beck collec- 
tion); Sprakers, Montgomery county. 



Heport ox Tin-; TJikios and ]\riNiK(; Emihut. 



327 



Quartz, var. Touchstouc; iScboharie, 
Schoharie couuly. 

Quartz, var. Jasper (Beck collection); 
AVarwick, Oraugc county. 
Uipidolite; New York city. 
Ripidolite; Ih-ewstcrs (Tilly Fester 
mine), Putn;ini county. 

Kutile in AVerucrite; Kew York city. 
Rutilein Dolomite [C]; Sing Sing, West- 
chester county. 

Rutilc, Sinii' Sing, West Chester county. 
Serpentine (Beck collection); Kossie, St. 
Lawrence couuty. 

Serpentine; • , !■ t. Lawrence 

county. 

Scrijcntine; O'Keil mine. Orange 
county. 

Serpentine (Sinims collection); Staten 
Island. 

Serpentine [2] (Beck collection); Rye, 
Westchester county. 

Serpentine [aj (Beck collection); New 
Eochelle, AVestelicstir county. 

Serpentine (Beck collcctioni; Warwick, 
Orange county. 

Serpentine [2] (Beck collection); Phil- 
lipstown, Putnam coimty. 

Serpentine; Edwards, St. Lawrence 
county. 

tjerpentine; Kew Y'ork city. 
Serpentine; Phillipstown, Putnam 
county. 

Gerpcntine and JIagnetite (Beck collec- 
tion); Jlonroe (new mine). Orange count}-. 
Serpentine (Beck collection); Syracuse, 
Onondaga county. 
Serpentine; Oxbow, Jefferson county. 
Serpentine; Gouverueur, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Serpentine (Beck collection); Diana, 
Lewis county. 

Serpentine, var. JIarmolite (Beck col- 
lection); New Rochelle, Westchester 
county. 

Serpentine, var. Jlnrmolite (Beck col- 
lection); Rye, Westcliester county. 

Serpentine, var. Marmolite [SJ; Tilly 
Foster mine, Putnam county. 

Serpentine, var. C'hry.sotilc; Phillips- 
town, Putnam county. 

Serpentine, var. Picrolite; Tilly Foster 
mine, Putnam county. 

S;-rp •ntine. Serpentine marble; East 
Mori.ih, E.sse.\ county. 

Serpentine, Seri.entine marble [2]; Port 
Henry, E.sse.v county. 

Serpentine, Serpentine marble (Beck 
colle!:l!on); Amity, Orange county. 

Seriientine. Seri)entine marble (Beck 

collcctioni; Pitcairn, St. Lawicnce county. 

Serpentine, .S'rpenline niiirblc (Beck 

colUv-lion); Ro.ssie, St, Lawrence counlv. 

Seybcrtite, var, Clintonite; ^\■arwi(•l<, 

Orange county, 

Seybcrtite, var. Cliutonite [4]; Amity, 
Orange county. 



Kiderile; Amenia(Amenianiine), Dutch- 
ess count)'. 

Siderite [2] (Beck collection); Antwerp, 
Jeiferson county. 

Siderite [2]; Burden (Jit, Thomas), 
Columbia county, 

Sidtrite; Greenport (Plass Hill), Colum- 
bia county. 

Siderite [2]; Parish mine, St. Lawrence 
couuty. 

Sillimanite; Y'orktown, AVestchester 
county. 

Sillimanite; Y'orktown, Westchester 
county. 

Sphalerite; Rossie, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Sphalerite, Dolomite and Calcite (Beck 
collection); Lockijort, Niagara county. 

Sphalerite [2]; Lockport, Niagara 
couiitv. 

Sphalerite [2] (Beck collection); AVurts- 
boro. !-'uIli\an county. 

S[ihalerile in Trenton slate (Beck col- 
lection); Spraker's Basin, Montgomery 
county. 

Sphalerite (Beck collection); EUenville, 
Lister county. 



Splialerite 
county. 

ypii;el (Becli 
Orange county. 

Spinel; 



Sing Sing, AVestchester 
collection) ; !Moiu'oe, 



Orange county. 

Spinel; ne.ar Monroe, Orange countj'. 

Spinel in Serpentine; Edenville, Orange 
count)'. 

Spind [2]; jMonroe, Orange county. 

Spinel and Chondrodite (Beck collec- 
tion); Amity, Orange couuty. 

Spinel [2j (Beck collection); Edenville, 
Orange county. 

Spinel [2] (Beck collection); Amity, 
Orange county. 

Spinel and Aniphibole, var. Hornblende; 
Alonroe, Orange county. 

Staurolite and Garnet; New A'ork city. 

Stilbite [21; New York city. 

Stilbite; PeeUskill, AVestchester county. 

Stilbite in Granite, etc. (Beck collection); 
New A'ork (Harlem tunnel). 

Stilbite (Beck collection); Peekskill, 
AVestchester county. 

Stilbite [2]; AVhitson's, AVestchester 
couuty. 

Stilpnonielane, var. Chalcodite [3]; 
(Beck collection); Antwerp, Jeffer.son 
count 3'. 

Strontianite (Beck collection); Antwerp, 
Jefl!er.scin county. 

Strontianite; Schoharie, Schoharie 
county. 

Sulphur in Gypsum (collection of 
K. B. Howland); Springport, Cayuga 
county. 

Talc; Edwards, St, Lawrence count)'. 

Talc [2]; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. 

Talc; New A'ork city. 



328 



New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Talc [3] (Beck collection); Peckville, 
DutcbesH county. 

Talc (Beck collection); four miles from 
Quarantine, Richmond county. 

Talc and Fluorite; Amity, Orange 
county. 

Talc; Sing Sing (Sparta quarry), West- 
chester county. 

Talc, vav. Steatite; Monroe, Orange 
county. 

Talc, var. Renssclaerite (Beck collec- 
tion); Oxbow, Jellerson county. 

Talc, var. Renssclaerite; Oxbow, Jef- 
ferson county. 

Talc, var. Renssclaerite [4] ; Edwards, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Talc, var. Renssclaerite [2] ; Fowler, 
St. Lawrence county. 

Titanite [2] (Beck collection) ; Monroe, 
Orange county. 

Titanite; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Titanite and Amphibolc, var. Horn- 
blende; New York city. 

Titanite (Beck collection) ; Rogers' 
Rock, Essex county. 

Titanite [3] ; Diana, Lewis county. 

Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; War- 
wick, Orange county. 

Tourmaline; High Island, St. Law- 
rence county. 

Tourmaline [8] ; New York city. 

Tourmaline [3] ; Gouverneur, St. Law- 
rence county. 

Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; Chester, 
Essex county. 

Tom-maline [5] ; , Essex county. 

Tourmaline [5J (Beck collection) ; De 
Kalb, St. La wreifce' county. 

Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; High 
Island, St. Lawrence county. 

Tovirnialine and Quanta;, Eierrepont, St. 
Lawrence county. 

Tourmaline; f'rench Mountain, Orange 
county. 

Tourmaline ; De Kalb, St. liawvence 
county. 

Tourmaline [9] ; Pierrepont, St. Law- 
rence county. 

Tourmaline [5] (Beck collection) ; Gouv- 
erneur, St. Lawrence county. 

Tourmaline ; Croton, Westchester 
county. 

Tourmaline [14] ; Newcomb, Essex 
county. 

Tourmaline [2]; Minerva, Essex county. 

Vesuviauite [2] (Beck collection) ; Ant- 
werp, Jefferson county. 

Vcsuvianite; Edenvilfc, Orange count}'. 

Vesuvianite [2] (Beck collection) ; 
Amity, Orange county. 



Vesuvianite, var. Xauthite [3] ; Amity, 
Orange county. 

Warwickite (Beck collection) ; War- 
wick, Orange county. 

Warwickite [3] ; Edenville, Orange 
county. 

Werneritc [4] ; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Wernerite ; New York city. 

Werncrite (Beck collection) ; Duane, 
Franklin count}'. 

Wernerite; Iveene, Essex county. 

AVernerite ; Long Pcnd, Essex county. 

Wernerite [2] ; jMouroe, Orange count}'. 

Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Gouver- 
neur, St. Lawrence county. 

Wernerite [2]; Newcomb, Essex count}'. 

Wernerite [2] ; Ticonderoga (Chilson 
Hill), Essex county. 

Wernerite (Beck collection); Schroon, 
Essex county. 

Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Diana, 
Lewis county. 

Wernerite and Pyroxene (Beck collec- 
tion) ; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. 

Wernerite and Titanite (Beck collection); 
No. 14 township, Warren count}'. 

Wernerite; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence 
county. 

Wernerite [2] ; , St. Lawrence 

county. 

Wernerite and Pyroxene (Beck collec- 
tion) ; , Lewis count}'. 

Wernerite; Edenville, Orange county. 

Werncrite (Beck collection) ; Monroe, 
Orange county. 

Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Natural 
Bridge, Lewis county. 

WoUastonite [4] ; Diana, Lewis county. 

AVollastonite ; Natural Bridge, Lewis 
county. 

WoUastonite; Edenville, Orange county. 

Xenotime; One Hundred and Fifty-tifth 
street and Tenth avenue. New York eit}'. 

Yttroceritc (S. 0. Young); Edenville, 
Orange county. 

Zircon in Magnetite (Beck collection) ; 
Cornwall, Orange county. 

Zircon (Beck collection) ; New York 
city. 

Zircon (Beck collection) ; Cornwall. 
Orange county. 

Zircon (Beck collection) ; Canterbury, 
Orange county. 

Zircon [2]; , St. Lawrence county. 

Zircon (Beck collection) ; Warwick, 
Orange county. 

Zircon (Beck collection) ; Dc Long's 
Mill, St. Lawrence county. 

Zircon on Oligoclase; New York city. 




X 
X 



o 



Rioi'oiM- (IX ■riiio Minks and MiNi.Nd lv\iiii:rr. 329 

PETROLEUM. 

GROUP 43. 

The specimens of New York |ii'ti'iilriiiii were collected by Mr. Dud- 
ley A. X-M\ Ingen, Pli. 1!., ii ni-adiiati' ol' llie sclmol of mines of Col- 
Uliihia College. Tliev were exliiliited in tall liotlles (■(Hilainiiii;' I wo 
(juarts each. As it was not ])Ossil)le, with the time and means all'orded, 
to make an aeeui'ate stmly of the oil regions of New Yoi'k, nothing 
was done heyond the collection of the specimens. A hi'ief sketch 
of the oil region by Mr. Van Ingen is appended. 

Peteoleum in New- "^'oric State. 

Tlie oil territory in New York State is u continnatiou of tlio Brad- 
ford iieid of Pennsylvania. ''I'iie conn ties of Cattarangns and Allegany 
contain almost all tlu; developed tei'i'itory for oil, though Eri(^ C(juMty has 
produced some important gas wells. The Hrst drilling was dcjne at 
Limestone in Cattaraugus county in 1S05, followed by wells at J'eti'olia 
and Richburgh in Allegany county in ISSI and 1882 respectively. 
The oil sand is called the "Richburgh" in Allegany county, and the 
" Bradford " in (Jattaraugus county, but many claim them to be iden- 
tical. The sandstone is a close, line-grained roc^k of a dark brown 
color. Tlie genei'al dii'ecti(jn of the strata runs northeast and south- 
west di|)ping to the southwest from three to twenty-live feet to the 
mile. In the southern jiart of Allegany county a fourth sand, klMl^\•n 
asthe"AVaugh and J-'orter" is drilled into. This lies some eighty 
feet below the " Ricbljurgh " sand, and seems to be a different oil sand, 
although there is much difference of opinion with i-egard to it. 

The oil varies in color from light yellow to almost black, all hough 
the dark green oil is by far the most alimidant. Its specilic gi'avity at 
ten degrees C I'uns from thirty-eight (h^grees to forty-five degi'ces B. 
Up to date about S,l)()(.) wells have been drilled in the State, and some 
G,()U() are now ])roducing. They started anywhere from five to 250 
barrels per day, but now oidy average si.\ty-five-onc-hundreths ban-els 
in Cattaraugus county, and sixty-two-one-hundrctlis Ijarrels in Allegany 
county. AVith the oil considerable gas lias been found, but now there 
is little nujre than enough to sujiply fuel for pumping. "Edge 
territory " usually produces good gas wells. 

I. 7\r,f,K(;ANV FlEI.O. 

I'lie Allegany field is in th(; towns of (Jreenwood in Steuben county, 
and Andovei-, Sci(j, Alma, i'.olivar, Wirt, Clarksville and (irenesee in 
Allt'gany connty. There have been up to Decendjcr I, JS!t2, 5,327 
wells (billed, and about 4,iin() ni'e now jiroduejng. On January 1, 1.SSO, 
25.105,000 bari-('ls of oil had been taken ont. The gi'eat(;st daily ju'o- 
ducti(jn was in 1882 when 17,000 harrels niai'k-ed the linut. At jirese^nt 
about 2,500 barrels is the daily pi-ndnriidn. This held is dividtjd into 
si.x pools, viz. : 1. Andover; 2. .Alma P.O.; ;;. Alma; 4. Bolivar, 

4i! 



330 JMew Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exi^osition. 

lii?liburi;'li and Wirt; 5. Waui^li and Porter; 6. Clarksville aud 
Wiles. 

1. Aiidooer. — This is situated in Greenwood, yteiiLen county, 
and Andover, Allegany count}'. It was originally drilled for gas 
to supply the neighboring towns, and all drilling lias been done by 
the Mutual Gas Company of Andover. In all, fifteen wells have been 
finished since the field was opened in 1SS9. In depth the wells run 
from 800 feet in tlie valley to 1,300 feet on the hills, with oil sand 
from 15 to 95 feet thick. Tlie field gives a good yield of both 
gas aud oil, the rock pressure being 350 feet on the average and 
a yield of one to eiglit barrels of oil per well per day. At present all 
the wells but three are shut in, as this number is sufficient to furnish 
the gas needed. 

2. Alma P. O. — This really belongs to the Ahua pool, but as there 
is a dry streak between them it has been treated by itself. It is very 
small, covering (inly five lots in the southwest corner of the toM'n of 
Alma. The wells are few and run from 800 to 1,500 feet deep, with 
only 10 to 20 feet of oil sand. The yield of oil and gas is very small. 

3. Alni.a. — This pool is a long narrow strip running northeast and 
sonthwest and covering about thirty lots in the to\vn of Alma. There 
are about 250 producing wells, yielding about 125 barrels of oil daily. 
In depth they run from 1,100 to 1,200 feet, witli 15 to 20 feet of pro- 
ducing oil sand. The southwest edge is good gas territory. 

4. Boliiurr, R'ich})iir<jh and Wirt — l"'his is tlie oldest and largest 
part of the Allegany field. It is situated in the towns of Alma, Scio, 
Bolivar, Wirt, Genesee and Clarksville. The first wells drilled were 
at liichburgh, in about the center of the field. The wells are deep, 
ranging from 1,400 to 1,800 feet. The Richbnrgh sand is from 25 to 
50 feet thick. The yield now is only a little more than a half barrel a 
day, but at first ran as high as 100 barrels a day per well. 

5. WaiKjh. and Pvricr. — This pool covers seven lots lying in the 
southern part of tlie town of Bolivar. It was opened in 1882, and it 
was here that the fourth or Waugh and Porter sand was discovered. 
There arc in all thirty-six wells, yielding about forty barrels of oil 
daily. In dejith they run from 1,350 to 1,700 feet. The oil sands, 
the llichburgh, and Waugh and Porter, are 25 aud 28 feet thick respec- 
tively, separated by some lOO feet of shale and slate. At the outset 
the yield was about ten barrels a day. 

6. ClarliSviUe and jViles. — These two pools are only about one-half 
a mile apart and can almost be considered as one in spite of the dry 
streak between. The former covers fifteen lots in the towns of Clarks- 
ville and Wirt, and the latter six in the northern part of Wirt. Clailfs- 
ville M-as first drilled in 1883, and has about 250 producing wells, wliile 
Niles dates one y«ir earlier with about 140 wells. The wells are from 
1,000 to 1,500 feet deep, and yielded when first shot from five to 
twenty-five barrels a day, but are now oidy doing about half a barrel. 
The oil sand is thicker in Clarksville than in Niles, being five to sixty 
feet as compared to two to five feet. The gas pressure is light except 
on the northern edge, where it has been recorded as high as 400 pounds 
to the square inch. 



Report ox the 31ixes axd Mixinu Exhibit. 331 



II. Cattaeatjgus County Field. 

The territory in tliis connty is a continuation of the Bradford field 
and comprises part of tlie towns of Carrollton, Allegany and Glean. 
The tinst drilling was done at Limestone in 1S<35, followed soon after 
by exploration at Rock City, Four Mile and Knapp's Creek. The held 
ma}' best be considered by dividing it into two, viz. : A. Bradford 
(proper) ; B. Allegany town. 

A. Bradford. — This portion of the held covers about thirty square 
miles, its greatest length being twelve and one-half miles, and its aver- 
age bi'eadth being two and one-half miles. There are now some 1,850 
produciu_g wells yielding about six-tenths of a barrel each dailv. In 
depth they run from 1,600 to 1,800 feet with 18 to 60 feet of good oil 
sand, although it often happens that the oil sand is badly broken up by 
shale and slate. 

B. AJh-gany Toirn. — This held is comparatively new, having been 
opened about live years ago. It is situated in the town of Allegany 
along the Allegany river, and is about five miles long b}' one and 
one-half wide. There are now about 175 producing wells yielding 
each about three barrels daily. The oil sand runs about IS to 25 feet 
thick, while the wells are 1,000 to 1,200 feet deep. At the start the 
outjjut ran as high as forty barrels per well. So far no connection has 
been made with the Bradford, but there is no reason why it will not Ije 
made some day should the jjrice of oil go up to allow drilling to pay. 



Conteibtjtoes of Peteoletim. 



R. Allen, Alma, Allegany county. 
Allen & Sternberg, Bolivar. 
Andrus ifc Sons, Bolivar. 
Davis & Torrey, Alma. 
Mr. Laubcnthal, Allegany. 
3Ir. ilcDonald, Alma. 
I. Miles, Scio. 



Mr. ^lulken, Ricbburgli. 
Mr. Norton, Scio. 
W. J. Penny, Greenwood. 
Rufus Scott, Bolivar. 
Sherley & Hostetter, Alma. 
Mr. Sims, Four JKle. 
Union Oil Co., Alma. 



BUILDIjSTG stoxes. 

GKOTTP 44. 

The State exhibit consisted of ten-inch cubes, dressed on the differ- 
ent faces in various ways, in order to show the possibilities of the stone 
for commercial purposes. Besides these there were slabs of slate and 
flagsstone. In addition to the exhibit in the mining pavilion a series of 
four-inch cubes was contributed to the department e.xhibit in the gallery, 
where the building stones from all the States in the Union were 
represented. 

The building stones of Xew Yoi-k have been carefully studied and 
described by Prof. John C. Smock, and his results are emljodied in 
Bulletins Xos. ?> and 10 of the Xew Yoi-k State Museum. The follow- 
ing report on the bluestone industry, by Mr. Wm. G. Eberhardt, E. M., 
covers ground not touclied upon by Prof. Smock. 



332 New Yoek at thk World's Columbian Exposition. 

The area in wliicli bluestone is quarried in New York State extends 
from the west shore of the Hudson river, in Ulster and Greene coun- 
ties, in a southwesterly direction through Ulster, Delaware and Sullivan 
counties to tlie Delaware river ; and there is a small isolated region in 
Chenango county, in the towns of Oxford and Norwich. 

The region has been opened in the towns of Kingston and Sauger- 
ties, Ulster county, and Catskill, Athens and Coxsackie, Greene county, 
at numerous points from which the stone is carted by the C(uarrymen 
to the Hudson, where it is bought by various dealers along the lines of 
the Ulster and Delaware railroad, the Fort Jervis and Monticello rail- 
road, the New York, Ontario and Western railroad, the Erie railroad, 
and the Delaware and Hudson canal. The last-named district extends 
through the towns of Mamakating, Sullivan county, and Wawarsing 
and Marbletown, Ulster county. Very little quarrying is done in the 
district at present. 

Of the quarries whose output is shipped via the Hudson river the 
most important are in the town of Saugerties, Ulster county. The 
quarries in this townsliip are located at Quarry ville, West Saugerties, 
Highwoods, Bethel and Unionville. This district has been extensively 
opened and much stone is proditced, although here, as also in the 
Ulster and Delaware district, the business of quarrying has greatly 
diminished in recent years. The largest Cjuarries in the town of Sau- 
gerties are at Quarryville. about four miles west of the Hudson. The 
Cjuarries here are on ledges of stone, running parallel to the Hudson up 
into Greene county. Besides a number of small cjuarries there are two 
large openings. One of these is abandoned, owing to inadequate 
pumping facilities. Hand and horse-power pumps were used, and 
found to be of too small capacity to handle the water. The owners 
intend putting in steam pumjjs. 

About one-half mile north of the village, on the same ledge, is 
the other opening, in which four parties are engaged in quarrjdng, 
Patrick Kelly, Cornelius Harvey, Z. B. Mower & Co. and A. Cam- 
Wright. The total length of tlie quarry face is about 300 feet. Each 
quarry employs eight to twelve men, and produces $4,000 to $6,000 in 
stone per year. No steam machinery is used. Pumps are worked by 
hand or horse power. The quarl-ies are below the level of the sur- 
roimding country, and there is no natural drainage. The water is 
pumped behind a common dam, extending the length of the workings. 
The average thickness of the workable l^ed in these quarries and in 
the district is about thirteen feet. On this lies a stratum of Avorthless 
rock, about three feet thick, wliich is overlaid by two to twenty feet of 
earth. The stone is of three grades as to color and hardness. The 
top layers of the bed are gray and veiwhard, while those at the bottom 
are bhie and softer. Between these an intermediate grade can be 
distinguished. *~ 

This change in color and hardness occurs in almost all quarries. A 
bed of bluestone is rarely uniform throughout its entire thickness. 
Usually the color becomes darker as the distance below the surface and 
also the distance from the face of the ledge increases. Sometimes, 
however, the stone is darker in the upper layers. The thickness of 




X 









Z3 

Z 

< 

>- 
< 



Eeport ox the Mikes axd Mixing Exhibit. 333 

the several layers also increases with depth and distance from the face 
of the leda;e. Usually the stone in the second block is about twice as 
heavy as that in the tirst. The " lifts " or layers of stone in this dis- 
trict vary from tliree inches to four feet in tliickness. The stone taken 
from tlie loAver lifts does not stand weathering well. It contains seams 
and " reeds." iiivisible seams, which open when the stone is exposed to 
frost. That from the upper lifts is more compact and dm-able. The 
stone is carted to Maiden, distant live or six miles by road. The 
rough stone is worth forty-eight to sixty cents per cubic foot, or four 
to five cents per inch. 

A general description can be given of the method of quarrying 
throughout the bluestone district, which will ajiply to all quarries, 
with the exception of a veiy few where steam macliinery is used. The 
equipment consists of sledge hammers, wedges, plugs and feathers, 
crowbars, shovels, wheelbarrows, and a hand derrick in most of the 
larger cpiarries. Pumps are rarely ueeessary. The bed is first stripped 
of the overburden. The " stripping " of " top," as the overburden is 
called, is usually earth and worthless stone. In the most favorable case 
it is simply a layer of eartii. The worthless rock may be solid, in which 
case its removal is an expensive item in quarrying, or it may be very 
much broken up or shaly (called '• pencil stuft' "' K when it is easily 
removed. The top rock is removed with the aid of blasting powder 
and dynamite, and large blasts are sometimes fired when it is heavy. 
Thirty kegs of powder have been fir-ed in one of these blasts. The 
sti-ipping is done mostly dm'ing the winter, and actual quarrying about 
nine months in the year. 

The beds of stone are di-^"ided naturally into blocks by seams and 
joints at right angles to each other. In the direction of the strike of 
the ledge are the " side seams," which are very marked, and, where 
large areas are stripped, may sometimes be seen running straight and 
truly parallel for several hnudred feet without mterruption. At right 
angles to the side seams, and less regular than these, are joints which 
form two opposite sides of a block. The area of blocks varies greatly. 
That of large ones may be 1.000 square feet or more. The bed being 
stripped, the layers or " lifts " of good stone are successively raised by 
means of wedges driven into the natural bedding planes. Large lifts 
are broken to desired sizes by plugs and feathers. The plugs are driven 
home at the same time as the wedges and aid in dislodging the stone 
from its bed. The thickness of lifts varies from one inch to six feet. 

In the Highwoods district the quarries are all small, and worked by 
two or tliree men. Two men get out about sl,OC)C> to 81,200 in stone 
per year. These small quarries are worked until the good stone gives 
out, or more frequently until the top becomes too lieavy to be economi- 
cally handled on so small a scale. The beds of stone in this district 
are very uncertain. Layers of shaly rock are interstratified with the 
good bluestone, and pockets of the same material are irregulai'ly dis- 
tributed through the beds. The district is said by qtiarrymen to be 
nearly exhausted. The stone found liere is of a good blue color, hard 
and heavy. All thicknesses are found up to three or four feet. It 
is sold to dealers at Saugerties and Glasco, seven or eight miles distant. 



334 New Yoek at the Woeld's Colusibian Exposition. 

The cost of cartage is about one dollar and seventy-five cents per 100 
square feet two inches thick. 

The quarries at "West Saugerties, Bethel and Unionville are all small 
like those in the Highwoods district. The stone is sold to dealers in 
Maiden, Saugerties and Glaseo. The stone is also carted to Maiden and 
Saugerties from Palenville, Catskill township, Greene county. This 
stone is of a greenish tint. From Woodstock, also, stone is carted to 
Maiden. Burhans & Brainard have yards and a mill at Saugerties, 
and the Ulster Bluestone Comimny at Maiden. Other dealers having 
yards but no mills are, Sweeney Bros, and James Maxwell, at Sauger- 
ties, and W. Porter, at Glaseo. 

In the town of Kingston there are a few small quarries at Dutch 
Settlement, Hallihan Hill and Jockey Hill, but very little stone is cpiar- 
ried at these places. It is sold to dealers at Wilbur. The Ulster and 
Delaware railroad has opened up the bluestone country in the towns of 
Kingston, Hurley, Olive and Shandaken, Ulster county, but the active 
quarries in this region are much less numerous than in former years. 
The largest are near Stony Hollow, in Kingston township, and West 
Hurley, in Hurley to\vnship. Some of the stone from these places is 
carted to Eondout and Wilbur, and some shipped by rail to Kondout. 
Farther up the road quarries are small and not numerous. Stone is 
obtained from all stations along the road as far as Allaben, in Shan- 
daken township. Some of the largest quarries are Grant's, Hewitt 
Boice's and James O'Neill's, at West Hurley. James O'K^eill's quarry 
is situated about one-half mile south of tlie village of West Hurley, on 
a ledge running north and south and dip^jiug slightly west. The bed 
averages about twelve feet, but is not uniform ; about three feet of it 
is poor stone unevenly distributed through the bed. The stripj^ing 
varies from five to fifteen feet. The quarry has been opened for about 
300 feet, but is worked only on a small scale. The thickness of lifts 
varies from four to twenty inches. The bottom lifts are of better 
color than those nearer the top, whose faces are brown probably from 
the pressiire of iron. The stone is shipped by rail to Bondout. 

Beside the true bluestone there is a brownish variety quarried at 
some localities above West Hurley. This is not a handsome stone and 
not suitable for ornamental purposes. 

In the towns of Middletown and Roxbury, Delawai-e countj-, a red- 
dish sandstone is found of about the same density and strength as the 
bluestone of Ulster county. Very little of it is quarried. It is sent to 
Rondout via the Ulster and Delaware railroad. Expei'iments on blue- 
stone from West Hurley have given tlie following results : Density, 
2.721 ; crushing strength, 22.45 pounds per square inch. At Eondout 
Plewitt Boice has extensive stone yards and a mill. Sweeney Bros, 
and Julius Osterhoiidt have yards and mills at Wilbur. 

The bluestone territory has been extensively opened in Sullivan 
county and to a smaller extent in Delaware county and in the town of 
Deerpark, Orange county. There are quarries along tlie lines of tlie 
Port Jervis and Monticello, Erie, and Kew York, Ontario and Western 
railroads in these counties. Along the Port Jervis and Monticello rail- 
road there are quarries at Hose Point, Paradise and Oakland, town of 



Kepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 335 

Deerpark, and at Hartwood and Gilinans, town of Forestburg, Sulli- 
van county. They are all small and their output is sold to dealers in 
Port Jervis who ship it east, via the Erie. Terbell 6z Eidgeway, who 
have a stone yard at Pert Jervis, handle most of this stone. 

In the valley of the Delaware river along the line of the Erie rail- 
road there are quarries in New York State from Deerpark, Orange 
county, to the town of Sanford, Broome county. In the town of Deer- 
park there are small quarries at Mill Eift, -which sell their output to 
Louis E. Bliss, jSTew York. At Stairway, Lumberland township, Sulli- 
van county, there are large quarries owned by F. A. Kilgour, which are 
at present idle, but will be reopened. At Pond Eddy, in the same 
township, A. H. Woodward operates several quarries and buys the 
output of others. The quarries on the ISTew York side of tlie Delaware 
are not as large or as numerous as those on the Pennsylvania side. 
The beds of stone here are more uncertain and of a more pockety 
nature than those of Ulster county, and the stone is harder. All the 
stone in the Delaware valley from Deerpark to Callicoon, Delaware 
to^vnship, is quite hard. Beyond this point it becomes gradually softer 
and is more easily worked. Most of the stone on the iSTew York side 
at Pond Eddy is shipped to Woodward's mills at Newark, N. J., via 
the Dela-ware and Hudson canal and the Hudson river, although the 
freight rates by this route are one dollar and sixty-five cents per ton 
as against one dollar and fifteen cents per ton via Erie railroad. 

Other places in the town of Lumberland at which bluestone is C|uar- 
ried are in the district opi^osite Parker's Glen, Penn., and Barryville. 
At the first named of these places the total output is probably less than 
$100 per month. The stone quarried is suitable only for flagstone. 
Prices paid for the stone by dealers are from forty-two to forty -live 
cents per cubic foot or three and one-half to three and three-fourths 
cents per inch. Very little stone is quarried at Barryville. That dis- 
trict is nearly exhausted. 

In the town of Tusten quarrying is carried on extensively opposite 
Mast Hope, Penn., and at Tusten. Many small quarries are worked 
at these places besides a numljer of larger ones employing ten to flf- 
teen men operated by J. Q. A. Connor & Son, of Mast Hope, and C 
W. Martin, of Middletown, JST. Y. The stone is quite hard, but not 
uniformly so, and of several shades of blue ; but hardness and color 
are quite uniform in the same quany. The thickness of lifts varies 
from one to eighteen or twenty inches. At Mast Hope a reddish 
stone is quarried, but only true bluestone is found on the New 'i''ork 
side of the river at this point. At Narrowsburg, in the same townshij), 
there a number of cpiarries. Jeremiah Partridge works three quarries 
at tills point. Two of them are within one-fourth of a mile and the 
third within three- fourtlis of a mile of the stone docks at Xarrowsburg. 
The stone in all of them is of good blue color and readily worked. 
The lifts in the farther quarry are heavier and the stone somewhat 
liarder. The owner intends putting in steam drills in this quarry. In 
Cochecton township there are some small quarries at Cochecton village, 
but only a few of them are being worked. 

In Delaware township there are quarries at Callicoon and at Rock 



336 Nicw YoKK AT Tiiio Wokld's Columbian Exporttton. 

Run. Tlio ijUiiri'y of Porsbiiclicr JJros. & Co. at Callicoon is about 
one-halt' mile northwest of tlie village. During fifteen months that it 
has been worked al)out iifty eai'loads of hfteen to eighteen tons each 
have been shipped from it. All this stone has been taken from a sin- 
gle block twenty-five by forty-three feet in area. Five men are at 
•work in this quariy. Most of the material taken out is flagstone, but 
some ten and twelve-inch lifts have been raised. The stone is of good 
color, bluer in the top layers than in the bottom, and very hard. The 
bed has been worked downward twelve feet, Ijelow which the depth 
is unknown. The top is mostly loose earth and varies from two to ten 
feet in depth. 

There are several large quarries at Ilaukins in the town of Fremont. 
The largest is operated by Manny & Ross. It is one and one-fourth 
miles northeast of the village, and employs about twenty men in the 
active season. A quarry face of 300 to 400 feet in length has been 
opened, but only a small pai't of it is worked. The workable bed is 
twenty to twenty-five feet in thickness. Lifts of all thicknesses up to 
twenty inches are taken out. The quarry has been worked for eight 
years and a lai-ge quantity of stone is still in sight, but most of it is 
covered by a very heav}' top of rock. The haixlness of stone in this 
locality varies considerably. Louis F. hJlisa buys stone at this place. 

At Long Eddy and Basket, in the same township, there are extensive 
workings. Kinney J'rothers have a large quarry at Long Eddy, about 
one-fourth of a mile from the railroad. This (puirrj' has been worked 
three or four years and has yielded 400 to .500 carloads of stone. The 
bed is eighteen feet deep, and the ledge on which the quarry is situated 
runs nearly north and south. The top is quite heavy, being mostly 
rock twelve to tM'enty feet deep, but nmch broken up and easily 
removed with the aid of powder. Lifts are from one to twelve inches 
in thiekuess. The stone is all blue, soft and easily worked. C. W. 
Martin, F. A. Ivilgour and L. F. J>lissget stone from these quarries. 

In the town of Hancock, JJelaware coimty, quarj'ying is carried on 
very extensively. There are quarries in the Delaware valley at Lordville, 
Stockport and Ilancock, and also on the li]ie of the New York, Onta- 
I'io and Western railroad. Of the cjuarries in the Delaware valley, the 
largest are at Lordville and Stockport. The stone from these places is 
very well suited for oruaiuental pur])oses. It is durable and easily 
worked. That from Lordvilli- is handled by F. A. Ivilgour, Randall 6z 
Underwood, and Kirkpatriek JJros. The Stockport stone is claimed to 
be especially free from " reeds," making it well adapted to stand frost 
and weathering. It is handled by Kirk]iatrick Bros., of Hancock. Far- 
ther up the valley there are quarries at 1 lale's Eddy and Deposit, Tomp- 
kins toM-nship, Delaware county, and also a few in the town of Sanford, 
Broome county, alon4^ the Erie. At Hale's Eddy all the stone is quar- 
ried or bought by (). M. Kingsbury & Son. Randall & Underwood 
are the most extensive operators at Deposit. The stone from these 
places is very soft, and of different shades of color from gray to dark 
blue. Some of the gray stone is very coarse grained. 

Along the line of' the New York, Ontario and Western railroad 
there arc quarries in Sullivan county in the towns of Liberty and Rock- 




H 

CQ 

X 
X 

1- 
Z 



< 



Eepoet oa'^ the Mines and JMininu Exhibit. 337 

laud ; ill l^elawarc county in the towns of Colchester, Hancock, Tomp- 
kins and Walton ; and in Chenango county in the towns of Oxford and 
Norwich. Very little quarrying is done in Liberty townshiji. In 
Rockland townshi]) there are several (quarries at Hoscoe, the largest of 
wliich are worked by Win. Younians. Farther up the road there are 
quarries at Cook's Falls, town of Colchester, and in Hancock township 
at Trout Brook, East Branch, Fisli's Eddy and Hancock Junction. 
The stone from all these places is of very much tlie same character as 
to color and hardness. Geo. S. Harris quanies and buys all the stone 
at East Branch. The quarries at this place are all small. j\t Fish's 
Eddy the quarries are larger. Storie & Hollywood work four quarries 
at this place. 

In the town of Tompkins, Delaware county, tliere are quarries at 
Apex and Kock Rift. At the latter place E. C. Inderlied has several 
quarries and a mill. At Walton, Walton township, several quarries 
are worked. Tlios. Kevins & Son have a quarry and mill on 
the Delhi division of the Ontario and Western railroad about four 
miles fi'om Walton Junction. The mill has been removed from 
Weehawken to Walton, as it is cheaper to ship the stone dressed 
than in tlie rough state. The Avorlvable bed in the quarry is thirty 
feet in thickness and is covered by a light top. The F. G. Clarke 
Bluestone Co. quarries extensivel}' in the town of Oxford, Che- 
nango county. Tlie quarries of this company are located at Oxford, 
and at Coventry, four miles to the southwest of Oxford on the Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna and Western railroad. The stone from both 
places is dressed at the mill of the company at O.xford. The tlnck- 
ness of the bed in the Oxford quarry is sixteen feet. The tup is 
very heavj^, consisting of about forty feet of loose earth and twenty- 
five feet of solid rock. In order to make a profit under such unfavor . 
able conditions, the quarry is worked on a large scale, and steam 
machinery is enq)loyed in quarrying and handling the stone. A clian- 
neling machine is part of the equipment. The stone is bandied in the 
quarry Ijy dei'ricks worked by steam, and is taken out by cai'ts and a 
wire tramway. The stone is of very fine quality. Its color is a 
good blue and very uniform throughout the Ijcd. It is softer than 
Ulster county stone and easily worked, which makes it desirable 
for ornamental purposes. The lifts are too heavy for small flagstones, 
but many large ones, measuring fifteen to twenty feet or more on a 
side, are taken out. Stone up to six feet thick can be obtained at this 
quarry. Powder is used instead of plugs and feathers in getting out 
large Idocks. Deep holes are drilled M'itii steam drills and reamed out, 
making a hole about two inches in diameter. A small charge is ])laced 
in each hole, which is tamped so that the force of the ex])losi(jn is 
exerted against an elastic cushion of air, and the block is thus loosened 
from its bed without uimecessary s])litting. Tlie charges are fired 
simultaneously by electricity. This method is found more satisfactory 
than channeling. 

Stone is quarried at Xorwich f<ir local and foreign c(^nsum]iti()n. A 
very dark stone is quarried here, '.duable for ornamental purposes. 

43 



338 



New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian Expositiok. 



Catalogue of Building Stones in the JN^ew York Scientific Exhibit, 

Geoup 44. 

MAEBLJiS. 

Mastertou & Hall, Tuckahoe. 

A.L. Pritchard, Pleasantville. 

N. Y. State Quarry, Sing Sing. 

St. Lawrence Marble Co., Gouverneur. 

N. Y. Geol. Surv., Hastings. 

Serpentine marble, Thurman. 

C. Slade, Saratoga. 

Coral shell marble, Beecraft's Mt. 

Thomas & Babcock, Waterloo. 



Sandstones. 
Baldwin & Hinds, Hindsburg. 
Hewitt Boice, Roudout. 

A. F. Bouton, Roxbury. 
Burhans & Braiuard, Saugerties. 
F. G. Clarke Bluestone Co., Oxford. 
Potsdam Red Sandstone Co., Potsdam. 
D. Parmeter, Potsdam. 
Albert Dibble, Belvidere. 
Mr. Gotts, Medina. 
HoranBros., Medina. 

L. W. Hotchkiss, Lewiston. 

F. A. Kilgour, Parker's Glen. 

G. C. McClune, Ithaca. 
Peter Pitkin's Sons, Rochester. 
Shear & Co., Schenectady. 

J. Osterhoudt, Wilbur. 
Ulster Bluestone Co., Maiden. 
Warsaw Bluestone Co., Warsaw. 

B. B. Mason, Keeseville, 
J. Nevins & Sons, Walton. 

A. D. Symonds, Elmira. 

Limestones. 

B. ifc J. Carpenter, Lockport. 
Adams Bros., Chaumont. 

J. B. Berridge, Hudson. 
Duford & Sons, Chaumont. 
P. Callanan, South Bethlehem. 
Foery & Kastner, Rochester. 
Glens Falls Co., Glens Falls. 
Morris & Strobel, Le Roy. 
Wm. Reilly, Cobleskill. 
A. E. Shaper, Canajobarie. 
Eben Thomas, Prospect. 
D. C. Hewitt, Amsterdam. 
J. Shanahan, Tribes Hill. 
S. W. Clarke, Willsborough Pt, 
D. R. & H. Fogelsanger, Buffalo. 



Gkanite. 

Thousand Island Granite Co. , Montreal, 
Can.; two cubes. 

King Granite Co., Garrison's; one cube 
also from State Museum. 

B. B. Mason, Keeseville. 

Mt. Eve Granite Co. , Warwick. 

F. Larkins, Sing Sing; (in obelisk) one 
cube from Museum collection. 

J. E. Bailey, Cold Spring on Hudson. 

Greenfield Quarry. 

Luzerne Quarry. 

White & Allen, Saratoga. 

Diabase. 

Jas. Bennett, Graniteville, Staten Island. 

Roofing Slate. 

R. Hall, Whitehall; red slate for roof- 
ing and interior decoration. 

Ornamental Slate Co., Middle Granville, 
N. Y. ; green and red slate. 

Slab of slate from same locality, exhib- 
ited by N. Y. State iluseum. 

Flagstones. 
Persbacher Bros.,Callicoou. 
Horan Bros.. Medina. 



NOTE ON TI-IE EOAD METALS OF NEW YOEK. 



By HEINRICH RIES. 



The rocks used for road metal iu New York State are diabase (trap), 
granite, gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale and gravel. 

Many of the local stone quarries which are scattered over the State 
sell for road metal the rock obtained in stripping off the tipper layers 
from their quarries. There are a few lai-ge quarries which are oi^erated 
for obtaining road metal alone, and which deserve special mention. 

Fort Lee trap quarries. Many tons of material are quarried annu- 
ally from the Palisades north of Fort Lee. The material, which is 
exceedingly tough, is either dressed for paving blocks or crushed for 



Eepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 339 

road metal. This material was exhibited because it was identical Math 
the trap of Eockland county. 

Farther up the Hudson river the limestone quarries of Tompkins 
Cove have been in operation for a number of years and supply large 
quantities of rock for Macadam. It is one of the best materials used. 
This magnesian limestone is hard and packs easily and makes a good 
surface, but the cost of maintenance is considerable. The following is 
an analysis : 

Lime 60.20 

Alumina 11 . 22 

Silica 6.13 

Magnesia 10 .45 

Carbonic acid S . 00 

Water 4.00 



100.00 



At lona Island a granite is quarried and broken in a Blake crusher 
to five or six diiierent sizes for road metal and concrete. The fine 
residue, or dust, is sold for polishing. Mr. Daniel E. Donovan, of 
Kingston, j^. Y., is the owner. 

The Hudson Elver Stone Sujjpl}^ Co. has an extensive plant for 
C[uarrying and crushing granite at Ereakneck Mountain, north of Cold 
Sj^ring. The same company operates a second plant for supplying 
crushed limestone at Stoneco, north of ISTew Hamburg. 

One of the largest quarries in the State is that of P. Callanan at 
South Bethlehem, Alljauy county. The lower Helderberg limestone 
is the rock used and it makes a good road. At Howe's Cave the same 
limestone is crushed for roadmaking. The Cauda-galli grit of Albany 
county is used in small quantities locally and makes an excellent road, 
though not very durable. 

At Fort Chester, Westchester county, a coarse grained granite is 
quarried and is considerably used locally, but the best Macadam roads 
of that district are of limestone from Tompkins Cove. 

The gray gneiss has been considerably used as a road material in 
Westchester county. 

On Staten Island the yellow gravel is much used for roadmaking. 

The materials used for making roads in the State vary with the 
locality. If the traffic on the road is moderate it is generally safe to 
iise the local material, whatever its nature, unless it be shale, but if 
there is a heavy traffic it will pay in most instances to get a stone of 
superior quality from elsewhere. The requisite qualities of a road 
metal are hardness and toughness. Where both these qualities are not 
obtainable in the same stone, the latter is perhaps preferable. 

Igneous and siliceous rocks, though often hard, do not consolidate so 
well or so quickly as limestone, owing to the sandy detritus formed by 
the first two having no cohesion. The detritus of magnesian limestone 
acts like a mortar. 

The most efiieient and economic road metals are diabase and syenite. 
Granite and gneiss, specially if very micaceous, are apt to disintegrate 



340 



Niow Y 



OK'K AT 'I'll I' 



World's Oolttmhtan ExrosrnoN. 



i'a-|)i(ll)', iuul ])ri)(liic(^ diistaiul iniul. Sliulo Is to bo avdidcd, as it break-! 
ii|) rapidly, t'iiriiiiiii>; a sticky iiiikL (iiviA'cl, wiiile iiiakiiiij,' a .serviceable 
road, will not ])a('.k, and is not durable. If it lias to l)e used some of 
the ditKculty juay l)e overcome by cracking lialf of tlie pebbles. 



List ok Si'koimkns ok TioAD Mmtai.s ExuiisrrKn, 
1(11111 



'rni|i or Diiibasc; Fnrt Lee, N. .1 

(InuiiU:; l)iuii(M K. Ddiuivnn 
Isliuul, N. Y. 

(Iriuiili'; lludsdi. K. Sloiic Supply Cd., 
Jirciikiii'i'k Ml. 

Uruuite; I'orL ('lu,'.sU!i-, VVcstchostei- CJo. 



Liinostniu'. 'Poini)kiiis Cove, K. Y. 

Liiiu'stom^ ]'. Callanan, South Betlile- 
lu'iii, N. Y. 

Siindy Slialt! (Camla-galli Grit); Knox, 
Albany (■"■ 

Yellow Gravel; Staton Island. 



tian olielisk were 
being economical 



rTK0L0(}ICAI, OlSKLISK. 

A iironiinciit I'calnri' of the niiniug ex]iil)it M'as an obelisk of stone 
from tlie varions geohigica,! formations of Ncav Yoi'k arranged in layers 
of pi'ojMirtionate thickness on a scale of fifty foot to the inch, and of 
winch the proportions are those of ()loo])atra's Needle in Central J'ark. 
Ttie idea of a geological colnmn was first suggested by Prof. Hall, who 
exhibited ,'i, pyi'aniid at the New Orleans Exposition in 1S85 and 1S8(!, 
but it was found advisable by the snperintendent to adopt a foi'm and 
plan diifei'cnt fi'om that of ,I)i-. Hall, and the jiroportions of the Eg\'ji- 
a(lo])te(l as exhibiting greater elegance of form and 
of gi'onnd space. The geological obelisk is composed 
of cut stone fiMin all the solid rock formations occurring in New York 
in their regular succession from the Archaean to the smnrait of the 
Trias. The four sides of the obelisk show by specimens from the vari- 
ous localities thi^ occurrence of the formations in the resjiective ipiar- 
ters of the State, each formation being represented by a thickness pro- 
])ortionate to its relative thickness in New York, the scale of the shaft 
being lifty feet to one inch. 

The height of the shaft was twenty-six feet seven inches, and of the 
pedestal three feet seven inches. 

The accompanying cut shows the form of the obelisk as well as the 
diil'erent layers, theii' na,mes and tlii^ rela.ti\'e tliickuess of the different 
fiirniaJions and groujis. 

'i'lie courses are lettered as follows: 



Numbor of 
Courses. 



Cap and 'I'lip Cour.sc, 'I'riassic 

Trap and SaiidsUinc. 
V. Olwin ('cingUinicralu (Car- 
boniferous). 

( Catskill 

U. i Portage 

( Chemung 

( Gonesco t-7. . . 

T.-^ Tally 

( Ibuuillon 

S. Mairc'llus 

K. Upper llcldcibcrg, or Cur- 

iiilVrous 

P. Sclioliaric 

O. Cauda galli 

N. (Jriskaiiy 



1 

13 
f) 
5 
1 
1 
4 
If 



Number ot 
Courses. 

M. Lower Ili'ldeiberg 3 

L. Salina. 4 

K. Niagara 3 

.1. Cliihon 1 

I, Medina 4 

II. Oneida 1 

G. Huilson Hiver !> 

F. Trenton 1 

E. Chavty 1 

J). Caleiterous 1 

C. Potsdam 1 

B. Acadian 3 

A, Georgia 

Base, Areluean (iraiiites and 

Gneisses. 



as 

po en 



Kg 

a B 



5 y OICAN CUNCLOMfftATC . 

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CCNE9CC. 



conNircnous 

CAUDA fl*LU._ 

Lowcn HciotNBcno \ 



NtASAftA. 



1~^ 



hUOfiOH nivtn 



Tnt WTON . 
". . CM AIV, 

CAucircNOifs 



X 



l's: 



COANirc 
KCCtCVilLl 



I9LAH0 



North fACE. 

flLEVATION; 



i 


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Elevations of the Geoi.ooical Obelisic erected in the NewYork StateMinino Exhibit. 



SCALE, 'A'tHcH= 1 Foot. 



Kepoet ox tue Mines akd Mining Exxiimt. 



341 



List of Localities from Which Stones Were Obtained foe the 

Cteological Obelisk. 



Triassic Diabase. — Gnuid View, Rock- 
land county. 

Triassic Sandstone. — Grand View, 
Roclxland county. 

Carboniferous Conglomerate. — Oleau, 
Allegany count}-. 

Catskill Sandstone. — Roxbuvy, Dela- 
ware county. 

Cbemung Sandstone. — Waver!}', Tioga 
county, Elmira, Cbemung county; Belvi- 
dere, Allegany count}'; Clean, Allegany 
county; Belmont, Allegany county. 

Portage Sandstone. — Rock Glen, Wyom- 
ing county; Portage, Wyoming county. 

Oneonta Sandstone. — Oxford, Chenango 
count}'. 

Genesee Slate. — South Bristol, Ontario 
county. 

TuUy Limestone. — Tully, Onondaga 
couuty. 

Hamilton Sandstone. — Saugerties, Ul- 
ster county ; Maiden, Ulster county ; 
Kingston, Ulster county. 

Marcellus Shale. — Le Roy, Genesee 
count}'. 

Ccrniferous Limestone. — Buffalo. Erie 
couuty, LeRoy, Genesee county; Cobles- 
kill, Schoharie county. 

Schoharie Grit. — Imitated.* 

Cauda galli Grit. — Imitated.* 

Orislvany Sandstone. — Oriskany Falls, 
Oneida county. 

Lower Helderberg. — South Bethlehem, 
Albany county. 

Salina Gypsum. — Oakfleld, Genesee 
county. 

Salina Salt. — LeRoy, Genesee county. 

Salina Shale. — Livonia (imitated),* Liv- 
ingston county. 

Niagara Limestone. — Rochester, Mon- 
roe county ; Lockport, Niagara county. 

Niagara Shale. — Rochester, Monroe 
county. 

Clinton Sandstone. — Clinton, Oneida 
county. 

Clinton Limestone. — Rochester, Mon 
roe county. 



Medina Sandstone. — Medina, Orleans 
county. 

Oneida Conglomerate. — C'liutou, Oneida 
county. 

Hudson River Sandstone. — Duanes- 
burg, Schenectady county. 

Utica Slate. — Fort Plain, Jlontgomery 
county. 

Trenton Limestone. — Prosjiect, Oneida 
county ; Lowville, Lewis county ; Chau- 
mout, .Jefferson county ; Glens Falls, 
Warren county. 

Chazy Limestone. — Norwood, St. Law- 
rence couuty ; Willsboro, Esse.x county ; 
Whitehall, Washington county. 

Calciferous Limestone. — Rochdale, 
Dutchess county; Canajoharie, Montgom- 
ery count}' ; Sandy Hill, Washington 
county ; Saratoga, Saratoga county. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — Potsdam, St. 
Lawrence county ; Keeseville, Essex 
county ; Fort Ann, Washington county. 

Potsdam Limestone. — • Poughkeepsie, 
Dutchess county. 

Acadian Limestone. — Stissing, Dutch- 
ess county. 

Georgia Slate. — ■ Middle Granville, 
Washington county. 

Georgia Limestone. — Greenwich, Wash- 
ington county. 

Georgia Quartzite. — Stissing, Dutchess 
county. 

Pedestal. 

Pre-canibrian Gneiss. — Saratoga, Sara- 
toga county. 

Red Granite. — Grindstone Island, Jef- 
ferson couuty ; Sing Sing, Westchester 
county. 

Green noi'ite or Labradorite Granite. — 
Keeseville, Essex county. 

Gray Granite. — Garrisons, Putnam 
county. 



Pre-cambrian 
Putnam county 



Base. 
Granite. - 



- Cold Spring, 



GROUP 45. — gaenet. 

The garnet which is mined or quarried in 'New York State is found 
in and near tlie valley of tlie n]iper Hudson river, in Warren county 
on the borders of the Adirondack region. It occurs in a formation of 
erystalHne Hinestone which appears to form tlie bedrock of this valley 
in the vicinity of North Creek and Minerva, and in gneissic rocks 
which adjoin or are intercolated with the crystalline limestone. It is 

* The material which could be obtained was not solid enough to be cut. 



342 New '^'okk at 'niio W(iklj)'s (^)niMiirAN Exposition. 



found in masses of varyiiifi; sizes, from that of a pigeon's egg to a 
(lianuiter of twenty feet. It is classified as massive garnet and sliell 
garnet, the former being imjjnro from the admixture of otlier min- 
erals, the lattei' almost entirely pure and the most vakiable for eom- 
mereial ])urposes. Its chief use is in the manufacture of sandpaper 
M'hich is used in slioc factories for finisliing soles, and is preferred to 
ordinary (juart/, sandjiaper on account of tlie ready cleavage of the 
garnet, which enables itto])resent as it breaks away new and sharp 
cutting edges, whereas (piartz, which has no cleavage, becomes dulled 
with friction. 

Thei'o are two firms working garnet properties in Warren county, 
H. Belir & Sons and Crehore Brothers of North Creek. 

OoNTRIIUITOUS OF CtAUNKT. 
1). liyiich, Minerva; massive garnet. ]I. BcUr & Sons, New York. 

OUOUl" 4-0. — GRAPHITE. 

The only deposits of commercial importance are in the towns]ii]i of 
Ticonderoga, near the northern extremity of Lake George. These 
jM'opei'ties are all controlled liy the Dixon Crucible Co. of New 
Jersey. 

Formerly large (piantities of graphite in masses of considerable size 
were obtained from a formation of white crystalline limestone not far 
from the village of Ticonderoga. This locality is said to be exhausted, 
and is no longer operated by the company. At present a graphitic 
schist containing a comparatively small percentage of graphite is 
extcMisively worked at a locaJity a few miles west of Rogers' I'ock. 

1"'lie giviphite of New York is of line quality and is used in the man- 
ufacture of ])encils, crucibles and for all the other purposes for which 
this substance is employed. 

CoNTRIBUTOE. 
Dixon Crucible Co., Ticond(;rogii. Offiee, Jer.scy City, N. J. 



liEI'OIlT ON THE GEOLOGY AND GEOGIIAPIIY OF THE 
CLAYS OF NEW YOIIK EXHIBITED IN THE DEPAET- 
MENT OF MINES AND MINING. 



By HEINRICH RIES, Pa. B. 



Deposits of clay*occur in nearly every county of New York. They 
belong to throe geological periods, viz. : Quaternary, Tertiary and 
Cretaceous. 

Clays of the first period are by far the most common ; those of the 
second period are still somewhat doubtful, but a large number of the 
Long Island beds may belong here. Of the third period there are 
undoubted representatives on Ijong Island and Staten Island. 



Report on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 343 

The clays of tlie mainland ai'c all Quaternaiy, so far as is known. 
The problems of the Quaternary formations in New York are by no 
means solved, and it is not always possible to decide on tiie causes lead- 
■ing to the deposition of any particular body of clay liy a single visit t ; 
the locality. A great number of the deposits are local and Ijabin-shaped, 
lying in. the Ijottom of the valleys, which are often broad and fertile. 
They vary in depth from four to twenty or even fifty feet; as a 
rule they are underlain by drift or by bedrock. The clay is generally 
of a blue or liluish gray color, the upper few feet being ■weathered 
mostly to a red or yellow. Stratification is rare, Init streaks of marl 
are common. In some of the beds small pebbles are found, usually of 
limestone, and these have to be eliminated by special processes in the 
manufacture. In many cases the clay is covered by a foot or more of 
peat. The basin-shaped deposits are no doubt the sites of former 
ponds or lakes, formed in many instances hj the damming up of the 
valleys, and which have been tilled later with sediment of the streams 
from the retreating ice sheet. The valleys in which these deposits lie 
are usually broad and shallow. The broad valley of the Genesee I'iver 
between Mt. Morris and Rochester is an instance. The waters of the 
river were backed up by the receding glacier for a time, during which 
the valley was converted into a lake in whicli a large amount of 
aluminous sediment was deposited. The material has Ijeen employed 
for common brick. 

An idea of the depth of the clay and alluvinm in the Genesee valley 
may be had froui the following table. The figures have been taken 
from records of salt wells : 

Piffard, Genesee Salt Co., clay and gravel 64 feet. 

Yoi'k, York Salt Co., clay ' 52 " 

Pitfard, Livin'gston Salt Co., soil 158 " 

Cuylerville, soil 154 " 

Mt. Morris, Royal Salf Co., soil 184 " 

For other localities the following data are given : 

Aurora, Idue clay 15 " 

Wyoming, Pioneer well, soil and clay .' 40 " 

Tiiere are a number of the clay dejiosits which are of sufficient 
interest geologically, as well as commei'cially, to be mentioned in some 
detail. Around Bnffalo is an extensive series of flats underlain l}y red 
clay. A thin layer of sand overlies tlic clay, and is of suitable 
quality for tempering and m ilding. Similar deposits occur at several 
localities to tiie north of the well-known ridge road and around Niagara 
Falls, Tonawanda and La Salle, to the north of Bnffalo, as well as south 
of the city, along the lake sliore. 

Prof, ilall mentions deposits of clay at the following locdities : 
At Linden, one mile south of Yates Centre ; along the shore of Lake 
Ontario, east of Lewiston ; on Casharpia creek deposits of tenacious 
clay occur from the cruml)ling of tenacious green shales ; in Niagaivi 
county beds of clay are said to occur in every town, but they often con- 
tain considerable quantities of lime. 



344 New Yokk at tiik Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 

A bed of bliiu and rod clay is heing utilized at New Brighton, near 
Rochester. The dejiosit lios neartho head of Iron(le(|noit hay, and was 
deposited by some stream flowing into it. 

Clays are also found at several points in the valley of the Oswego 
river, between Oswego and Syracuse, an important one being at Three 
Rivers. 

At Watertown there is an extensive deposit of clay, some twenty 
acres in extent, and of a red and gray color. The bed is twenty feet 
thick and rests on the Trenton limestone. jVnother extensive bed of 
clay is being worked at Ogdensburg. It is bhie in color, somewhaf 
sandy, and sixty feet thick. A similar dej)Osit occurs at Madi'id, in St. 
Lawrence count)-. 

Turning our attention to the southern portion of the State, we find 
■clays in abundance in all the valleys and lowlands. The extensive 
marshes near Connewaiigo and Randol])h are said to be underlain by clay 
throughout their entire extent. 

At Levant, near Jamestown, is an interesting bed of clay several 
acres in extent. It is jirobably of post-glacial age, and the section, as 
determined by boi'ing, is: 

Yellow sand 4 feet. 

Quicksand 4 inches. 

Yellow clay '. 6 feet. 

Blue clay ." Yo feet. 

llardpan 

At Breesport, near Elmira, is a bank of blue clay rising from the 
valley to a height of fifty feet. It was evidently formed when the 
valley Avas dammed uj), and has subsequently been much eroded, so 
that a comparatively narrow terrace along the side of the valley is 
all that renuiins. A similar deposit is found at Newfield, south of 
Ithaca. 

Dejjosits of clay, suitable for brick and tile, are conmion in the low- 
lauds bordering the Mohawk river from Rome to Schenectady. The 
beds vary in thickness from six to fifteen feet, and the clay is mostly of 
a red, blue or gray color. 

Among the most extensive and important deposits are those of the 
Hudson river valley. Hero are deposits of two types : Estuary dejiosits 
of fine sand, yellow anil blue stratified clay, and cross-bedded delta 
dej)0sits, the materials of which are much coarser. The estuary 
deposits indicate a period of depression and deposition of the clay in 
quiet water. The clay is mostly blue, but where the underlying sand 
is wanting, it is weathered to yellow, this latter often extending to a 
depth of fifteen feet bek)W the surface, and to a still greater depth 
along the line of cravks down which the water can percolate. Ihe 
depth of oxidation is infinenced by the nature of the clay, and the 
upper portion 'weathers easily on account of its sandy nature and loose 
texture. 

Horizontal stratification is present and the layers of clay are sepa- 
rated by extremely thin laniiiuoj of sand. At some localities the layers 
of the clay are very thin and alternate with equally thin layers of sand. 





e e r 



■ ■' 3^ lis 





I'BRISI YLh aMJ HRENCI 




ATUE ■■REPUBLIC 



Eepoet ox the Mixes axd Mixing Exhibit. 3io 

This condition is found at Haverstraw, Croton, Dutchess Junction. 
Stony Point, Fishkill, Cornwall, Xew "Windsor, Catskill and Port 
Ewen. At all the above-mentioned localities, except the last two, the 
clay is overlain by the delta deposits of streams tributary to the Hud- 
son, and this alternation of layers maj' be due to the variation of the 
flow of -rivers em])tyiug at that point, the sandy layers l)eing deposited 
during layers of flood. The delta of Catskill creek has been found at 
Leeds, some two miles west of the Hudson river, and the delta of 
Roudout creek, which flows into the Hudson at Port Ewen, will no 
doubt be found by following the creek back to the old shore line of the 
estuary. 

Isolated ice-scratched bowlders are not uncommonly found in the 
clay. They were probably dropped by icebergs floating down the 
estuary to the sea. There is sometimes a sharp distinction between 
the yellow or weathered and the blue or unweatliered portion of the 
clay. 

The line of separation also between the clay and the overlying sand 
is often veiy sharp. The blue clay is more plastic than the yellow, 
but both effervesce readily \vith acid, o\ving to the presence of three 
to six per cent of carbonate of lime, and are, therefore, properly speak- 
ing, marly clays. 

The clays are underlain by a bed of gravel, till or bedrock. From 
Catskill northward, the clay is in most instances covered l)y Imt a foot 
or two of soil. South of Catskill the cliaracter of the overlying maie- 
rial varies. 

The thickness of the clays varies as the following flgures will show : 

Eddvville Blue clay 10 feet. 

LefeVer Falls Blue clay 4:2 " 

Dutchess Junction Blue clay 13U " 

Posendale Blue clay 30 " 

Eoseton " Blue clay 233 " 

Haverstraw Blue clay 150 " 

All the streams tributary to the Hudson liave at an early period 
built extensive deltas, which remain to tlie present day and form ter- 
races along the sides of the valley, which in many instances, as, for 
example, at Xewburgh and Haverstraw, served as sites for towns and 
cities. 

To Ijriefly mention the origin of these clay deposits : Subsequent to 
the retreat .of the glacier which covered the continent there was a 
depression of the land, which amounted to SO feet at j^ew York 
city and 240 feet at Albany. During this period a great amount of 
plastic clay was deposited, produced by the glacial attrition of the 
sliales and limestones to the nortli. Tlic latter, no doulit, give the clay 
its marly cliaracter. The upper portion of the clay is more siliceous, 
and overlying it, as already stated, is a bed of sand, indicating a change 
in the nature of the material waslied into the estuary. During the 
period of sulunergence miicli of the siliceous matter washed into the 
estuary was deposited at the moutliS of the tributary streams, thus form- 



346 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

ing deltas. It has been suggested by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill that the 
cliange in the estuary deposits was due to an elevation of the land, thus 
exposing an area around the basin which would aiTord more siliceous 
matter. 

Tlie clays of the Chaniplaiu valley are estuary formations of the 
same age as the Hudson river clays. They undei-lie the terraces along 
the lake, which have been elevated to a height of 300 or more feet 
above the lake's surface. These terraces may be traced almost continu- 
ously from Whitehall, at the head of the lake, to its northern end and 
beyond, but on account of tlie extensive erosion that has taken place 
they are usually nari'ow, and it is only at sheltei-ed points like Fort 
Kent and Beaufort that they are specially prominent. The section 
involved is yellowish Ijrown sand, yellowish brown clay and stiff blue 
clay, the latter being rather calcareous, while the upper clay is 
somewhat siliceous. 

Long Island Clays. 

The clay beds are exposed along the north shore of the island and at 
several points on the main line of the Long Island railroad. With the 
exception of four similar deposits on the north shore all the clay beds 
are rather unique in appearance. The most western clay outcrop on 
Long Island of which we have any knowledge is on Elm Point. There 
is here a bed of stoneware clay thirty to forty feet thick and overlain 
by hfteen to twenty feet of yellow gravel and drift. The ela}' is of a 
dark gray color and contains streaks of lignite. The deposit will no 
doubt prove to be of Cretaceous age. 

Another outcrop of clay of high quality is at Glen Cove in Hemp- 
stead harbor, and has long been known to be of Ci'etaceous age. The 
layers are blue, red, black and yellow and dip north ten to fifteen degrees. 
Near this locality and on the shore of Mosquito Inlet is an outcrop of 
pinkish cla}', used for fire Ijriek and stoneware. Dipping under it to 
the east is a bed of alternating layers of clay and quartz pebbles, the 
latter in layers from four inches to one foot in thickness. Associated 
with this is a bed of kaolin, but the exact relations of the two deposits 
are not known. Kaolin also outcrops from under tlie gravels on the 
west shore of Hempstead harbor. 

On Centre Island in Oyster Bay we find the most western outcrop 
of a number of clay beds which are veiy similar ; the others are at 
East jSTeck, Fresh Pond and Fisher Island. The clay on Centre Island 
is of two kinds, a lower bluish clay and an upper brown sandy clay. 
Overlying this latter is a stratified sand used for tempering and mold- 
ing. Wliite fire clay is also said to occur on Centre Island. At Jones' 
brickyard on the east shore of Cold Spring harbor is a thick deposit of 
clay. The lower portion is tough and contains little sand. The upper 
portion is more sandy and of a brown color. The clay bank is o^-er 
100 feet high. 

There is a deposit of fire clay and stoneware clay at Little Neck near 
Northport. It is of yellowish white and blue in color and stratified, 
the layers being separated liy thin sheets of sand. Overlying the clay 
is a deposit of sandy kaolin. The ontcrop is of Cretaceous age. Sev- 



Eepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 



347 



eral species of Cretaceous leaves have been found in the clay. At 
Fresh Pond the clay beds crop out along the shore for a distance of 
half a mile. They are brownish and red in color, the latter being 
more sandy. Sand overlies the clay. 

One of the niost interesting clay banks is that on Fisher's Island. 
The clay is of a reddish brown color similar to that on Centre Island, 
and in its original condition was horizontally sti-atiiied and overlain by 
twenty to thirty feet of laminated sand. But the whole deposit has 
been disturbed by the ice sheet passing over it, and the clay layers 
have been ground and crumpled. A thick bed of glacial clay occurs at 
Sontlnjld, and near it is a bed of potter's clay. 

At West Deer Park is a bank of clay twenty feet in thickness, the 
upper portion of which is yellow and red, while the lower portion is 
black and burns to a white color. About four miles west of this 
locality is another bank thirty to forty feet thick of a yellow and red 
color. Micaceous sand underlies it. The region around East Williston 
and IIicks^dlle is underlain by clay which is usually encountered a few 
feet below the surface. 



Staten Island Clats. 

These are chiefly of Cretaceous ages, and outcrop at Kreischerville, 
Gi-een Pid^e and Arrochar. Besides the clays there are several kaolin 
deposits. These clays are a continuation of the well-known belt which 
extends across Xew Jerse}-. They occur as irregularly shaped masses 
in the sand, and vary in thickness from ten to sixty feet. 

Beds of glacial clay also occur on Staten Island and are used for 
brickmaking. 

Analysis of JSTev.' Yoek Clats. 

By HERMAN VULTE, Ph. D. 



LOCALITY. 



O 

o 



o 

cm 



I 



Glens Falls red clay . . . 

Rochester red clay 

Buffalo 

Hornellsville shale 

Breesport 

Newfield -. 

Oakland VaUey 

Warwick 

East Williston 

West Neck brown clay, 

Southold 

Fisher Island 

West Deer Park 

Farminsdale : 

Alfred Centre clay . . . . 

Anijola shale 

Elm Point 

Glen Cove 

Little Neck 

Kreischerville 

Kreischerville kaolin.. . 



62.23 

.50.55 
57. m 
M.45 
.92.48 
51.30 
3r..50 
53.00 
09.73 

01 01 
59.00 
53 77 
59 83 

02 .39 
53.20 
65.15 
62.00 
70 45 
62.60 
64.26 
82 51 



16.01 
15.46 

10. ao 

17 77 
16.78 
12.21 

54.00 
23.0 
10.42 
19.23 
22.11 
20.49 
24 45 
23.60 

23 25 

15. an 

18 09 
21.74 
18.00 

24 70 
11.57 



6.96 
4 38 
4.55 
7.04 
6.79 
3.32 



2.58 
5 43 
6. .54 
9 23 
Tr. 

s.m 

10 90 
6.10 
5.40 
1.72 
97 
83 
63 



1.24 
10.95 
5. .34 
58 
6.63 
11.63 
3. 

7 
1.66 
0.90 
2.19 
4 22 
0'.23 
0.70 
1.01 
3 .90 

1 05 
0.24 
79 
0.73 
0.29 



2.21 
3.35 
3.90 
1.85 
3.. 99 
4.73 
50 
8.60 
0.69 
1.88 
2 54 
2.04 
0.59 
0.10 
62 
1..57 
Tr. 
0..30 

Tr. 

0.78 



5.08 
0.80 
6.98 
4.47 
7.16 
4.33 

4.'io 

6.27 
4.60 
6.22 
9 60 
8.75 
5 89 
3 70 
5.71 
6.11 
5.00 
2 23 
2.35 
2.66 



1 50 
5.00 
9.70 



4.28 



0.52 



93.73 
90.99 
94.33 

93.43 
89 02 

100.9 
97.35 
93.11 
98.75 
99.35 
98.18 
96.07 
99 91 
97.38 
92.71 
99.45 
SI. 74 
92 93 
98.44 



348 



JSTew Yoek at the World's Columbiajst Exposition. 



Analysis of Clays and Shales. 



LOCALITY. 



Croton Landing 

Cl'oton Landmg 

Verplank yellow clay . . 

Rondout 

Banytown 

Catskill blue clay 

Coeymans blue clay . . . 

Flattsburgh 

■Waterto\\Ti 

Ogdensburg 

Warner's calcareous 

shale . 

Waraer's red shale. . . 
Warner's blue shale. . 

Warner's clay 

Warner's cement clay 
Warner's cement clay 
Warner's cement clay 
Warner's cement clay 
Warner's cement clay 
Warner's cement clay 



63.80 

57.74 

SO. 93 

67.80 

59.81 

59 G 

51,10 

65.14 

64.39 

49.30 

25.40 
53.80 
57.79 
45.35 
45.13 
43.19 
40.00 
41.78 
41.70 
44.00 



14.66 
36.31 
36.87 



3.6 
3.00 



9 3 
4.6 
4.9 



21.00 
17.65 
13 33 
14.40 
17.47 

9.46 

18 85 

16 15 

13.19 
13.79 
14.63 
35.03 
16.09 
18.34 
17.33 



7.35 
6 47 
7.65 
5.00 
6.33 

3.24 
6 65 
6,20 
4.41 



O 
d 
O 



3 98 
3 93 
2,52 
4,85 
4.35 
3.75 
7.45 
2.18 
3.60 



33.81 
3.36 
2.73 
10.99 
13 01 
13.36 
7.13 
13.40 
13 71 
11.74 



1.05 
1.04 
1.56 
2 07 
2 29 
.96 
.87 
2 36 
1 .31 
4.87 

10 30 
4.49 
4 67 
6.38 
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355 



CATAu>fiUE OF Clays in New Yoke State Mining Exhibit. 



BRICK CLAYS. 

A Mosell, Lockport; clay. 

A. JlcClejin, Ctitskill; clay and tempci- 
ins: sand. 

JIcCabe-Bros., Green Ridge; clay. 

]\Ieclianicville Brick Co., Mccbanicvillc; 
clay. 

M. ilyer.s. Farmiugdalc; clay and sand. 

Nowtou Bros., Crescent; clay. 

New York Paving Brick Co.. Syracuse; 
clay and brick. 

S. B. Campbell, Newfield; clay and pav- 
ing brick. 

Empire State Brick Co., Breesport; 
clay. 

Dunn, Dolan & Co.. Oyster Bay, L. I.; 
clay. 

Excelsior Brick Co.. Haverstraw: clay 
and tempering sand. 

Fisher's Island Brick Co. ; clay and tem- 
pering sand. 

Flagler & Allen. Arlington: clay. 

H. L. Garret, South Trenton; clay. 

W. Hilton; clay and brick. 

H. C. Gricmes, Amsterdam; clay. 

rinrnellsville Brick Co.; shale and pav- 
ing lirick. 

Dr. Oliver .Jones, Cold Spring; clay. 

G. Longbottom, Fresh Pond; clay. 

TERRA COTTA CLAY. 

Celadon Terra Cotfei Co., Alfred Cen- 
tre; clav and roofinsr tile. 

Glens Falls Terra Cotta Co., Glens Falls; 
terra cotta. 

New York Anderson Pressed Brick Co., 
Stateu Island; terra cotta. • 

New York Architecture Terra Cotta 
Co., Long Island City. 

STONEWARE CLAY. 

Carpenter Bros.. Glen Cove. 

Northport Fire Sand Manufacturing 
Co.. Northport. 

G. W. 3Iahan, Great Neck, L. I. 

Ogden Brick Co., Binghaniton; clay. 

Onondaga Vitrified Brick Co.. Warners; 
clay and bricks. 

.1. Quimet, Pl.-ittsburgh; clay. 

B. F. Peck, E. Bethany; clay and drain 
tile. 

A[. Riesterer, Tonawanda; clay. 

Rochester Brick and Tile Co. , Roches- 
ter; clay. 



C. L. Sanford, Soutbold; clay and brick. 

B. Sigler. Clailisou-, clay. 

William Stoutner. Gloversville; clay. 

W. A. U. Briclv Co., Croton Landing; 
clay, sand and front and enameled brick. 

F. M. Van Dusen, Glasco; clay and 
sand. 

W. II. Vernon. Florida; clay. 

Watertown Pressed Brick Co., Water- 
town; clay. 

Paige Bros., Ogdensburg; clay. 

Wyandance Brick and Terra Cotta Co., 
Wyaudance, L. I. ; claj', brick and hollow 
brick. 

Robert Watson; clay. 

Adams Brick Co., Buffalo; clay. 

New York Anderson Pri'ssed Brick Co., 
Staten Island; clay and brick. 

William Bolton, Evans; cla_y. 

W. H. Bostwick. Spencer; clay. 

Brush Bros., Buffalo; clav anil brick. 

Buffalo Star Brick Co., Bnffalo; clay. 

Brush & Smith, Jewettville; shale, raw 
and ground, and brick (dry press). 

Burke it Mead, Canandaigua; clay and 
dry press brick. 



FIKE CLAY. 
Kreisc-her Bros., Staten 
and tire brick. 



Island; clay 



KAOLIN. 

Staten Island Kaolin Co., Staten Island. 
Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove. 

SEWER PIPE, HOLLOW BRICK. 

P. Hayne, Goshen; clay and sewer pipe. 

.1. E. Mecusker & Son, Jamestown; clay 
and hollow brick. 

J. Lyth & Sons. Angolia; shale and 
hollow brick. 

' ALBANY SLIP. 
New York State Drain Tile Works, 
Albany; clay, also drain tile. 

QUARTZ PEBBLES. 
Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove, L. I. 

FIRE SiU^D. 
Kreischer Bros., Staten Lsland. 
Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove. 
Northport Fire Sand Manufactui'ing Co. 



Glass Saku. 

The two chief sources of tliis material in New York are at EUen- 
ville, Ulster cmiiity, and Dtirlianiville, Oneida county. At the former 
locality the cjuan-ies are operated by tJie Crystal Sand Manufacturing 



356 ISTew Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Comijany. The saud is obtained from the Shawaiigunk grit, which is 
crushed to exceeding fineness. Much of the product is sent to the glass 
works at Corning. 

Large glass sand deposits of Quaternary age occur at Durhaniville, 
near Oneida lake. They are operated \)j William Williams. The 
sand is not as white nor as fine as that from Ellenville and is nsed for 
the commoner grades of glassware. Much of it is shipped to Lock- 
port. The sand contains ninety-seven to ninety-seven and five-tenths 
per cent Si02. 

Specimens were exhibited from the above localities. 

Feldspar and Quartz. 

Feldspar and quartz are quarried at Bedford, Westchester county, 
and are used in the manufacture of pottery. 

Contributor of Feldspar and Quartz. 
Mr. Kinkel, Bedford. 

Mineral Paints. 

The mhieral paints of New York State are from comparatively few 
localities, and are manufactured from rocks of three difterent 
formations : 

1. From Clinton iron ore. 

2. From Cambrian red and green slate. 

3. From Chemung shale. 

No statistics of production are furnished by the manufacturers. 

Contributors. 

Clinton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton. I Elko Mining and Milling Co., Ran- 
Robert Hall; paint from red and green 1 dolph : green, blue, brown and 3'ellow 
ground slate, Whitehall. | paint from ground shales. 

. Fibrous Talc. 

This materia], used extensively in the manufacture of paper, is 
entirely derived from localities in St. Lawrence county. 

Contributor. 
Asbestos Pulp Company, Gouverneur ; long and short fibre talc and ground talc. 



JivIMES AND CEMENTS. 

GROUP 47. 

This group is of great importance in New York State. Lime is 
made at innumerable localities on the outcrops of the great limestone 
formations of New York State. No better idea of the distribution of 
the lime and cement industry can be given than by saying it is chiefiy 




o 
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Report on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 



35 1 



located in the vicinity of all branches of the ISTew York Centi'al rail- 
road in the State of JSTew York. This fact is dne to the influence of 
limestone belts in determining the pliysical geogi'aphy of tJie State and 
conseijiiently of the most available lines for the construction of 
railroads. 

The lime industry is an intermittent one, there being only a few 
localities where the business of making lime is followed thronghont the 
year. Of these, Sing Sing and Pleasantville in Westcliester county, 
Howe's Cave and Glens Falls are perhaps the most important from tlie 
commercial standpoint. At innumerable localities, however, lime kilns 
are operated intermittently to supply the local demand. The principal 
manufactures of hydraulic cement are those of Rosendale near King- 
ston on the Hudson. The industry at this locality is very large and 
the product is of world-wide reputation. At Howe's Cave an hydraulic 
cement of excellent quality is manufactured. Tlie manufacture of 
Portland cement, whicli is essentially a combination of carbonate of 
lime and clay, is an industry of some importance in New York State. 
One of the principal manufactories is at Warners, Onondaga county. 



Conteibutors of Limes and Cements, 
Pleasantville; crude 



Cornell Lime Co, 
and burned lime. 

Mrs. 31. K. Anthony, Union Springs; 
lime. 

Rosendale Cement Co., Rosendale; ce- 
ment, rock, crude, burned and powdered. 

Lawrence Cement Co., Rosendale: same 
as above. 



N. Y. & Kewarlc Cement Co., Rosen- 
dale; same as preceding. 

Buffalo Cement Co.; hydraulic lime- 
stone, crude and burnt. 

Mrs. Mary Richardson Anthony,, Union 
Springs; hydraulic limestone. 

Empire Portland Clement Co., Warners; 
marl, clay and cement. 



■SALT AND GYPSUM. 



GROUP is. 

A detailed description of the salt and gypsum deposits of New 
York is given in bi:lletin of JSTew York State Museum, No. 11, by 
Frederick J. H. Merrill. The following specimens were exhibited : 



ROCK SALT. 

Retsof Salt Co., Retsof; different 
grades of salt mined. 

Lehigh Salt Mining Co.; same as 
above. 

BRINE SALT. 

Atlantic Salt Co., "Warsaw. 
Duncan Salt Co., Silver Springs. 
Empire Salt C'o., AVarsaw. 
Genesee Salt Co.. Piffard. 
Guinlock & Ilumplire)', Warsaw. 
Ha-.vlev Salt Co., Warsaw. 
Kerr Salt Co.. Rock Glen. 
Leroj' Salt Co., Leroy. 



Onondaga Coarse Salt Association, Syr- 
acuse. 
Pearl Creek Salt Co., Pearl Creek. 
Perry Salt Co., Perry. 
Royal Salt Co., Mt. Morris. 
Warsaw Salt Co., Warsaw. 
York Salt Co., York. 

GYPSUM. 

Cayuga Plaster Co., L^nion Springs. 

J. "W" Garbutt, Garbuttsville. 

W. C. Hurd, Fayettcville. 

Also, gypsum from Mumford, Caledo- 
nia and Port Gibson, but the names of 
the contributors were not on the speci- 
mens. 



358 



New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



The mineral waters of ISTew York State are so well known as to 
require no comment, but an entire case was devoted to samples from 
the various springs and wells, representing an industry of considerable 
financial value. 



Adirondack Mineral Springs (H. V. 
Knight), Whitehall, Washington county. 

Avon Sulphur Spi-ings (O. D. Phelps), 
Avon, Livingston county. 

Artesian Lithia Spring (0. 0. McCreedy), 
Ballston Spa, Saratoga countj'. 

Cairo White Sulphur Spring (H. K. 
Lyon), Cairo, Greene county. 

Caj'uga Mineral Spring (Lucius Bald- 
win), Cayuga, Cayuga county. 

Chittenango White Sulphur Springs 
(W. H. Young), Chittenango, Madison 
county. 

Chlorine Springs (J. L. Grover), Syra- 
cuse, Onondaga count}'. 

Clifton Springs (Dr. Henry Foster), 
Clifton Springs, Ontario county. 

Dansville Springs (J. Arthur Jackson, 
Secretary and Manager), Dansville, Liv- 
ingston county. 

Deep Rock Spring (Deep Kock Spring 
Co.), Oswego, Oswego county. 

Massena Springs (Sheddon & Stearns), 
Miissena, St. Lawrence county. 

Nunda Mineral Springs (Daniel Price), 
Nunda, Livingston county. 

Reid's Mineral Spring (J. R. McNeil), 
South Argyle, Washington count}'. 



Richfield Springs (T. R. Proctor), Rich- 
field Springs, Otsego county. 

Champion Spring (J. Z. Formel), Sara- 
toga Springs, Saratoga county. 

Empire Spring (H. W. Hayes, Man- 
ager), Saratoga Sprina's, Saratoga county. 

Excelsior Spring (F. W. Lawrence), 
Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. 

Geyser Springs (Geyser Spring Co.), 
Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. 

Hathoru Spring (Hathorn Spring Co.), 
Saratoga Spring?, Saratoga county. 

Old Red Spring (E. H. Peters, Superin- 
tendent), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga 
county. 

Vichy Springs (L. A. James, Superin- 
tendent), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga 
county. 

Sharon Springs (John H. Gardner & 
Son), Sharon Spring.s, Schoharie county. 

Slaterville Magnetic Springs (W. .J. 
Cams & Son), Slaterville, Tompkins 
county. 

Verona Mineral Springs (A. A. Hunt, 
M. D.), Verona, Oneida county. 

Victor Spring (H. J. Dickinson, Buf- 
falo), Darien Centre, Genesee count}'. 

White Sulphur Springs (T. C. Luther), 
Ballston Spa, Saratoga county. 



IRON ORES. 

CtEoup 49. 

The iron ores of New York are fully described in Bulletin No. 7 of 
tlie New York State Museum, by Pi-of. J. C. Suiock. In this report 
full statistical information is given concerning these ores up to the date 
of puoiication. The following is a catalogue of the exhibit : 

MAGNETITE. 



Chateaugay Ore and Iron Co. , Chateau- 
gay ; crude ore and concentrate. 

Magnetic Iron Ore Co. ; crude ore, con- 
centi'ates and t".ilings. 

Port Henry Iron Ore Co. ; crude ore. 

Witherliee, Sherman & Co. ; crude ore. 

Tilly Foster Iron Mine ; crude ore. 

HEMATITE. 
Clinton Iron Ore Co., Clinton; crude ore. 



Furnaceville Iron Co., Ontario; crude 
ore. 

LIMONITE. 
Tower & Bro., Poughkeepsie ; 



A. E, 
crude ore 

Ancram Iron Ore Co., Ancram ; crude 
ore, 

SIDERITE. 

Hudson River Ore and Iron Co. (Bur- 
den) ; crude and roasted ore. 



Eepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 



359 



INDIYIDUAL EXHIBITS. 



GEOUP 42. 



Crum, A. B., Middleville ; crystals, car- 
bon and liquid inclusions, etc. 

Egleston, Prof. , New York ; minerals 
and materials used in liiines. 

Englisii, Geo. L. , ic Co. , New York; min- 
eral specimens, gems and precious stones. 

Kunz. Geo. F., New York ; cabinet of 
meteorites, mineral collections. 

New York Mineralogical Club, New 
York ; minerals and rocks from New 
Y'ork island. 



New York State ; mineral specimens. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; a. collection 
of minerals systematically arranged; 
l>. collection cut and uncut gems and 
precious stones. 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 
Rochester ; a. collection of minerals; 
i. cabinet of meteorites ; c. rocks and 
petrology; d. cabinet of marbles. 



GEOUP 43. 

Standard Oil Co., New York; petroleum products of every kind; products of 
paratHne wax. 

GROUP 44. 
Pritchard, Robert D., Middle Granville; red slate. 

GEOUP 45. 
Behr, Herman. & Co., New York ; flint emery paper and cloth, pumice, etc. 

GEOUP 46. 
Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; general collection of asbestos. 

GEOUP 47. 
Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co. , New York ; asphalt. 



GEOUP 48. 



Battelle & Renwick, New York ; salt- 
petre, refined brimstone, etc. 

Roessler & Hasslaclie.r Chemical Co., 
New York ; chemicals for mining 
Industries. 



Saratoga Lithia Spring Co., Saratoga; 
mineral water. 

White, T. & S. C, New York; refined 
sulphur, virgin rock and flower. 



GEOUP 49. 



Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn; chrome 
steel castings, welded chrome steel and 
iron. 

Lancaster, James H., New York; direct 
process steel. 

GEOUP 51. 

Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co., New York; 
ment of copper by wet method ; c. copper ingots. 



Lipe, Chas. E., Syracuse; samples of 
welding bronze and iron. 

Worthington, H. R., New York; hy- 
draulic pressure pump. 



a. copper ores ; b. treat- 



GEOUP 53. 
Emmens Metal Co., New York; metallic nickel, nickel salts and alloys. 



GEOUP 54. 



Kunz, Geo. F.. New York ; platinum 
earth, concentrates, coins and photog- 
raphy. 

Tiffany & Co., New Y'ork : all alloys of 



gold and silver ; methods of saving gold 
in gold and silver smithing. 

Union Electric Co., New York; lubri- 
cating metal. 



360 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposit 



rioN. 



GROUP 55. 
Mechanical Gold Extractor Co., New York ; Crawford gold extracting milla 

GROUP 57. 
Tiffany & Co., New York; savingaud reclaiming gold from floor dust, water, etc. 

GROUP 5S. 

General Electric Co., New York; clian- 1 drills, chauuelers, gadders, quarry bars, 
ncling machine. etc. 

IngersoU-Sergeant Drill Co., New York; I Kund Drill Co., New York; quarry bars. 

GROUP Co. 

General Electric Co., New York; method of lighting mines, electric blowers, fans 
and air eompressers. 

GROUP (>1. 

General Electric Co., New York; elec- 
tric drills and co.mI cutters. 

Ingersoll-Scrgcant Drill Co., New York; 
air eompressers, drills, tripods and 
columns, coal cutters, quarry bars and 
blasting liatteries. 

Lancaster, Jas. li.. New Y'ork; grap- 
ples or ore diggers. 



Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- 
pressors and power drills. 

8uydani, John. Albany; metal flexible 
joint. 

Worfehington, Henry H., New York; 
water supply pump for diamond drill. 



GROUP G2. 



General Electric Co., New York; elec- 
tric pumps. 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls; deep 
mine pump. 



Lancaster, Jas. H., New York; air 
comiiressers. 

Worthiugtou, II. R., New York; mine 
pumps. 



GROUP 03. 

General Electric Co., New York; elec- 1 Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; hoisting 
trie locomotive. ' machine. 

GROUP G-lr. 

Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn; crushed i breaker and ore crusher; b. combined 
plates, roll shells, shoes anil dies. j crusher, rolls and screen; c. ore and rock 

Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; a. rock | granulators. 

GEOUP 67. 



Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; 
photographs of pavements, etc. 

Bisbee, Williams ifc Co., New York; 
model of furnace. 

Brumelkamp, P. J., Syracuse; pietiu'es 
of the salt reservation. 

Egleston, T., New York; blowpipe 
reactions. 

Kunz, Geo. P., New York; collection 



of framed portraits of mineralogists, me- 
tallurgists, etc. 

Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; models 
of iron ore, deoxidizers and melting fur- 
naces for making .'teel. 

Ward, Ilenr.y A., Rochester; relief maps. 

Weiidt, Asturo P., New York; photo- 
graphs of metidlurgi'cal works. 



Exhibits Classed in Cither Departments, but Installed in 
*-~ Depakj'ment E. 

department T). — group -to. 
Kimz, Geo. P., New York; wampum made from New Jersey shells. 

departjient M. 

Kunz. Geo. P., New York; busts, portraits and medals of famous niiueralogists, 
metallurgists, etc. 



1— ..-■? 

^1 



Ij 




■^ 









^' 








3 

> 
V 

X 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPAPJ- 
MENT F, MACHINERY. 



GKOUP 



69. 



Abendroth & Eoot Mfg. Co., Kew 
York ; boilers. 

American Fire Engine Co., Seneca 
Fiills ; boilers, etc. 

American Leather Link Belt Co., New 
York ; leatlaer link belting. 

Babcock & AVilcox Co., New York; 
boilers. 

Babcock & Wilcox Co., New Y'ork ; 
model of water tube, etc. 

Ball & Wood Co., New York : boilers, 
etc. 

Blake, George F., Mfg. Co., New Y'ork; 
condensers. 

Buffalo Steam Pump Co. , Buffalo ; 
pumps, etc. 

Cameron Steam Pump Works, New 
York ; pumps. 

Carlson, Conrad, Brooklyn : hod ele- 
vating system. 

Clonbrook Steam Boiler Works, Brook- 
Ij'n ; boilers. 

Consolidated Safety Valve Co., New 
York ; valves. 

Conover ^Ifg. Co., New York : jet 
condenser, etc. 

Davidson, M. T., Brooklyn; pumps. 

Dejonge, E., New Y'ork ; boiler com- 
pound. 

De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine 
Co., New Y^ork ; refriggrating and ice 
machinery. 

Eddy Valve Co. , Waterford ; fire 
hydrants and valves. 

Electric Pipe Bending Co., Harrison; 
pipe coils. 

Fasoldt, E. C, Albany; air compressors. 

Floyd, James R., & Son, New York ; 
shde valve. 

Fuel Economizer Co., Matteawan ; 
flue heaters. 

General Electric Co., New York ; 
transmission of power. 

Gould Mfg.'Co., Seneca Falls ; pumps. 

Hoffeld, R., & Co., Buffalo; leather 
belting. 

Hunt, C. W., & Co., New York; steam 
engines. 

ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. , New Y''ork; 
air comnressors. 



New 



Knowles Steam Pump Works, 
York ; pumping machinery. 

Lake Erie Engineering Works. Buffalo; 
engines. 

Lidgerwood Mfg. Co. , New York ; 
electric mining hoist. 

Matthews, John, Apparatus Co., New 
Y'ork ; soda water machinery. 

Mcintosh, Seymour ik Co., Auburn ; 
compound condensing engines. 

Morris JIachine Works, Baldwinsville ; 
stuff pump. 

National Meter Co., Buffalo; gas 
engines. 

New York Belting and Packing Co., 
New Y'ork ; belting, etc. 

New York Oil Cabinet Co. , New York ; 
oil cabinets. 

New York Safety Steam Power Co., 
New York ; automatic cut-off engines. 

Payne, B. W. , & Sons, Elmira ; steam 
engine. 

Rand Drill Co., New Y^ork ; air com- 
pressors. 

Rider Engine Co., Walden ; engines. 

Shock, Gustave, New York ; beer 
machinery, etc. 

Simplex Mfg. Co., Esopus-on-Hudson 
boilers. 

Snow Steam Pump Co., Buffalo 
pumps. 

Thompson, Bushnell Co., New Y'ork 
flue cleaners 

Turner Machine Co., New Y'ork 
motors, pumps, etc. 

Watertown Steam Engine Co., Water- 
town ; engines. 

Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., 
New York ; engines. 

Wheeler Condenser and Engineering 
Co., New York; condensers. 

Wing, L. J., & Co., New Y'ork ; disc 
fans. 

Wittemann Bros., New York ; bottles, 
etc. 

Worthington, Henry R. , New Y'ork ; 
pumps and pumping machinery. 

Ya wman & Erbe, Rochester ; bottle 
washing apparatus. 



GKOUP 70. 



American Fire Engine Co., Seneca Falls; 
fire engines, ho.se carts, etc. 

Waterbury Rubber Co., New York; 
armored hose. 

46 



Worthington, Henry 
fire pumping engines. 



R., New York; 



362 



J^Ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



GEOUP 71. 



Bliss, E. W., & Co., Brooklyn; metal 
working machines. 

Capital Machine Tool Co., Auburn ; 
vises. 

General Electric Co., New York; turn- 
ing device. 

Gleason Tool Co. , Rochester ; engine 
lathes. 

Keystone Mfg. Co., Buffalo ; wrenches. 

Manning, Maxwell & Moore, New York; 
machine tools. 

Morrill Bros. , Brooklyn; drop hammer. 



Niagara Stamping and Tool Co., 
Buffalo; tools, etc, 

Saunders, U., Sons, Yonkers; pipe cut- 
ting machinery. 

Stiles & Parker Press Co., Brooklyn; 
wheel presses and drop hammer. 

Westcott Chuck Co., Oneida, lathe 
chucks. 

Williams, J. H., & Co., Brooklyn; drop 
forgings. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
pump. 



GEOUP 72. 



Baker & Shevlin, Saratoga Springs; 
bellows bottom screen. 

Barton Mfg. Co., New York, rubber 
stamp machinery. 

Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and 
cording machines. 

Lightning Reader Co., Spring ville ; 
beading machines. 



Manning, John J. , New York ; paper 
winding rolls. 

Singer Mfg. Co., New York; sewing 
machines. 

Tracy, Harriet R., New York ; sewing 
machine. 



GEOUP 73. 



American Wood Decorating Machine 
Co., New York; wood embossing machine. 

Doig, Wm. S., Brooklyn; box nailing 
machine. 



Holmes, E. &B., Buffalo; wood work- 
ing machiner}\ 

Prybil, Paul, New York; saws, planers, 
etc. 



GEOUP 74. 



American Box Machine Co., Amster- 
dam ; cutting and jsaper box machines^ 

American Type Founders Co., New- 
York; type machines and ajiijliances. 

Burrell, D. H.. & Co.,Poughkeepsie; 
paper feeding machines. 

Campbell Printing Press Mfg. Co., 
New York ; printing presses. 

Dexter Folder Co., Fulton ; folding 
machinery. 

Gaily, Merritt, Nev/ York ; printing 
presses. 

fioe.R., & Co., New York 
presses. 

Howard 
cutters. 



printing 
Iron Works, Buffalo ; paper 



Co., Amsterdam: paper 



Inman Mfg. 
box machines. 

Johnson Peerless Works, New York ; 
job presses. 

McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn ; 
rulitig machinery. 

Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New York ; 
type setting machine. 

Potter, CT, Jr., &Co., New York; print- 
ing presses. 

Sheridan, T. W. & C. B., New York; 
book binding machinery. 

Thompson, John, Press Co., New 
York ; printing presses. 



GEOUP 75. 

Ottman, J., Lithographing Co., New | Scott, Walter, & Co., Plainfield ; litho- 
York; complete lithograph establishment, j graphic presses. 



GEOUP 77. 



American Street CleaningTMachine Co., 
Sag Harbor ; street cleaning machine. 

Ashcroft Mfg. Co., New York; 
machinery appliances. 

Clough & Maconnell, New York ; wire 
corkscrews. 

Dejonge, Emil, New York ; anti- 
corrosion. 



Hay den & Derby Mfg. Co., New York ; 
injectors. 

Hohmann & Maurer Mfg. Co., New 
York ; thermometers. 

Nathan Mfg. Co. , New York ; oil cups, 
etc. 

New York Oil Cabinet Co., New York ; 
oil cabinets. 



Catalogue of Machixeey Exhibit. 



363 



Rutzler, E., Kew York; exhaust head 
for raaiu power plant. 

SchafEer & Budenberg, New York ; 
automatic injectors. 

Sherwood Mfg. Co., Buffalo; CDgines, 
etc. 

Smith, Andrew H., New Y'ork ; street 
cleaning machines. 



Tliomp.son & Bushnell Co., New York; 
injectors. 

Tro}' Laundry JNIachineiy Co., Troy; 
laundry machinery. 

U. S. Street Sweeping Co., New Yoi-k ; 
street sweeping machines. 



GROUP iS. 

Caruss, J. H., & Co., New York; ma- 
chiner}' for grinding and polishing 
lenses. 

Gouverneur Machine Co., Gouverneur; 
mill for sawing stone. 



Mitchell, Cornelius S., New York ; 
cherry heating welding compound. 

Tabor Mfg. Co. , New Y'ork ; molding 
machine. 

"Worthington, Henry R., New Y''ork; 
rolling mill pressure pump. 



GROUP 79. 

Smith, John E., & Sons, Buffalo; meat I Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
choppers. vacuum pumps. 

Squier, Geo. L., Mfg. Co., Buffalo;' 
machines for preparation of food. | 



Exhibits Classed in Other Departments, but Installed in 

Depakthent F. 

department G. GROUP 85. 

Worthington, Hemy R., New York; wrecking pumps, etc. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT G, TRANSPORTATION. 



COLLECTIYE EXHIBIT. 



Chart of railroads, showing mileaffc in 
1894, 8724.88 miles. 

Model of lock bviilt in Little Falls in 
1795; scale 1-30. 

Model of standard lengthened lock now 
in use on Erie canal, scale 1-30, 

Maps. 

State map showing railroads and canals. 
Relief map of Erie canal. 



PhOTOGRjVPHS. 

Annual inspection party, 1893. 
Erie Canal Aqueducts: 
(1) Crescent over Mohawk river; 
(3) Eexford Flats over Mohawk river; 
(3) Rochester over Genesee river. 
View of tow on Hudson river. 
View of village of Black Rock in 1833 
(from old engraving). 

View of Albanj' basin in 1835, eastern 
terminus of canal (from old engraving). 



INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS. 

GROUP SO. 



Brooks, E. J. , & Co., New Tork; freight 
car sealing service. 

Brooks Locomotive "Works, Dunkirk; 
locomotives. 

Consolidated Car Heating Co., Albany; 
model heating systems. 

Frost Veneer Seating Co., New York; 
veneer goods. 

General Electric Co., New York; elec- 
tric locomotives, etc. 

Gould Car Coupler Co., Buffalo: 
couplers. 

Greeley, E. S. , & Co. , New York, track 
gauges, etc. 

Hunt, C. W., Co., New York; machinery 
for handling material. 

Keller Printing Co., New York; rail- 
way tickets, etc. 

Kinsman Block System Co., New York; 
model of automatic electric block system. 

Merchants Desjsatch Transportation 
Co., New York; refrigerator car. 

Nathan Mfg. Co., New York; injectors 
and lubricators. 

New York Air Brake Co., New York; 
air brakes. 

New York Car Wheel Co., Buffalo; car 
wheels. 



New York Central and Hudson River 
Railroad Co., New York; motive power 
and rolling stock. 

Parks. William C, Troy; model of 
track construction. 

Pratt & Letohworth, Buffalo; car 
couplers. 

Safety Car Heating Co., New York; 
car heating apparatus, etc 

Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schen- 
ectady; locomotives. 

Self Winding Clock Co., New York; 
train dispatching clock. 

Standard Car (Joupling Co., New York; 
car coupling, etc. 

Thacher Car and Construction Co., New 
York; automatic dumping cars. 

Trojan Car Coupler Co., Troy; car 
couplers. 

LTnion Bridge Co., New York; photo- 
graphs of bridges, etc. 

Wagner Palace Car Co., New York; 
passenger equipment. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
railway water supply pump. 

Young Reversible Lock Nut Co., New 
York; rail joint with locks. 



GROUP 81. 



General Electric Co., New York; elec- 
tric railway equipment. 

Greeley ,'E. S., &Co., N^w York; over- 
head construction material. 

Jones', J. M., Sons, West Troy; street 
railway cars. 

Parke, Robert A., New York; com- 
pressed air street car. 

Peckham Motor Truck and Wheel Co., 
Kingston; motor truck. 



Ramapo Wheel and Foundry Co., Ram- 
apo; boltless steel-tired wheels. 

Stedman, J. H., Rochester; street rail- 
way transfer ticket. 

Stephenson, John, New York; cable 
car. 

Stephenson, .John, Co,, Ncav York; 
truck for electric I'ailway car. 

Taylor Electric TruckCo., Troy; motor 
truck for street railwaj'. 




o 

Q 
_j 

D 

?: 

O 

•<■ 

I- 
ai 
O 
c 

< 



Catalogue of Teanspoetation Exhibit. 



365 



GEOUP 82. 
ilankin, T. L., Sacketts Harbor; ice railway. 

GEOUP S3. 



Aubeuf, A. H., Oneida; liand carts, 
etc. 

Barber Asphalt PaviugCo., New York; 
traction recording vehicle. 

Brewster & Co., New York; carriages 
and sleighs. 

Buffalo Spring Gear Co., Buffalo; 
vehicles. 

Catel}' tt Ettling, Cortland; top for 
buggy. 

Champion Wagon Co., Owego; farm 
and lumber wagons. 

Columbian Carriage Co., New York; 
baby carriages. 

Cook, William, New York; children's 
carriages. 

Cunningham, Jas., Son & Co., Roches- 
ter; carriages, etc. 

Curley, John, Brooklj'n; carriages, etc. 

Dark, Thos., & Sons, Buffalo; garbage 
wagon. 

Deminger, Michael F., Brooklyn; hearse 
plumes. 

Eecles, Richard, Auburn ; carriage 
forgings. . 

Fenton Metal Mfg. Co., Jamestown; 
bicj'cle accessories. 

Fitch Gear Co., Rome; wagon gear. 

Flandreau & Co., New York; carriages, 
etc. 

Freeland & Bradley, WellsviUe; car- 
riage poles. 

Geneva Carriage Works, Geneva; 
wagons, etc. 

Getz, Henry, New York; tally-ho 
coach (1765). 

Glens Falls Buckboard Co., Glens Falls; 
buckboards. 

Hall Mfg. Co., New York; luggage 
carrier and spoke grip. 



Hanniman, Chas., New York; baby 
carriage brake. 

India Rubber Co., New York; harness 
trimmings. 

McClinchie, Uriah, New York; baby 
carriages. 

Melville. John, Buffalo; display horses. 

Metal Stamping Co., New York; car- 
riage hardware. 

Mogul Mfg. Co., New York; steel 
springs. 

Moore, L. Murray, Rochester; trucks, 

New York Fifth Wheel Co.. Brooklyn; 
fifth wheel. 

O'Connor Hame Fastener Co., New 
York; hame fastener. 

Peerless Mfg. Co., New York; bicj'cle 
sundries. 

Pratt & Letch worth, Buffalo; hames, 
saddlery, etc. 

Remington Arms Co.,Ilion; bicycles.etc. 

Rochester Wheel Co. , Rochester; vehi- 
cle wheels, etc. 

Schaefer & Schlegel, Rochester; car- 
riage and hearse trimmings. 

Shermau, C. H., Glens Falls; old style 
sleigh. 

Trades News Pub. Co., New York; 
"The Hub." 

Union Hardware Co., Union; coach 
forgings. 

Whitman Saddle Co., New York; sad- 
dles, whips, etc. 

Whitney, Russell M., Olean; wagon 
hubs. 

Wilson, Myers & Co., New York; bi- 
cycles, etc. 

Woods, Wm. J., Cold Spring; whiiHe- 
tree coupUng. 



GEOUP 84. 

Otis Bros. & Co., New York; elevators. I Worthington Henry R., New York; 

I elevator pumping machine'y. 

GEOUP 85. 



Century Co., New York; drawings of 
modes of transportation. 

Chase Elevator & Manton Windlass Co. , 
New York; windlasses and coal elevator. 

Continental Iron Works, Brooklyn; 
steel furnaces for marine boilers. 

Coston Night Signal Co., New York; 
marine night signals. 

Daimber Motor Co., New York; pleasure 
launch. 

De Grauw, Aymar & Co. ; boat oars, 
etc. 

Gas Engine and Power Co., New York; 
naphtha launches. 



General Electric Co., New York; electric 
motors, etc. 

Harper Bros., New York; transporta- 
tion subjects illustrated. 

Hogan, T., & Sons; ocean steamship 
models. 

Kahnweiler, David, New York ; life 
.saving appliances. 

McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn; 
models of marine brake. 

McBean, Edge & Co., Buffalo; vessel 
signal lights. 

Merrill, R., Sons, New York; compasses, 
etc. 



366 



New York at thk Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



New York and New Jersey Sandy Hook 
pilots, New York; inodel of pilot boat. 

Nicaraiigua Canal Construction Co., 
New York; relief model of Nicaraugua 
caual. 

Pain, James, & Sons, New York; pyro- 
technics for ship's use. 

Pratt & Letchworth, Buffalo; propeller 
wheels. 

Providence and Stoning'ton Steamship 
Co., New York ; models and pictures of 
steamboats. 

Rush ton, J. li., Canton; row and sail 
boats, etc. 



Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., 
New York; gas lighted marine buoj'S. 

Smith & Stanton, New York; drawings 
of steam vessels. 

Spanish Transportation Co., New York; 
model of S. S. "Pillafo." 

Summers, James C, New York; litho- 
graph book of j'aclits. 

Turner, J. Spencer, New York; Ontario 
cotton sail duck. 

Webb, J. Beavor, New York; models of 
yachts. 



GEOUP 86. 
General Electrical Co., New York; recovered projector U. S. ship Trenton. 



Exhibits Classed in Other Departments, but Installed in This. 

GROUP 128. 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y.; I Otis Bros. &. Co., New York; electric 
electric pump. j pump. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT H, MANUFACTURES. 



GROUP 8'i 



Cheesebrougli SIf g. Co. , New York ; 
soaps, toilet preparations. 

Dodge & Olrott, New York; drugs and 
cliemicals, essential oils. 

Durkee, E. E., & Co., New York; 
flavoring e.xtracts. 

Fritzsche Bros., New York; essential 
oils. 

Gardner, R. W., New York ; syrup of 
hydriodic acid. 

Gribble & Nash, New York; refined 
camphor. 

Hotchkiss, N. G. , Sons, Lyons ; essen- 
tial oils. 



Ladd & CofSn, New York ; perfumery, 
cologne and sachet powder. 

Lazell, Dalley & Co., New York ; per- 
fumery. 

Low's, Robert, Son, Brooklyn ; toilet 
soaj) and perfumeries. 

i\Iarx & Rawolle, New York; glycerine. 

Morgan, Enoch, Sons, New York ; 
scouring soap. 

Ricksecker, Theo. , New York ; per- 
fumery and toilet goods. 

Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., 
New York ; chemicals. 



GEOUP SS. 



Celluloid Zapon Co., New York; liquid 
celluloid. 

Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., New 
York ; iacquers and varnishes. 

Hebbenwhite Mfg. Co., Buffalo; stove 
poUsh. 

International Ultramarine Works, New 
York ; ultramarine blue. 

Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York ; 
paints, oils and stains. 



Scientific Art and Becorative Co., New 
York ; decorative paint. 

The Frank Miller Co., New York; 
harness dressing. 

Valentine, Lawson, Co. , New York ; 
varnishes and colors. 

Valentine & Co., New York; varnishes, 
colors and material. 



GEOUP 89. 



American Paper Pail and Box Co., New 
York ; paper pails, boxes and napkins. 

Arabol Mfg. Co., New York; adhesive 
pastes. 

Bartbolomae, H,. & Co., New York; 
wall paper. 

Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; 
wall paper. 

Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; 
typewriters. 

Book Typewriter Co., Rochester; book 
typewriters. 

Caw's Pen and Ink Co., New York ; 
fountain and stylographic pens and writ- 
ing inks. 

Crandall Machine Co., Groton; type- 
writers. 

Columbia Typewriter Mfg. Co., New 
Y'ork ; typewriters. 

Cyclostyle Co. , New York; duplicators, 
stands and cabinets. " 

Densmore Typewriter Co., New York; 
tj'pewriters. 

Essex T3'pewritcr, New York; type- 
writers. 

Franklin Manufacturing Co., Rochester; 
lumber crayons, oil. 



Graves, Robert, & Co., New York; wall 
Ph., Mfg. Co., New York ; 
P., Rochester; ofBce sup- 



paper. 

Hake, 
stationery. 

Little, A. 
plies. 

Office Specialty Co. . Rochester ; mer- 
cantile labor-saving devices. 

Perfection Ink Well Co., Albany ; per- 
fection ink wells. 

Remington Typewriter, New York ; 
typewriters and appurtenances. 

Rockwell & Rupel Co., Rochester; 
office supplies. 

Rogers Manifold and Carbon Paper Co., 
New York; manifold and carbon paper, 
typewriter supplies. 

Shattuck Pen Co., New York ; gold 
pens, hard rubber fountain penholders 
and stationerv specialities. 

Smith, The S. T., Co., New York; 
typewriter supplies. 

Standard Paint Co., New York; in- 
sulating and waterproof papers. 

The Thompson Norris Co., Brooklyn; 
bottle packing, cork and corrugated 
paper goods. 



368 



I^Ew York at the Wueld's Columbian Exposition. 



Tiffany & Co., New York; <t. fine 
■writiug- papers, envelopes, etc.; h. ink- 
stands, paper weiglits, penholders, etc. 

Warren, Fuller tt Co., New York; wall 
paper. 

Waterman, L. E. , & Co., New York; 
fountain pens. 

Wells Mfg. Co., Syracu.se; letter files, 
indexed books, racks, etc. 



Whiting Paper Co., New York ; paper, 
envelopes, visiting cards, etc. 

Williams Tj'pewriter Co., Brooklyn; 
typewriter, punches and perforators. 

Wyckoffi. Seamans «& Benedict, New 
York ; typewriters and appurtenances. 

Yost Writing Machine Co., New York ; 
typewriters. 



GEOUP 90. 



Buffalo Brass and Iron Bedstead Co., 
Buffalo; brass and iron bedsteads. 

Herts Bros., New York; furniture deco- 
rations and draperies. 

Hunzinger, Geo., & Son, New York; 
chairs, sofas and tables. 

Jansen, Edward; New York; interior 
decorations. 

Klaber, S., & Co., New York; Mexican 
onyx and other marble and bronze orna- 
mentations. 

Lewis, P. C, Mfg. Co., Catskill; rcchn- 
ing chairs. 

"Marks Adjustable Folding Chair Co., 
New York; live folding chairs. 

National Wall Paper Co.. New York; 
a. wall papers; b. shade rollers. 

Nevius & Haviland, New York; spring 
shade rollers, wall paper. 



Sargent Mfg. Co., New York; revolv- 
ing bookcases. 

Schlesinger. Wiessner & Co., South 
Brooklyn; metallic beds, steel furniture, 
etc. 

Schwarzwaelder, Wm., & Co., New 
York; roll top desks. 

Singer Mfg. Co., New York; sewing 
machine cabinets. 

Smith. B. & W. B., New York; office 
and store furniture. 

Sj'pher & Co., New York; tapestries, 
souvenirs of Emperor Napoleon, etc. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; ((. chairs; b. tables. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; boudoir 
mirror and hand mirror. 



GEODP 

Celadon Terra Cotta Co., Alfred Centre; 
terra cotta tiles. 

Onondaga Pottery Co., Syracuse; china. 



01. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New 
York; ((. tiles; b. decorations; c. mosaics. 



GROUP 92. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a. marble monuments; b. marble 
ornaments; c. marble mantels. 

GROUP 93. 



Nicholas i^Iueller Art Bronze Co., New 
York; bronze and electro -bronze statuettes. 

Power, Maurice J., New York; bronze 
statuary. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; art metal work, hronzes, bas- 



reliefs, iron forging, repousse and chiseled 
work. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; a. art metal 
work, engraved iron, etc.; b. cloissone 
enamels; c. champ leve enamels; d. niello 
work. 



GEOUP 

Hoare, .T. & Co. , Corning; cut, engraved 
and rock crystal cutting. 

Straus, L., & Sons, New York; a. cut 
glassware; b, fancy glassware. 

Tiffany Glass arid Decorating Co., New 



9i. 

York; a. onyx glass; b. glass mosaics, 
etc. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; liqueur bot- 
tles, glasses and flasks, cut glass, silver 
mounted. 



GROUP 95. 

Tiffanjr Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a. domestic stained glass; S. 
siastical stained glass. 



eccle- 



GBOUP 



Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; If. wood carving; b. ivory carving; 
c. en£?;raved glass. 



96. 

Tiffany 



& Co., New York; a. ivory 
carvmg; b. metal carving and chiseling; 
c. scufptured- glass. 




>- 
< 

ai. 
O 
O 

Q 



Q 



O 
O 



CataloCtUE of the Manufactuees Exhibit. 



369 



GEOUP 97. 



Diepenbrock & Uchtman, New York: 
church vestments, flags and banners. 

Manhattan Silver Plate Co., Lyons; 
gold and silver plated hollow ware. 

TiSany & Co., New York; a. gold and 



silver ware, the magnolia vase, collection 
of yachting trophies, etc.; i. silver table 
ware, plates, salvers, tureens, bowls, 
baskets, candelabra, epergnes, etc. 



GEOUP 98. 



Bell & Barber, New York; 
ornaments. 

Brown's Amber Mfg. Co., 
amber products. 

Canini, J. A., Saratoa 
jewelrv. 

Cor bin, D. R., New York; 

Favre, Leon, New York; 
transferring portraits from a 
on watches, lockets, etc. 



jewelry and 

New York; 

:a Springs; 

jewelry, 
process for 
photograph 



Gaynor & Washburne, New York; 
interchangeable jewehy. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; onyx ornaments. 

Tiffanj- & Co., New York; a. gold and 
silver ornaments for the person; It. collec- 
tion of diamonds and various colored 
gems, rough, cut and mounted; c. agates, 
onyx, jasper, etc., ornaments for the per- 
son, pearls, natural and mounted. 



GEOUP 99. 



Bundy Manufacturing Co., Bingham- 
ton; automatic time recorders. 

Self-winding Clock Co., New York; 
self-winding clocks and method of time 
distribution by electricity. 



Tiffanj' & Co., New York; a. watches 
and watch-cases, chronographs; b. clocks; 
the Globe clock, astronomical clocks, 
etc. 



GEOUP 100. 



American Silk Label Co., New York; 
woven labels. 

Blumenthal, A. & S., New York; silk 
ribbons. 

Castle Braid Co., New York; silk and 
mohair braids. 

Cutter, .John D., New York, n. spool 
silk and machine twist; b. plain silks; 
c. fancy silks. 

Dexter, Lambert & Co., New York 
a. dress silks; b. ribbons. 

Doherty & Wadsworth, New York 
a. silk dress goods, surahs; b. silk ribbons 

Elwood, B. E. & E., Fort Plain; broad 
silks. 

Empire Silk Co., New York; silk dress 
goods. 

Hamil & Booth, New York: a. dress 
silks, brocades: b. ribbons. 

Hitchcock & Meding Co., New York; 
a. satin, damask, brocatels, etc.; b. dress 
silks: c. ribbon and tie silks. 

.Jennings -Lace Works, New York; 
laces, gloves, mitts, veils and scarfs. 



•Johnson, Cowdin & Co., New York; 
silk ribbons. 

Kayser, Julius, & Co., New York; silk 
underwear, glove.;, mitts, etc. 

Levy Bros., New York; silk ribbons. 

Liberty Silk Co., New York; dress 
silks. 

Pelgram & Meyer, New York; a. dress 
silks: b. ribbons. 

Robertson, William, New York; silk 
curtains and upholstery silks. 

Stearns, John N., New York; dress 
silks. 

Strange, William, Co., New York; 
a. serges; b. dress silks; c. linings; d. rib- 
bons. - 

Sutro Bros. Braid Co., New York; 
trimming braids. 

The Rhenania Mills, College Point; 
silk velvet ribbons. 

Trevor. William, New York; cravats, 
handkerchiefs, ties, etc. 



GEOUP 101. 



Asbestos Specialty Co., Buffalo; asbes- 
tos articles. 

Johns, H. W., Manufacturing Co., 
New York; a.sbestos miiterial woven, 
spun, felted, etc. 

Pantasote Leather Co., New York; sub- 
stitute for leather. 

47 



Potter, Thos., Sons & Co., New York; 
oil cloths. 

Tannette Manufacturing Co.. New 
York; leather imitation for furniture, 
etc. 



370 



New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



GEOur 102. 



Garner & Co., New York; printed cot- 
ton piece goods, calicoes, percales, sateens, 
etc. 

New York Mills, New York; cotton 
goods, white and colored, muslins, jeans, 
cottonades, camlets, etc. 



Standard Oil Co., Troy; wicks. 

Thompson, James, & Co., Valley Falls; 
twines, mosquito n(!ts, buckram, etc. 

Wilkes-Barre Lace Manufacturing Co., 
New York; cotton lace curtains. 



GEOUP 103. 



Allen, L. L., & Bros., Rochester; fine 
flannels, dress goods, etc. 

American Loop Fabric Co., Brooklyn; 
blankets, robes, rugs, etc. 

Auburn AVoolen Co., Auburn; a. over- 
coatings; h. suitings. 

Canoga Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen 
goods. 

Empire Woolen Mills, Clayville; a. all 
wool fancy cassimeres and overcoatings; 
b. worsted coatings and suitings. 

French & Ward, New York; eider- 
down fabrics. 

Globe Woolen Co., Utica; a. beavers. 



b. worsted coatings and suit- 
, Amsterdam; knitunder- 



cassimeres; 
ings. 

McFarlandCo., 
wear. 

Stott, C. I-L & F. H., Stottsville; a. 
woolen goods; h. woolen goods woven on 
cotton warps. 

Titus. Elias, & Sons, Poughkeepsie; 
(I. woolen goods; b. cotton and woolen 
mixed goods. 

Waterloo Woolen Manufacturing Co., 
Waterloo; ii. flannels, carriage cloths; 
b blankets, shawls, etc. 



GEOUP 104. 



Adler, Jacob, & Co., New York; 
gloves. 

Allen, John C. , Gloversville ; gloves 
and mittens, 

Altman Summer Neckwear Co., New 
York- sununer neckwear. 

Beatty, C. F., New York; prints of 
engraving in steel, brass and zinc for 
hatters. 

Bell's, Henry H., Sons, Milton; knit 
goods, hosiery, etc. 

Brill Bros., ISTew York; men's shirts. 

Brooklyn Shield Co., Brooklyn; dress 
shields. 

Cluott, Coon & Co., Troy; shirts, col- 
lars and cult's. 

Curtis, PL C, & Co., Troy; shirts, 
collars and cufCs. 

Delsarte Corset Co., New York; cor- 
sets, waists and shoulder braces. 

Dempster & Place, Gloversville; gloves 
and mittens. 

Dryfoos. L., &Co., New York; skirts. 

Earl & Wilson, New York; men's col- 
lars and cuffs. 

Excelsior Fur and Glove Sewing Ma- 
chine Co., New York; sewing machine. 

Foster, Paul & Co., New York; kid 
gloves. 

Haley, C. J., & Co., New York; hose 
supporters. "^ 

Hull & Co., Poughkeepsie; trousers. 



Jaeger's, Dr., Sanitary Woolen System 
Co., New York; knit goods and hosiery, etc. 

Jaros Hygienic Underwear Co., New 
York; woolen underwear. 

Knox, E. M., New York; hats. 

Lehman, Chas. F., Brooklyn; cork 
liehuets. 

Mayer, Strouse & Co., New York ; 
corsets. 

McFarlan, A., & Co., Amsterdam; knit 
goods and hosiery. 

Millen, E. , & Co., New York; shirts. 

Mills, S. J., Ilochester; silk dress waist. 

Northrup Glove Co., Johnstown ; 
gloves. 

Self-tlu'eading Sewing Machine Co., 
New York; sewing machine altachment. 

Seybel, F. W., New York; ladies' hats. 

Siegel Bros., New York; ladies' under- 
wear and muslin. 

Singer Manufacturing Co., New York; 
sewing machines. 

Stiehl, G. IL, & Co., New York; head 
wear. 

Swits, Conde, Oswego; knit goods. 

United Shirtand CollarCo., Troy; ladies' 
collars and cull's. 

Van Orden Corset Co., New York; 
corsets. 

Weingarten Bros., New York; corsets. 

Williams Mfg. Co., Plattsburgh; sew- 
ing machines. 



Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York 
and skins, stuffed animals. 

Shayne, C. C, New York; furs. 



GKOUP 10.5. 
; fui 



Treadwell, Geo. 
fur garments. 



C, Co., Albany; seal 



Catalogue of the Manufactures Exhibit. 



371 



GKOur 106. 



Crotty & Mitchell, Weedsport; dress 
stuys. 

Excelsior Quilting Co.. New York; 
fancy quilting and stitching. 

Gerschal, Victor, & Co., New York; 
pearl buttons. 

New JEngland Whalebone Itfanufac- 



turing Co., New York; articles made 
from wl.nlebones. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; a. needlework, etc.; b. art em- 
broidery. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; jade fan 
and ostrich feather fans. 



GKOUP 107. 
India Rubber Comb Co., New York; combs and brushes. 

GROUP 108. 
New York; horse 



Cheval Standard Co 
measuring canes. 

De Muth. Wm., & Co.. New York; ti. 
smokers' articles: b. walking canes. 

Hacker, J. C, New York; leather goods 
and novelties. 



Tiffany & Co., New York; a. dressing 
cases anil vahses; h. cases for silverware, 
jewelry, etc.; c. fancy bags, pouches, 
purses, card cases, smokers' articles, etc.; 
d. cases, silver and gold mounted; e. 
umbrellas and parasols, fancy handles. 



GROUP 109. 
India Rubber Comb Co., New York; hard and soft rubber goods. 

GROUP 110. 

Estes, E. B., & Sons, New York; turned I Rice & Hochster, New York; tortoise 
wooden novelties. ! shell articles. 

Ives, Blakeslee & "Williams Co., New ! Tiffany ifc Co., New York; a. bonbon- 
York; mechanical toys. I ierres and fancy boxes, etc.; b. fancy 

.lansen, Ed., New York; fancy baskets, leather and gold pocket books, blotters, 

Pia, Peter ¥., New York; pewter toys. I etc. 



GROUP 

Buffalo Scale Co., Buffalo; scales. 

Mogul Manufacturing Co., New York; 
spring scales. 

National Meter Co., Brooklyn; water 
meters. 

Neptune Meter Co., New York; water 
meters. 



112. 

Springer Torsion Balance Co., New 
York; scales. 

Thomson Meter Co., Brooklyn; water 
meters. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
water meters. 



GROUP 113. 



Bannerman, Francis, New York; guns. 
Burgess Gim Co.. Buffalo; firearms. 
Emerson, Charles H., AVhilehall; 
boomerang. 

GROUP 

Hohenstein,. H,, New York; lamp and 
candle shades, candles, etc. 
Rochester Lamp Co. , New York ; lamps. 



LefeveT Arms Co., Syracu.se; hammer- 
less guns. 

Remington Arms Co., Ilion; firearms. 



114. 

Steam Gauge and Lantern Co., Syracuse; 
lamps and lanterns. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; a. gas fixtures; b. electric fixtures. 



GROUP 11.5. 



Abendroth Bros., Port Chester; o. fur- 
naces: b. hot water heaters; e. stoves and 
ranges. 

Co-operative Foundry Co., Rochester; 
stoves and ranges. 

Cortland Howe Ventilating Stove Co., 
Cortland; heating stoves. 



Gorton & Lidgerwood Co., New York; 
house heating boiler. 

Howard Thermostat Co., Syracuse; 
heat regulators. 

.Jackson, Edwin A., & Bros., New 
York ; grates. 

Kelsey Furnace Co., Syracuse; furnaces. 



372 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Pease, J. F., Furnace Co., Syracuse; 
bot water, steam and combination heaters. 

Ronalds & Co., New Yorlc; boilers and 
copper ware. 

Stroud, Jas., New York; roasting pans 
and rollers. 

Superior Furnace Co., Little Falls; hot 
air furnaces. 



Troemner, Henry, New York; coffee 
mills. 

Tuttle & Bailey Mfg. Co., New York; 
registers, ventilators, screens, pedestals, 
etc. 

Warner, J. W., Oneida ; hot water 
heater and boiler. 



Iron Clad Manufacturing Co. 
York; enameled ware, milk cans. 



GEOUP 116. 

, New I Matthews, John, Apparatus Co., 
I York; soda water apparatus. 



New 



GROUP 117. 
Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; artistic lattice work. 

GROUP 118. 
Bayer & Scherbner, New York; artistic wrought iron, grille work, etc. 



GROUP 119. 



Bardsley, Jos., New York ; wooden 
door knobs, door springs, checks and 
checking spring hinges. 

Bohannan, Wilson, Brooklyn; latches, 
locks, handles, etc. 

Bonimer Bros., Brooklyn; spiral spring 
hinges. 

Campbell Cutlery Co., Syracuse; cutlery 



Carey Safe Co., Buffalo; safes. 

Jennings, C. E.,.& Co., New York; 
carpenters' tools. 

Kearney & Foot Co., New York; files 
and rasps. 

May dole, David, Hammer Co., Nor- 
wich; hammers. 



GROUP 

Alberene Stone Co., New York; sanitary 
and plumbing specialties. 

Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; 
boilers. 



120. 

Oswego Indurated Fibre Co., Oswego; 
bath tubs, laundry trays, sinks, etc. 

Stewart Ceramic Co. , New York ; a. 
wash tubs, sinks, etc.; b. bath tubs. 



GROUP 121. 



Cainpbell Cutlery Co., Syracuse; dis- 
plajf trays for cutlery, etc. 

Cushman & Dennison, New York ; 
pocket oil cans. 

Improved Cloak Rack Co. , New York; 
revolving cloak stands for exhibiting 
cloaks. 

Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; tubu- 
lar rives. 

Major. A.. New Yoi'k; cement for 
rubber and leather goods and crockery 
ware. 

McDowell Co. , New York ; garnet 
drafting machines. 



North American Phonograph Co., New 
York; phonographs. 

Palmenberg's Sons, J. E., New York 
window display fixtures and forms. 

Queen Silver Pohsh Co., New York 
.silver polish. 

Rodwell Manufacturing Co., Buffalo 
sign letters. 

Stafford, N., New York; metal badges, 
checks, numbers and signs. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; medals. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New 
York; church furniture. 

Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, New 
York; typewriters' supplies. 



DEPARTMENT K. GROUP 142. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; illuminating on parchment paper, blazonry of heraldic 
and other devices. 

GEOUP 11:3. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; copper and steel engraving, printing, stamping and 
illuminating by steel and other dies. 



Catalogue of the Manufactuees Exhibit. 



373 



GROUP 145. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; a. engraved diamond, rock-crystal, jade and other hard 
stones; 4. series of the Columbus medals (the official exposition badge) in various 
metals. 

COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF UNITED STATES POTTERS' ASSOCIATION. 

GROUP 91. 

Onondaga Pottery Co., S3'racuse; a. semi-porcelain, white granite; b. translu- 
cent china, decorated ware. 

WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT. 

GROUP 88. 

Hall, Fannie E., New York; ceramic I Puissegur, Sophie B., Nefr York; 
colors. j varnishes. 

GROUP 89. 
Parks, Anna M., Albany; perforating machine. 



COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF COLUMBIAN CERAMIC ASSOCIATION, 

CLASS 577. 



Adams, Miss E., Troy; painted china 
plate. 

Baker, Miss Amelia, Watertown; 
painted china tete-a-tete. 

Nevins. Miss Louise R,, Brooklyn; 
painted china plates and jewel box. 

Ric-hart, Mrs. Christine P., Buffalo; 
painted china. 



Strong, Miss Lydia Lyod, Platbush; 
painted china brush and comb tray. 

Van Auken, Miss Adele, Rochester; 
painted china tray. 

Dwight, Minnie T , New York; deco- 
rated china. 

Scott, Cora E. , Saratoga Springs, deco- 
rated china. 



GROUP 95. 
Tillinghast, Miss, New York; stained glass window. 

GROUP 104. 

Howard, J. Imogen, New York; chil- I Tracy, Mrs. Harriet Ruth; sewing ma- 
dren's dresses. chine inventions. 

Mills, Mrs. S. J., Rochester; dress 
waist. I 

GROUP 106. 

Bassett, Mrs. F. E., Brooklyn; tapestry! Scott, Cora E., Saratoga Springs; art 
for wall decoration. | embroideries. 

GROUP 115. 
Lawton, Mrs. Jas. M., New York; maize grater. 



GROUP 121. 
Dostie, Mrs. G. W., Johnstown; dress cutting system. 



374 



New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF THE MERCHANT TAILORS OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

GEOUP lOtt. 



Bastable & Maunigan, New York; over- 
coat, breeches aud leggins. 

Doll, Edwin N., New York; morning 
coat, Tuxedo coat, vests and trousers. 

Franklin & Co., suit for youtli. 

Merwin, B. R., New York; dress suit, 
house jacket. Tuxedo coat. etc. 

Muller, A. F., New York; riding habit, 
waist and skirt. 

Nagel, Conrad F., New York; dress 
coat, waistcoat and trousers. 

Patterson, John, &Co., New York; liv- 
eries, overcoat, trousers, etc. 



Saalmann, John B., New York; single- 
breasted box overcoat. 

Twyeffort, E., New York ; morning 
hunting coat, Avaistcoat and breeches. 

Vredeuburgh & Brooks, New York; 
double-breasted frock coat and waistcoat, 
trousers. 

Weiss, Jules C, & Co., New York; 
driving overcoat, dress coat (stj'le 1793), 
trousers. 

Wessman, J. P., New York; overcoat, 
dress coat, waistcoat and trousers. 



GEOUP 121. 
Mitchell, John J., New York; American fashion plates. 

LEATHER AND SHOE TRADES EXHIBIT. 

GEOUP 87. 
Hoyt, Arthur S., New Yoi-k; cold water glue. 

GEOUP 88. 



Cameron, Donald, Brooklyn; 
dressing. 



shoe I Miller, The Frank, Co., New York; 
' leather dressings and blackings. 



GEOUP 103. 
Dolge, Alfred, Dolgeville; felt goods, boots, shoes and slippers made of same. 

GEOUP 104. 



Burt, Edwin C, New York; boots, 
shoes and slippers. 

Charles & Curtiss, New York; shoes, 
.gaiters and boots. 

Ford, C. P.. & Co., Rochester; ladies', 
misses' and children's fine shoes. 

Gardner, John C, Brooklyn; misses', 
children's aud infants' shoes and slippers. 



Hanan & Son, New York; boots, shoes 
and slippers. 

Harvey Fastening Co., New York; over- 
gaiter fasteners. 

Lattemann, J. J., Shoe Manufactur- 
ing Co., New York; boots, ties and 
sUppers. 



Barnet, J. S., & Bro., New York; fin- 
ished leather. 

Fayerweather & Ladew, New York; 
belting and shoe leather. 

Hauselt, Charles, New York; a. calf- 
skins; b. glazed kid. 

Hoople, Wilham Howard, New York; 
Goodyear welting. 



GEOUP 111. 

Johnstone & Buckley, New York; 
welting. 

Levor, Gustav, Gloversville; patent 
shoe kid and kangeroo leather. 

Moffat, David, "ifc Co., New York; har- 
ness leather. 

Weed. James B., & Co., Biughamton; 
finished leather. 



DEPAETMENT G. GEOUP 83. 

Whitman Saddle Co., New York; equestrian goods. 

DEPAETMENT F. GEOUP 72. 



Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and 
cording machines. 

Lighting Beader Co., Springville; upper 
beading machines. 



Singer INIfg. Co., New York; sewing 
machines for leather work. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT 
J, ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES. 



GEorp 122. 



Edwards & Co., New York; Kubm- 
korff coil. 

General Electric Co., Xew York and 
Bcston; (/. magnets: h. induction coils, 
converters and tranformers. 



Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York; a. 
staticiil apparatus; L. magnets; . in- 
duction coils, etc. 

Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; 
induction machine. 



GEOUP 123. 



Bunnell, J. H., & Co., New York; test- 
ing set, rheostat and galvanometers. 

Commercial Cable Co., New York; a. 
condensers; b. submarine cable instru- 
ments. 

General Electric Co.. New York and 



Boston; instruments of precision, voltme- mllliamperemeter. 
ters, ammeters, watt meters, etc. I 

GEOUP 124. 



Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; a. 
resistance coils; b. condensers; c. bat- 
teries; d. voltmeters, ammeters, standard 
testing instruments, etc. 

Hirlemann, C. J., New York; batteries. 

Vetter, J. C, New York; controller, 



Edison !Mfg. Co., New York; primary 
batteries and accessories. 

Greeley, E. S. , & Co.. New York; open 
and closed circuit, primar}- and secondary 
batteries. 

Hirlemann, C. J., New York; primary 
batteries. 



mary batteries, battery powder, zinc, 
amalgamating compound. 

Mej-rowitz, E. B., New York; storage 
batteries. 

Pfund, Richard, New York; plunge 
battery. 

Union Electric Co., New York; storage 



Leclanche Battery Co., New York; batteries, 
batteries. ; Vetter, J. C, &■ Co., New York; electric 

3Iason Electric Co., New York; pri- batteries. 



GEOUP 125. 
New York ; 

Co. , New 



C. & C. Electric ]Motor Co. 
direct current dynamos. 

Crocker- Wheeler Electric 
York; motor dynamos. 

Excelsior Electric Co., New York; arc 
light dynamos and power plant. 

General Electric Co., New York; direct 
and alternating current dvnamos. 



Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; di- 
rect and alternating current dynamos. 

Wing. .J. H., & Co., New York; direct 
cuiTent dynamos. 

Zucker & Levett Chemical Co., New 
York; direct cuiTent dynamos. 



GEOUP 126. 



Benham & Durnham. New York; feed 
wire for electric .railway track. 

Brixey, W. R., New York; wires, 
cables. 

Celluloid Zapon Co., New York; cellu- 
loid for insulation purposes. 

Commercial Cable Co., New Yoj-k: 
oce.in cable operating apparatus. 

C. & C. Electric iiotor Co.. New York; 
cables, wires, rheostats, switches, metei-s. 

Electrical Condui; Co., New York; 
conduits. 

Electric Selector and Signal Co.. New 
York: II. signal indicator; b. electric 
light locks. 



Empire China Works, Brooklyn, hard 
porcelain supplies. 

Fibre Conduit Co., New York; interior 
and underground conduits. 

General Electric Co.. New York and 
Boston; a. rheostats, switches and meters; 
h. safety appliances, lightning arresters 
and cut-outs; c. underground conduits. 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, controll- 
ing apparatus on triplex electric tank 
pump. 

Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; a. 
rheostats, switches; b. liglitning rod sup- 
plies, fuses, etc. ; c. submarine, a-rial and 
underground cables. 



376 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



India Rubber Comb Co.. New York; 
a. rubber iusulation; h. hood insulators, 
tubing, sheeting, etc. 

India Rubber and Gutta Perclia Insu- 
lating Co., New York; electric cables and 
cords. 

Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; 
a. insul-.ting sheets, vulcabeston; b. 
moulded mica, asbestos; c. conduits. 

Murphy, T. J., New York; switch- 
board. 

National Conduit Mfg. Co., New York; 
cement lined pipe for conduit. 

New York Insul.-ited Wire Co., New 
York; insulated cables, wires, tapes, con- 
duits, etc. 

Norwich Insulated "Wire Co., New 
York; electric light cables. 

Okonite Co., New York; okonite elec- 
tric wire. 



Pass & Sej-mour, Syracuse; cut-outs 
and switches. 

Roessler & Hasslacher, New York; 
electrical supplies and appliances. 

Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., 
New York; lead covered underground 
conductors for arc light circuits, rubber 
covered overhead conductors for lights, 
alarms, etc. 

Standard Paint Co., New York; a. in- 
sulating compounds, tape, paper; b. ar- 
mature varnish and paints. 

Union Electric Co., New York; pipe 
underground conduits. 

Van Nuis, C. S., New York; switches. 

Vail, W. A., New York; swinging ball 
lightning arresters. 

"Vetter. J. C, & Co., New York; cur- 
rent controller and millammeter. 



GROUP 127. 



Commercial Cable Co., New York; 
motors. 

Crocker- Wheeler Electric Co., New 
York; a. direct constant current motors; 
b. alternating current motors. 

C!. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; 
motors. 

Edison Mfg. Co., New York; electric 
motors. 

Excelsior Electric Co., New York; di- 
rect and alternating current motors. 



General Electric Co., New York; direct 
and alternating current motors. 

Greeley, E. 8.,&Co., New York; power 
motors. 

Meyrowitz, E. B., New York; direct 
constant current motor. 

Union Electric Co., New York; constant 
potential compound motors. 

Wing, L. J., & Co., New York; motors. 

Zuckcr & Levett Chemical Co., New 
York; motors. 



GROUP 128. 



Commercial Cable Co., New York; 
motor operating telegraph instruments. 

C. &, C. Electric Motor Co., New York; 
motors generally applied. 

Crocker- Wheeler Electric Co., New 
York; electric motors. 

Crowell & Gilmer, Brooklyn; pressure 
blower and reservoir. 

Electric Launch and N;;vigation Co., 
New York; electric passenger launches. 

General Electric Co., New York; a. 
motors for railways; b. motors for general 
application; c. motors for novelties. 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Palls; electric 
pump. 

Greeley. E. S., &Co., New York; sewing 
machine, rotar3- fan and electric chimes. 

Lidgerwood Mfg. Co., New York; min 
ing hoist. 

Mason Electric Co., New York; motors 
for fans, sewing machines, etc. 

Merrill Brothers, Brooklyaf drop ham- 
mer, trimming press. 



N. Y. Air Brake Co., New York; air 
brake equipment. 

Otis Brothers & Co., New York; elec- 
tric elevators and pumps. 

Peltou Water Wheel Co., New York; 
water wheel. 

Stephenson. John, & Co., New York; 
street railway truck. 

Taylor Electric Truck Co., Troy; street 
railway truck. 

Union Electric Co., New York; a. 
underground railway appliances; b. elec- 
tric launches. 

Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; domes- 
tic appliances. 

Wiiig, L. J., & Co., New York; motors 
for disc fans, ventilators, etc. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
electric pumps. 

Zucker &, Levett Chemical Co , New 
York; pumps, cranes and organs. 



GROUP 129. 

C. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; ! Excelsior Electric Co., New York; a. 
power genei'ators. arc lamps and appliances; b. incandescent 

Electric Selectrr and Signal Co., New i system and appliances. 
York; arc light cut-outs. " I 



— ■ ilrs^? 




'-i't 




|J1 • 






^ <1 





Catalogue of the Eleotkiuity Exiiiiut. 



Prink, J. P., New York; scrcon reflectors 
for incaiuleseeiit liiiups. 

Gcueral Incjuulcseeiit Are Liglit Co., 
New York; arc lamps for ineaiulesceni 
circuits. 

General Electric Co., New York and 
Boston;.!/, search lights and ai'o system, 
luminiuis electrical fountains; It. incan- 
descent system; railway. 

General Fixture (lo., New Yorl;; incan- 
descent and arc lixtures. 

Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; arc 
liffhtina;. etc. 



Greeley, E. S., & Co., Now York 
ing apparatus. 



Excelsior Electric Co., New York ; 
a. electrotyping. b. electroplating, gild- 
ing and nickeling, c. electro deposition 
of metals, d. electrolytic sejiaration ol' 
met.-ils from ores. 

Fern, J. J., Brooklyn ; electroplating, 
burnishing and finishing. 

General Electric Co., New Y'ork and 
Boston ; electrotyping, plating, gilding, 
etc. 



Johns, H. AV., Mfg. Co., New York; 
appliances for incandescent lighting. 

Uanda, Otto, New York; electric scarf 
pin. 

Union Elec,;ric Co., New Y'ork; incan- 
descent lighting by secondary batteries. 

Vetter, .1. C.,&Co.,New York; incai\- 
descent current adapter and tap. 

Zucker & Levett Chemical Co., New 
York; fixturi's for arc anil iucandesceut 
systems. 



HKOtll- 
heat- I 



1 80. 

I .lohns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New 
I asbestos sheathing and Arc felt. 



Y^ork: 



l:U. 



Co., New York ; 
phi 



Johns, 11. W., Mfg 
insulating material. 

Kingler, F. A. , New Yoi'k ; a 
electrotyping. h. electro|ilaling. 
tro deposition of metals. 

Zucker & Tjcvett Chemical Co., New 
Y'ork ; electrotyping, plating and depo- 
sition. 



fle< 



GROUf 132. 
Phelps, A. II., Glens Falls, N. Y.; brasing iind engraving. 



GKOUl 
keys. 



Bunnell, 1. H., & Co., New York 
sounders, transmitters, etc. 

Commercial Cable Co., New York; au- 
tomatic and multiplex transmitters. 

Electric Selectm' and Signal Co., New 
Y''ork ; telegraiih and rinli'oad signals, c t(^ 

Fitch, E. Sherman, New York ; print- 
ing telegraph. 

General Electric Co.. New York; dy- 
namos for quadruplex telegraph service. 



138. 

Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York ; sys- 
tems for receiving and transmitting chro- 
nography, annunciators, thermostats, 
alarms, etc. 

Non-Magnetic Watch Co., New York; 
non-magnetic watches, etc. 

Western Union Telegraiih Co., New 
Y'ork; nuadruplex telegraph apparatus. 



CKOVV 

Bri.\ey, W. R., New York ; lelephonej 
cables. 

Edwards & Co,, Now York ; si.gnaling 
apjiaratus. 

Electric Selector aid Signal Co., New 
York ; teIepbon<: signaling aiiiiarntus. 

Greeley. E, S,, icCo., New York; tele- 
phone wires and cables, protective de- 
vices, switchboards, etc. 



134. 

National Conduit Mfg. Co,, New York- 
undcrgroiuid c(aiduits. 

NorwicOi Insulated Wire Co., New 
York ; telephone (vdiles. 

Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., 
New York; rubber covered conductors 
and cables. 



General Electric Co., 
Boston ; dental drills, etc. 

Greeley. E. S., New Yorl 
dental and surgical ap])aratus 

-1-8 



GKOUr 

New York and | 



cautery, 



Mason Electric Co., New Y'ork; a. cau- 
tery batteries. 4. dental lamps and 
motors. 



378 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Meyrowitz, E. B., New York; elec- 
trodes. 

Union Electric Co., New York; a. cau- 
tery apparatus, b. surgical apparatus, 
aluminum hand lamps, dental engines, 



GEOfP 

Commercial Cable Co., New York ; 
writing apparatus. 

_ Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; gas- 
lighting and blasting apparatus. 



medical batteries, c. apparatus for diag- 
nosis. 

Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York ; surgi- 
cal and dental apparatus. 

Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; 
special faradic apparatus. 

136. 

Wing, L. J.,& Co., New York; isolated 
electric hghting. 



GEOUP 137. 



Electrical Engineer, New York ; elec- 
trical books and publications. 

Electi'ical Review, New York ; electri- 
cal books and publications. 

Electrical World, New York ; electrical 
books, etc. 



Electricity Newspaper Co., New York ; 
electrical books and publications. 

General Electric Co., New York and 
Boston; historical models and books. 

Street Railway Journal, New York; 
electric and street railway publications. 



GEOUP 138. 

General Electric Co., New York; patent j Woods. G. F. , New York; map of elec- 
exhibits. trical diagrams. 



GEOUP 

Falls Rivet and Machine Co. , New York; 
line shafting, ciutches, etc. 

General Electric Co., New York and 
Boston ; apparatus for electrical construc- 
tion and repair, etc. 

Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York ; con- 
struction tools and fixtures. 

Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co., New York; 
air compressor. 



138a. 

Lake Erie Engineering Works, Buffalo; 
electric motor engines. 

Merrill Bros. , Brooklyn ; drop hammer, 
press, etc. 

Mcintosh, Saj'noui- & Co., Auburn; 
engines, driving dynamos. 

Phelps. A. H., Glens Falls; apparatus 
for electro thermo-gravure of glass. 

Union Electric Co., New York; electri- 
con anti-friction metal, etc. 



REPORT OX THE FINE ARTS EXHIBIT. 



By an arrangement between the Xew York State Board of General 
Managers and the chief of the department of tine arts, Mr. Halsey C. 
Ives, the Xew York members of tlie Federal advisory committee for 
fine arts were constituted an art bureau for tlie State of ISTew York, 
whose duties it should be to select an adequate representation at the 
exposition of the works of jS^ew York artists. 

The members of this bureau were as follows : 

SculjAors : J. Q. A. Ward, Augustus St. Gaudens, Olin L. Warner. 

Painters : William M. Chase, Eastman Johnson, H. Bolton Jones, 
E. Swain GifEord, Frank D. Millet. 

Arch itects : Pdehard M. Hunt, Stanford White, Wilham B. Tutliill. 

Mr. Frederick Dielman and Mr. George W. Maynard were associated 
with the committee, representing Mr Millet, who for the greater 
portion of the time was absent in Chicago. On October 22, 1892, a 
preliminaiy organization was formed at the Century Club, and on 
December 21, 1S92, a formal organization was perfected. J. Q. A. 
Ward was elected chief of the bureau and William B. Tutliill secretary. 

it was decided to hold a preliminary competition in New York city 
and to send to the fair such works only as should in the opinion of the 
committee possess recognizable merit. Circular letters were at once 
sent to all painters, sculptors, architects and other a.'t workers thi-ough- 
out the State, outlining the plan adopted by the bureau. 

A committee from the bureau, consisting of Messrs. Johnson, Jones 
and Tutliill, were delegated to procure suitable, commodious and fire- 
proof quarters for the works of art to be submitted to the juries of 
selection. Through tiie courtesy and public spirit of Colonel Appleton, 
Major Kipp and Captain Lydecker, of the Seventh regiment armory 
committee, certain portions of the armory on Sixty-sixth and Sixty- 
seventh streets were obtained for this purpose, without cost to the 
bureau. The gathering and selection of the works of art occupied the 
greater portion of January, February and March, 1893, and the dis- 
tribution of the same, at the close of the exposition, the months of 
December, 1893, and January, lS9i. The armory was thus in use 
nearly .sis months, and the generosity and State loyalty of the armory 
committee are gratefully acknowledged. 

On December 6, 1892, there were added to the juries of painting 
and drawing Miss Mary Cassatt and Mrs. Mary Hallock Foote as 
representatives of the Women's Board. 

The committee of selection began work on January 16, 1893, and 
continued till aiiout the end of the month. The handling and trans- 
portation of the works of art were placed in charge of a special com- 
mittee consisting of Messrs. Chase, Dielman and Tutliill. The follow- 
ing tables give an accurate view of the amount of work done by the 
Committee during these months and the wide interest taken in the fair 
bv Xew York artists : 



380 New Yoek at the World's Columbiam" Exposition. 

l^nmber of works entered on application : 

Paintings iu oil 1,480 

Water colors 268 

Sculpture 73 

Architecture 181 

Etchings 280 

Wood engravings 227 

Chalk, charcoal, etc 622 

Total 3,131 

ISTumber of works submitted to the juries of selection : 

Paintings in oil 758 

Water colors 173 

Sculpture 50 

Architecture 186 

Etchings 191 

Wood engravings 278 

Chalk, charcoal, etc 501 

Total 2,137 

Number of works accepted for the Chicago Exposition : 

Paintings in oil 324 

Water colors 63 

Sculpture 37 

Architecture 99 

Etchings 174 

Wood engravings 255 

Chalk, charcoal, etc 397 

Total 1,349 

Number of " invited " works of art in New York city . 281 
Number of " invited " works of art from places other 

than New York city 85 

Total loan exhibition 366 

Total number of works sent to Chicago 1,715 

After the close of the fair 1,331 works were returned to the art 
bureau, and by them distributed to their owners, and ninety-nine 
works (architecture) were returned at the cost of the exposition. The 
remainder were disposed of as follows at the expense of the consignees : 
Forty-nine were sent to .*he Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts ; 
twenty -live to the Art Club of Philadelpliia ; twenty-five to the Mid- 
winter Exposition at San Francisco ; thirty-nine to the World's Fair 
Prize Winners Association, and 147 directly to owners or artists at 
their request. 

The entire cost of the exhibit was borne 1 )y the Board of General Man- 
agers. The total amount of money disbursed directly by the art bureau 



Eepokt on the Fine Aets Exhibit. 3S1 

"was §15,846.13, of ■which §3, 424.171: was for packing and cartage, 
$3,879.54 for transportation, $3,390.96 for insurance, $1,955.15 for 
redistributing works at tlie close of the exposition, and $1,485 for 
clerical Iiire. The remainder was for otiice and miscellaneous expenses. 

No salary of any kind was paid to any member of the art bureau. 
It should be stated that all the works of art were transported to Chicago 
by fast express in charge of messengers, and an insurance of $500,0(30 
placed upon the total collection. The return shipment was made under 
the supervision of the Board of General IManagers, and the most of the 
works returned as general merchandise by freight with an insurance of 
$1UO,000. The total cost of reshipment and insurance was $1,060. 

The exhibit from New York occuj^ied seven-twelfths of the Ameri- 
can section, and gave acknowledged character to the department. 
Eighty-six New York artists received medals and diplomas, which 
covered 540 of the 1,349 works contributed to the fair. Eleven of 
New York's most prominent artists wej-e members of the awards com- 
mittee, and their works were consequently excluded from competition. 
The remarkable success of the American jDaintings and statuary, when 
compared with the best work of foreign masters, has done much to 
popularize American art and to remove the absurd impression, so long 
prevalent, that a work of art to be really great must bear a foreign 
name. 

New York city, as the art center of America, furnishes the standard 
for the rest of the country, and the notable victory gained at the 
Chicago Exposition is a direct acknowledgment of the superiority of 
New I'ork art and New York artists. 

For the figures and statistics in this report ■ft-e are indebted to the 
kindness of the secretary of the art bureau, "William B. Tuthill. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YOEK EXHIBITS, DEPARTMENT K, 

FINE APiTS. 



SCULPTURE. 

Adams, Herbert, Brooklyn. — St. 
A.u'uc's' Eve (plaster bust, colored); Pri- 
mavera (marble bust); portrait bust of 
lad_y (marble). 

Baur, Theodore, New York. — Panel of 
Joseph Jefferson as Rip Van Winkle, Bob 
Acres and Dr. Pangloss (bronze). 

Bi-ssell, Geo. E., New York. — John 
Watts, last Royal Recorder of New York 
and founder of the Leake and Watts 
Orphan House (bronze). 

Brooks, Caroline S., New York. — Lady 
Godiva Returning (relief in marble); La 
Rosa (Yanderbilt group) (marble); Lady 
Godiva (marble); The Dreaming lolanthe 
(relief in marble). 

Bush-Brown, H. K., Newburgh. — The 
Buffalo Hunt (plaster). 

Cannon, H. Legrand, New York. — Bas- 
relief of Elizabeth Mary Cannon (bronze). 

Ciani, Vittorio A. .New York. — A Cav- 
alier (bronze statuette). 

Cus'aing, Robert, New York. — Bust of 
Cardinal McCloskey (bronze). 

Elwell, F. Edwin, New York.— Charles 
Dickens and Little Nell (bronze); Intellect 
Dominating Brute Force, or Diana and 
the Lion (marble). 

French, Daniel C, New York. — Bust 
of A. Bronson Alcott (bronze); The Angel 
of Death and the Sculptor (plaster). 

Hartley, J. S., New York. — Pan (bronze 
group), lent hy Dr. Fi-ske, Brooklyn; bust 
of William Conaut Chru-ch (bronze), lent 
by Col. W. C. Church, New York; John 
Gilbert as Sir Philip Teazle (bronze). 

Mills, J. Harrison, New York. — Portrait 
medallion (plaster). 

Martiny, Philip, New York. — Portrait 
bust of child (plaster). 

Niehaus, C. H., New York. — Historical 
door for Trinity Church. New York, six 
panels (plaster); Athlete (plaster). 

O'Donavan, Wm. Russell, New York. — 
Bust of Thomas Ealdus (bronze); bust of 
R. Swain Gifford (brouze). 

Proctor, A. Phimister, New York. — 
Polar bear (two) (plaster casts fot life-size 
statues on bridge, World's Columbian 
Exposition; panther (bronze). 

Rogers, John, Ne-w York. — Statue of 
Abraham Lincoln seated (plaster). 

Ruckstiihl, F. WelHngton, New York. 
— Evening (marble). 

Warner, Olin L., New York. — Diana 
Reclining (plaster statuette); medallion of 
Joseph, chief of the Nez Perces Indians 



(bronze); Rosalie Olin Warner (bronze 
bust); model for a Caryatid (plaster); 
bronze medallions (eight) of Columbia 
River Indians; bust of Mozart (heroic) 
for public fountain, Portland. Ore. (plas- 
ter); portrait of J. Alden Weir (bronze 
bust). 

SctlLPTUKES IN THE LoAN COLLECTION. 

Rodin, Auguste. Paris, France. — Fran- 
cescaand Paolo — " L' Amour;" Frauccsca 
and Paolo — " I;a Rupture; " Andromeda. 

[Marbles from "The Gates of Hell," 
commissioned by the French government 
for the Museum of Decorative Arts, 
Paris.] Lent bj' Mr. Henry Sargent, 
New York. 



OIL PAINTINGS. 

Retrospective Exhibit, Review op 

Amekican Painting from Its Begin- 
ning TO THE Year 1876. 

Bispham, Henry C. (1841-1882).— 
French Cattle. Lent by Mr. William 
Bispham, New rork. 

Cole. Thomas (1801-1848). — Roman 
Aqueduct. Lent b.y Mr. Henry G. Jlar- 
quand. New York; The Tornado (Corcoran 
Art Gallery). 

Durand, Asher Brown (1790-1886).— 
Landscape. Lent by Mr. Gouverneur 
Kemble, New York. 

Fuller, George (1833-1884).— Original 
study for "The Romany Girl." Lent by 
Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, 'New York. 

Pulton, Robert (1765-1815).— Portrait 
of Joel Barlow. Lent by Mr. Peter T. 
Barlow, New York. 

Gifford, Sandford R. (1833-1880).— 
Hunter's Jlountain. Lent by Mr. J. W. 
Pinchott, New York. 

Gignoux, Regis (1816-1893).— Markit 
Scene. Lent by the C'entury Association, 
New York. 

HoUoway, T. — Engraving from the 
Portrait of Benjamin West, as President 
of the Royal Academ}'. (Painted by hiir.- 
self.) Lent by Mr. Clarence Winthrop 
Bowen, New York. 

Hunt, William JI. (1834-1879).— Boy 
and Butterfly. Lent by Mr. Richard M. 
Hunt. New York. 

Irving, John Beaufain (1835-1877).— 
Washington's Visit to General Rhann. 
Lent by jMr. Thomas B. Clarke, New 
York. 



Eepoet ox the Fixe Arts Exhibit. 



383 



Kensett, Jno. F. (1818-1872).— Land- 
scape. Lent by the Ceutury Association, 
iSTew York. 

Leslie, Charles R. (1794-1859).— Uncle 
Toby and AVidow Wadman. Lent by Mr. 
Gouverneur Kemble, Xew York. 

McEntee. Jtrvis (1828-1890). — The 
Shower of Gold ; The Clouds. Lent by 
Mr. S. D. Coykeudall, Kondout ; Eastern 
Sky at Sunsent. Lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clai'ke, !New York. 

Malbone, Edward G. (1777-1807).— 
Portrait of "William Dana, rf Boston ; 
Portrait of >Irs. William Dana, daughter 
of ilajor Robert Davis of the Revolution- 
ary Armv. (Painted from life between 
1790 and 1800.) Lent by Gen. Chas. W. 
D.irling. L'tica. 

Mignot, Louis R. (1831-1870).— Chim- 
borazo. Lent b}- the Centur}' Associa- 
tion, Xew York. 

Mount, ^Xm. Sidney (1807-1868).— The 
Power of Music. Lent by the Centur}' 
Association, ^ew York. 

Page, AVilliam (1811-1855).— Portrait of 
Mrs. Page ; Poitrait of the artist. Lent 
by Mr. AY. D. Page, Staten Island. 

■Peale, Charles Willson (1741-1827).— 
Portrait of AngeUca Peale. Lent by Mr. 
Clarence Wintnrop Bowen. New Y'ork. 

Qnartley, Arthur (1839-1886).— Sum- 
mer Morning, Isle of Shoals. Lent by the 
L'nion League Club. Xcw York. 

Ramage, John ( 1794). — Portrait of 

George Washinffton. (Painted in 1783.) 
Lent bv Mrs. S.'M. Beach, Peekskill. 

Robertson, Archibald (1765-1835).— 
Portrait of George AYashington ; Portrait 
of Martha Washington. fPaiuted from 
life, at the Presidential Mansion, 1791, 
1793.) Lent by Mrs. Chas. W. Darting 
and Airs. S. M. Mygatt, granddaughters of 
the artist, Utica.' 

Stuart, Gilbert (1755-1828).— Portrait of 
Robert Young of Virginia. Lent by Mr. 
John Russell Pope, New York. 

Weir. Robert (180:6-1889).- Taking the 
the VeiL (Painted at West Point, 1863.) 
Lent by ilrs. S. AI. AVeir, New York. 

AA'est, Benjamin (1738-1820).- Portrait 
of the artist as President of the Royal 
Academy. Lent by Mr. Clarence Win- 
throj) Bowen, New York; Expulsion from 
Eden. Lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, 
New York. " j 

AVrigiit, Joseph (1736-1798).— Portrait ! 
of ilanlia AA'ashington; Portrait of George 
AYashington. Leni by Mr. Clarence AA'in- 
throp Bowen, New- York. 

OIL PAINTINGS. 

Alexander, Harry, New Y'ork. — Chinese 
Interior. 

Allen, AV. S., New York.— Evening at 
the Lake. 



Amsdcn, Wm. T. . New York. — Spanish 
Jleadows. 

Armstrong, Maitland, New Y'ork.— 
White House at Pont Aven, Erittanj-. 

Baer, AA'm. J., New York. — Day 
iJ reams. 

Beckwith, Carroll, New Y'ork. — Mr. 
Isaacson; Portrait of !Miss E. A. Hall 
(lent by Jliss Hall, New York). 

Bell, E. A., New York.— Portrait, 
Study of a Lad}- in Gray. 

Blakelock, R. A., Cloverdale. — Land- 
scape (lent b.y Air. Thomas B. Clarke, 
New York); jloonlight (lent b}' Mr. W. 
AI. Lafiiin, New Y'ork). 

Blashfield, Edwin H., New York. — 
Christmas Bells; Portrait; The Angel 
with the Flaming Sword. 

Blenner, Carle J., New Y'ork. — Content- 
ment; Portrait of El Senor Don Roderigo 
de Saavedra, Jr., of Koyal Spanish Lega- 
tion, AYashington, D. C. (lent). 

Bogert, Geo. H., New York. — Aloon- 
light, Etaples, France; Alorniug. 

Boston, Joseph H., Brooklyn. — Gladys, 
a portrait. 

Bristol, J. B., New York. — Mount 
Chocorua, N. H. 

Brown, Alatilda, New York. — An Un- 
willing Alodel. 

Brown, J. Appleton, New Y'ork. — 
Spring Time. 

Brown, J. G., New York. — A Card 
Trick; Homeward Bound (lent bv Air. 
W. T. Evans, New York); Pull for the 
Shore (lent b}' Air. Isidor Strauss, New 
York); The Stump Speech; AYhen We 
AYere Girls (lent by Air. E. Asiel, New 
York); Training tae Dog; At the Old 
Cottage Door (lent by AIrT Gilbert Gaul, 
New York). 

Brush, George de Forest, New York. — 
The Head Dress (lent by Air. H. H. Fay, 
Boston); The Indian and the Lily (Lent 
by Air. C. D. Aliller, Jersey City); Alother 
and Child (lent by Air! J. 31. Sears, 
Boston); The Sculptor and the King 
(lent by Air. Henry Failing, Portland, 
Ore.). 

Butler, Howard Russell, New York. — 
Church of Guadaloupe. Aguas Calientes; 
Seaweed Gatherers, Finistere, France; 
Alarine. 

Butler, Geo. B , New York.— Girl with 
Tambourine. 

Buttles. Alary, New Y'ork. — Peasant 
Woman of Alsace; Julie. 

Chapman, Carlton T., New York. — On 
Cape Ann (lent by Airs. John Hutton, 
New York); Five o'clock at St. Ives, 
England. 

Chase, William AI., New York. — Por- 
trait of Airs. L. : Lady in Pink; Lillipu- 
tian Boats in the Park (lent by Mr. R. 
L. Knoedler, New York); Portrait of 
Airs. E. (lent); Alice, a portrait. 



384 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Church, F. S., New York.— The Vi 
king's Daughter (lent b}' Mr. John Gel- 
lattly, New York); Knowledge is Power 
(lent by Mr. C. L. Freer, Detroit, Mich.). 

Clark, Rose, Buffalo. — Mother and 
Child. 

Clark, Walter, New York. — Spring. 

Clinedinst, B. W., New York.— Mon- 
sieur's Mail; The Water Colorist. 

ColHn, EUzabeth R., Brooklyn. — Hang- 
ing the Net. 

Coffin, Esther L. — Grapes. 

Coffin, ^Vm. A., New York. — Evening- 
lent by Mr. J. 31. Lichtenauer, New 
York);" Twilight (lent by Mr. John B. 
Ladd, Brooklyn); Early Morning (lent by 
Mr. W. Seward Webb, New Yoi-k); Sep- 
tember Breeze (lent b}' Mr. W. Seward 
Webb, New York); Moonlight in Harvest; 
A Pennsylvania Farm after a Thunder 
Shower. 

Cohen, Geo. W., New York.— A Tale 
of the Sea. 

Collins, Alfred Q., New York.— Por- 
trait of Joe Evans. 

Coman, Mrs. Charlotte B., Waterville. — 
The Road to Town; Florida; A Stony 
Brook. 

Conuah. Douglas John, New York. — 
Poi'trait (lent by Mrs. John Coinah, New 
York). 

Cox, Mrs. Kenyon (Louise H. King), 
New York, — The Lotos Eaters; A Rondel. 

Cox, Kenj'on, New York. — Echo ; 
Diana ; May ; A Solo; Flying Shad- 
ows (lent by Mr. Stanford White, New 
York); Portrait of L. H. K. (lent by Mrs. 
Kenyon Cox, New York); Music (lent 
by Mr. E. Finney, Milwaukee, Wis.); 
Painting and Poetry; An Eclogue; Por- 
trait of Roger D. (lent by Mr. Charles 
Deeriug, Chicago, 111.); Portrait of St. 
Gaudens (lent by Alex. St. Gaudens, New 
York); The Pursuit of the Ideal; A Vis- 
ion of Moonrisc (lent b}' Mr. Charles 
Deering, Chicago, 111.). 

Craig, Thomas B., New York. — An 
Upland Pasture (Morning). 

Crane, Bruce, New York. — The Har- 
vest Field (lentb}' Mr. Andrew Carnegie). 

Curran, Charles C, New York. — Win- 
ter Morning in a Barnyard (lent by Mr. 
Geo. I. Tyson, New York); A Corner in 
a Barnyard (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clai'ke, New York); A Breezj' Day (lent 
by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); 
A Cabbage Garden (lent by Mrs. J. A. 
Hewlett, Brooklyn); The Iris Bed (lent by 
Sir. Wm. S. Hollingsworth, New York); 
Scaling the Letter (lent by Mr. Henderson, 
Minneapolis); Hall of the Venus de Milo, 
in the Louvre, Paris (lent by Jlr. H. F. 
Shriver, New York); A 'Winter Fog; 
Early Morning in June (lent by Mr. Samuel 
T. Shaw, New York); Under the Awning 
(lent by Mrs. K. R. Papin, Chicago). 



Day, Francis, New York. — A Table 
d'Hote. 

Dearth, Henry J., Easthampton. — Au- 
tumn (lent by Mr. Geo. I. Tillotson, New 
York); A Long Island Garden. 

De Forest, Lockwood, New York. — 
Moonrise Among tiie Ruins of Palmyra. 

De Haas, 31. F. H., New York.— New 
England Coast. 

Dellenbaugh, Frederic S., New York. — 
On the Moquis Cliffs, Arizona. 

Deuman, Herbert, New York. — The 
Trio. 

Dewey, Charles Melville, New York. — 
The Hush of Day (lent by Mr. L. A. Ault 
Cincinnati, O.); Shadows of the Evening 
Hour (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, New 
York); The Prelude of Night; The Re- 
turn of the Hay Boats (lent bv Mr. W. 
T. Evans, New York). 

Dewing, T. W., New York.— Portrait 
of W. M. Chase (lent by Mr. Wm. M. 
Chase, .New York); The Days (lent by 
Miss Chene_y, South Manchester, Conn.); 
Summer Twilight (lent, b}^ Mr. C. L. 
Freer. Detroit, Mich.); A Portrait (lent by 
Mr. Stanford AVhite, New York); A 
Musician (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer, De- 
troit); Portrait (lent by Mr, Stanford 
White, New York); A Lady in Blue (lent 
by Mr, C. L. Freer, Detroit). 

Deming, E. W., New York.— A Mourn- 
ing Brave. 

Dielman, Frecsrick, New York. — A 
New York Arab (lent by Mr. AVilliam 
Semple, Louisville, Ky.). 

Dillon, Julia, New Vork, — Peonies. 

Donoho, G. Ruger, New York. — La 
Marcellerie; The Explorers (lent by Mr. 
J. Hull Browning, New York). 

Du Mond, Frank Vincent, New York. — 
Christ and the Fisherman; Monastic Life; 
Holy Family. 

Dube, Mrs. Mattie, New York. — Pump- 
kins and Onions. 

Eaton, C. Harry, New York. — Land- 
scape (lent by Mr. Henry A. Rust, Chi- 
cago). 

Eaton, Chas. Warren, New "iork. — 
Woods in Winter; Moonrise; October; On 
the Maine Coast. 

Emmett, Lydia Field, New Roclielle. — 
Noonday (lent by Miss A. B. Ph.elps, 
Wilkesbarre, Pa.); The Mere. 

Evans, Mrs. M. E., New York.— Sep- 
tember Lane. 

Evans, Joe, New York.— The Red 
Gate; The Plainfleld Road. 

Faxon, Wm. Dailey, New York. — Maia; 
Lady in Profile. 

Foss, Harriet Campbell, New York. — 
A Flower Maker. 

Foster, Ben., New York. — A Maine 
Hillside (lent by Sir. Jas. T. Pettus, New 
York); The Returning Flock; First Days 
in Spring (lent by Mr. Jas. T. Pettus, 



Report ox the Fike Arts Exhibit. 



3S5 



New York); lu Foutiiinebletui Forest (leut 
b}- J. F. Druiuiuond. Kew York). 

Fiiwler, Jliirie B. O., New York, — 
Maine. 

Fowler, Frauk, New York. — Portrait, 
A Figure in ^Vhite (leut by Jlrs. Wni. A. 
Fowler, Brooklyn); Portrait (lent by Dr. 
Neftel, New York); Portrait (lent by Mr. 
"Walter Shirlaw. New York); Portrait. 
Girl in Black; Portrait (lent by 5Ir. H. W. 
Goodrich. New York). 

Fraser. John A., New York. — An 
English Spring Morning. 

Gaul, Gilbert. New York. — Charging 
the Battery (lent by 3[r. AV. T. Evans, 
New York); Silenced (lent by Mr. "W. :M. 
Chase. New York). 

Gay. Edward. Mt. Vernon, N. Y.— 
Mother Earth. 

Gifford, R. Swain, New York. — Over 
the Summer Sea; Telegraph Station at 
Sandy Hook; Landscape (lent by Mr. J. 
B. Wheeler, New York); Autumn (lent bv 
Mr. Thomas B. Clarke. New York); The 
Sea- weed Gatherers; Salt Works of Pad- 
anarara; Sand Dunes (lent by Jlrs. Robert 
Carter, New York); The Cove Road, 
Naushon Island, Mass. (lent by the De- 
troit Club. Detroit); Moorlands; The Rock 
of Gibraltar (lent by Jlrs. H. E. Lawrence, 
New York); Nashnwena (lent bj' Mr. 
Thomas B. Clarke, New York). 

Gill. Rosalie Lorraine, New York. — 
Twilight on St. Ives Bay; Portrait of Miss 
Inglis. 

Green, C. A., Brooklj-n. — Peonies. 

Green, Frank Russell, New York. — 
My Sweetheart (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clarke, New York). 

Hammer, John J., New York. — Spring 
Flowers. 

Hardie, Robert Gordon, New York. — 
Portrait of the Artist's Wife. 

Harper, AV. St. John, Easthampton. — 
Autumn; Easthampton (lent by Mr. W. 
T. Evans, New York). 

Harris, Charles X., New York. — The 
Mowers (lent by 3Ir. Fredk. James, New 
York). 

Il.'isbrouck. D. F. , New York. — A 
AViiiter Morning in the Catskills (lent by 
Mr. E. W. Gille'tte, Chicago). 

Haskell, IdaC, New York.— Mother 
Love. 

Hassam. Childe. New York. — Midsum- 
mer Jlorning; A Snowy Day on Fifth 
Avenue; Autumn; Cab Station, Rue Bo- 
naparte, Paris; On the Way to the Grand 
Prix. 

Henry, Edward L.. New York.— The 
Wedding Day (lent bv Mr. Dickensen, 
i[t. Holyoke, Jiass.); "The County Fair 
(lent by 3Ir. W. F. Havemeyer, New 
York). 

Herter. Albert, New York. — Portrait 
cf Mrs. II. 

i9 



Hill, Roswell S., New York. — Young 
Girl Reading. 

Howland, A. C, New York. — Fourth 
of July Parade (lent by Mr. W. 11. Fuller, 
New York). 

Huntington, Daniel. New York. — Por- 
trait of tlie Hon. Seth Low; The Gold- 
smith's Daughter; Portrait of Elliot F. 
Shepard, Jr.; Ehse. 

Irwin, Benoni, New York. — Portrail of 
Hubert Hcrkomer; Sweet Sixteen. 

Isham, Samuel, New York. — Portrait 
of a Ladj'. 

James, Frederick, New Y ^rk. — An 
Impromptu Affair in the Days n( the 
Code. 

Johns, Laura A., New York. — Apple 
Trees in Sunlight (lent by Mr. H. C. 
Johns, Decatur, 111.). 

Johnson, Eastman, New York. — The 
Cranberry Harvest, Nantucket Island, 
Mass. (leut bv Auguste Richard. New 
York); The Nantucket School of Phil- 
osophj' (lent by 3Ir. E. D. Adams, New 
York); Portrait of the Artist; Portrait of 
a Girl (lent bv Mr, D. L. Einstein, New 
York); Portrait of Dr. McCosh (lent by 
Mr. Alexander Maitland. New York); 
Two ^len; Life Size Portrait (lent by 
Archibald Rogers, Hyde Park). 

Jones, Frauds C. , New York. — Ex- 
changing Confidences (lent by Mr. Thomas 
B. Clarke, New York); The Favorite 
Grandchild; On the White Sand Dunes 
(lent by :\Ir. John Gellattly, New York). 

Jones, H. Bolton, New York. — Spring; 
The Flax Breaker (lent by Mr. R. J. 
Menafee, Louisville. Ky.). 

Kappes, Alfred, New York. — Tattered 
and Torn (lent bv the Boston Art Club, 
Bostou, Mass.); Rent Day (lent by :Mr. 
Thomas B. Clarke, New York). 

Keith, Jlrs. Dora AVheeler, New York. 
— Portrait of Laurence Hutton (lent bv 
Mr. Hutton). 

Kendall,- Wm. Sargent, New York. — 
St. Yves Pray for Us; The Glory of Fair 
Promise. 

Ketcham, Susan M., New York. — Por- 
trait of a Lady. 

Koehler, Robert, New York. — The 
Strike; The Carpenter's Family; At the 
Cafe. 

Koopman, August B., New York. — 
The Orphans; Dreaming of One Afar; 
Asking a Blessing. 

La Farge, John, New York. — Study 
of a Boy's Head (leut by Mr. Edward W. 
Hooper. C.-imbridge. Mass.); Halt of the 
Wise 3Ien from "the East (lent by Mu- 
seum of Fine Arts, Boston) ; Visit of 
Nicodemus to Christ ; A Venetian 
Guitar Player — a design for .stained 
glass. 

Lamb. Ella Condie, New York. — The 
Advent Angel. 



3S6 



New YoiJK at tiih World's Columbian Exposition. 



Lamiiert, Emma E., Koclicster. — Be- 
hind the Dunes ; A Hillside in Picardy. 

Low, Will II., New York.— Love Dis- 
armed (lent by Mr. G. G. Hubbard, 
Washinn-tou, D. C.) ; In an Old Garden 
(lent by Dr. C. B. Kelsey, New York) ; 
May Blossom.? (lent by Smith College, 
Northampton, Mass.); A Woodland 
Glade ; The Portrait (lent by Mr. W. T. 
Evans, New York). 

Lj'man, Joseph, New York. — Early 
Snow in the Adirondacks ; Sand Dunes 
at Annisiiuam, Mass. 

Mellhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — 
On the Beach. 

Martin, Homer D., New York.— Old 
Manor at Cricqueboeuf (lent by Dr. D. 
L. Stinison, New York) ; Mussel Gather- 
ers at Villcrville, Normandy (lent by Mr. 
F. L. Gunthcr, New York); Behind the 
Dunes, Lake Ontario ; Head Waters ol' 
the IIud.son (lent by Jlr. Thomas B. 
Clarke, New York), 

Maynard, Geo. Willoughby, New York. 
— Flora (lent by Mrs. K. R. Papin, 
Chicago) ; Portrait of F. D. Millet (lent 
b)' Mr. Jlillet) ; Pomona ; Civilization 
(lent by the National Academy ol: Design, 
New York). 

Metcalf, W. L., New York.— Road to 
the Village, Normandy ; Summer 
Twilight ; Tunisian Market (lent by Mr. 
H. R. Astor Carey, New York). 

Mignot, Louis R. (deceased), New 
York. — Niagara. 

Miller, Chas. II., New York.— A Gray 
Day on Long Island ; The East Rivei', 
New York. 

Millet, F. D., New York.— The AVin- 
dow Seat (lent by Mr. Chas. Fairchild, 
Boston); Lacing the Sandal (lent by Mr. 
Thomas B. Clarke, New York) ; Sweet 
Melodies (lent by Mr. D. M. Ferry, 
Detroit) ; At the Inn (lent by the Union 
League Club, New York) ; Old Har- 
monies (lent by Mrs. H. K. Porter. Pitts- 
burg) ; Antony Van Corlear, the Trum- 
peter ; A DifHcult Duct (lent by Mr. C. 
M. Raymond. New York) ; Rook and 
Pigeon (lent by Mr. H. McK. Twombly, 
New York). 

Minor, Robert C, New York.— The 
Close ol' Day (lent by Jlr. W. T. Evans, 
New York) ; A\itumn ; Evening. 

Moeller, Louis, New York. — Searching 
(lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New 
York) ;' Stubborn (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clarke, New York). 

Moran, Edward, New York.— The 
Eirst Shi]! Entering New York Harbor ; 
Life Saving Patrol, New Jersey Coast 
(lent by Mr. Amedee Pargis, New York); 
Melodies of the Sea (lent'bv Mrs. Martha 
E. French, Chicago) ; " The White 
Squadron's Farewell Salute to Commo- 
dore John Ericsson. 



I Moran, Thomas, New York. — Grand 
Canon of the Yellowstone ; Iceberg in 
Mid-Atlantic. 

Moran, Leon, New York. — Back from 
tlie Post Office. 

Mowbray, H. Siddons, New York. — 
The Rose Harvest (lent by Mr. T. Hel- 
man. New York) ; Arcadia (lent by Mr. 
W. T. Evans, New York) ; Scheherazade, 
"Arabian Nights "(lent by Mr. Thomas 
B. Clarke, New York) ; The Evening 
Breeze (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, 
New York). 

^Murphy, J. Francis, New York. — • 
November Grays ; The Hazy Jlorn. 

Needham, Charles Aus'.in, New York. 
— Mott Haven Canal. New York City ; 
A Street in New York City ; Near Fac- 
tory Hollow, Turner's Falls, Mass. 

Newconib, Mrs. Marie Guise, New 
York. — Sheep in the Clearing. 

Nicoll, J. C, New York.— " Wi lilt 
Rain To-Morrow 1 " ; Sunlight on the 
Sea. 

Ochtmau, Leonard, New York. — Along 
the jNIianus Riven Night; Harvesting by 
Moonlight (lent by Mr. Fredk. Benedict, 
New York). 

Palmer, Walter L., Albany. — Autumn 
Morning; Mists Clearing Away (lent by 
Mr. Jno. G. JMyers, Albanv); An Early 
Snow (lent by Mr. F. D." Iluctt, New 
York); Januar}^ (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clarke, New York). 

Parsons, Orrin Sheldon, New York. — 
Lawn Tennis; A Lady in Black (lent by 
Mr. J. L. Ihint. New "York). 

Parton. Arthur, New York. — Evening 
After the Rain (lent by Mr. Geo. I. Seney, 
New York); In the jlonth of May (lent 
by Mr. W. T. Evans, Ne^v York). ' 

'Pcnfold, Frank ('., Buffalo.— Herring 
Season, Pas de Calais. 

Phelps, Helen Watson, New York. — 
Abandon. 

Picknell, Wm. L., New York.— Early 
iMorning; Sunday Morning; The Edge of 
Winter" (lent b.y Mr. F. A. Hammond, 
New York); The Road to Concarneau 
(lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New 
York). 

Piatt, Charles A.. New York.— Winter 
Landscape; Early Spring. 

Raught, John' Willard, New York. — 
Gorse "Cutters, Brittany; The Highway, 
Brittany. 

Rchu, F. K. M., New York.— Where 
Waves and Sunshine Meet; Close of a 
Summer's Day (lent by the Buffalo Club, 
BnfEalo). 

Reid, Robert, New York. — Portrait of 
Little Miss S. (lent by Mrs. L. H. Stevens, 
New York); The Red Flower; Vision of 
St. Angela d'Agnaut; Her First Born. 

Reinhart, C.^S., New York.— Washed 
Ashore; Awaiting the Absent. 



E.EPOET OX THE FiNE AeTS ExHIBIT. 



ss'; 



Rice, Wm. M. J., New York. — Land- 
scape; Evening Clouds; Portrait; Portrait. 
Robinson. Theodore, Xew York. — A 
Roman Fountain; Winter Landscape 
(lent by 3Ir. J. il. Liclitenauer, New 
York); 'The Layette. 

Rose, Guj'. Xew Yoik. — Food for the 
Laborers; The End ot the Day; Potato 
Gatherers". 

Sartain. Wilham, Xew York. — Sand 
Dunes at JIanasquam; Nubian Sheik. 

Schilling, Alexander. New York. — A 
Day in Spring (lent by Mr. ^Uexis Lud- 
wig, Leonia); Landscape (lent by Mr. 
Alexis Ludmg, Leonia). 

Sewell, Mrs. Amanda Brewster, New 
York.— By tlie River; Portrait of Mother 
and Son; Sappho; Portrait of Mrs. Bou- 
dinot Keith (lent by Mrs. J. 3L Wheeler, 
New York); Washing Place in the (Jati- 
nais; Pleasures of the Past; A Sylvan 
Festival. 

Sewell, Robert Y. V., New York.— 
Diana Hunting; AVinter; In Shanty Town; 
Boys Bathing; Sea Urchins. 

Shepley, Annie B , New York. — The 
Wonderful Story. 

Sheppard, Warren, Brooklyn. — The 
Restless Sea (lent by Mr. J. S. Fassett, 
Tonawanda). 

Shields. Thomas W., Brooklyn. — Cava- 
her, time of Louis XIII. 

Shirlaw, Walter, New York. — Toning 
the Bell (lent by Mr. J. H. Willing. 
Chicago); Sheepshearing in the Bavarian 
Highlands ; Rufina (lent by the Century 
Association, New York). 

Shurtleff, R. M., New York. — Autumn 
Forest (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans. New 
York); In Autumn Woods; Looking East 
at Sunset. 

Simmons, Edward E., New York. — 
Early Moonhght ; Bay of St. Ives ; The 
Carpenter's Sou; Darby and Joan. 

Smedley, W. T., New York.— Embar- 
rassment (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, 
New York). 

Smillie, Geo. H., New York. — From 
West Moimtain, Conn. ; A Lush Place 
(lent by Washington Wilson, New York); 
31111 Pond at Ridgefield, Conn, (lent by 
John S. White, New York). 

Smith. Henry P., New York.— Old 
Oaks at Waterford (lent bv Latham A. 
Fish, Brooklyn); Landscape at Water- 
ford, Conn. 

Smith. De Cost, New York. — Sioux 
Lovers (lent by Mr. E. Reuel Smith, New 
York); Driven Back. 

Slade, Emily, New York. — Portrait of 
Miss C. C. C. 

Sontag, Wm. L., New York. — Mt. 
Jefferson and Mt. Adams, White iloun- 
tains. N. H. 

Strickler, John R., Brooklyn. — Inter- 
rupted. 



Taggart, George, Watertown. — A 
Portrait. 

Thayer, Abbott H., Scarboro. — Por- 
trait of Lady (lent by Mss C. F. Stillman, 
New York); Brother and Sister (lent by 
Jlr. A. A. Carey. Boston); Yirgin En- 
throned (lent by Mr. J. M. Sears, Boston). 
Thompson. AVords worth. New York. — 
The Deserted Inn; In the Sweet Summer 
Time (lent by Mr. George H. Babcock, 
Plainfleld, N. J.). 

Throop, Frances Hunt, New York. — 
Spring Carn;.tions; Portrait of a Lady. 

Tiffany, Louis C., New Ycrk. — Market 
at >;ureinbin-g. Ba\'aria; Pottery Market 
at Wurtsberg. 

Toasjiern, Otto, New York. — Music. 
Tompkins, Clementina M. G., New 
York. — A Beginner in Art. 
Towner, Flora L., Albany. — Portrait. 
Trotter, Marj- K.. New York — Daph- 
nis; Lamplight. 

Tryon, D. W., New York.— New Eng- 
land Village ; Evening ; Night (lent by 
3Ir. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); Star- 
light (lent by Mr. Thom.ns B. Clarke); 
Winter Evening (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clarke); October (lent by Mr. Thomas B. 
Clarke); Morning (lent by 3Ir. John 
Newall. Chicago); A Winter Afternoon; 
A Salt Marsh, December; Daybreak, New 
Bedford Harbor; Springtime"(lent by Mr. 
C. L. Freer, Detroit); Autumn (lent by 
Mr. C. L. Freer); Sunset at Sea (lent by 
Mr. C. L. Freer); Rising Jloon, Autumn 
(lent by Mr. C. L. Freer); The Rising 
Moon (lent by ilr. C. L. Freer). 

Turner, C. Y., New York. — Saw Wood 
and Say Nothing ; Washing Day ; The 
Coppersmith (lent by Mr. Theo. ilarburg. 
New York); Gossips (lent bv Mr. Thomas 
B. Clarke, New York); On the Beach, 
Easthampton (lent bj- Mr. W. il. Chase, 
New York); Afternoon Tea (lent by Mr. 
Chester W. Chapin, New York); The 
Grand Canal, Dordrecht, Holland (lent 
by 3Ir. 'John Taylor Johnston, New 
York); John Alden's Letter ; Courtship 
(if Miles Standish (lent bv :Mi-. Henrv 0. 
Howells, Flushing), The"Days That" Are 
No More; The Pride of the Farm. 

Tyler, Bayard H., New York.— 
AVaiting. 

Tyler, James G., New York. — The 
Norman's Woe (lent by Mr. J. M. Jones, 
New York). 

Van Boskerck, Robert AV., New York. 
— A Rhode Island River; The Hackensack 
Meadows; Sand Road from the Sea (lent 
by Mr. H. R. C. AVatson, New York). 

A^an Etten, Kruseman, New York. — 
Late Autumn. 

A'an Gorder. L. E., New York.— The 
Terrace. Central Park, New York. 

Walker, Henry O., New A'ork. — Boy on 
a Donkey (lent by Mrs. S. D. Warren, 



388 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Boston); The Gift Bearers (lent by Miss 
E. H. Biirtol, Boston); Hagar and 
Islimael. 

Walker, Horatio, New York, — A Sta- 
ble Interior. 

Weir, J. Alden, New York. — Summer- 
land; The Lane; The Christmas Tree; 
Autumn; The Young Student; Portrait 
of Webb Weir; the Open Book; 
Portrait. 

Wentworth, Cecilia E. , New York. — 
Prayer. 

Whittemore, Wm. J., New York. — 
Autumn Sunshine. 

Whittredge, W., New York.— Khode 
Island Coast; The Old Hunting Ground 
(lent bv Mr. J. W. Pinchot, New York); 
The Plains (lent by the Century Club, 
New York). 

Wigand, Albright, Mt. Vernon. — Por- 
trait of M. J. Albright. 

Wigand, Otto C., Mt. Vernon.— The 
Old Willow Tree. 

Wiggins, Carlton, New York. — Even- 
ing, Village of Grez (lent bj' Mrs. Chas. 
M. Kurtz, New York); Clouds and Sun- 
shine (lent hy Mr. Chas. E. Dingee, 
Brooklyn); Midsummer (lent by Mr. 
John F. Dingee, Brooklyn). 

Wiles, L. M., New York.— The Old 
Quarry. 

Wiles, Irving K., New York. — Sun- 
shine and Flowers; Sunlight- in the 
Studio (lent by Mr. C. D. Miller, Jersev 
City); The Sonata (lent by 3Ir. W. f . 
Evans, New York.); Portraits; A Girl iu 
Black (lent by Mr. W. M. Chase, New 
York); A Lady in Green. 

Witt, J. H., New York.— The Celestial 
Choir. 

Wyant, A. H. (deceased). — In the Adi- 
rondacks (lent by Mr. W. T, Evans, 
New York); Evening (lent by Mrs. A. 
L. Wj'ant, New York); Sunset in the 
Woods (leot by Mr. J. M. Lichtenauer, 
New York); Clearing Off; An October 
Day; Sunset (lent by Mr. Fredk. B. 
Pratt, Brooklyn); In the Woods. 

I;OANED BY CiTIZEKS OP NeW YoRK. 

By Mr. J. R. Ball, New York.— Rosec 
(Weir, John I*"'., New Haven). 

By Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, Now York. 
— Nine O'Clock (Inness, Geo., Montclair, 
N. J.); September Afternoon (Ibid.); Near 
Marslifield (Ibid.); Sunburst (Ibid.); Tiio 
MiUpond (Ibid.); A Gray Lowery Day 
(Ibid.); The End oi the Shower (Ibid.); 
Twilight (Ibid.) The Delaware Valley 
(Ibid.); A Sunny Autumn Day ^Ibid.); A 
White Mountain Valley (Ibid.); A"Puritau 
Girl (Valk, Douglas, Minneapolis); Silcnco 
(Baker, William Bliss, deceased); Ulass 
Blowers (Ulrich, Charles F., Munich, Ba- 
varia); The Two Guides (Homer, Wins- 
low, Scarboro, Maine); The Camp Fire 



(Ibid.); March Wind (Ibid.); A Great Gale 
(Ibid.); Maine Coast iu Winter (Ibid.). 

By Mr. W. T. Evans.— Normandy 
Landscape (Eaton, C. Ilarr}'); In the Land 
of Promise, Castle Garden (IJIrich, Chas. 
F., Munich, Bavaria); Reflection (Fitz. B. 
R., deceased). 

By Mr. Davis Johnson — A Venetian 
Model (Vedder, Elihu). 

By Mr. C. Klacliner — Southern Field 
Trials, 1891 (Tracy, John M., deceased). 

By Col. J. G. Moore.— Delilah (Vedder, 
Elihu, Rome); Sampson (Ibid.). 

By Mr. William R. O'Donovan.- The 
Sculptor (Eakius, Thomas, Philadelphia). 

By Mrs. A. F. Roudcbush.— The Cup 
of Love (Vedder, Elihu, Rome, Italy); The 
Young Marsyas (Ibid.); A Soul iu Bondage 
(Ibid.). 

By Messrs. Reicliard & Co.— The Re- 
turn from the Hunt (Homer, Winslow). 

By Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens. — Por- 
trait (Sargent, John S., London, Eng.). 

By Chas. Scribner's Sons. — The Brook- 
lyn Bridge (Twaclitman, J. H., Green- 
wich, Conn.). 

By Mr. F. L. Smith.— Portrait (Smith, 
Frank Eugene, Munich, Bavaria). 

By Mr.'W. H. Tailer, Dobbs Ferry.— 
The Water's Edge (Gardner, Elizabeth, 
Paris). 

By Mrs. E. A. Thouron. — Resting 
(Thouron, Henry, Philadelphia). 

By tlie University Club, New York. — 
Portrait of Admiral Farragut (Weir, 
John F.). 

By Mr. J. B. Wheeler.- The Pursuit 
(Trego, William T., North Wales. Peun.); 
Morning (Vedder, Elihu, Rome, Italy). 

Loan Collection of Foreign Works 

FROM Private Galleries in New 

York State. 

From Mrs. Prescott Hall Butler. —Beach 
at Portici, Italy (Fortuny, Mariano, 
1838-1 ST4, Spain). 

From Mr. William Buchanan. — Sun 
Breaking through the Mist (Francais, 
Francois-Louis, Paris); An Odalisque 
(Carolus-Dui-an, Emile-Auguste, Paris). 

From Mr. Alfred Corning Clark.— After 
the Bath (Millet, Jean Francois, 1814-1875, 
Prance); The Gleaners (Ibid.); Christ at 
the Tomb (Delacroix, Ferd. Victor Eu- 
gene, 1798-1863, France); Tiger Quench- 
ing his Thirst (Ibid.); Le Montreur 
de Serpents (Gerome, Jean Leon, France); 
Evening (Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille, 
1796-18'75, France); Coast near Dieppe 
(Daubigny, Cliarles Francois, 1817-1878). 

From Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark.— The 
Haymaker (Millet, Jean Francois, 1814^ 
1875, France). 

From Mr. L. Crist. Delmouico. — A 
Sewing Bee in Holland (Uhde, Fritz von, 
Munich, Bavaria). 








-I. ,s^ 










^>v^;' 



'^^* 



E.EPOET ON THE FiNE AeTS ExHIBIT. 



389 



From Mr. Wm. H. Fullw.— The Plain 
of Montuiartre, Paris (Jlic-hel, Georges, 
1743-1838, France); The Horseman (Ibid.); 
The Open Sea (Diipre, Jules, 1S13-1889, 
France); AVeymouth Bay (Constable, John, 
17;(j-183r, England). 

From the collection ol' the late Jay 
Gould. — Evening (Carot, Jean Baptiste 
Camille, 179G-1ST5, France); A Pastoral 
(Bouheur, ]Mlle. Eosa, Paris) ; View on 
the Seine (Rousseau, Theodore, 1812-1867, 
France). 

From Mr. CoUis P. Huntington. — 
Colza Gatherers (Breton, Jules xVilolphe, 
Paris); The Spj' (Neville, Alphonse Marie 
de, 1836-1887, France). 

From Mr. Henry Havemeyer. — The 
Flight from Sodom (Corot, Jean Baptiste 
Camille, France); Dogs and Hare (Cour- 
bet, Gustave, 1819-1877, France). 

From Mr. James S. Inglis. — The Dead 
Toreador (Manet, Edouard, 1833-1883, 
France). 

From Mr. Meyer Jonassen. — Study, 
French Peasant Girl's Head (Desau, Louis 
P.. France). 

From Mr. Joseph JefEerson. — The 
Flock (Mauve, Anton, 1838-1888, Hol- 
land). 

From Mr. Henry G. Marquand. — A 
Reading from Homer (Alma-Tadema, 
Laurens, London). 

From Mr. D. W. Powers, Rochester. — 
The Falconer (Fromentin, Eugene, 1830- 
1876, Paris.) 

From Mr. Albert Spencer. — Dawn on 
the Coast of the North Sea (Monet, Claude, 
P;iris); Morning Fog (Ibid.); Race Horses 
(Degas, Paris); In the Garden (Renoir, A., 
P.iris). 

From Mr. Frank Hill Smith.— A Lone 
Tree, Autumn (Rousseau, Theod., 1813- 
1867, France). 

From Mr. Cornelius Vandcrbilt. — A 
Drove of Cattle and Sheep (Troyon, Con- 
stant, 1810-1865, France). 

WATER COLORS. 

when not otherwise designated the residence 
of the artists in this list is New Yorlc citj^. The 
numerals attached denote the uumoer of pictures 
on exhibition. 

Baker, J. Elder. 1. 
Birney, Wm. Verplauck. 1. 
Blashfield, Edwin H. 1. 
Bradbury. M. K. 1. 
Bradley, Horace. 1. 
Bricher, A. T. 1. 
Brown. J. G. 1. 

Carter, Ferdinand A., Syracuse. 1. 
Chapman, Carlton T. 1. 
Church, F. S. 1. 
Coffln, Esther L. 3. 
. Currau, C. C. 3. 
Daingerfleld, EUiott. 1. 
De'Luce, Percival. 1. 



Drake, W. II. 3. 

Eaton, C. Harry. 3. 

Eaton, Chas. Warren. 3. 

Edwards, Geo. Wharton. 3. 

Foster, Ben. 3. 

Franzeu, xVugust. 2. 

Eraser, John A. 5. 

Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. 8. 

Gifford, R. Swain. 4. 

Hammer, John J. 1. 

Harison, Maiy A., Brooklyn. 1 

Hassam, Childe. 5. 

Henry, Edward L. 1. 

Herter, Albert. 1. 

Ihlefield, Henry. 1. 

Jones, Francis C. 1. 

Jones, II. Bolton. 8. 

Kappes, Alfred Van Courtlandt. 1. 

Keller, Arthur J. 1. 

La Farge, John. 3. 

Lampert, EmmaE., Rochester. 3. 

McChesuey, Clara T. 3. 

Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. 3. 

Manley, Thos. R. 1. 

Maynard, Geo. Willoughhy. 2. 

Mente, Charles. 4. 

3Iillet, F. D. 1. 

Minor, Robert C. 1. 

Jlorau, Edward. 1. 

Nichols, Rhoda Holmes. 3. 

Nicoll, J. C. 4. 

Needham, t'has. Austin. 1. 

Ochtman, Leonard. 1. 

Perrie, Bertha E. 1. 

Pitkin, Caroline "W. 1. 

Pomeroy, Grace V. 1. 

Redmond, J. J. 1. 

Rehn, F. K. M. 1. 

Rix, Julian. 3. 

Satterlee, Walter. 3. 

Sawyer, D. Wallace. 1. 

Schilling, Alexander. 2. 

Scott, Mrs. E. M. 4. 

SLci-wood, Rosina Emmet. 3. 

Smedley, W. T. 9. 

Smillie, N. S. J. 1. 

Smith, F. Hopkinson. 4. 

Snell, Henry B. 1. 

Thulstrup, T. de. 3. 

Tiffany, Louis C. 6. 

Tyler," James G. 1. 

Vauderveer, Mary A., Amsterdam. 1. 

Walton, Wm. 1. 

AVhittemore, Wm. J. 5. 

CHALK, CHARCOAL, PASTEL, PEN- 
CIL AND OTHER DRAWINGS. 
WORKS IN BLACK AND WHITE, 
ETC. 

Allan, W. R. 4. 
Bacher, Otto H. 8. 
Binuey, JIartha G. 1. 
Birch, Reginald B. 2. 
Blashfield. Edwin H. 8. 
Blum, Robert. 17. 
Bradley, Horace. 1. 



390 



]S"e\v York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Brown, J. Appleton. 4. 
Burns, M. J. 2. 
Champuey, J. AVells. 3. 
Chapman, Carlton T. 3. 
Chase, Wm. M. 3. 
Church, F. S. 2. 
Cox, Kenyon. 4. 
Denman, Herbert. 3. 
Dumond, F V. 5. 
Eaton, Charles Warren. 4. 
Edwards, George Wharton. 2. 
Emmet, Lydla Field. 1. 
Fraser, John A. 4. 
Gates, J. H. 1. 
Gaul, Gilbert. 12. 
Gibson, C. D. 3. 

Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. l."j. 
Hammer, John. 1. 
Hecker, Caroline T. 1. 
Hyde, W. H. 1. 
Josephi, J. A. 1. 
Kemble, E. W., New Rochelle. 3. 
Low, Will H. 3. 
Metcalf, W. L. 3. 
Millet, F. D. 5. 
Mills, Lena. 3. 
Mowbray, H. Siddons. 1. 
Necker, Caroline T. 1. 
Parsons, Alfred. 9. 
Pennington, Harper. 1. 
Perard, Victor. 3. 
Reinhart, C. S. 7. 

Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. 
13. 
Reynolds, Alice M. 1. 
Robin.son, Theodore. 1. 
Rogers, W. A. 11. 
Sherwood, Rosina Emmet. 4. 
Shirlaw, Walter. 1. 
Smedley, W. T. 35. 
Smith, F. Hopkinson. 3. 
Taber. W. 1. 
Taylor, Charles J. 1. 
Thulstrup, T. de. 18. 
Tyler, Bayard H. 3. 
Van Schaick, S. W. 5. 
Wenzell, A. B. 16. 
Wiles, Irving R. 17. 
Woodward, J. D. 1 
Zoffbaum, R. F. 3. 



PEN AND INK DRAWINGS. 



Bacher, Otto H. 3. 
Bellew, F. P. W. 1. 
Blashfleld, Edwin H. 



1. 



Blum, Robert. 8. 

Broughton, C. 1. 

Cox, Kenyon. 1. 

Eaton, Wyatt. 1. 

Gibson, C. D. 36. 

Hertord, O. 1. 

Johnson, C. H. 1. 

Kemble, E, W., New Rochelle. 10. 

Metcalf, W. L. 1. 



Reinhart, C. S. 3. 

Remington, Frank, New Rochelle. 1. 
Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. 
3. 
Rogers, W. A. 14. 
Taber, W. 3. 
Taylor, Chas. J. 7. 

ENGRAVINGS, ETCHINGS, PRINTS. 

Bloodgood, Robert F. 3. 
Calahan, James T. 1. 
Chapman, Carlton T. 16. 
Dielman. Fredk. 1. 
GifEord, R. Swain. 6. 
Johnson, Thomas. 3. 
Manley, Thomas R. 7. 
Mercier, Gustav. 4. 
Mielatz, Chas. F. W. 31. 
Moran, M. Nimmo. 12. 
Mygatt, Robertson K. 10. 
Nicoll, J. C. 5. 
Piatt, Chas, A. 17. 
Smith, Sidney L. 13. 
Schilling, Alexander. 37. 
Sartain. Wm. 3. 
Vauderhoof, Chas. A. 13. 
Van Etten, Kruseman. 3. 
Weir, J. Alden. 36. 
Whittemore, Wm. J. 2. 
Whittemore, Chas. E. 3. 
Yewell, Geo. H. 3. 

WOOD ENGRAVINGS. 

Aikman, Walter M., Brooklyn. 9. 

Aitkeu, Peter. 3. 

Baker, Horace. 3. 

Bernstrom, Victor M., Grand View-on 
Hudson. 7. 

Cole, Timothy. 25. 

Collins, Robert C. 4. 

Comstock, Mrs. Anna Botsford, Ithaca. 
6. 

Cooper, Edith. 4. 

Davidson, Harry. 7. 

Davis, John P. 7. 

Del'Orme, E. H. 6. 

Evans, John W. , Brooklyn. 4. 

Girsch, F., Mt. Vernon. 3. 

Heinmann, Ernest, Ft. Wadsworth. 1, 

Johnson, Thomas. 13. 

Miller, William. 7. 

Muller, R. A., Brooklyn. 7. 

Pettit, F. A., Brooklyn. 4. 

Putnam, S. G., Corona. 9. 

Schladitz, E. 2. 

Schlecht, Chas. 5. 

Schwarzburger, C, Brooklyn. 2. 

State, Charles. 3. 

Sugden, Thos. D., Flushing. 1. 

Svlvester, Harry E. 4. 

fietze, Richard G. 3. 

Tinkey, John, Brooklyn. 5. 

Wiekendeu, Robt. J. 1. 

AVolf, Henry. 11. 



Rkhokt on the Fixe Akts Exiiinrr. 



391 



ARCHITECTURE AND DECORA- 
TION. IN WATER COLOR. PEN 
DRAWING, SEPIA, PHOTOGRAPH, 
WASH DRAWING, MODEL, ETC. 
Aldrich, Chester Holmes. 2. 
Babb, Cook ct Williird. 9. 
Bei-i;- & Clark. 1. 
Boring, Tilton & Mailing. 2. 
Bruuner & Tryon. 4. 
Busk-Brown, Mrs. M. Leslie, Newburg. 

3. 

C'arrero ifc Hastings. 11. 

Car_y, George, Buffalo. 1. 

Caiy & Trowbridge, Buffalo. 1. 

Clinton, Chas. W. 2. 

Cusack, AYm. H., Poughkeepsie. 3. 



Daus, R. L., Brookljrn. 
Fosdiek, J. AVni. 1. 
Fowler. Frank. 11. 



1. 



Flagg, 


Ernest. 


1. 


Gibson 


, R. W. 


1. 


Green 


Sc Wicks, 


Buffalo 


Griffin 


A: Randall. 4. 


Hamlin, A. D. 


1. 


Hardeuburgh, H. .1. 2. 


Herts, 


Henry B 


1. 


Hewlett, J. "M. 


1. 



Hunt, Richard M. 1. 
Huss, Geo. Martin. 3. 
Ihneu. Henry ,S. 1. 
Kendall, Edward H. 1. 
Kent, W. W. 4. 
Kimliall & Thompson. 1. 
Lamb & Rich. 2. 
Le Brun, N., & Sons. 1. 
Little & O' Conner. 1. 
McDowell, Mary (Tiffany Glass Co.). 1. 
McKim, Mead i: White. 14. 
Northrup, Agues F., Flushing. 1. 
Parfltt Brothers, Brooklyn. 3. 
Price, Bruce. 3. 
Reid, Robert. 4. 
Robertson, R. H. 1. 
Romeyn & Stever. 1. 
Rossiter & Wright. 2. 
Sperry, Edw. Peck (Tiffany Glass 
Co.). 2. 

Stoughtou, Arthur A. 1. 
Tiffany, Louis C. 2. 
Totten, Geo. 0., Jr. 1. 
Tubby, Wm. B. 3. 
Turner, Thornton Floyd. 3. 
Tuthill, Wni. Burnett. 4. 
Wells, Edmund B. 1. 



LOAN COLLECTION. 



WATER COLORS. 
Bourne, Mr. F. G. 1. 
Clarke, Jlr. Thomas B. 1. 
Cordova, Miss Helene de. 1. . 
Evans, Mr. Wm. T. 3. 
Francke, Mr. Louis J. 1. 
Imlach, Miss Louise. 1. 
Knapp, Mr. Shcppard. 1. • 
Marquand, Mr. Henry G. 3. 
Scribner's Sons, Charles. 9. 
Sherwood, Mrs. John H. 1. 
Van Dorn, Mrs. ir 
Watson, Mr. Walter. 1. 

CHALK, CHARCOAL, PASTEL,WASH 
DRAWINGS, ETC. 

Art Students' League. 1. 
Centurv Company. 89. 
Chase, "."Mr. William M. 1. 
Curi'an, Mr. C. C. 1. 
Harper ic Brothers. 41. 
Leshe's Weekly. 1. 
Mitchell & Mifler ("Life "). 20. 
Schwarznian, Mr. A. 1. 
Scribner's Sons, Cliarles. 62. 
Warner, Mr. Olin L. 1. 
Young Women's Christian Associa- 
tion. 1. 



PEN AND INK DRAWINGS, ETCH- 
INGS, ETC. 

Bishop, Mr. Heber R. 8. 

Carter, Mr. Walter S., Brooklyn. 7. 

Century Company. 63. 

Gibson, Mr. W. C.Port Chester. 1, 

Harper & Brothers. 14. 

Kennedy, Mr. Edward G. 13. 

Klackner, Mr. C. 3. 

Mansfield, ..Mr. Howard. 20. 

Mitchell & Miller (" Life "). 16. 

Scribner's Sous, Charles. 14. 

Vanderbilt, Mr. George W. 3. 



WOOD ENGRAVINGS. 



Ceiitury Companj'. 31. 
Harper & Brothers. 11. 
Klackner, Mr. C. 3. 
Montross, Mr. N. E. 2. 



For list of paintings and sculpture 
from New York State sent to the women's 
department of the World's Fair and exhib- 
ited in the W^oman's Building, see page 
192. 



392 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition.' 



NOlSr-COMPETITOES FOEAWAEDS: NEWTOEK. 



Works by the following artists in the 
United States section were not examined 
by the board of judges. The artists 
whose names are marlied with the * were 
members of the board of judges. Otliers 
in the list particularly specified when 
sending works that their productions 
were not entered for examination for 
awards. 



CONTRIBUTOBS OF 
*French, Daniel C. 
* Warner, Olin L. 



SCULPTUHE. 



CONTRIBUTORS OP OIL PAINT- 
INGS. 

Alexander, Henry. 

Allen, W. S. 

Arasden, Wm. T. 

Baer, Wm. J. 

Bell, Edward A. 

Blakelock, R. A. 

Blenner, Carle J. 

Boston, Joseph H. 

Bristol, J. B. 

Brown, J. Appleton. 

Brown, J. G. 

Brown, Matilda. 

Bush-Brown, Mrs. 

Butler, Geo. B. 

Buttles, Mary. 

Chapman, Carleton T. 
*Chase, Wm. M. 

Clark, Rose. 

Clark, Walter. 

CHnedinst, B. W. 

CofBn, Elizabeth R. 

Cohen, Geo. W. 

Coman, Mrs. Charlotte D. 

De Forest, Lockwood. 

De Haas, M. F. H. 
*Dielmau, Fredk. 

Dillon, Julia. 

Dube, Mattie. 

Dvorak, Prank. 

Eaton, C. Harry. 

Eaton, Chas. Warren. 

Emmet, Lydia F. 

Evans, Jos. 

Faxon, Wm. Baily. 

Powley, Mary B. O. 

Eraser, John A. 
*GifEord, R. Swain. 

Gill, Rosalie L. 
■ Green, C. A. 

Green, Frank Russell. *-* 

Hammer, John J. 

Harris, Chas. X. 

Haskell, Ida C. 

Haynes, C. Coventry. 

Henry, Edward L. 

Herter, Albert. 



Hill, Roswell S. 

Irwin, Benoni. 

Isham, Samuel. 

Keith, Mrs. Dora Wheeler. 

Ketcham, Susan M. 

Koehler, Robert. 
*La Farge, John. 

Lamb, Ella Condie. 

Lyman, Joseph. 
'•■Maynard, Geo. Willoughby. 

Miller, Chas. H. 
•■■Millet, Prank D. 

Minor, Robert C. 

Moran, Edward. 

Newcomb, Mrs. Marie Guise. 
••-NicoU, J. C. 

Raught, John William. 

Rehn, P. K. M. 

Rice, Wm. J. 

Schilling, Alexander. 

Shepley, xVnuie B. 

Shields, Thomas W. 
*Shirlaw, Walter. 

Slade, Emily. 

Smith, De Cost. 

Smith, Henry P. 

Strickler, John R. 

Taggart, George. 

Van Etten, Krauseman. 

Van Gordcr, L. S. 

Wigand, A. A. 
*Whittredge, W. 

WATER COLORS. 
Birnej', Wm. Verplanck. 
Bradbury, M. R. 
Chapman, Carleton T. 
Curran, Charles C. 
De Luce, Percival. 
Eaton, C. HarrJ^ 
Eaton, Chas. Warren. 
Foster, Ben. 
Eraser, John A. 
Gibson, W. Hamilton. 
Henry, Edward L. 
Mente, Charles. 
*Nicoll, J. C. 
Ochtman, Leonard. 
Pitkin, Caroline W. 
Redmond, J. J. 
Rehn, P. K. M. 
Satterlee, Walter. 
Schilling, Alex. 
Scott, Mrs. E. M. 
Walton, William. 

MISCELLANEOUS DRAWINGS. 
Blashfield, E. H. 
Bloodgood, Robert P. 
Burns, M. J. 
Cox, Kenyon. 
Denman, Herbert. 




1) 



< 



o 






Z3 



O 



> 



TIepoet ox the Fixe Arts Exhibit. 



393 



Edwards. G. W. 

Fraser, .1. A. 

Hammer, .lohii J. 

Hyde, W. H. 

Kcmb'c. E. W. 
*iDllet. F. D. 

Pai-sons, Alfred. 

Penuingtou, Harper. 

Perard, Y. 

Robinson. Theodore. 

Rogers, AV. A. 
*Shir)a-n-, Walter. 

Smith, F. Hopkinson. 

Taber, W. 



Tavlor. Charles .Jay. 
Tyler, Bayard II. " 
Van Scha'iek, S. W. 
Wickendcn. R. J. 
"Wiles, Irving R, 
Woodward, J. D. 

PASTELS. 
Allan, W. U. 
Binney. Martha G. 
Charapnev, .1. Wells. 
"Chase. Wm. il. 
Eaton, Chas. Warrci}. 
Reynolds, Alice M, 



50 



REPOET ON THE EXHIBIT OF THE NEW YORK 

STATE WORKINGMAN'S MODEL HOME. 



By KATHARINE BEMENT DAVIS, Rochester, Dikectoe. 



Okigin of Exhibit. 

When it became certain that women were to have an important part 
in the management of the World's Cohmihian Exposition, the thouglit 
came to many women whose cliief interest lay in the household that 
now would be the opportunitj' for gathering together all that art and 
ai'chitecture had done for beautifying the home, or science and inven- 
tion for perfecting its sanitation, increasing its conveniences and 
improving its labor-saving devices. 

If sanitary appliances could have been taken from the Anthropologi- 
cal Building, tapestries, art needle work and other beautiful household 
decorations from the Woman's Building, silver and china from the 
Manufactures Building, electrical inventions from the Electricity 
Building, food exhibits from the Agricultural Building, and all placed 
under one great roof, women would have stood amazed at the stupen- 
dous progress made in the last fifty years in beautifying and improving 
the home. 

It was the anticipation of this which caused Lucy M. Salmon, pro- 
fessor of liistory at Vassar College, to turn her attenti(_)n towai-d the 
possibility of having exhiliited at Chicago a model house wherein all 
that could be gathered together of the best and most approved in plan, 
furnishing and household management should show to the world an 
ideal Araei'ican home. It must always be a lasting regret to those 
interested in all phases of domestic economy that this admirable plan 
was not carried out as conceived, but the different women's boards to 
whom tlie plan was presented found its execution for various reasons 
impracticable. 

While under discussion by the ISTew York State Boai-d of Women 
Managers the plan attracted the notice of Hon. John Boyd Thacher of 
the Board of Grcneral Managers of New York State and chairman of 
the Executive Ccanmittee on Awards. He was pleased with the idea, 
saw its value, and finally determined upon a modification of the pro- 
posed plan, which in his judgment would render it still more likely to 
accomplish good. This modification was that the house should be a 
working man^s model home. The fact was recognized that in order to 
attain to tiie liighest conditions of living it is necessary not only that 
the workingman earn a fair wage but that he and his be educated 
sufficiently to distinguish between the necessary and the unnecessary, 
the cheap and the shoddy ; that which is truly worth having from that 
which gives only temporary pleasure. 

The exhibition of a home, where a practical illustration of right 
principles could be given, would have great educational value to the 



WoekinctMAn's Model Home. 395 

masses, ■would prove suggestive to tliose engaged in practical pliilan- 
tbropic work, and would perhaps stiniidate more general study along 
such lines. Secondarily, such an exhibit would be of the greatest 
interest to foreign visitors as an example of the possibilities of the 
workingman's ideal home in the Uiuted States. Mr. Tliacber awakened 
siiflieient interest among the other members of the New York State 
board to secure the appropriation of tlie funds necessary to cany out 
this |)lan. Miss Katharine 1>. Davis, of Rochester, N". Y., was chosen 
to work out the plan in its details and to take charge of the exhibit at 
Chicago. 

Development of Exhibit. 

It was the ith of March, lSil;->, when it was definitely decided that 
the house should be built. The time was all too short for what was to 
be done, and to this fact is largely due the incompleteness and imper- 
fections in the working out of the scheme. 

Guided by the national labor statistics as well as by observation, 
$500 was taken to represent the income of an industrious laborer in 
times when stead}' work could be had. Tlie earnings were to be 
entirely' those of the father of the family. To furnish a basis for work 
an imaginary family was created. Their family history was consti'iicted 
with a view of illustrating in the exhibit what seemed to be vital points 
in the history of any family. 

A young couple are engaged to be married. Both are wage-earners: 
he, a laboring man, making $500 a year ; she, possibly a house servant, 
the most favorable supposition, at three dollars a week and board. If 
they have not others dependent on their earnings, with such an end in 
view each can save §100 a year. If they cannot do better than that 
let them wait at least two years before marrying. With $4:(")0 in cash 
$100 can be put away in the bank as a nest egg or against " a rainy 
day." With the remaining $300 their house can be completely 
furnished. Certainly, most young working people begin witli less. 
We are imagining the ideal thing. 

Having furnished the house and settled the young couple in it, we 
pass on a dozen years or so and find them, in tlie year of the World's 
Fair, 1893, settled in Chicago, living through the hardest period hi a 
fandly's history — that in which there is a growing family, each too 
young to add to the family income. The mother, if the family is to 
be an ideal one, does not herself try, through tliis period, at least, to be 
a worker outside the home. If she is cook and sewing woman, nurse 
and manager of the family income, she is as truly earning as if she 
brought actual dollars and cents into the family treasury. For there is 
no real economy in a home where the children are uncared for, the 
house untidy, tlie fc^od unpalatable and innutritions. We find them 
there with a family of four children, all under ten years. We will 
call them, for convenience, a girl of ten, a boy of eight, a girl of five, 
and a baby boy in the cradle. Under these conditions, if the father and 
mother are judicious, how will they apportion their income of $500 
among the necessary items of family expense ? 

This consideration gives us an opportunity to illustrate three of the 
most vital points — the expenditure for rent, clothing and food. Here 



396 Nkw "^'iiifK AT 'i-iiio AVoKi.n's (\ii.r.Mr.iAx I^Iximsi imon. 

ohsorvation iiiul iiivt'sli_i;'iili(in, curri'cti'd liv slatistics, I'liniisli a i^'uido as 
to tlio possibilities. Mr. ('arml D. \\'ri<;'lit, in his Sixfli Annual Jii'imi't 
(ISDO) on tho (lost ol' tiio Prodm'tioii of Iron, Stool, oto., shows that in 
2,400 families invostigatoil, of various nationalitit>s, 1,'J!)4 Loiiij^' 
Auiorican, llu' |ior(t('nta<>;o of o.\|)onclilun' In incoioo was: IJcnt, 
twelve and two-tenths per rent ; elothini;', eighteen and three-tenths per 
eent ; food, thii't v-uine per cent. The aA'ei'at!;e income I'ur these 
fannlies was ^C)^2'2. 14. 

Mr. Kdward .VtUinson, in his Seienee of N ul rilion, ipioiiiii;' IVom Mr. 
A\'ri_!;-ht's Iveport of the Hiireau ul' l.aliiu- Statistics of Mussaehusetts 
IVir ISS4, gives t,h(> pereentagi^ ol' incomi^ sjient for 1\)od in families of 
that State, whose incdnu' is ^^lUii) nr k'ss, as from sixty-three to sixty- 
four jier e(Mit. The cost of clothing is practically the same throughout 
the euunlry ; likewise tlie average cost o( food, since tlu' higher ])rice 
of certain articles in one locality is (Munterbalanced hy the cheaiiness 
of others. The item of rent is that wdiicli must \'ary most in dilVi'riMit 
localities, being, of course, nnich greater I'm' the same number of rooms 
in the city than in towns or iu the country. 

As the Woi'kingmun's Home was a New York State exhibit, incjuirics 
were carried on iu the various cities of the State, and the results showed 
that suites of fnur rooms, with di'cent con\euienc.es, or snudl detaclaHl 
liouscs, could not generally be had at less than ten dollars a uu)nth. 
'i'his would be the maxinunn of what a workingman ciadd |)ay and still 
have sulficiiMit food and decent clothing. Accoi-dingly, ten dollins a 
mouth, or $120 a year, was set aside for rent. 

Statistics showed tho greatest variation in the matter of expenditui-e 
for food ; from thirty-nine per ccait of the income among t'.u? coal and 
iron Workers to sixty-lour per cent auuaig the Massachn.setts laborers, 
largely factory operatives. A careful study of the food ijuestion shows 
that sixty-four jier cent of tho inciane spent for foinl is i'xtra\'aganlly 
dispi'opcn'tiouate and unnecessary. For forty per cent of the $5011 
income, or for $200 a year, our supposed family can have sulhciei\t 
nutritious food to satisfy not only the apiietito but also all physiological 
n(|uirements as shown hy scientific investigation. Hence $200 was 
allowed for food. 

.\ consideration of the idothing resulted in the decision that $i(it> 
properly exptaah'd would clothe tlu' entire family neatly and 
comfortably. 

The apportionment of income stands, ihei'efore: 

Income $r)00 

Eent, at $10 per mouth $120 

(Nothing 100 

Food . .' 200 

Fuel 30 

Miscellaneous TiO 

Total f. 500 

In brief, the exhibit of the W'w York State Workingman's Model 
Home undei'took 1o answer, partially at least, the following ipiestions: 



Woekixgman's Model Home. 397 

First. How good a house can be built in the State of New York, 
outside of the cities of J^ew York and Brooklyn, so as to rent for ten 
dollars a month ? 

.Second. How completely and suitably can such a house be fur- 
mislied for $300 ? 

Third. How well can a family of six persons, father, mother and 
four children under ten years of age, be clothed on $100 per year ? 

Fourth. How much and wh..t variety of food can the above family 
have for $200 a year, and can the requirements made by a scientific 
study of foods be met in practice for such an amount ? 

These questions will be taken up in order, and the manner in whicli 
they were answered will be considered. 

The House. 

"Do you not believe that the workingman should own his own 
home '. " " Why do you not show some plan by which a man's pay- 
ment of rent can apply on the purchase of his house ? " " Do you 
believe in )'e7itin.g a house ? " These were some of the questions asked 
each day of those in charge of the Workingman's Home. 

The question of rent versus ownership is a most important one. Jfo 
attempt was made -in the exhibit to show how every laborer may own 
his own house. The various loan and building associations are endeav- 
oring to make it possible. It means the utmost industry, care, thrift 
and self-denial on the part of the laborer and his family, with a chance 
of losing all the savings through sickness or misfortune. The courage- 
ous minority attem^at it. The majority are compelled to rent. Too 
often, especially in the cities, the poor man ]3ays an enormous percent- 
age upon tr.e value of the inconveniences he enjoys. 

How good a house can a capitalist build in one of our New Yoi'k 
cities ".nd rent for ten dollars a month, making a fair return on his 
investment ? The result of consultations with business men of experi- 
ence was a decision that, exclusive of the land, $1,000 could be put 
into a house which should rent for $120 per year, the belief being tliat 
a small lot ^ould be purchased in certain parts, or on the outskirts of 
our N3W Yoi'k cities and towns at a price which would make that rent 
pay a fair profit on the entire investment: 

Lack of time prevented the submitting of competitive designs for 
the house. Except for this, a more artistic one might have been 
secured, but hardly a more convenient one. In the emergency caused 
bv the fact that the exposition authorities insisted that the house 
should be inclosed at an earlier date than had been expected, Mr. 
Frederick B. Pratt, a man not only widely known as secretary of the 
Pi-att Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., but also in connection ^^dth the com- 
fortalile housing of the poor in the city in which he lives, most gener- 
ously undertook to furnish the plans and working drawings. After 
consultation "with his architects and others, the plans used were pre- 
pared liy Prijf. W. S. Perry, head of the department of art at the 
Pratt Institute. 

The house at Chicago stood in the extreme southern portion of the 
grounds, not far from the Anthropological Building, and directly across 



398 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

from the buildings of tlie French agricultural colonies. In appear- 
ance it resembled hundreds of the cottages one sees scattered through 
New York and New England ; white, with green blinds, little porch 
with vines and hanging baskets, window boxes of green-painted pine, 
and flower beds filled with inexpensive but cheery flowering plants ; 
brown Holland shades at the windows and a white muslin curtain at 
tlie half-glass front door, to which led the graveled path. 

The house had a frontage of twenty feet and a rear depth of twenty- 
eight feet. It would stand, therefore, on a twenty-flve foot lot. The 
accompanying cuts are reproductions of the working ch'awings, giving 
the front and rear elevations, the floor plans and the plans for framing, 
followed by a '• bill of material," prepared by Mr. John Coder, the 
builder of the house. The demand for plans by the visitors was so 
great that after the middle of July they were published in pamphlet 
form and sold at twenty-flve cents a copy. A second edition was 
necessary. 

The exterior of the house was, to say the least, commonplace. With 
less haste it is probable that something which would have given more 
pleasure to the eye could liave been devised. But those interested 
were unwilling to sacriflee necessity or convenience for mere beauty, 
believing that after all fltness is tlie best of beauty. ' At the moment it 
seemed that something must be sacriflced in order to come withiu the 
money limit, and have that great desideratum, a bathroom. Tested 
by the severe test of use, fewer criticisms could be made on the 
arrangement of the interior than the planner had expected. In the 
flrst place, all available space was judiciously economized ; then there 
was, considering the size of the house, ample closet room. " It is 
entirely unnecessary and too expensive to give a laboring man so many 
closets," said more than one careful builder. No housewife made this 
criticism. The arrangement of kitchen, pantry, sink and stove, was 
such as to save the steps of the housekeeper as far as ])ossible. 

Windows and doors were so placed as to afford suitable spaces for the 
necessary articles of furniture, and to permit eas}' and rapid airing of 
all rooms. The sitting room fireplace was an additional and most 
important means of securing ventilation, the only drawback being that 
where the cost of fuel was so important an item, it would probably have 
to be closed in winter when a stove would have to be used. 

In the arrangement of the rooms the placing of the bathroom was a 
question which received considerable thought. It was Anally located 
as in the plans, because, first, the cost of plumbing was considerably less 
where pipes were not carried to the second floor ; and, secondly, it was 
not possible to put a hot water pipe into the bathtub and come within 
the estimated cost. The proximity of the kitchen makes it easy for the 
mother of the family to put her washboiler on the kitchen fire and 
carry the hot water in pails_,to the tub. Finally, its position makes it 
the warmest possible in winter, when the heat coming in from the 
kitchen, supplemented by that of a central draft lamp, would raise 
the temperature high enough for bathing. The bathtul:) itself was tin, 
with wooden casing. The closet was of the most approved "washout" 
pattern, with flush tank. The location of the kitchen sink on the oppo- 



Woekingman's Model PIome. 309 

site side of the wall, was also with the view of making the plumbing bill 
as low as possible. Trajjs were of the best sort. 

The stairway was made of yellow pine, posts and balustrade oiled. 
Many prefer varnish as a finish. It is brigliter and brings out better 
the natural grain of the wood. The objection to it is that it sliows 
every knock and scratch. The lloors were of carefully selected and 
matched pine. In all the rooms of the first story the floors were 
painted in suitable tints not too dark. In the second stoiy brown stain 
Avas used instead of paint in order to test the relative durability. The 
staiu used was of the best, two coats being applied. No floors in a 
private house could ever get the wear that came on these floors during 
the five months that the house was open. The paint wore the better, 
looking decent long after the stain had disappeared. 

The walls throughout the house were painted. The first cost of 
paint was considerably greater than paper, but it needs much less 
frequent renewal, and from a sanitary point of view is far preferable. 
The plastered walls should of course first receive a perfectly smooth 
finish. Then the paint can be wiped like the woodwork and kept 
perfectly free from dust, dirt and bacteria. Care should be taken not 
t(_i get the walls and ceilings too dark, and colors should be selected that 
will harmonize well with the furnishing ; a pretty tinting costs no 
more than an ugly one. It costs very little moi'e to have the ceiling a 
few shades lighter than the walls and the eiiect is better. 

In the sitting room the open fireplace was of the yellow Pennsyl- 
vania brick of which the chimney was also built. The basket grate 
burned either wood or coal. 

The estimate for the house did not include the outside blinds, or 
screens for doors and windows. The blinds were put on at Chicago in 
anticipation of great heat, outside shutters which prevent the sun's 
rays from striking the glass being the most effectual method of keep- 
inir a small house cool. As for the screens, black mosc[uito netting- 
tacked tightly to the outside of the windows costs veiy little and does 
not look badly. If the man or woman of the family has any gumption 
a light door frame' can be made and covered with the same, for the side 
door at least, which will be most used by the family. 

A cellar underneath the whole house -was included in the estimate, 
nothing being allowed, however, for partitioning it into rooms or for a 
cement floor. The lack of a cement floor was a grave error. In most 
localities this would be a sanitary necessity unless the under drainage 
was absolutely perfect. Even then there would be the dangers from 
ground air which only the most careful ventilation could overcome. 
The entrance to the cellar was under the stairway. At Chicago, the 
house being situated on the sand, not far from the lake shore, the dig- 
ging of a cellar was not considered practicable. 

The question was asked many times, " "What changes would you 
suggest after having lived in the house ? " The changes in arrange- 
ment which seemed desirable were few. 

If the two front windows on both floors were put together and a sin- 
gle larger, perhajss, a douljle window made, m<;)re convenient wall space 
Would be given. This was particularly desirable in the bedroom, where 



400 



jMew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



of necessity the head of one of the single beds projected beyond the 
window. 

The moving of the two rear windows, on the right-hand side, two 
feet to the front would also be an improvement. In the kitchen, ^\'hile 
the room would, perhaps, not look as well, it would give a direct 
draught across the kitchen range which would be of great help in sum- 
mer in carrying off unnecessary heat. In the bedroom above it would 
jjrevent a direct breeze upon the beds, which can be put only in one 
place. 

If the closet opening out of the sitting room were to exchange places 
with the door between that room and the kitchen, and its do6r open into 
the kitchen, it would make it more convenient for its purpose as a 
receptacle for out-of-door wraps, rubliers and umbrellas, being nearer 
the side door. It would also prevent much tracking across the sitting- 
room rug. 

If the doorway of the half closet upstairs were moved up to the 
door of the front bedroom and the necessary inclosure of t]:e stairway 
made, the closet would be large enough to hold a single bed and still 
have room enough to hang garments, or it could all be used as store- 
room and closet. The choice would be between utility and the appear- 
ance of the upper hall. A great addition to the convenience of the 
house would be a shed in the rear, which could be used as a laundry. 
This would not be expensive. 

The building estimates have been confirmed by the erection of houses 
from the plans in several localities, which have come within the $1,000 
limit. One built in Chicago before the close of the fair had a broad 
covered stoop across the entire back of the house, a door being put in 
place of the back kitchen window, and with this addition did not exceed 
$1,000. In parts of the country where lumber is cheap the house 
could probably be built for less. 



Bill op Material and Laboe. 



28 



20 



8x8, 28 



Eighty yards of excavating. 

Twentj-'five yards masonry. 

Bill of lumber, two pieces, 6x8, 
feet long, hemlocli. 

Bill of lumber, two pieces, 6x8, 
feet long, hsmlock. 

Bill of lumber, one jjiece 
feet long, hemlock. 

Forty two joists, 2x9, 20 feet long, 
hemlock. 

Thirty -six rafters, 2x6, 14 feet long, 
hemlock. 

Eighteen collar beams, 2x6, 16 feet 
long, lipmlock. 

Two hundred studding, 3 x 4, 16 feet 
long, hemlock 

Sixteen hundred feet of sheathing, for 
lioug building inside, hemlock. 

Nine hundred feet of roof sheathing, 
hemlock. *' 

Forty-five hundi'ed 16-inch shingles, 
white pine. 

Tinning. 



Fourteen hundred feet of ilooring, yel- 
low pine. 

Eighteen hundred feet of sheathing 
paper, manilla. 

Four cllar window frames and sash, 1 
ft. S in x 2 ft, 8 in., white pine. 

Two thousand brick for chimneys, 
2,000 feet of bsvel siding, No. 1. 

One front boor frame and door, with 
trim, 2 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 10 in., white 
pine. 

One back door frame and door, with 
trim, 2 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. 10 in., white pine. 

Five box window frames, with trim, % 
ft, 8 in. x 5 ft. 6 in. (box), white pine. 

One mullion frame, 4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in. 
(box), white pine. 

One single frame, 1 ft. 8 in. x .5 ft. 6 in. 
(box), white pine. 

Four window frames, 2 ft. 8 in. x 4 ft. 
8 in. (box), white pine. 

One window frame (box) 2 ft. 8 in. x 5 
ft., white pine. 



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"Wokkingman's Model Home. 41 '1 



Fourhundred feet of plain washboiirds, 
8 inches -nide, white pine. 

One hundred feet of w-ainscoting for 
bathroom, yellow pine. 

One stairway, three carriaaes, 2x 10, 16 
long, steps and risers, of yellow pine. 

Bathroom complete, with tub and water 
closet. 

Sink and kitchen, complete with drain 
board. 

Three hundred feet of shelving of closet 
and kitchen pantry. 

Two porch posts and rails. 

Four hundred pounds of nails. 

Two locks for outside doors, with night 



(The above frames to be glazed with 
Kg. 2 American glass; trini to be in- 
cluded.) 

Three window frames, hinged, 2 ft. 8 
in. X 1 ft. 9 in., white pine. 

Five hundred and fifty yards of 
plastering. 

One inside door frame with jamb and 
trim, 2 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 8 in., 1 3-S in. 
thick, -Xo. 2, white pine. 

Four inside doorframes, with jamb and 
trim, 2 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. 8 in., 1 3-8, No. 2, 
white pine. 

One inside door frame, with jamb and 
trim, 3 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. S in., :!so. 3, white 
pine. ' keys. 

One cellar door. 2 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. 4 in.. : Four mortise locks, city. 
1 3-8, Iso. 2, white pine. Eight rim locks. 

Five doors for second story, 2 ft. 6 in. Sash locks, sash lifts, sash cord, paint- 
X 6 ft. 6 in. , ing, carpenter work. 

The Furxishixg. 

The house was completely furnished for 8300. This included not 
only furniture, but bedding, linen, china and everything necessary for 
housekeeping. The oljject was to show how well this could be done 
upon so small a sum, and to emphasize the importance of careful esti- 
mates before any purchasing is done. Too often the young couple 
begin at the wrong end, and a plush set for tlie parlor makes a decent 
supply of linen impossible ; too line carpets are purchased, and the 
kitchen lacks those little conveniences which make the housework so 
much easier. 

The sort of furniture selected should be suitable to the kind of 
house. Large pieces and startling colors are inconqjatible with the Ijeauty 
of iitness. In the purchase of furniture duraljility should be one of 
the first considerations. It is not good economy to purchase that which 
is easily broken or which will soon wear out. The plainer the furni- 
ture the less labor in keeping it clean and the longer it will look well. 
Xo matter how plain the furnishing there is no reason whj- taste should 
not be used, and those things selected for the same room which will 
harmonize in style and color. 

In planning the house at Chicago the floors, M'alls, woodwork, etc., 
were painted to harmonize with the scheme of color adopted for each 
room. In the sitting room, for example, the predominating colors were 
brown and blue. The floor was painted a medium, warm brown ; the 
walls were cream with just a sufiicient addition of red to the paint in 
mi.xing.to liven it up ; the ceiHng was white — if it had been a lighter 
cream tint it would have been prettier. These colors harmonized with 
the yellow brick of the fireplace. Covering the center of the floor was 
a rug, home made. A remnant of stair carpeting, brussels, was pur- 
chased at a reduced price. Three breadths were sewn together, mak- 
ing a striped rug, the ends of which were finished with a golden brown 
worsted fringe. Tlie coloring and tlie pattern of the carpet were good, 
the colors being shaded brown and dark blues. The same colors 

51 



402 New York at the World's Columbian KxrosrnoN. 

predominated in the concli and table covers, the only drapery in the 
room. 

The couch was made of a canvas-covered cot bed, the Jegs sawed off 
to make it comfortably low, and kept from sagging in the middle by a 
wooden brace nailed across the ends. On it was folded a comfortable ; 
a pad made for the purpose would have been better. Over this was 
thrown a curtain of the sort sold as Japanese. The pillow was the 
ordinary bed jiillow with a colored cotton cover. The cover and com- 
fortable can be shaken out every morning and so is prefei'able to an 
upholstered lounge which collects the dust. It can of course serve as 
an extra bed. 

The pictures were inexpensive copies, either photographs or cheap 
etchings, of good pictures and framed in plain wooden frames. On 
the hanging book shelves were a few books as the beginning of 
a little library. They included a Bible, Shakespeare, Uncle Tom's 
Cabin and a volume of Dickens. The rose bowl on the upper book 
shelf and the clear glass vase over the fireplace were as 2:)retty in shape 
as if they had been made of cut glass, and M'ith the two or three 
Japanese tea cups and other bits here and there ga'^'e the room a habit- 
able air. The dining table was intended to be in the sitting room, 
though the average laboi'er's wife would doubtless prefer to save steps 
by eating in the kitchen. 

In front of the windows stood the large wooden I'ocker, in which the 
man of the house could enjoy himself when the day's work was done, 
and the smaller sewing chair where the wife could rock the baby to 
sleep or darn the family stockings. Altogether the room M-as pretty, 
attractive and suitable. 

Upstairs two bedrooms were furnished. In each there were two 
single iron bedsteads, white, with brass knobs, with excellent springs, 
and good, short hair mattresses. The washstands, chiffonier and chairs 
were of light oak. Before the beds were rugs made of single breadths 
of carpet, with worsted fringe at the ends. 

The question arose as to whether it would be wise for a yoiing couple 
to spend the money to furnish two bedrooms. This may be a matter 
of opinion and circumstance. If the woman has no sewing machine it 
would be better to try that first and then perhaps one extra single bed 
and whatever other furniture for the second bedroom the money allowed. 
But as tlie family begins to grow it is more and more difficult to take 
money for furniture, and it is good to have a comfortable supply to 
begin with. The two single iron beds cost more than one double 
wooden one. But once bought they will last a lifetime and can easily 
be kept clean. Single beds are much more healthful and are particu- 
larly desirable for hard-working people who need to sleep undisturbed, 
as the restlessness of one will not then trouble the other. 

The third bedroom was unfurnished and used as a storeroom. This 
■ room could be used as a source of income b}' being rented to a lodger, 
at least while the family was sniall. It is unnecessary to comment on 
the bedding further than to say that the comfortables, supposed to have 
been tied by the woman herself, were made of figured turkey red 
calico, at five per cents per yard, were little work to make, and 



WoKKixGMAx's Model Home. 403 

■were very much superior to those sold readv made at one dollar and a 
half. 

The supply of bed and table linen was sufficient for the young 
housekeeper and was all of good quality. The china was of the white 
stone variety, but not the heavy ugly sort, and the tableware included 
all that was necessary to set a table neatly and comfortably. The list 
of kitchen utensils include all that is essential for convenient house- 
keeping, though the individual housekeeper might prefer to substitute 
other articles for some of those specified. 

The only article of kitchen furniture that needs special mention is 
the kitchen stove or range. Tlie whole question of heating is involved. 
It seemed, so far as the investigation showed, that the only thing possi- 
ble in the way of heating the house was by means of stoves. Any other 
method was too expensive to put into the sl.OdO house and too expen- 
sive to run after being put in. So with regret the decision was reached 
that the only thing possible for the poor man, as yet, was the regulation 
kitchen stove, on which they should depend not only for cooking, but, 
in winter, for heat as well. "W^ith regret, because if only the house 
could be heated cheaply enough in winter by some other method, other 
means of applying heat for cooking are cheaper, more convenient and 
rid the kitchen of half its terrors on a hot summer day. 

In the house on the fair grounds gas was the most convenient fuel — 
oil was prohibited by the authorities — so an Aladdin oven was n.sed 
with an ordinary Bunsen burner, to which a " rose burner " was 
attached to spread the flame. A small gas stove supplemented this for 
quick boiling and heating of water. By these means all the cooking 
was satisfactorily done with little rise of temperature in the kitchen. 
In using- the Aladdin oven with gas the heat was so regulated as to 
equal that furnished by the oil lamp ordinarily used. The hotise was 
supposed to be lighted bj- oil lamps, but, for the reason mentioned 
above, it was necessary to put in gas at Chicago. 

The cost of fuel depends so largely on locality that further investiga- 
tion would be necessary before a fair average could be given. From 
available statistics, and a series of experiments made in weighing the 
coal used by an economical housekeej^er, thirty dollars, at the price 
jiaid for coal and oil durino- the past two winters, was thought to be a 
fair estinrate for fuel and lights if only tlie kitchen range were used. 
This would mean cold bedrooms, but if the mother uses hot flat- 
irons to take off the chill from the bedding, dressing and undressing the 
children by the fire, and wrapping them up for the journey through 
the hall, the cold Ijedrooms will not hurt them if they are healthy. 

The furniture and most of the furnishings were purchased at various 
stores in Brooklyn, X. Y. They were bought at the regular retail 
prices, just as any woman would buy. no discounts being asked for. 
The accompanying lists, which, during the fair, were posted in the 
various rooms, show the prices paid for each article. 

Individual taste or judgment might modify the proportions paid for 
the different items. This only attempts to show one way in which a 
house can be furnished for s3(J0 : 



40-± New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

SiTTiKG Room FuiiJS"iTcitE. 

Six cane-seatod chairs §6 00 

Sewing chair 98 

Large roclier 3 00 

Stand 1 65 

Dining table 6 00 

Book shelves 1 00 

Rug : 

Six and three-quarters j'ards carpet, at 65 cents $4 38 3-4 

Four and one-half yards fringe, at 15 cents. 67 1-2 



5 06 



Couch : 

Cot SI 50 

Cover 3 75 

5 25 

Pictures, with frames 5 59 

Boolvs 5 80 

Bric-a-brac 3 00 

Clock 2 50 

Table cover 2 00 



Front Bedroom. 

Two single iron beds, at 87.50 $15 00 

Two sets woven wire springs, at !:J3. 50 7 00 

Two short-hair mattresses, at S5 ; 10 00 

Washstand 3 00 

Chiffonier 8 00 

Two cane-seated chairs, at $1 2 CO 

Two rugs 2 67 

Glass 1 75 

Chamber set (six pieces) 3 15 

Total $52 57 

Back Bedroom Furniture. 

Two single iron beds, at .$7.50 $15 00 

Two sets woven wire springs, at S'^.50 7 00 

Two short-hair mattresses, at $5 10 00 

Washstand 3 00 

Glass 90 

Three cane-seated chairs, at $1 3 00 

Rug 133 

Chamber set (six pieces) 3 15 

Total $43 38 

House Linen. 

Sixteen sheets, 40 yards cotton, at 18 cents $7 20 

Twelve pillow cases, 12 yards cotton, at 16 cents 1 92 

Four table cloths, 10 yards, at 75 cents 7 50 

One dozen table napkins 1 50 

One-half dozen roller towels, 13 yards, at 15 cents 1 SO 

One half dozen dish towels, 6 yards, at 5 cents 30 

One do2en hand towels *-' 2 00 

One-half dozen doilies 38 

Four china towels, 4 yards, at 12 1-2 cents 50 

Total $23 10 









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Woekingman's Model Home. 405 

Bi:dding. 

Three pairs blankets, at §4 512 00 

Five pillows, at §1.50 7 00 

Four bed spreads, at 75 cents 3 00 

Five comfortables (home made), at 95 cents 4 " ^ 



7S 



Total 527 35 

Kitchen Furniture. 

Three chairs, at 50 cents $1 50 

Kitchen table 1 50 

Stove (Boynton Stove Co., New York) 30 00 

or Aladdin oven, complete §28 00 

and small oil stove for quick boiling 3 00 



$31 00 

Kitchen utensils (see list) 32 43 

Table ware 25 91 



Table Ware. 

One dozen dinner plates $1 10 

One dozen tea plates 1 00 

One-half dozen soup plates 50 

One dozen coffee cups and saucers 1 38 

One-half dozen tea cups and saucers 54 

Two platters, 23 cents, 34 cents 56 

Two covered vegetable dishes 1 40 

Three oval vea'etable dishes 71 

One dozen sauce plates ()8 

Frait dish 35 

One dozen butter plates 40 

Four salts and peppers 20 

Two milk ]iitchers, 18 cents, 25 cents 43 

One small ]iiteher 13 

One sugar bowl 40 

One water jiitchcr 40 

One-half dozen oatmeal bowls 36 

One dozen tumblers , 50 

One spoon holder 10 

S.vmp j ug , 30 

Vinegar cruet 30 

One-half dozen steel table knives 1 32 

One-hall' dozen plated table knives 1 47 

One dozen jilated table forks : 3 96 

One carving knife and fork 1 49 

Two dozen plated tea spoons, at $1.98 3 96 

One-half dozen plated table spoons ] 98 

Total |35 91 



KiTciiiiN Utensils. 

Bread box $1 50 

Bread board 50 

Bread knife 35 

Bread tins (oblong, 4) 36 

Bread jians 47 

Broiler (medium size) 19 

Biscuit cutter 03 

Brooms (medium size, 3) 50 

Candlestick 09 



406 E'ew York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposrnoisr. 

Chopping bo-svl §0 S8 

Cliopping knife 35 

Chamber pail 33 

Clothes basket (medium size) 75 

Clothes hamper So 

Clothes line, 70 feet 25 

Clothes pins, 5 dozen 05 

Clothes bars 70 

Clothes wringer 4 00 

Coal shovels (3, large and sniall) 1 15 

Coffee can 25 

Coffee pot 45 

Coffee pot stand, wire 13 

Cook's fork 09 

Cups, agate (two sizes) 34 

Dipper 10 

Pish pan 48 

Dripping pan 50 

Dust pan 07 

Door mat 60 

Frying pan 40 

Flatirons (3) 75 

Flatiron stand 05 

Gem pan, iron 35 

Griddle, iron 36 

Hammer 25 

Ironing board (medium ^i/.e) 65 

Jar, earthen (for beans) 45 

Kettles (2 sizes, iron) 1 00 

Lamps (3) 3 00 

Mop handle ' 21 

Match box 03 

Oil can (medium size) 32 

Pancake turner 07 

Pie plates (2) 10 

Poker 10 

Potato masher 10 

Pails (1 wooden, 1 paper) 40 

Roller, kitchen .50 

Rolling pin 10 

Sugar bo.\ 1 00 

Sauce pans (2 sizes) 1 38 

Strainer 30 

Scoops (3), tin 06 

Scrub brush 10 

Skimmer 00 

Soap dish 10 

Tin spoons (3) 30 

Wooden spoon 05 

Tea can 25 

Teapot 39 

Teakettle 75 

Tub 90 

Washbasin, agiite 44 

Washboard 50 

Washboiler 90 

Total S33 43 

Summary '^F House Furnishing. 

Furniture |138 84 

Linen 23 10 

Beddino- 37 35 

Tidile ware 35 91 

Rugs 9 06 



Woekingman's Model Home. 407 

Window shades and ball cxirtain §13 90 

Kitchen utensils 83 43 

Pictures 5 59 

Books . 5 80 

Bric-a-brac 8 00 

Clock 3 50 

Table cover 2 00 

Total S291 38 



The Clothing. 

In the report on the cost of tlie production of iron and steel Mr. 
Wright shows that in the 2,490 families investigated eighteen and three- 
teiitlis per cent of tlie income is spent for clotiiing. As lie gives the 
amonut expended for the man, the woman and tlie children separately, 
it is easily calculated that of tlie total expenditui'e the husliand gets 
thirty-one per cent, the wife twenty-one per cent, and the children 
forty-seven per cent, omitting fractions. The amount sjjent by tlie 
husband is disproportionately large compared with that spent by the 
wife. 

In onr exhibit we set aside SluO, or twenty 'pev cent of the income, 
as tlie sum to be spent annnally for clothing, and the expenditure M'as 
in the following proportions : Man. twenty-nine per cent ; woman, 
twenty-seven per cent ; children, forty -four per cent. The mother of 
a family is too often prone to sacrifice her own comfort, and the family 
too apt to take it as a matter of course, where clothes are concerned. 
It is poor econoni}' for her to wear thin flannels or none at all, a light 
coat in the winter and no rubbers in the rain, that the children may 
make a better appearance on Sunday. Our apportionment aims at 
doing away with this injustice. 

Before attempting to itemize the expenses in this line, women in 
various stations in life, as school teachers, clerks, servant girls and 
washwomen, were asked to furnish as complete lists as possible of what 
they considered necessaiy for a year's supply of clothes for themselves 
and families. They were also asked as to the lengtli of time tlie dif- 
ferent garments were worn. Of course, judgment in buying, quality 
of goods purchased, taste and ability- in making, and care in mending 
and remaking, are the qualities which make it possible to dress neatly 
on a very small sum. These will vary with the individual and her 
training, and it is sad to know that those who need it most are too apt 
to be tliose who possess the least ability to make a little go a good way. 

The criticisms made by visitors during the fair leave the matter about 
where it was in the beginning, so far as conflnning the judgment of 
those planning the exhibit is concerned. " Three pairs of shoes a year 
is altogether moi-e than is necessary," says one. " I can wear one pair 
for a year." " So can I," replies the exhibitor ; " " but just this 
moment a lady told me that she wore out a pair a month, and that tlie 
estimate was altogether too low." And so it was tiirough all the arti- 
cles on the lists. The women in poorer circumstances, who criticised 
genei-ally, considered it possible to do with less. 

Many families of laboring men dej^end largely on the cast-off clothing 



ttOS New York at the World. s Columbian Exposition. 

of those in better circunistanees for tlie clutliine; of tlie cliiklren. But 
this is sometliiug that cannot be counted upon in such an estimate as 
tins. 

We suppose that the mother does the familj^ sewing. Tlie man's 
clothes and the boy's coats and pants are purchased ready made. 
In selecting great attention must be paid to durabihty of material 
and to good color. In buying dress goods the economical woman will 
select material that will turn, ard, if possible, that wliich has no up or 
down. Even in woolen goods, that which will wash must be selected, 
for skill in making over is money in the pocket, and this cannot be 
done -where colors fade and clothing will not bear a wetting. 

Much of the little girls' clothing can be made from the mother's, and 
it is better economy to pay more in the beginning and then make over, 
than it i-; to get cheap, slazy material for Doth mother and daughters, 
that never looks well after the iww is oif. This was illustrated in the 
clothing on exhibition at tlie fair, where some of the children's dresses 
were made of cloth that had been worn steadily for several years, 
washed and tui-ned, before it was again washed to make the child's 
dress. Plainness and simplicity in style also add to neatness of appear- 
ance and length of Avear. It is needless to speak of the " stitch in 
time " on which will depend the garment's lengtli of days. 

The baby clothes were an attempt to show how good an outfit could 
be had for ten dollars. For the second baby the expenditure would 
probably be little as the clothes of the first ought to be in good con- 
dition. The baby's clothes after being put into short dresses would 
not cost as much as the frst outfit, since they could be largely made 
from outgrown garments. The clothes were very simple. The slips 
and nightgowns measured thirty inches from neck to hem and were 
nntrimmed except for a narrow edging around the neck. The under- 
clothing, skirt and pinning blanket were made after the Jenness-Miller 
patterns, showing the greater comfoi't of the garments which hang 
from the shoulders. 

At Chicago the family clothing was distribiited in its proper places, 
the underclothing laid away in the bureau drawers and the dress coats 
and trousers hung in the closets. Each article had a card attached on 
which the cost was plainly marked. In the ciise of home-made gar- 
ments the quantity of cloth used was also given. On the walls were 
posted itemized lists of the clothing for each member of the family. 
All was open to the public for examination, and it was a daily sight 
to see the front bedroom filled with women standing and sitting around 
the open bureau, examining and criticising the articles and comparing 
domestic experiences, with profit, it is to be lio].ied. 

How to make a little go a good way ; this is something it were well 
to teach the young girls growing up to take their places as mothers of 
families, since, lament it as wc may, the fact remains that for great 
masses of people comfort in,tlie home, including neatness of dress, can 
be had only by the most careful thought and the greatest painstaking. 

The following lists give the results of the studies made ; 















































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Workingman's Model Home. 409 

Pi riTwrer vnn Afiv No. yrs. Average 

Article. t^LOTHENG FOR JIAN. q^^^ worn, for 1 year. 

Overcoat SHOO 3 S3 66f 

Best suit 10 00 2 5 00 

Overalls 85 1 85 

Jumper 80 1 80 

White shirts (2) 1 10 2 55 

Two white collars 26 3 13 

Two pairs white cuffs 50 2 25 

Suspeuders 25 1 25 

Blue flannel shirts (2) 2 50 2 1 25 

Shoes (3 pair) 9 00 1 9 00 

Stockings (3 pair) 75 1 75 

Under vests and drawers 2 00 3 1 00 

Cardigan jacket 2 50 3 83 

Working pants 2 00 1 3 00 

Hat 2 00 3 1 00 

Straw hat 25 1 25 

Necktie 25 3 13 

Handkerchiefs (13) 150 3 50 

Shirts {outing flannel) 1 00 1 1 00 

Total for one year |29 21 

Clothing pok Wojiak. 
One cl'oth summer dress : 

Four yards serge, at §1 |4 00 

Five yards cambric, at 6 cents 80 

Three-fourths yard drilling, at 15 cents 13 

Three-eighths yard velvetine 36 

One spool silk 09 

Oae spool thread 04 

Hooks and eves 05 

|4 96 3 51 66 

One cloth winter dress : 

Five yards flannel, at 79 cents |3 95 

Findings as above 99 

4 94 3 1 65 

Two Ciilico dresses : 

Twenty yards calico, at 8 cents $1 60 

Two 3-ards cambric, at 15 cents 30 

Two spools thread 08 

Hooks and eyes 08 

Buttons 05 

2 11 3 1 05 

Two seersucker dresses : 

Twenty yards seersucker, at 12 1-2 cents §3 50 

Findings •. Zl 

3 01 3 1 00 

Two suits under flannel, at SI. 50 ,. 3 00 3 150 

One flannel skirt 1 55 5 31 

One winter cloak 8 50 3 3 83 

One summer coat 5 90 3 1 97 

Two seer.sucker summer skirts 1 04 6 31 

Two white aprons 54 3 18 

Four gingham aprons 88 3 44 

Four night dresses 3 OS 4 77 

Four corset waists 93 4 33 

Four combination undersuits 1 76 4 44 

Three pairs shoes, at §3.50, §3 50 and §2 8 00 1 8 00 

One pair rubbers 60 1 60 

One umbrella 175 3 58 

One dozen handkerchiefs 1 20 3 40 

Two pairs gloves — kid, 68 cents ; cotton, 37 cents 1 00 2 50 

One pair mittens 25 3 13 



410 New Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

No. yrs. Average 

Article. Cost. worn, for 1 year. 

One rubber co.t ?S 00 5 SO 60 

Two pair winter stockings 1 00 3 50 

Three pair summer stockings 75 2 £8 

Garters , 15 3 08 

Winter hat 1 75 3 88 

Summer hat 75 3 38 

One sliirt waist : 

Three yards cloth, at 17 cents |0 51 

Buttons 08 

Thread 04 

63 3 83 

Total for one year §37 59 

Clothing for Girl of Ten Years. 

One woolen summer dress , $3 00 3 $1 00 

Two gingham dresses 1 86 3 68 

One cambric dress 78 3 86 

One woolen winter dress 3 00 3 1 00 

Two suits of under flannel 3 00 3 1 50 

Three uiglit dresses 1 83 3 66 

Three under waists 54 3 27 

Three combination undergarments ' 96 3 48 

One flannel skirt .". 1 13 3 88 

Two seersucker summer skirts 60 3 30 

One winter cloak 7 00 3 8 50 

One spring coat 3 00 3 100 

One winter hat 1 00 3 50 

One summer hat 84 3 42 

Two pair shoes 8 00 1 3 00 

One pair mittens 35 1 35 

Three gingham aprons 1 35 3 45 

Two white aprons 33 3 16 

Two pairs woolen stockings 1 00 3 50 

Two pairs cotton stockings 58 3 29 

Total for one year $16 60 

Clothing for Bot of Eight Ybars. 

Overcoat §4 00 3 §3 00 

Best suit (worn for common next year) 4 00 4 00 

Extra pants 100 1 100 

Flannel shirts (3) 3 00 3 100 

Seersucker shirts (4) 1 64 3 83 

"Under flannels (3 suits) 3 00 3 1 50 

Caps (corduroy) 75 3 38 

Straw hat 50 1 50 

Mittens 25 1 25 

Rubbers ' . . 50 1 50 

Shoes (3 pair) 3 75 1 3 75 

Night drawers (2) 56 3 38 

Total for one year S15 98 

Clothing for Giki- of Fi'^^e Tears. 

Shoes (3 pair) 2 50 1 3 50 

Winter hat 1 00 3 50 

Summer hat «-: 84 3 43 

Mittens 25 1 25 

Total for one year $3 67 

Other garments are those outgrown bj' older sister, or made over from mother's 
clothes. 



^Yokkixgman's Model Home. 411 

Baby Clothes. Cost. 

One dozen new diapers SO 96 

One dozen old diapers 

Six slips, !it 22 1-3 cents each; 

Five and one-half j-ards cambric, at 11 cents SO 61 

Seven and one-half yards edging, at S cents 60 

One dozen b\ittons, at 5 cents 05 

Two spools cotton, at 4 cents 08 

1 34 

Three night gowns, at IT cents each 51 

Two pinning blankets 1 28 

Two woolen shirts, at 60 cents 1 20 

Two pair socks, at 23 cents 46 

Two skirts, 3 yards flannel, at 37 1-3 cents 1 14 

Two outing flannel sacques, 1 1-3 yards, at 13 1-3 cents 16 

Three bands, 1-2 yard flannel ....." 20 

One fl.iunel wrapper, 2 3-4 yards, at 13 1-3 cents 35 

One c;>p ". 38 

Cloak, 2 1-2 yards flannel, at 69 cents §1 73 

One yard ribbon 13 

One spool silk 09 

1 95 

Total §9 83 

SuMMAiJY OF Clothing fok F.\.mily. Cost for l year. 

3Iau §39 21 

Woman 37 59 

Girl of ten years 16 60 

Bov of eisriit years 15 98 

Girl of five years 3 67 

Baby 9 83 

8102 88 

The Food. 

The objects of tlie food experiment were twofold ; first, to sliow 
that for S2(i0 a year, or an average of fifty-iive cents a day, liye per- 
sons could be so well fed as to satisfy their appetites by the quality and 
variety of food and to keep them in sound health and good working 
condition ; second, to see how closely practice would verify the theory 
by lirst preparing a series of bills of fare, in accordance with the 
standards laid down by our scientific workers in food economics, and 
then testing by putting them in use with a real family and noting 
results. 

The work of physiologi.-;ts, chemists and statisticians on the food 
problem in Germauy, Eugland and America lias been summed up into 
certain so-called '' standards " of food, varying for different nationalities, 
ages and "conditions. These standards show roughly what is the con- 
clusion up to date as to -'^3 quantity of food necessary to sustain life or 
to keep a man in good working condition, and in what proportion the 
different food principles should be represented in his daily ration. The 
standards are based upon experiment and observation, and will, probably, 
be modified by furtlier research. 

To make the food experiment tried at Chicago intelligilile to the 
general reader, a few brief jsreliminary statements in exjjlanation of the 
terms used in the standards may not be otit of place. 



412 New 1 oek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

The five food principles are water, salts, proteids, fats and carbo- 
hydrates. In a ration in which the three last principles are in proper 
proportions the two first will generally take care of themselves. The 
proteids are those constituents of onr food which are composed chem- 
ically of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur and phosphorus. They 
occur in white of egg, lean of meat, and in smaller quantities in grain 
and vegetables. They make new tissues, muscles, tendons, etc. The 
fats contain no nitrogen, being complex compounds of carbon, hydro- 
gen and oxygen. They are found in fat meats, butter, milk, etc. They 
form the fatty tissues. The carbohydrates, which are found cliiefly 
as starcli and sugar, occur most abundantly in grains and vegetables. 
They can be transformed into fat, but their principal use is as fuel, for 
which purpose all three can serve and thus yield energy in the form of 
heat and muscular strength. 

The term calorie has been adopted as tlie unit, not only of heat in 
general pliysics, but also in the study of foods. So used, it is the unit 
of heat or energy producing power of our food. It is equal to the 
amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one kilogram of 
water one degree centigrade. 

Yoit's daily standard for the German laborer is : 

Man at hard work. — Proteids, liS grams ; fats, 100 grams ; carbo- 
hydrates, 450 grams ; calories, 3,370. 

Man at moderate work. — Proteids, 118 grams; fats, 56 grams; car- 
boliydrates, 500 grams ; calories, 3,055. 

Prof. Wm. 0. Atwater's standard, modified for the American 
laborer, is : 

Man at hard work. — Proteids, 150 grams ; fats, 150 grams ; carljo- 
hydrates, 500 grams ; calories, 4,060. 

Man at moderate work. — Proteids, 125 grams ; fats, 125 grams; car- 
bohydrates, 450 grams ; caloi'ies, 3,520. 

The American laborer demands and habitually consumes more food 
than the European working man, the excess being largely fat. 

It is believed that one cannot, for any length of time, fall below 
these standards and still be sulficiently well nourished to do efficient 
work. It is also believed that any great constant -variation in the rela- 
tive proportions of the food principles used, will, in the end, prove 
disastrous to health, taking into consideration what is now known and 
pi'acticed in the art of preparing food. There is very little to be gained 
by telling tiie average woman, poor or otherwise, " You must feed jouv 
family daily so many grams of proteids, etc., if you wisli them to be 
well nourished." More information and different must be given if the 
masses are to profit by studies already made.* 

Konig and otliers furnish us tables in which are given the analyses of 
almost every article of food in common use, showing the relative pro- 
portions of the food principles in the raw material. With the aid of 
the American standard au(i.-these tables, it is not difficult to construct 

* To spread this infoniiation has been the work of such investigators, lecturers 
and writers as Prof. Wm. O. Atwater, Mrs. Ellen H. Richards and Sirs. Marj- Hinn- 
man Abel, and such also is the object of the New .England kitchens and of such 
educational in.stitutions as the Pratt and the Drexel institutes, where domestic science 
and economics is an important course. 






—yp:rrM 

~~r/—r 




z 



^ 



'\\'()i;i\1.\(:man''s M(H)i:i. IIdmic. 413 

bills of fare wliicli shall give us the proper quantity of foml ami in 
])roper proportions. Such bills of fare, especially if accouipaiiiud by 
api)ropriate recipes, giving quantities and amounts, can, of coui'se, be 
understood and acted upon by any housewife who can read. 

As our liills of fare were to be used in a special case, tliev wvw con- 
structed to meet the needs of our theoretic 1'a.mily. Mr. Cari'ol 1). 
AV^i'ight's ai'biti-ary method of estimating the size of a family was 
(!mphived. 

According to this, man e(pials inii units; Wdnian e((iials 'JO units; 
child of 10 equals 75 units; ebild nf S (■(pials TTi units; child of 5 
equals 40 units ; total, ')S(') units. In oilier words, tln^ cM)nsumiug power 
of this family was erpial to three and eiglit-tenths men. Assuming the 
man to be a laliorer at UKxld'ate work, the reipiired (piantities of the 
three food princi])les necessary for one; day's rations, exj)ressed in ounces, 
will be, proteids, .KS.S; fats, lli.S ; carbohydrates, (!(i.;i; calories, l;!,;')T<i. 

If, however, we use the American standard as given for man, Wdinaii 
and children separately, we will have, ])rotoids, 15.8; fats. In. 7; car- 
bohydrates, (;2.;i. 

The bills of far(> as planned, fui'nishcd I'or lirty-livc cents a day pm- 
teids and carbohydrates equal to the maximum in the estimates given 
above, and fats in excess of the minimum. The cost was based upon 
the retail prices in I'rooklyu, N. Y., in the spring of ls;i.",. The prices 
are shown in the acconq)anying table: 

Maukkt PuiCF.s, BuooKi.YN, N. v., Aruu,, 181)15. 

F(lill) PuiiCHASED AT Hl'.'l'AiL. 

Pi'lee per 
Article. How purchnsetl. pound. 

Beof (.shouldcv or leg). . . By tlie pomul, 8 cenls lo 10 ccnls 80,08 

Corned beef By tlie iiound, 8 cents to 10 eeiils 10 

Liver (cow's) By the pound OS 

Beef lieart Kiieli, 10 ceiils to lo cents average A)')V> 

Mutton (breast and neck) By tlic pound 0(i 

Bacon By the pound 17 

Salt pork By the pound 15 

Codfish (salt) '.... By llu; ixuuid 14 

Herring (dried) By the pound 10 

Butter By Ihe jiound 'i') 

Whole nulk By Ihe ([uart, « cents 0'>8 

Skimmed milk By Ihe qr.art, ;i cents 014 

Eggs By the dozen, If) I'ou 3") cents loO 

Eggs By the dozen, later, 13 cents 0!)l 

Cheese I'cr jiound 18 

Flour By tlu> suck, 24 1-3 pounds lor 03 cents 03(i 

Oatmeal By the pound 04 

Rice By the pound, iJ 1-3 jiounds for 3.1 cents 071 

Hominy By Ihe ]iunnd. 5 pounds for 18 cents Olill 

Corn meal Bv the pound (Kj 

Potatoes (old) By the bushel, 70 cents OlKi 

Cabbage .... By the head. 10 cents (aboul ;5 pounds) about .IKili 

Dried jieas By the (|uarl, 8 cents 013 

Dried lieans By Ihe qiiarl, 10 cents 05:! 

Onions By the ]iounil 01 

Beets ' By the peck. 30 cents (about 17 jjounds) about .Oil 

Dried api)les By Ihe jiound, 8 pounds I'or 'i~) cents 081! 

Dried prunes By tlu' pound 10 

Sugar By Ihe (lound, 7 ]i(iunds for SH cents O^l 

Jlacaroiu By I he pound 13 



41-i 



New Y 



OKK \T 'I'm 



"WoKi.n's Coi.r:«i5T.vx Ewosi'i'iux. 



It is supposed that the ■vvouian buys iu small quantities, tlour bv the 
small sack, potatoes by the jieck, etc. The bread used is entirely 
home-made, a pound of flour making a loaf of about a pound ami a 
quarter, which w\\\ furnish more nutriment than tlie tive-ceiit baker's 
loaf. 

The meats used are the cheaper cuts prepared by long, slow cooking. 
Very little butter enters into the bills of fare, the fats being supi)lied 
chiefly by fat meats. Salt pork and bacon are useil largely iov this 
purpose. It is ditficult to supply a proper amount of fat on so small 
an outlay of money to a family avIio do not relish fat of beef or 
mntton. Many persons object to the use of pork, but for a healthy 
person engaged in some active occupation there seems to be no vahd 
objection, ]U'ovided the ]iork used is not diseased and that it is jirnp- 
erly cooked. Skini milk is largely used since the fat is otherwise 
sujiplied. (\irn meal and beans are a most valuable part of the diet. 
Coffee and tea seldom appear. They are simply a luxury aiul contain 
no nutriment. Colfee for breakfast could be added to any bill of fare 
not containing it for about five cents extra. 

A greater variety tiian that which appears coidd be secured by tiie 
use of more made dishes. Tlie aim was to jiut the bills of fare Avithin 
the reach of those who liad time or ability only for the simplest dishes. 

The following arc the bills of fare as oi'iginally jirejiared : 



No. I. 

Brea/cf'ast. — ililk toast; Bostou baked bun us: coffee with milk aud sugar. 

Diiiiw): — Brown fricassee of beef; scalloped potatoes; boiled ouious; bread; hom- 
iuy with sugar syrup. 

jSiippii: — Fried bacuu; bread ami butter. 

Aiiiili/nin. 



ARTICLE 


Pounds. 


Proteiils. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Oiiuoes. 


Ciu-lio- 
hydrntes. 
Ounces. 


Calorics. 


lYice. 


Flour 


2 7-8 
1-4 
o 

i 

1 1-2 
1-8 
1-2 

" 1-2 
1-2 
1-4 

1-1' 


5.52 

.072 
.992 

3.71 

3.984 
.06 
.8 
.64 
.144 

1.12 


.92 

6.228 

.224 

.336 

.777 

1.56 

5.6 



.032 
.56 


81.74 

i.536 
9.184 

6!72 

.568 
5.064 
3.86 


4.773.5 

791 

350 
1,585 
1,335 

410 
2,960 

790 

560 

816.5 

450 


80.071 


Butter 


. 0625 


Milk 


.03 


Beans 


.07 


Beef 


.09 


Pork 


.01 


Bacon 


.06 


Pota toes . ; 


.05 




.035 


IIoniin\' 


. 0225 




.0125 


Cotl'ce 


.06 






Total 


11 5-8 


17.043 


16.237 


58.673 


14,830 


§0.5635 



"WoRKINGMAn's ^fuDKL IlllME. 

No. II. 

Breakfast. — Salt pork fried in bat I or; l)iTail; whole mill;. 
Dinner. — Stewed muttou with rice; boiled potatoes; pea soup; bread. 
Supper. — Corn meal griddle cakes; minced beef with gravy. 

A/udj/sis. 



415 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hyilnites. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Pi-ice. 


Flour 


8 1-2 
1 1-3 

1-2 

1-3 
3 

1-6 
1 
1 

1-3 
1 

1-9 
1 


G.OOO 
2 . 8,SG 

.593 
1.84 

.64 

2.6.56 
.496 
.248 
.48 
.243 

3.24 


1.03 
1.G22 
.032 
.16 

.518 
..592 
. 056 
12.48 

.207 
1.12 


35,19 

'ii'.-d52 
6.33 
6.73 

"'!763 

.384 

".007 
10.08 


5,7.54 

1,605 
815 
790 
413 
600 

1,890 
175 
83.5 

3,160 
84 

1,650 


.SO. 078 


JIuttou 


.09 


Hice 


.03 


Peas 


.035 




.05 


Suet 


.01 


Beef 


.06 




.04 


Skimmed milk 


.005 


Pork . 


.08 


Eggs 


.015 


Corn meal 


.04 






Total 


13 7-9 


18.330 


30.187 


65.816 


17,017.5 


SO. 533 





No. TIT. 



Breakfast. — Boiled eggs; bread. 



Dinner. — Pieked-up codfish with milk gravy; mashed potatoes; bread; oatmeal 
pudding with hot sauce. 

Supper. — Fried corn meal mush; salt pork with milk gravy. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates, 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Flour 

E,g,gs (6) 

Codlish 


2 

1 4-9 
1-3 
1-3 

2 

2 

3 1-2 

1-3 

1-4 

1-3 

3-5 oz 


3.84 

3.029 

1.28 

.34 
4.48 

.992 
1.13 
1.308 

']6lJ5 


.48 
2.. 587 

.033 
6.35 
2.34 

.324 

".ke 
"sig 


r3.88 
.088 

36.356 
.926 
11.76 
5.456 


3,320 

1,096 

1.55 

1,640 

3,300 

350 

1,383 

933 

137 

900 

135 


SO. 05 
.13 
.06 


Pork 


.075 


Corn meal 


.06 


Skimmed milk 


.03 

.07 


Oatmeal 


.03 
.03 


Sugar 

Butter 


.035 
.01 








Total 


13 1-4+ 


16.194 


13.892 


69.086 


13,337 


|i0..54 







416 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

No. lY. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush with milk; bread and butter; coffee with milk and 
sugar. 

Dinner. — Stuffed beef heart; fried potatoes; bread. 

Supper. — Corn meal mush witli molasses; bread with grated cheese. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 

1.16 
1.16 

"2^88 

5.76 

.64 

3.14 

"i.'33 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 


1-2 
3 

1-4 
2 9-10 

1-8 
3 

3 

2 
1-4 
1-3 
1-3 


.48 
1.23 

"'!24 

'":1:!56 

■ ' ' ! 90 

"i'os 
4.44 


5.30 

1.65 

3.96 

24.90 

"6]62 

19.50 

2.48 

.10 


922 

630 

450 

4.880 

■"848 
790 

3,300 
308 
681 

1,205 


10.02 
.06 


Whole milk 


Sugar 


.0125 


Flour 


.075 


Coffee 


.034 


Beef heart 


10 ■ 


Potatoes 


.025 


Corn meal 


.06 


Molasses 


.035 


Cheese 


.05 


Butter 


.0833 






Total 


12 3-5+ 


16.07 


11.93 


64.41 


13,904 


SO. 5448 







No. Y. 

Breakfast. — Baked potatoes; minced beef with gravy; bread; cocoa with milk and 
sugar. 



Dinner. — Liver and bacon; fried potatoes; bread. 
Supper. — Pea soup; bread; sugar syrup. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Caloi'ies. 


Price. 


Potatoes 


4 

1-2 
3 

' ' i-3 

1 

3 

1-2 
1 

1-S-' 


1.28 
1.68 
5.76 

.58 
6.40 

.80 
3.68 


"';44 

.72 

".hi 

1,60 

5.60 

.32 

1.96 


13.24 

34!32' 

'7!92' 
.835 
.80 

■8;32' 


1,580 
1,215 
4,980 

""966 

310 

1,338 

1,480 

1,580 

900 


$0.08 


Beef 


.04 


Flour ... ... 


.075 


Cocoa shells 


.03 
.0355 


Milk . . . 


.03 




.16 


Bacon 


.06 


Peas 


.05 




.01 






Total 


12 5-8 


20.18 


11.25 


65.425 


14,283 


SO. 5505 








3 
a: 



< 

•o 
o 



o 

oi 

X 



Woekingman's Model Home. 

No. YI. 
Breakfast. — Bread; fried bacon; oatmeal witli suiiar svrup. 
Dinner. — Fried cattish with mint sauce; boiled potatoes; broad. 
Supper. — jSToodle soup; toasted bread with cheese. 

Analysis. 



417 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Piice. 


Cattish 


3 1-3 
3 

2 
3-4 

1-2 
1 
1 


7.00 
5.76 

.64 
8.00 

.24 
1.93 
2.12 


.20 

.72 

3.48 

6.40 

1.12 

.96 




'34] 83 

6.63 

.24 

'io.'io 

15.84 


867 
4,980 

790 
1,533 
1,480 
1,845 
1,800 


SO. 175 


Flour 


.075 


Potatoes 


.025 


Cheese 


.1135 


Baeou 


.06 


Oatmeal 


.04 


Sag.ir 


.05 


Noodle soup 


.01 


Total 


118-4 


20.68 


13.88 


67.42 


13,295 


$0.5475 



No. VII. 

Breakfast. — Cracked wheat; whole milk; pea pudding. 
Dinner. — Corned beef; cabbage; boiled potatoes; bread. 
Supper. — Corn meal mush; bread; sugar syrup. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. . 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Cracked wheat 


1-4 

2 

1-3 
2 

3 . 

2 

3 

1-2 
3 


.56 
1.16 

1.84 

8.84 

.912 

.64 

3.84 

"3!i4' 


.28 
1.34 

.16 
9.34 

.096 

'!48' 

'i.'so' 


3.53 
1.66 
6.32 

'3!946 
6.72 

22.88 
7.92 

22.40 


412 

620 

790 
2,924 

510 

412 
3,820 

900 
3,300 


80.0125 


Whole milk 


.00 


Peas 


.03 


Corned beef 


.20 


Cabbat^e 


.10 




.025 


Flour 


.05 


Sugar 

Coru meal 


.025 
.06 


Total 


14 1-4 


15.982 


13.796 


73.866 


18,188 


SO. 5525 







53 



418 New Yokk at the World's Columbian ExposiTioif. 

No. YIII. 

Breakfast. — Buckwheat cakes; fried salt pork with brown gravy. 
Dinner. — Irish stew; bread; farina mush with sugar. 
Supper. — Broiled herring ; dry toast with butter. 

Anali/sis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Herring 


1 
2 

1-4 
3 
11-2 

1-2 
2 

1-4 
1-3 
1-8 


3.36 

3.84 

'"5!44 

.48 

.34 

3.04 

'"■;83 


1.36 

.48 

3.33 

1.92 

"6]25 

.64 


"23! 88 
"'4!97 

'hh'.k 

3.96 
6.07 


745 
3,330 

904 
3,450 

593 
1,580 
3,340 

450 

802 


fO.lO 
.05 


Flour 


Butter 


.06 


Mutton 


.13 




.03 


Pork 


.05 


Buckwheat 

Su2;ar 


.10 

.0135 


Farina . 


035 




.01 






Total 


10 1-8 


17.23 


13.98 


61.18 


14,083 


§0.5575 







No. IX. 

Breakfast. — Fried bacon: fried potatoes; bread; coffee with milk and sugar. 
Dinner. — Beef soup with macaroni; boiled beef with mustard sauce; bread. 
Supper. — Baked beans; milk toast. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
liydi-ates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Macaroni 


1-4 
2 

1 1-3 
3 
1 

1-16 
1-3 
2 

1-4 
1-3 
1-8 


.86 

6.73 

5.53 

5.76 

.496 

.01 

.34 

.64 

"!39" 


.02 

1.76 

. .48 

.73 

.113 

.86 

6.40 

"!3l' 


3.06 

'34]32 

13.84 
.76 

3.96 
.46 


413 

4,860 

4,980 

2,377 

175 

225 

1,480 

790 

450 

155 


10.03 


Beef 


.16 


Beans .... 


.079 


Flcui 


.075 




.015 


Butter 


.015 




.06 


Potatoes . , 


.025 


Stio-ar . . 


.013 


Whole miik 


.015 


Coffee 


.034 






Total 


11 3n6 


20.036 


10.663 


63.13 


15,904 


$0,530 



Workingman's Model Home. 419 

No. X. 

Breakfast. — Dry toast and butter : baked potatoes. 
Dinner. — Pea soup ; bread; beef roll ; mashed potatoes. 
Supper. — Boiled rice fried ; sugar syrup. 

Analysis. 



AETICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Rice 


1 

3-4 
1 1-2 

1-4 

1-4 
1 
4 

1-4 
1-8 


1.28 

"5!64 

.58 

.06 

3.68 

1.28 

3.84 

.04 


.16 

"i;32 

1..50 

1.60 

.32 

'"'[48 
3.46 

1.78 


12 24 
11.55 

"8!33 
13.34 

23.88 


1,630 
1,350 
3,645 

487 

98 

1.580 

1,480 

3,320 

904 

450 


$0.08 
.0375 




Beef 


.12 


Sausage 


.03 


Pork 


.0125 


Peas 


.05 


Potatoes 


.05 


Flour 


.05 


Butter 


.06 


Suet 


.01 






Total 


111-8 


15.80 


10.62 


68.23 


14,944 


$0.50 







No. XI. 
Breakfast. — Fried corn meal mush ; fried potatoes ; sugar sjTup. 
Dinner. — Potato soup ; baked liver ; boiled rice with cheese. 
Supper. — Scalloped beef with hominy ; biscuits ; stewed prunes. 

ATialysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
liydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Corn meal 


1 

1-3 
3-4 

4 1-3 

11-3 
3-4 
1-4 

11-2 
1-3 
1-3 

1 


1.57 

"i!60 
4.80 

.96 
1.00 
4.08 

.79 

"i!92 


.60 

7.84 

"".96 

.12 

1.16 

1.44 
.30 

"';34 


9.75 

'i6!.58 
10.75 

"g^is 

".5!66 

5.73 

11.44 


1,650 
1,800 
1,350 
1,777 

669 
1,221 

511 
3,645 

816 

665 
1,660 


SO. 03 


Beef suet 


.04 


Su""ar 


.0375 




.055 


Liver 


.10 


Rice 


.06 


Cheese . . - 

Beef 


.04 
.09 




.02 


Dried prunes 


.04 


Flour 


.025 






Total - 


13 3-4 


16.72 


13.66 


63.03 


15,764 


$0.5375 







420 New York at the "\V"orl»\s Columbian Exposition. 



No. XII. 
Breakfast. — Codflsli balls ; corn im.-;il luusli ; sugar sj'nip. 

Dinner. — Bean soup with bud' ; bread ; frozen pudding. 

Supper. — Potato salad; bread. 

Analj/sis. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteitls. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hytli-ates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Codfish 


1-3 
5 
1 

3-4 

1 
5-8 
1-3 

2 

2 


1.28 
1.60 
1.57 

"h'.m 

.30 

.35 

3.83 

1.16 

"■d.28 


.03 
' ' !45 

'"'.'33 

8.00 
.31 
.48 

1.24 

' ' ' ;43 


16 [57 
9.75 

11.88 
8.56 

'33;88 
1.66 


155 
1,975 
1,650 
1,350 
1,585 
1,975 
84 
3,330 

630 


SO. 06 


Potatoes 


.0635 


Corn meal 

Sui^'ur 


.03 
.0375 


Beans 


.053 




.075 


Eggs 


.015 
.05 


AVhtJle milk 


.06 


Ice and salt 


.07 


Onion and vinegar 

Beef 


' " ' i-3 


.01 
.04 






Total 


13 7-8 


16.94 


11.15 


71.30 


13,939 


SO. 563 







No. XIII. 

Breakfast. — Flour pancakes; minced beef, with gravy. 
Dinner. — Sausage with corn meal cakes; fried potatoes; bread. 
Supper. — Bread and butter; bananas cut up with sugar; cocoa. 

Anali/sis. 



ARTICLE, 


Pounds. 


Pi-oteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Cnrbo- 
liydrates. 
dunces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Butter 


1-4 
3 

1-4 
1 
1 


1-8 
1 1-3 
1 
1 
2^- 


"'5;76 

"".hs 

00 
l!o6 

".5; 04 

3.33 

1.57 

.64 


3.33 

.73 

'"[(ii 

.33 

.24 

1.96 

1.32 

6.00 

.45 


34! 33 

3.96 

.83 

4.76 

1.65 

'9!75 
6.63 




903 

4,980 

450 

310 

643 

350 

450 

3,645 

1,851 

1,650 

790 


10.06 
.075 


Flo\u- 


Sugar 


.0135 




.03 


liannnas 


.06 


Skimmed milk 


.03 


Suet 


.01 


Beef 


.09 


Sausage 


.12 




,03 


Potatoes 


.025 


Cocoa shells 


.03, 








Total 


13 1-8 


17.19 


14.85 


61.88 


16,033 


$0.5635 











ftr*"^ 




'J 
/^ 

Q 
_1 

CO 

H 
< 

< 






-litCJ^ 




Woekingman's Model Home. 

]S^o. XIV. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush; whole milk; fried potatoes. 

Dinner. — Baked salt pork and beans; boiled rice with sugar; bread. 

Supper. — Toast and butter; salad of lettuce and cold beans. 

Analysis. 



421 



^URTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Flour 


1 1-2 
1-5 
1-2 

2 

1 1-3 

3 

3 
3-4 
1-4 
1-2 


2.88 

7.36 

3.48 

1.74 

.64 

.96 


.36 

2.6G 

"Vu 

1.44 
1.85 

" ".'i3 

"G^io 


17.16 

'".'26 
17.10 
15.60 
2.48 
6.62 
9.18 
3.85 


3,490 

733 

35 

3,17(1 

3,767 
93U 
790 

1.331 
450 

1,580 


SO 0375 


Butter 


048 


Lettuce 


.05 


Beans 


10 


Oatmeal 


00 


Whole milk 

Potatoes 


.09 
035 


Rice 


06 


Susar 


.0125 


Salt pork 


06 






Total 


12 1-5 


17.40 


13.47 


73.19 


14,155 


SO. 543 





Duriiii;- the nioiitli of July the experiment \va.s made of puttiiifjtliese 
hills of fare to a practical test in the Workingman'.s Model Jlnme. 
P'or this purpose a family was secured to live in the house and repre- 
sent our theoretical family. A Cohimhian guard, lodging in the 
nearest l)arracks, was very glad to come to the house for his meals. 
A widow who had been secured as an assistant in the care of the 
house brouglit her three cliildren and li\'ed there night and day tliroiigh 
the month. The object of the experiment was explained to the man 
and woman, and as they were intelligent people they readily assented 
to the projxised conditions. They promised to eat only what was fur- 
nished them in tlie home. 

They al.so agreed that if they found the food insufficient to satisfy 
appetite or to maintain strength they would frankly say so. The cliil- 
dren were constantly under the eye of their mother and of the experi- 
menter and could be trusted to say so if they were hungry. On the 
day on which the experiment began Dr. J. S. Mitchell, one of C'hicago's 
eminent physicians, came to the house and gave the family a thorongh 
physical examination, with the following results : 

"Eecord taken liy J. S. Mitchell, M. D., 29.54 Prairie avenue, 
Chicago, July 2, 1S9'3. 

'• Man, American — atre, 2S years; height, fi ft. 1 in. in .stockings; 
girth, 34 iu.; weight, i.SO lbs; pulse, SO (warm day, been walking 
fastj ; well nourished, florid; conies of family of good eaters ; occupa- 
tion, Oolumbiau guard. 

"Woman, Iri.sh — age, •'>4 years; weight, lOO ll)s. ; girth, 2.")i in.; 
florid, but looks a little haggard and overworked ; occupation, house- 
work, cleaning, washing, etc. 



422 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

"Boy, Irish parentage, American born — age, 8 years.; weight, 54 
lbs. ; girth, 25 in. ; florid, robust. 

" Girl, Irish parentage, American born — age, 6 years ; weight 40-^ 
lbs. ; girth, 21f in. ; florid, robust. 

"Boy, Irish parentage, American born — age, 5 years; weight, 41-|- 
lbs. ; girth, 24J in. ; llorid, robust. 

" All would well represent a typical healthy fanulJ^ 

" (Signed) J. S. MITCHELL, M. D." 

The food was purchased each day at the ordinary retail prices at the 
small groceries and markets in the vicinity of Jackson Park. Prices 
averaged about tlie same for staple articles as in Brooklyn during the 
spring. Meats were possil)ly a little clieaper for the same quality ; 
that is, a better cut of beef could be liad for eight cents in Chicago tlian 
in Brooklyn. Fresh fruit with tiie exception of bananas was dearer. 

Chicago prices are shown in the following list : 

Market Prices, Chicago, July, 1893. 

Food Pdrchased at Retail. 

Price per 
Article. How purcliased. pound. 

Beef (shoulder) By the pound, 6 cents to 8 cents .....usual $0.08 

Corned beef By the pound 10 

Bried beef By the pound 18 

Beef heart Each, 10 cents to 12 cents about .056 

Liver (cow's) By the pound 05 

Veal Bj' the pound 18 

Mutton By the pound, 5 cents to 14 cents usual .06 

Bacon By the pound 16 

Salt pork Bj^ the pound 10 

Ham By the pound 20 

Codfish (salt) By the pound 12 

Herring (dried) By the pound 08 

Butter By the pound 24 

Whole milk By the quart, 6 cents 028 

Skimmed milk By the quart, 4 cents 018 

Effgs By the dozen, 15 cents 116 

Cheese B3' the pound 13 

Flour By the sack, 50 lbs. for |1.17 0234 

Oatmeal By the pound 035 

Rice By the pound 075 

Hominy By the pound 03 

Corn meal By the pound 025 

Cracked wheat By the pound 05 

Corn starch By the pound 08 

Potatoes (new) By the half biishel, 30 lbs. for 50 cents 016 

Cabbage Bj' the head, 8 to 10 cents about .04 

Lettuce By the head, 5 cents about .036 

Dried peas By the pound 035 

Dried beans By the pound 055 

Onions Bj^ the bunch, 5 cents about .072 

Beets Bj' the bunch, 5 cents about .051 

String beans By the quart. 5 cents about .051 

Bananas By the dozen, 10 cents 046 

Dried apples By the povmd 12 

Apples Jiy the quart 04 

Dried prunes By the pound 12 

Peaches By the quart, 10 cents 16 

Raisins By the pound 12 

Sugar By the pound, 10 lbs. for 55 cents 055 



"Woekingman's Model Home. 423 

Syrup By the quart, 16 1-2 cents S0.059 

Jlacaroni By the pound 09 

Coffee By the pound. 3 1-4 lbs. for §1 307 

Tea By the pound 50 



As niiglif have beeu expected it was found necessary to modify the 
prepared bills oi fare from day to da}'. Sometimes it was impossible 
to get or to prepare certaiu articles set down. It was found on trial 
tliat 'certain meml:)ers of the family could not eat certain things ; e. g., 
the woman disliked cheese and the man would not eat salt pork. The 
cliildren cared for nothing at breakfast but oatmeal and milk, atnd with 
bread and butter added the man and woman were satisfied. All had 
been accustomed to butter, and it -was found necessary to use more than 
was reckoned on, 

No attempt was made to limit the food in quantity. An excess over 
that estimated was always prepared and the family allowed to satisfy 
their appetites with the object of seeing how nearly the two amounts 
agreed. Yery often, as would hapjjen in any family, food was left 
over from one meal which could be utilized at another, and as no waste 
was allowable this sometimes upset the planned bill of fare. 

As the experimenter wished to know the exact quantities consumed 
daily, a method of weighing different from that usually adopted in 
food experiments was used. It involved much more work and was 
probably less accurate in its final results. 

Instead of weigliing all food in the house at the beginning of the 
experiment, all that purchased during the experiment and deducting 
that which was left at tlie end, including tiie waste, the raw material 
used in preparing each meal was weighed at the time of using, as was 
also the cooked food to get the gain or loss in weight through cooking. 
All food left on the table, as well as the refuse on the plates and in 
preparation, was then weiglied, and from these figures the amounts 
actually consumed were estimated. Had the sum total of food actually 
consumed during the month of experiment been verified by the employ- 
ment of the former method tlie work would have been of more value. 
But it was dilficult to do it for the reason that it was necessary for the 
experimenter and her assistant to live in tlie house, and lack of time 
to prepare entirely different food necessitated the weighing system 
employed in order to get at just what the family consumed and the 
exact cost of their jDortion. 

Tlie work would also have been of greater value had it been possi- 
ble to have had chemical analyses made from day to day of tlie food 
actually used, instead of estimating these values from the tables. 
Flour, cereals, milk, butter and vegetables are fairly constant in their 
analyses ; the greatest variations would be in the meats, the same cuts 
from different animals often varying quite largely. 

The waste of food during the month was very small. Great care 
was taken in the selection of meats to buy those pieces which had as 
small a proportion of bone as possible and no superfluous fat. Every 
scrap of meat left over was utilized. Bones, any uneaten fat, etc., were 
put into a stock pot and allowed to simmer for hours in the Aladdin 
oven, to form a basis for the bean or jjea or cabbage soup. There was 



424 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

absolutely no waste at all of sncli things as milk, bread, butter, sugar, 
etc. If tlie children took a piece of bread and butter more than tliey 
could eat, it was set aside for tJie bite they sometimes insisted upon 
between meals. The waste consisted almost entirely of the bones of 
meat and of potato parings. During the month, out of the 412.35 
pounds of food purchased, only eleven ponnds were wasted. 

As before stated, the cooking was done almost entirely with Mr. 
Atkinson's Aladdin oven. Potatoes were boiled on the small gas stove 
used for heatiaig water. Griddle cakes, fried bacon and corn meal musli 
were also cooked on the gas stove. Everything else, baking and cook- 
ing of meats and vegetables, was done in the oven. By the use of the 
Aladdin oven there was, of course, an advantage gained over the 
methods which would be used b}' the poor laborer's wife. The cheap 
cuts of meat purchased were made extremely palatable by the long, 
slow cooking. Much time was saved, as no close watching was neces- 
sary and all heating of the kitchen was avoided. 

The bills of fare which follow are tliose used through the twenty- 
eight days of experiment from Jul}' second to July thirty-tirst. They 
give the amount and analysis of the food actually consumed. 

The family, according to Carrol "Wright's method, represented the 
consuming power of three and forty-hve-one-hundredths men. Man 
equals 100 units; woman equals 90 units; boy of S equals T5 units; 
girl of 6 equals 40 units ; boy of 5 equals 40 units ; total, 34.5 units. 

In bills of fare Hos. YI, XIY, XY and XYI, the apples used for 
sauce Avere sent to the house by gentlemen connected with the New 
York State horticultural exhibit, and were those somewhat specked and 
so replaced by others. In bill of fare No. IX the peaches \veve bought 
on a Saturday afternoon when they were selling cheap. The quantity, 
one quart, gave each member of the family one sauce dish full and 
served as a relish to the bread and butter. In bills of fare Xos. XII, 
XIII, XIY and XA', the luncli was carried bj' man to be eaten in 
place of breakfast, as he was obliged to be on duty at that time. In 
Nos. XYI, XX, XXIII and XXYII, the weight of the bananas used is 
given ivithout skins. 

On one occasion the man confessed to eating several cookies and 
drinking a glass of milk offered him while making a social call when 
oU duty. On another day a comrade treated him to a plate of ice 
cream. This, he insisted, was the extent to which he broke his contract 
to eat nothing but what was furnislied him at the house. The children 
were given candy several times by benevolent visitors, who thought 
them abused because the}- were deprived of sweet things for a whole 
month. Usually, however, they were discovered in time and coaxed to 
give it up. The man and children drank neither tea nor coffee during 
the month. The woman had always been accustomed to coffee and 
was unwilling to give it up. She drank it for breakfast. The milk 
and sugar used in it enter into the analyses. It is believed that the 
summary showing the food consumed during the month represents 
with fair accuracy that which was actually eaten. 

The comparison made at the end of the summary, where the average 
per month per day is given, shows that the amount of proteids con- 




1, !? 



(J 
z 



3 
a: 



< 

1- 
_1 

U 
ai 
'O 
< 




I: ^^Mnl^^n 



"Woekingman's Model n<i5iE. 425 

Slimed is very slisjhtly in excess of both the American and Germa7i 
standards. The carbohydrates are considerably in excess of the Amer- 
ican standard, "while the fats fall below. This may lie because the 
experiment was conducted through the hot weather of July. Though 
the fats fall somewhat below the American standard they are largely 
in excess of the German. The calories, or heat and mechanical energy 
values of the food consumed, are up to the standard. 

The health of the family throughout the month was good. The 
physician looked in upon tliem occasionally, from interest in the exper- 
iment, but there was no need of liis professional services. The man 
and woman both declared themselves perfectly content with the quan- 
tity and quality of the food they had been given, the man adding 
that he would be willing to live on such a diet indefinitely, provided he 
might have a little more fresh fruit in the hot weather. 

Tlie physician's examination at the end of the experiment showed 
that the family were in as good health at the end as at the beginning 
of the month. Unfortunatelv, the examination, including the re-weiffh- 
ing, could not take place at tlie same hour of the day as the original 
weighing. The latter took place on July second at one p. m. innnc- 
diately after a hearty dinner. The former was unavoidably delayed 
until six p. ii. of July thirty-first, nearly six liours having elapsed since 
a meal. The same clothing was worn on both occasions. The second 
weighing gave the result : Man, 1S.5-J pounds ; woman, 99^ pounds ; 
l)oy of eight, 53f j)ounds ; girl of six, 40f pounds ; bo}' of live, 40|- 
pounds. 

The man showed a considerable gain. If the woman had lost more 
than the record shows it would n<jt have l)een remarkable considering 
the circumstances under which she worked during tlie month. All the 
housework for a family of live persons, cooking, washing and ironing, 
etc., was necessarily carried on in the presence of from 500 to 2,000 
persons daily. This was a strain to which she was unaccustomed, and 
it speaks well for the diet that she did not loose more. The children 
held their own, though the experimenter was disappointed that there 
was no perceptible gain, since they were broken during the month of 
their bad habits of eating. Though previously well fed, they had been 
accustomed to eating between meals when they felt hungry, and had 
been given injudicious quantities of cake and candy. It is likely 
that another month of simple diet and regular hours Avould have 
resulted in a visilde gain. 

The average cost per day of the food was iifty-four cents, one cent 
less than was estimated. In the bills of fare fractions of a cent are 
given." This is perfectly fair as will be seen if one takes for example 
the case of sugar. Xone was wasted, and if only two or three ounces 
were used each day it is obviously projjer to use the fraction of the 
cost per pound. 

Under, other conditions it would have been possible to do more scien- 
tific work in such an experiment. At the same time it must be remem- 
bered that the very conditions that hampered in one way were those 
necessary for the success of the experiment in another, as the chief 

bi 



•i20 



New Yoek at tuk Woeld's Coi-dmisian Exposition. 



object of the exhibit was not primarily scientific nor to show the one 
right way of doing any one thing, but to call the attention of the 
people to the importance of the cjuestions involved. The very failures 
of the exhibit M'ill perhaps be more stimulating than its successes, since 
they will open tlie door to criticism and discussion. 

The food experiment certainly accomplished one result. Hundreds 
of people from all over the United States found out that it is not 
necessary to spend over iifty-four cents per day to feed a family of live 
and to keep them in good health. The less we spend for food the 
more we can spend for those things which can minister to the higher 
ueeds of ourselves and others. There is no question but what more 
and better can be done on fifty-four cents per day than was done in 
this experiment. It remains for those interested to show just Iwio 
and what. 



Bills of Fare used during July, 1S93. 

No. I. 

BreakfaKt. — Milk toast; bnked beans; coffco with millv and sugar. 

Dinn-ei: — Brown fricassee of beef; iiotatoos stewed with milk; bread; hominy 
with sugar syrup. 

Supper. — Corn meal griddle cakes; mineed beef with gravy. 

Analym of food actually consumed. 





Qb 


ANTITY. 


Protfids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
liydratPs. 
Ounces. 


Calories, 


Price. 


articlk. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Beans 

Potatoes 

Flour 


'3 
1 
.1 

2 

"3 

1 


8.66 

14 ' " 
4,75 
1.35 
8,50 
4 
8 
3,75 

14 


3.00 

.673 
3.30 
1.349 
.013 
.035 
7.03 
1.13 
.033 
1.436 
1.472 


.017 

.033 

.330 

1.359 

1.063 

' 5!6i6 

.56 

3.105 

.333 

.608 


5.136 
5.738 
32.47 
1.764 
.006 
8.319 

"5'. 64" 
11.396 


872 

750 
3,083,5 

709,9 

381.9 

954 
3,395 

835 

807.3 

503.1 
1,645 


SO. 037 
.038 
.048 


AVholerailk 

Butter 

Sugar 

Beef 


.07 
.015 
.026 
.16 


Hominy 

Salt jiork 

Skimmed milk . . 
Corn meal 


.015 
.03 
.05 
.025 


Total 


14 


3.91 


18.839 


13.011 


61.857 

■ 


13,735.7 


$0,504 



Woekingman's Model Home. 427 

No. II. 

Breakfii.l1. — Cracked wheat; milk: lircad and butter; French fried jiotatoes. 

Dinner. — Fried liver and bacdu; boiled imtatoes; bread and bulter; b.nked beans 
(cold from previous day). 

Stipjiir. — Pea sotqi; bread and butler; syrup (for cliildren on liread); tea. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


QUANriTY. 


Proteids. 
' uncfs. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Cai'bo- 

hydrates. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Cracked wheat . . 




10 


1.164 


.136 


7.100 


993.786 


SO. 0375 


Potatoes 


3 

2 


6 

1 


1.134 
3.63 


.054 
.363 


9.666 

34.717 


1.269.575 
3,390.630 


. 063 


Flour 


.045 


Butter 




3.35 


.0235 


1.9125 


.0112 


508.157 


.033 


Sugar 




5.50 






5.379 


635.338 


.035 


W. milk 


2 


1 


1.404 


1 . 56 


3.886 


909.949 


.085 


Liver 




13 


3.613 


.702 


.455 


541.694 


.06 


Bacon 




8 


.800 


5. GOO 




1,569.456 


.06 


Beans 




5 


1.155 


.10 


3.960 


3,114.857 


.017 


Peas 




8 


3.136 


.136 


4.512 


808.587 


.017 


Syruji 




3.25 






3.340 


271.989 


.013 


Total 


11 





14.0585 


10,5535 


60.0363 


14,003.898 


$0.4545 



Breakfast. — Hominy willi mil 



No. III. 
bread and butler ; fried bacon. 



Dinner. — Stewed mutton witli gravy ; mashed potatoes ; bread ; l)oiled rice with 
milk and sugar. 

Supper. — Dry toaSt and butter ; cold pressed meat (made from meal left from din- 
ner) ; rice with, milk and sugar (left from dinner). 

A null/sis. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo. 
hytli-ates. 
Ounces. 


Oalorirs. 






Lbs. 

'i 
3 

3 
1 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Hominy 

Flour...- 


8 

13.4 
1.5 
6.5 

11.25 
6.5 
3 

15 
8 


.760 
3.334 

.015 
1.962 

' ' ' !650 

8.450 

.651 

.593 


. 320 
.3234 
1.375 
3.180 

14.350 
.031 
.033 


5.520 
22.0206 
. 0075 

4.0330 
11.0025 

'5. '.549' 
6.352 


81 4.. 335 
3,020.664 

338.774 
1,271.596 
1,278.817 
1,375.183 
4.765.635 

72H.830 

815.572 


1.015 
.0,53 


Butter 

W. milk 

Sugar 

Bacon 

;\lutl()n 


.033 

.1(17 

.035 

.05 

.16 


Potatoes . . .■ 

Rice 


.038 
.037 


Total 


12 


8.15 


16.314 


33.0614 


54.4846 


14,309.396 


$0,516 



428 ISTew Toek at the World's CoLrMBiAs Exposition. 

]Sro. IV. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush with milk and sugar ; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Corned beef ; cabbage ; boiled potatoes ; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Corn meal mush and milk ; corned beef hasli ; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 





QUjNTITY. 


Proteids. 
Ounces . 


Fats. 
Ounoe.s. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




ARTICLE. 


Lbs. 

8 
1 

2 
1 
3 


Ounces. 


Price. 


W. milk 

Flour 


4.5 

7.2 
2.5 
6 
11 

"<d'.h 

5 
10 


1.89 
2.553 
.025 

i'.eei' 

4.256 
.8715 

1.113 
.930 


3.10 

.3553 
2.125 

"irai' 

8.513 
.1245 
.053 
.380 


3.865 

17.3768 

.0125 

5.868 

7.503 

"3 ".3825 

9.487 
7.060 


1,322.607 

2,383.563 

564.635 

682.066 

1,270.975 

2,738.927 

399.430 

1,246.064 

1,027.744 


$0.0945 
.0338 


Butter 

Sugar 

Oatmeal 

Corned beef 

Cabbage 

Potatoes 

Corn meal 


.0375 

.0205 

.0239 

.20 

.10 

.056 

.0156 


Total 


13 


7.7 


13.3885 


14.3307 


53.4538 


11,536.001 


SO. 5818 



NoY. 

Breakfast. — Scrambled eggs; bread and butter; applesauce. 

BinTier. — Codfish with milk gravy; mashed potatoes; bread; oatmeal with milk 
and sugar. 

Supper. — Fried corn meal mush; bread and butter; syrup. 

Analysis. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 


Ounces. 






1 

'i 

3 

1 

'3 

i 


4.7 
5.5 
1.5 
7.35 
13.4 
3 
8 
8 
6 
8 
6.5 


.0414 

"i.mh 

1.7137 
3.134 

.030 
1.176 
1.713 

.906 
1.608 


.0828 

"i!8373 
.3867 
.3134 
3.55 
.056 
.024 
.426 
.912 


3.2913 
5.3790 

'3! 6520 
21.2716 
.015 
10.024 

'3!782' 

16.944 

4.682 


452.481 
625.228 
671.123 
609.020 

2,917.796 
677.550 

3,936.563 
262.271 
595.588 

2,396.845 
544.212 


Given. 


Sugar 

Eggs (10) 

S milk . 


§0.018 
.135 
.060 


Flour 


.041 


Butter 

Potatoes 

Codfish 

Oatmeal 

Corn meal 

Syrup 


.045 

.089 

.06 

.013 

.037 

.034 


Total 


14 


6.85 


11.9176 


6.5873 


68.0509 


13,688.677 


10.513 




H 
m 
X 
X 



< 



3 



WoKKIXliJEAx's; ]\[(1DKI, IIoME. 

Ko A'l. 

Breakfust. — Oatmeal ■n-itli milk aud sugar; bread and butter; apple sauce. 
Dinner. — Irish stew; corn starch pudding with hot sauce. 
Slipper. — Toast; miuced beef with gravy. 

Anah/sis. 



429 



ARTICLE. 


QtJAMTITY. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Cai'bo- 

hydrates. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 


Ounces. 




Apples 


1 
1 

5 
3 
1 

1 


15 

"i'.ia' 
3.5 
10 
.25 

"iis' 

8 
2.5 


.062 
2.416 
4.356 

.035 

'2!487' 
9.36 

.2450 
.504 


.124 
1.136 

.4356 
2.975 

'".'mi 

7.488 
.0525 
.024 


4.929 

10.912 

29.9376 

.0175 

9.780 

3.852 

'i;767.3 
4.296 
2.445 


612.822 

1,848.693 

4,088.173 

790.469 

1,136.778 

883.678 

3,060.099 

247.706 

564.318 

284.194 




Oatmeal 

Flour 

Butter 

Sugar 

S. milk 


80.035 
.0.57 
.052 
.034 
.088 


Beef 


.22 




.05 


Potatoes 

Cora starch 


.038 
.012 


Total 


17 


0.35 


19.4650 


12.7961 


67.9366 


13,516.929 


§0.586 



^o. VII. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush with milk and sugar; bread and butter; fried potatoes. 
Dinner. — Bean soup; fried ham; boiled potatoes; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Bean soup with bread; com meal mush with syrup. 

Analysis. 





Qc 


iNTITY. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




ARTICLE. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 




S. milk 

Oatmeal 


3 


4.5 



1.75 

4 

6.75 

3 

2 

8 


1.627 
3.416 
.0175 

■2;568' 
1.05 
3.006 

1.848 
1.472 


.367 
1.136 

1.4875 

'"!2568 

.05 

7.038 

.160 

.608 


2.520 
10.912 
.0087 

8.912 
17.0772 

8.950 

'4!7.86' 
11.296 


578.787 
1,848.692 

395.100 

454.711 
3,342.587 
1,175.482 
2,203.006 

807.476 
1,644.623 


80.057 
.035 


Butter 

Sugar 

Flour. . 


.026 
.013 
.033 


Potatoes 

Ham 

Beans 

Corn meal 


.08 
.22 
.027 
.025 


Total 


11 


13 


13.9445 


11.0973 


59.4119 


11,450.464 


SO. 516 



430 New York at thk "Worui's Columbian Exposition. 

No. VIII. 

Breakfast. — Pried corn meal mu.sh (left from previous night); oatmeal with milk 
and sugar; bread and butter. 

Dinner. — Stewed beef heart; boiled potatoes; bread and butter; boiled rice with 
milk and sugar. 

Supper. — Hash (meat and potatoes from dinner); bread and butter; stewed primes. 

Analj/sis. 





Qdantity. 


Pi-oteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Trice. 




Lbs. 

Rec 

3 

i 





Ounee.s. 


Corn meal 

Oatmeal 

Butter 

S. milk 


koued on 
10 

3.25 
10.75 

3 

2.8 
13 

7 

13 
8 


previous 
1.51 

.0335 
1.821 

'2!668" 

'7!26 " 
.819 

.888 
.216 


day. 
" .71 
3.7635 
.411 

'".ioiis 
".m 

.039 

.048 
.056 


6.83 

.0162 

2.820 

2.160 

14.0813 

13.714 

'e'osi" 

9.538 
5.728 


1,155.432 
733.367 
648.433 
351.067 

1,931.603 

1,484.061 
■845.328 
916.728 

1,323.359 
705 . 665 


§0.021 
.048 
.064 


s.vi-iip 

Flour 


.011 
.027 


Sugar 

Beef heart 

Potatoes 

Kice 

Dried prunes .... 


.044 

.12 

.063 

.056 

.06 


Total 


13 


7.8 


14.5545 


4.3653 


60.8484 


9,894.942 


§0.513 



No. IX. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Boiled beef; boiled potatoes; lettuce; bread and butter. 
Svpper. — Bread and butter; fried bacon; peaches cut up with sugar. 

Analysis. 





l^CANTITY. 


Proteids 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrate's. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 

S, milk 


1 

4 

o 

3 
2 

1 


"".5 
2.13 
9.5 
o 

'"5'25 

8 
11.5 


2.416 
1.999 
.0213 

'3!746' 
6.2400 
.fe 
.255 
.800 
.034 


1.136 
.451 

1.802 

"■;374 

4.993 

.034 

"5! 600 
.046 


10.913 
3.096 
.0106 
9.301 

25.466 

'close' 

.510 
'i;828' 


1,848.692 

711.135 

478.803 

1,079.823 

3,493.366 

3.040.944 

875.158 

88.919 

1,569.450 

338.495 


$0,085 

.070 


Butter 

Sugar 

Flour 


.031 
.032 
.049 


Beef 


.14 


Potatoes 

Lettuce 


.033 
.05 


Bacon 

Peaches 


.06 
.10 


Total 


14 


6.87 


16.1773 


14.485 


57.3096 


12,414.781 


§0.599 



Wokkingman'.s Modki^ Home. 

No. X. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and stigar; bread and butter; coffee. 
Dinner. — Stewed mutton with onions; l)oiled jiotatoes; bread and butter. 
Slipper — Hash (meat left from dinner); milk toast. 

Analysin. 



431 



ARTICLE. 


QUAXTITY. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 

liyilrates. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 

'i 
"4 

2 
3 
3 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Coffee 


3.25 
3' 

9.25 
13.5 
9.5 

11 


'k'.'iih' 

.0225 
2.077 

4.. 5375 

6.825 

1.2075 

.154 


ilise' 

1.9125 
.469 

"! 4.537 

7.098 
. 0575 
.033 


16.913' 
.0113 
3.316 
6.846 

30.8963 

i6!3935 
1.111 




SO. 05 


Oatmeal 

Butter 

S. milk 


1,848.692 

508.026 

736.513 

795 047 

4,237.553 

3,664.673 

1,351.863 

113.636 


.035 
.033 
.073 


Sugar 

Flour. 


.024 
060 


Mutton 

Potatoes 

Onions 


.15 

.057 

.05 


Total 


15 


7.5 


17.3395 


11.1597 


63.3849 


12,255.993 


10.582 



NO. XL 

Breakfast.- — Bread and butter ; oatmeal with milk and sugar. 

Dinner. — Scalloped beef with rice ; macaroni ; boiled potatoes ; bread and butter. 

Supper. — Croquettes (meat and rice left from dinner, one egg added) ; potatoes 
stewed ^\ith milk ; stewed prunes ; bread and butter. 

Anuli/sis. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 

hydi'ates. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 




ARTICLE. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 




S. milk 

Flour 


4 
3 

■3 
'2 


1 

9.6 
13 
4 
9.35 

"6 " 

4 
13.5 

3.2 

8 


3.015 

4.576 

1.963 

.04 

"6.'24(') 
.510 
.396 
934 
.476 
.316 


.4.55 
. 457 
.923 
3.40 

"4.992 
.018 
.016 
.044 
.336 
.0.56 


3.120 

81.1.58 

8.866 

.020 

9.046 

4.56' 
3.176 
7.965 

6.66 


715.623 
4,371.722 
1,502.178 

903.401 
1,051.461 
2,040.944 

587.083 

407.. 5.54 

1,046.073 

81.413 

736.. 584 


80.071 
.060 


Oatmeal 

Butter 

Sugar 

Beef 


.028 
.06 
.031 
.14 


Slacaroni 

Rice 


.033 
.018 
.044 


Egg 

D. prunes 


.023 
.06 


Total' 


14 


6.55 


17.266 


10.697 


73.851 


13,344.036 


$0,568 



432 New York at thj: World's Columbian Exposition. 



No. XII. 

Breakfast (woman and three children). — Bread and butter; oatmeal with milk and 
sugar. 

Lunch (carried b3' man to work). — Bread and butter; cold veal (cutlets); stewed 
prunes (left from supper). 

Dinner. — Picked-up codfish with milk gravy; boiled potatoes; bread and butter; 
rice jjudding. 

Supper. — Fried corn meal mush with sj-rup; bread and butter. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 




Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Oatmeal 

Floiu- 


j 
'' '{ 

■1 -.l 


10 
14.6 

3.75 
10.5 

9.25 

8 

7 

1 

3.5 
15 

5.5 


1.51 
3.366 
.037 
3.309 

"i.'464 

1.106 

.693 

.185 

1.380 


.71 

.336 

3.187 

.531 

"■;446 

.028 
.033 
.010 
.570 


6.83 

32.919 

.018 

3.576 

9.046 

"5.m 

1.985 

10.590 

3.960 


1,155.433 

3,143.341 
847.453 
819.183 

1,051.461 
285.711 
135.340 
788.351 
378.595 

1,541.616 
460.290 


$0,031 
.044 


Butter 

S. milk 


.056 
.081 


Sugar 

Veal cutlets . . . 

Codfish 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Corn meal .... 
Syrup 


'. '3 


.031 

.09 

.052 

.033 

.011 

.023 

.030 


Total . . . . 


. 12 


7.10 


13.050 


5.835 


64,321 


10, 506.. 572 


SO. 462 



No. XIII. 

Breakfant (woman and three children). — Bread and butter; oatmeal with milk and 
sugar. 

Lunch (carried by man to work). — Bread and butter; cold veal (cutlets); cheese. 

Dinner. — Corned beef ; cabbage; boiled potatoes; bread. 

Supper. — Stewed potatoes; milk toast. 

Analysis. 







Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 


Ounces. 




S. milk 


4 

i 

'i 
3 

1 

14 


5 

5.75 
12.4 

7.5 

2 

6.5 

2.5 

5 
13.5 

9 

4.15 


3.139 

"3! 134 
1.133 

.03 
1.189 

.67J- 
3.793 
1.370 

.525 


.483 

"".sn 

..533 

1.70 
.357 
.887 

5.586 
.060 
.075 


3.312 
5.623 

21.271 

5.115 

.010 

"']665 

i6!829 
1.375 


760.035 

653.240 

2,918.394 

866.384 

451.700 

147.547 

319.500 

1,795.490 

1,422.263 

340.630 


§0.075 


Sugar 

Flour 




.019 
.041 


Oatmeal .... 

Butter 

V<;al cutlet. . 

Cheese 

Corned beef. 

Potatoes 

Cabbage . . 




.016 

.03 

.08 

.018 

.131 

.060 

.08 






Total . . 




12.869 


9.993 


47.540 


9,575.173 


$0,550 



Woekixgsian's Model Home, 
Xo. XIV. 



433 



Breal-fagt Cwoman and three children). — Oatmetil ivitli milk and sugar; bread and 
butter 

Lunek (carried by man to work), — Corned beef sandwiches; cheese; apple sauce. 

Dinner — Boiled beef with gravy; boiled potatoes; corn starch pudding with hot 
sauce. 

Shipper. — Corned beef hash; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


QuAXTrrr. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Flour 


1 

i 

1 ;; 

4 

2 
4 


8.8 
3.25 
5 

3.5 
14.5 
9.0 
9.5 
8 

2.5 
1 
1.5 


2.728 
.032 

2.793 
.677 
.029 

2.278 

'{.'208 

" 6.435 
1.375 


.273 
2.762 
5.586 

.887 
.058 
.514 

'"'!568 

"5.148 
.065 


18.575 
.016 

';6o5 

2.305 
3.528 
9.291 
5.456 
2.445 

"ii!724 


2,547.519 
733.267 

1,795.490 

319.500 

42.375 

809.681 

1,079.823 
921.771 
284.194 

2,105.213 

1,539.815 


10.036 

.048 

.131 

.018 

Given. 

oso 


Butter 

Corned beef 

Cheese 

Apples 

S milk . 


Sugar 

Oatmeal 

Corn starch 

Beef 


.032 
.017 
.012 
.127 


Potatoes 


.065 


Total 


16 


3.05 


17.555 


15.860 


53.345 


12,178.648 


$0,566 



Xo. XV. 

Breakfast (woman and three children). — Oatmeal with milk and sugar: bread 
and butter. 

Lunch (carried by man to w-ork). — Bread and butter; cold beef; apple sauce. 

Dinner. — ilinced beef with gravy; boiled potatoes: bread and butter. 

Supper. — French fried potatoes; bacon; dried beef; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 



AETICLE. 


Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Oiuices. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 


Ounces. 




Flour 


2 

i 
i 

3 


4.8 

4.5 

8.25 
15.5 

8 
13.0 

7.25 
15.75 

7 

4 


4.048 
.045 

4.728 
.031 

1.208 

2.402 

i!338 

.700 

1.152 


.404 
3.825 
3.783 
.062 
.568 
.542 

'!663 

4.900 

.176 


27.563 
.022 

"2;464 

5.4.56 

3.720 

7.090 

11.411 


3.793.204 

1,014.950 

2.011.566 

305.771 

921 . 771 

854.258 

824.105 

1,. 561. 106 

1.373.273 

180.073 


SO. 023 


Butter . . . '. 

Beef 


.067 
.11 


Apples 

Oatme^d 

S milk 


Given. 
.017 
.085 


Sugar 

Potatoes ........ 

Bacon 

Dried beef 


.024 
.063 
.07 
.045 


Total 


15 


8.55 


15.652 


14.323 


57.726 


12,840.077 


$0,504 



434 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

No. XYI. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter- dried beef. 

Dinner. — Salt pork with baked beans; boiled potatoes: bread; boiled rice with 
syrup. 

8ux>per. — Potatoes stewed with milk; applesauce; bread and butter; bananas (6). 

Analysis. 



ATJTTnT.TT,. 


Quantity. 


Proteids. 
ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates, 
ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 


Ounces. 




S. milk. 


3 


13.25 
10.5 
.8 

4.25 
14 

5 

5 

6 
13 

3.5 

4 

2 
15 

2.5 


1.898 

.042 
2.114 

.045 
1.113 

.444 
7.161 

"']648 
.540 
.210 
.720 


.428 

"'!536 
8.612 
.994 
4.140 
.053 
.034 
.260 

"'!6i4 
.210 
.110 


3.940 

10.269 

86.551 

.021 

9.548 

"9." 487 
4.764 
7.696 
2.520 
2.220 
1.432 
4.470 


675.421 

681.243 

5,013.890 

959.116 

1,617.372 

1,096.762 

1.246.064 

610.749 

1,794.640 

- 292.787 

263.853 

282.673 

549.516 

112.691 


$0,067 
.085 




. 3 


Flour 


071 


Butter 

Oatmeal 

Salt pork 

Potatoes 

Rice 

Beans 

Syrup 

Dried apples. . 

Raisins 

Bananas 

Dried beef. . . . 


'. 3 


.063 

.080 

.081 

. 053 

.026 

.044 

.012 

.02 

.015 

.05 

.027 


Total 


. 15 


2.8 


19.703 


10.381 


91.918 


15,096.777 


SO. 544 



No. XVII. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Stewed mutton; boiled potatoes; string beans; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Mutton hash; applesauce; bread and butter. 

Anal!j.iis, 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 




Lbs. 

i 

'2 
1 
3 

2 


Ounces. 


Oatmeal 

Sugar 

Flour 


14 

8.5 
13.6 

3.25 
.5 
15 

4 
2 


3.114 

"3! 256 
.032 

1.007 
.682 

7.20 
T840 
.048 
.540 


.994 

"".325 
2.762 

.227 

.124 

8.448 

.040 

"".014 


9.548 
8.313 
22.170 
.016 
1.560 
3.914 

"7!i60 
2.220 
1.432 


1,617.372 
965.912 

3,040.381 
733.267 
358.202 
451 . 133 

3,062.140 
972.843 
363.853 
333.673 


§0.030 
.039 
.043 


Butter 

S milk 


.048 
.035 


String beans. . . . 


.10 
.34 


Potatoes 

D. apples 

Raisins 


.04 
.02 
.015 


Total 


13 


4.85 


15.719 


12.934 


55.333 


11,697.775 


SO. 600 



"WoRKixcaiAx's jModk'l PIosie. 435 

Xo. XYIII. 
Breakfast. — Oatmeal Avith milk and sugar; bread and butter; coffee. 
Dinner. — Beef stew; raw onions cut up with vinegar; boiled potatoes; bread. 
Supper. — Milk toast; tea with milk and sugar. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Quantity. 


Pi-otei(ls. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 

Flour 

Su gar 

Butter 

S milk 


1 
3 

"4 

3 
2 


7.5 

8.25 

2 

' 4^5 
6 


3.416 
5.368 

"".'633 

2.046 

6.240 

.063 

.798 


1.136 
.536 

"3.' 763 

.462 

4.992 

.013 

.038 


10.912 
36.551 

7.333 
.016 

3.168 

' ' ' '.'45I 

6.802 


1,848.692 

5,013.890 

852.583 

733.267 

727.393 

3,040.944 

63.519 

777.169 


$0,035 
.072 
.034 
.048 
.073 


Beef 


.160 


Onions 

Potatoes 


.013 
.038 
.05 






.01 


Tea 




.05 


Total 








13 


8.05 


16.963 


9.939 


63.238 


12,057.456 


$0,571 



Xo. XIX. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter; coifee. 
Dinner. — Picked-up codfish with milk gravy; mashed pototoes; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Codfish balls; raw onions; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 





QUASTITT. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 

1 
i 
1 

4 

i 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 

Sugar 

Flour 


7.3 
14.6 

4.35 
13.75 

1 
14.3 
13.5 

4 


3.416 

"z.mk 

.043 

1.071 

1.344 

3.291 

.914 

.0.36 


1.136 

'".'336 
3.612 
1.190 
.064 
.058 
.208 
.012 


10.912 
7.335 

22.919 

.021 

1.398 

11.456 

"iiiie 

.404 


1,848.692 
852.583 

3,143.243 
9.59.116 

1.238.894 

1.. 304. 681 

281.470 

325.667 

8.510 


$0,035 
.024 
.044 


Butter 

W. milk 

Potatoes 

Codfish 

S. milk 


.063 
.0,53 
.064 
.108 
.033 


Onions 

Coffee 


.03 
.05 






Total 


12 


9.10 


11.500 


6.616 


55.861 


10,163.856 


$0,528 



•±36 JSTew Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

No. XX. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. 

Dinner. — Fried liver and bacon; boiled potatoes; boiled beets; bread and butter. 

Slipper. — Potatoes stewed with milk; bananas (6) cut up with sugar; dried beef; 
bread and butter. 

Anali/sis. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 

S. milk 


1 
3 

3 



i 
3 


'i4].5 
6.5 
2.8 
6.25 

"5;75 
15 

'ii.h' 

2.5 


3.416 
1.937 

"3!838 
.063 

6.433 
..575 
.390 

1.008 
.303 
.730 


1.136 
.437 

"'!383 
5.313 

1.738 
4.035 

'""!648 
.303 
.110 


10.912 
3.000 
6.357 

26.065 

.031 

1.130 

2!5ii 
8.593 
4.331 


1,848.692 

626.546 

738.906 

3,574.853 

1,410.817 

1,331.060 

1,128.046 

337.081 

1,128.511 

578.903 

113.629 


10.035 
068 


Sugar 

Flour 


.023 
.050 


Butter 

Cow's liver 

Bacon 

Beets 

Potatoes 

Bananas 

Dried beef 


.093 

.10 

.057 

.10 

.048 

.05 

.037 


Total 


16 


3.8 


17.571 


13.381 


62.909 


13,816.043 $0,650 



No. XXI. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Roast mutton; boiled potatoes; raw onions; beets (cold, left over). 
'. — Corn meal mush with milk and sugar; bread and butter; dried beef. 
Analysis. 







Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




ARTICLE. 


Lbs. 

1 

4 
1 
1 
2 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Flour 

Sugar ... 
Butter .... 
S. milk . . . 
Oatmeal . . 
Mutton . . . 
Potatoes . . 

Beets 

Onion 

Corn meal 
Dried beef 




1.45 

5.25 

2.75 

10.25 

'in.h' 

2 
3.35 

3 

14 

3 


1.919 

"';637 

2.301 

2.416 

4.725 

.714 

.038 

.028 

1.288 

' .576 


.191 

.519 
1.136 
4.914 

.034 

"iooe 

..533 
.088 


13.080 

5.134 

.013 

- 3.564 

10.913 

' &.m 

.182 

.202 

9.884 


1,793.883 

596.750 

620.811 

817.973 

1,848.692 

1,843.275 

799.362 

24.409 

62.332 

1,393.494 

90.617 


§0.035 
.016 

.040 
.081 
.035 
.275 
.034 

.021 
.023 


Total . 




12 


9.45 


14.023 


9.747 


49.057 


9,890.488 


10.549 




D 
O 
X 



UJ 
D 
O 

s 

I- 
O 



AVnKKi.\(i:M-\.\"s AI(ii>i;i. Home. 437 

No. x.vir. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal wilh milk and suj;ar; brcail anil butter. 

Dinner. — Cold mutton: boiled jiiilatucs; r.-iw onions; bread and butter; boiled rice 
with milk and sugar. 

Supper. — Pea soup; French tried potatoes; bread and butter. 









Ami 


lysis. 










QuANTrrY 


Pioteids. 
Ounces. 


Pats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


1^-ice. 


ARTICLE. 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 


Oatmeal 

Sugar 

S. milk 

Butter 

Flour 

Jlutton 


3 

'i 
1 

3 


15 
9.75 
5.5 
3.35 
3.6 
3.25 

11 
8 

15 
4 


2.265 

"i]658 

.032 

2.156 

3.887 

.154 

.593 

1.333 

1.608 


1.065 

"'!374 
3.762 
.315 
3.003 
.033 
.033 
.063 
.068 


10.230 
9.535 

3.. 568 

.016 

14.080 

0.352 

11.277 
2.256 


1.733.567 

1,108.300 

589.118 

733.207 

2 012.920 

1,127.674 

155.737 

81.3.107 

1,481.171 

466.695 


SO. 031 
.033 
.0.58 
. 048 
.U28 
.10 


Onions 

Rice 

Potatoes 

Dried peas 


.029 
.037 
.063 
.008 


Total 


12 


14.35 


12.675 


7.615 


58.025 


10,222.556 


§0.435 



No. XXTIT. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar ; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Baked pork and beans ; fried potatoes ; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Bread and butter ; bananas (12) with sugar ; cold veal. 

Analysis. 





Quantity. 


Protelds. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 

li.vdrates. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 






Lbs. 
2 


Ounces. 


Price. 


Oatmeal 

Whole milk 

Sugar 

Flour 


12.5 

13 
9.5 
7.6 
4.5 
5 

3.5 
1.25 
6 
3 

9.5 
5.75 


1.887 
1.044 

4.3.50 
.4.50 
.830 
.745 
.012 

1.386 
.027 
.3.57 

1.170 


.887 
1.160 

"!435 

2.9.50 

.395 

.035 

1.062 

.120 

2.484 

.3.57 

.264 


8.525 

1.363 

9.291 

29.660 

"^'.ku 

.006 
3.5.52 

1.812 


1,442.122 
584.803 

1,079.823 

4,066.424 
830.088 
199.300 
834.496 
281.566 
604.677 
657.003 

1,016.347 
414.930 


$0,027 
.053 
.032 
.056 


Bacon. . . . ". 

Veal 

Potatoes 

Butler 

Dried beans 

Salt pork 

Bananas ... ". . . . 


.045 
.0.55 
.035 
.018 
.020 
.018 
.10 


S. milk 


.041 


Total 


12 


15.1 


12.264 10.149 


68.162 


12,011.578 


$0,499 



438 JSTkw YoiiK at the World's Columbian Exi'dsition. 

No. XXIV. 

Breakfast. — Fried eorii meal mush with syrup ; eold beans ; liread and butter. 
iJinncr. — Boiled beef with potatoes and onions ; bread and butter. 
Stqipei: — Cold beef ; fried potatoes ; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price. 


Lbs. 
1 

3 
1 

i 

4 
3 

15 


Ounces. 


Corn meal 

Sugar 

S3'rup 

Butter 

S. milk 


...... 

4.25 
3.75 
4.75 

14.3 

10 


1.473 

".'637 
1.635 
3.333 
2.310 
.334 
1.344 
9.36 


.608 

"'3!i87 
.369 
.333 

.200 

.048 

.064 

7.488 


11.296 

6.346 

3.060 

.018 

2.533 

22.694 
5.920 
1.616 

11.456 


1,644.623 

795.047 

355.679 

847.453 

581.089 

3,111.440 

1,009.345 

336.537 

1,504.681 

3,060.099 


$0,025 
.024 
.015 
.055 
. 058 


Flour 


.044 


Beats 

Onions 

Potatoes 

Beef 


.034 
.05 
.064 
35 






Total 


13.05 


19.715 


13.297 


64.938 


13,135.983 


$0,619 



No. XXV. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. 

Dinner. — Boiled mutton with rice; mashed potatoes; bread and butter; cornstarch 
pudding with milk and sugar, 

Supper.- — Stewed potatoes; dried apple sauce ; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats, 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
h.ydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 


Ounces. 






1 

6 

1 

'i 
'4 


"3.5 

3 

14.4 
7 
3 

8.5 
4 

■"s" 

4 


3.416 

.035 

3.038 

3.344 

"i!335 

.396 

1.344 

.096 

.108 


1.136 

2.975 

.686 

.334 

"'i!373 
.016 
.064 

"'!028 


10.912 
.017 

4.704 

33.769 

6.846 

1.956 

"3!i76 

11.456 

4.440 

3.864 


1,848.693 
789.099 

1,078.944 

3,131.901 
795.047 
236.658 
503.014 
407.553 

1,504.681 
536.544 
353.600 


$0,035 


Butter 

S. milk 

Flour 


.053 
.107 
.044 


Sugar 

Cornstarch 


.023 

.01 

.16 


Riee 

Potatoes 

Dried apples 

Raisins 


.018 
.064 
.04 
.03 


Total 


16 


5.4 


11.903 


6.611 


69.140 


11,154.733 


$0,583 



"Wokkingman's MonuL IIomk. 

No. XXA'I. 

Breakfast — Oatmeal wllh milk and sugar; bread and butter. 
Ditinei: — Picke(l-\ip endlish with milk; bdiled piitatdes; bread anil butter. 
Supper. — Codiisb balls; bananas (0) with sugar; bread .and butter. 

Analmia. 



439 



ARTIULK. 


Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ouiice.s. 


t^ats. 
Ounces. 


Carbii- 

hjnlrutt'S. 

Ounces. 


Calories. 


Price 


Lbs. 


Ounces. 


S. milk 




i 

1 

3 
1 


8 

1 . t •) 

4 
9.5 

'io.'.5' 

10 
1.25 


3.224 

2.805 
2.416 
1.059 

1.218 
.221 


.728 

"ai-io' 

.280 
1.130 
.042 
. 0.58 
.231 


4.993 

7.579 

.030 

19.099 

10.912 

i6!;'i83 

5.140 


1,144.120 

881.001 

90:i.401 
2,018.309 
1,848. 0!)2 

214.033 
1,303.017 

081.023 


SO. 114 


Sugar 

Butter 

Flour 


.020 
. 00 
.037 




. 030 


Cod tish 

Potatoes 

Bauauas 


.078 
.0.58 
.05 


Total 


15 


3 


11.583 


5.805 


.58.124 


9,0(54.300 


10.458 



No. XXVIT. 

Sreakfa.1t. — Oatmeal witli milk and sugar; bread and butter. 
Diimer. — Corned beef; boiled cabbage; bread and butter. 
Supper. — Stewed potatoes; cabbage soup; bread. 

Analysis. 



ARTICLE. 


Quantity. 


ProteiUs. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates, 
ounces. 


Calories. 




Lbs. 

'4 

'2 
2 
3 
2 


Ounces. 




Oatmeal 

S. milk 


10.75 
8.75 
3 

8.5 
0.9 
4 
5.5 

10 


1.623 

2.2.55 

.030 

"4;379 

4.788 

1.123 

.882 


.763 

. 509 
2.. 55 

'".'427 

9.570 

.150 

.043 


7.331 

3.492 

.015 

8.313 

39.130 

"2!942 

7.518 


1,240.681 
799.016 
077.. 5.50 
!)05.912 
:i.i)91.140 
3,orn 7»\ 
511.402 
987 . 447 


$0,033 
.080 


Butter 

Sugar 

Flour 

Corued beef 

Cabbage 

Potatoes . . .• 


.045 

.029 

.050 

.235 

.10 

.042 


Total 


10 


9.4 


14.980 


14.017 


58.747 


12,254.995 


$0,600 



MO New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

No. XXVIII. 

Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar ; bread and butter. 
Dinner. — Cold corned beef ; boiled potatoes ; string beans ; bread and butter. 
Sapper. — Stewed potatoes ; bread and butter. 

Analysis. 





Quantity. 


Proteids. 
Ounces. 


Fats. 
Ounces. 


Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Ounces. 


Calorie 


Price. 




Lbs. 

'3 

'3 

1 
2 


Ounces. 


Oatmeal 

Flour 


14 
4.6 
3 25 
6.75 
9 

3.5 
6.5 
3.5 
4 


3.114 

4.036 

.033 

1.697 

"!635 

1.144 

.407 

4.788 


.994 

.402 

2.762 

.883 

' ' ' .'667 

.054 

.074 

9.576 


9.548 

37.413 

.016 

2.628 

8.803 

.252 

9.755 

1.739 




1,617.372 

3,758.728 
783.367 
601.161 

1,022.868 
35.553 

1,281.198 
268.254 

3,078.781 


$0,030 
.058 


Butter 

S milk 


.048 
060 


Sugar 

Onions 

Potatoes 

String beans 

Corned beef 


.080 

.01 

.054 

.10 

.335 


Total 


14 


5.1 


14.343 


14.252 


60.153 


12,897.183 


§0.610 



Stjmmakt. 
Total food consumed during July, 1898. 



ARTICLE. 


Pounds. 


Proteids. 
Pounds. 


Fats. 
Pounds. 


Carbo- 
liydrates. 
Pounds. 


Calories. 


Beef shoulder .... 


18.75 

13.70 

9.00 

2.81 

2.. 54 

.79 
1.25 
2.25 

.81 

.68 
2.40 

.15 


3.6563 
2.31.53 
1.1970 
.5648 
.3540 
.0237 
.3087 
. 4050 
.1636 
.19.58 
.5136 
.0546 


3.9250 

3.9819 

3.3940 

.1517 

1.7780 

.6163 

.4887 

.1800 

.0798 

.0299 

.0072 

.0237 


'"".'0983 


19,135.00 




20,892.50 


Corned beef 


12,380.00 


Liver 


1,878.34 


Bacon 


7,518.40 


Salt pork 


2,496.40 
2,450.00 


Beef heart . . 


1,512.53 


Veal 


639.90 

487.48 


CodUsh (salt) 


984.00 


Herring (dried) 


201.75 








55.13 


9.5533 


12.6056 


.0983 


70,511.80 



Butter 


5.68 

18.32 
98.38 

r 1.20 

.71 


.0.568 

.6338 

3.0497 

.1788 
.3009 


4.7855 
.6778 
.6886 
.1360 
.3530 


.0381 
.8798 
4.7232 
.0048 
.0127 


20,8.53.45 


Whole milk 


.5,679.20 


Skim milk 


17,216.50 


Eggs 


865.30 


Cheese 


1 469.70 








134.24 


4.1085 


6.5399 


5.6471 


45,583.05 



Total animal food 



179.37 i 13.6608 I 19.1355 



5.74.54 1116,094.35 




X 
X 

uu 



< 



1- 
< 



^ 



Workincjman's Model Home. 
Sdmmaky — Continued. 



4il 



ARTICLE. 



Flour 

Oatmeal 

Rice 

Hominy 

Cora meal 

Cracked wheat 
Corn starch . . . 

Potatoes 

Cabbage 

Lettuce 

Dried peas . 

Dried beans . . . 

Onions 

Beets 

Stringed beans 

Bananas 

Dried apples . . 

Apples 

Dried prunes. . 

Raisins 

Peaches 

Sugar 

Syrup 

Macaroni 



Total vegetable food ... 

Total food 3.45 men 38 
days 



For 1 man 1 day. 



For 1 man 1 day . . 
Voit'.s standard. . . . 
American standard. 



Pounds. 



54.48 



.13 
.81 
.00 
.75 
.59 
.45 



87.30 



401.35 



4.15 



Grams. 
1,882.44 



Proteids. 
Pounds. 



5.9938 
3.1898 
.2079 
.1400 
.6310 
.0836 



10.2341 



Fats. 
Pounds. 



.5993 
1.4998 
.0113 
.0700 
.3565 
.0413 



3.4780 



Carbo- 
hydrates. 
Pounds. 



40.8055 

14.8073 

3.3311 

.6333 

4 7655 

.3736 

.4401 



64.0563 



Calories. 



89, .565. 13 

39,081.35 

4,580.30 

1,650.00 

11,103.75 

973.50 

818.48 



147,772.40 



82.67 


1.7360 


.0836 


14.7979 


31,001.25 


7.00 


. 1470 


.0310 


.38.50 


1,085.00 


1.50 


.0187 




.0375 


104.61 


.75 


.3003 


.0137 


.4330 


1,173.75 


3.81 


.8801 


.0763 


3.2555 


6,153.15 


4.71 


.0659 


.0141 


.4757 


1,059.75 


1.15 


.0313 


.0048 


.0823 


184.00 


3.09 


.0679 


.0123 


.2793 


736.15 


104.68 


3.1371 


.3237 


18.7361 


41,487.66 



5.43 


.1039 


.0335 


1.3638 


3,683.90 


1.00 


.0125 




.5550 


1,056.41 


5.10 


.0304 




.7393 


1,403.50 


.50 


.0135 


.6635 


.3.580 


705.66 


1.00 


.0370 


.0070 


.7160 


1,411.33 


.71 


.0031 


.0038 


.1138 


225.55 


13.73 


.1784 


.0458 


3.7339 


7,484.35 



14.25 

1.62 

.50 


'"".Qih 


'"".'6625 


13.9365 

1.1843 

.3835 


27,700.85 

3,303.20 

805.59 


16.37 


.045 


.0025 


15.5033 


30,709.64 



331.98 I 13.5946 | 3.7.500 1 102.0395 1227,454.05 



87.3554 



31.8865 



107.7749 



348,548.40 



.28 



.336 



1.11 



3,. 556. 4 



Grams. 
137 
118 
125 



Grams. 
102.51 
56 
135 



Grams. 
503.49 
.500 
450 



3,.5.56.4 
3,050.0 
3,530.0 



Cost for twenty-eight days 

Cost for one day 

Averajre cost for one raiin one day. 
Averaf^e cost for one individual . . . 



15.109 
.539 
.156 
.107 



56 



4A2 New York at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Conclusion. 

What the Workingman's Model Home attempted to do as an exhibit 
has been outlined in the foregoing pages. Perhaps a word is in place 
as to what it did not attempt to do. Among the many visitors to the 
house were tliose wlio severely criticized because no comjjiete scheme 
of living was outlined. "How are you going to educate your chil- 
dren ? " " Where is tlie money coming from for church, club, news- 
paper and amusements ? " " What is the family to do in case of long 
and severe illness ? " " What scheme have you devised for laying aside 
money for old age ? " These are only a few of the questions asked. 
And they are all important questions. They must be met and answered 
in some way by every family wliose intelligence causes them to aim 
higher than at the gratification of merely animal needs. 

And only $500 a year on which to do all tliis ! 

Let these who criticise try to answer. Every trial may help toward 
a solution. True, we can spend less than $120 per year for rent. But 
can we do it in our cities without sacrificing the conveniences, fresh 
air, sunlight, room for privacy and all that resjDectable quarters contrib- 
ute toward health and morality ? We can. live and perhaps not suffer 
from the cold 'by spending less than $100 a year for clothing. But 
can we do it and be clothed so decently as to make ourselves self- 
respecting ? It is doubtful if we can be 23roperly fed on less than $200 
a year. From' what quarter is retrenchment to come ? How many 
families are there in the country who, striving by all means in their 
power, cannot earn $500 a year ? 

The persons who will show how such families can live in comfort on 
their present incomes will be the greatest benefactors of their time. 
But the question is too closely involved with the social and industrial 
problems of the day to be easily answered. It was obviously ridiculous 
to look for a coinplete solution in such an exhibit as that made in the 
Workingman's Model Home. 

What, then, did the exhibit accomplish ? Its chief value was in the 
stimulation of thought along these lines. If its success can be meas- 
ured by the interest shown in it by the public its projectors may well 
be satisfied. That interest seemed to indicate increasing thought 
among the people upon the subject of the importance of household 
economics. From the time of its opening in June, when many of the 
officials of the ' World's Fair, leaving more ambitious entertainments, 
attended the informal afternoon tea given in honor of the completion 
of the house, to the last night in October, when crowds thronged the 
house until after the hour for closing, not a day passed when there could 
not be found among the guests tliose who came seeking information or 
help. Among those who came were philanthropists of all shades of 
opinion looking for practical ideas which tliey might carry home to 
their work. There were btiilders and men specially interested in giv- 
ing good homes' to the laboring classes, who studied the plan of the 
house and its arrangements. There were students of economics or of 
domestic science who were interested in the food experiment, and 3'oung 
people going to housekeeping who wanted to copy the lists of furnish- 



WoEKiXGMAx's Model Home. 443 

ings. Last but nut the least ajipreciative were our foreign visitors. 
Many of these, staying perliaps for a few weeks and \-isiting few jiri- 
vate iionses, found this their only opportunity of studying the interior 
of the home of an American workingnian. 

The exhibit was indebted to the press of tlie coimtry for most kindly 
notices and criticism, and many people who M'onld otherwise haA'e been 
ignorant of its existence were brought to the model home through this 
means. 

To Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, Hon. John Boyd Thacher and the Board 
of General Managers of Xew York State is due the credit of originating 
the plan and furnishing the means for carrying it out. The work of 
installing the exhibit at Jackson Park was made easy, and its successful 
working from day to day insured, through the courtesy and help of the 
officials of the Xew York State Building and exhibits, as well as through 
the many kindnesses of those in authority in the various departments 
of the exposition. 



EEPOET ON THE CHAEITIES AM CORREC- 

TKMS EXHIBIT. 

EXHIBIT CLASSED IN IJBERAL AKTS DEPARTMENT, BUT INSTALLED IN THE 
ANTHEOPOHIGICAL BUILDING. 



A special effort was made by the exposition authorities to secure from 
all the States exhibits of the methods employed in their charitable, 
penal, correctional and reformatory institutions, and a special bureau was 
formed for that purpose in the liberal arts department. New York's 
board heartily supported the idea and obtainecl the co-operation of the 
State Board of Charities. Tlie latter, under the personal supervision of 
their secretary. Dr. Charles S. Hoyt, prepared a systematic statement 
of the laws and conditions governing the work in New York, and tabu- 
lated charts of results obtained and developments noted, supplemented 
by models of the best institutions in the State. The Board of General 
Managers on their part defrayed all expenses connected with the exhibit. 
As a tangible and gi-aphic representation of the results of many years 
of liljeral expenditure of jjublic money and of the labors of earnest, 
al)le and devoted men and women, it possessed a special interest for our 
own citizens and gave to visitors from other States and countries an 
impressive conception of the charitable niuniiicence of New York. It 
is much to be regretted that the installation of the exhibit from New 
York was so poorly arranged by the exposition director in charge. 
Scattered about the Anthropological Building in several different places, 
in accordance with the exposition idea of a com])arative exhibit by States 
and countries of similar subjects, the display lost a great jJart of its 
impressiveness^ The paucitj^ of material rendered the " comjiarative " 
display in tliis dejjartment a total failure from a scientific standpoint, 
and the State displays suffered correspondingly in effect because of this 
fractional arrangement. Mucli of the confusion was jjrobably due to 
the indifferent attitude of the exposition officials towards the libei-al 
arts department in the construction period of the fair, and the very 
late date and conse(pient hurry in wliich the Anthropological Building 
was completed and the exhibits installed. 

Among the most noteworthy exhibits from New York in this 
deijartment were the Rochester Industrial School, containing a full 
representation of the studies pursued and work done in the institution ; 
the model of the Elmira Reformatory ; model of the Utica Insane 
Asylum ; model of the Letchworth Poorhouse, and splendid series of 
forty-two statistical charts tabulating volumes of information. 

The Letcliworth Poorhouse especially attracted wide attention. It 
was designed by the Hon. "\¥m. P. Letch-worth, of Buffalo, who has 
been for many years a member of the State Board of Charities, and lias 
made poorhouse architecture a study for twenty years. The objects 
attained in the model are perfect sanitation, convenience and economy 



Eeport on the Charities axd rouRKCTioNs Exmnrr. 445 

in adininistratioii, pnitection against tiro, anil a pi'(i])er classitii-ation of 
the inniatus acctu'ding to tlieir peculiar physical aiul mental cdnditiiin, 
and a c(_ini])lete scjiaration of the sexes. The model on exliil)iti()n pni- 
vided for the accommodation of eij^'hty ])ersiins. It is a matter of cmi- 
gratulation that the State was enabled to show a I)uil(liug wliich virtu- 
ally represented the experience of the world, and will ])rove a model 
for similar institutions in this and other countries. 

The followiiii;; extract from the current annual report of tlie State 
Board of Charities will summarize the scope and character of the 
exhibit : 

New Yoek State Charitable Exhibit at the World's Columbian 

Exposition. 

"At the request of the Managers of the Exhihit of the State <.)f New 
York at the World's Columbian Ex])osition, held in Chicago in 1S93, 
this board pre])are(l exhibits of the penal, charitable, eleemosynary, 
correctional and reformatory work of the State, which were forwarded 
to (Jliieago early in the year, and assigned space in connection witli 
similar exhibits from other States and countries at tlic exposition. 
These e.xhibits, in accordance with instructions issued by the bureau of 
charities and correction, approved by the director general of tlie exjxj- 
sition, then in course of })reparation and referred to in the last annual 
report of the Ijoard, were as follows : 

"1. A map of the State, designating in block characters the location of 
all its penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and reformatory 
institutions. 

"2. A directory of the penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional 
and reformatory institutions of this State, showing the object and the 
purposes of such institutions and their classification by counties. 

" 3. A set of statistical charts, forty-two in numljer, I'elating to crime, 
pauperism, insanity, immigration, etc., with the annual expenditures 
therefor, and the value of the property of all kinds in the State, held 
for penal, charitable, correctional and reformatory purposes, October 
1, 1S92. 

"4. A complete set of the annual and special reports of this board, 
with copies of circulars, lilaidvs, forms, tables, etc., issued from time to 
time in the prosecution of its work. . 

'' 5. Photographic bo(.>ks or albums of various charitable, correctional 
and reformatory institutions of the State, with the history, objects and 
purposes, government and management, receipts and ex])enditures, and 
the number of beneficiaries of such institutions, prepared, at the request 
of the l)oard, \)y their resjjective managers. 

" 6. A model of an approved plaa for poorhouses, with special refer- 
ence to separation of tlie sexes and classification of inmates, heating, 
lighting, ventilation and drainage, p)rojected and designed by Conmiis- 
sioner Letchworth and constructed under his supervision and direction. 

" In addition to tliese exhibits by this board, other exhibits were pre- 
pared by various charitable, correctional and reformatory institutions 
of tlie State and sent direct to the exposition, among which were the 
following : A model of the State Eeformatory at Elmira; a model of a 



446 New York at the "Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 

detached liospital building of the Utica State Hospital ; a model of the 
hospital building of the State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-minded 
Young Women at Newark, with numerous photographic views of the 
institution ; a large collection of technological work, by the State 
Industrial Scliool at Rochester ; and pliotographic views of the build- 
ings, plans, etc., of the Buffalo State Hospital at Buffalo, and the St. 
Lawrence State Hospital at Ogdensburg. Tlie institutions for feeble- 
minded children, for the blind and the deaf, made their exhibits through 
their respective national associations for these classes ; and, besides 
those above enumerated, numerous other charitable, correctional and 
reformatory institutions, societies and associations of the State prepared 
and forwarded exhibits, through various channels, and were given sj^ace 
at the exposition under the classiiication to which they respectively 
belonged. 

" It will thus be seen that this State contributed largely to the penal, 
charitable, correctional and reformatory exhibit at the exposition, and 
it is believed that its display in this direction, both in the extent and 
variety of its subjects and the comprehensive and artistic manner in 
wliicli they were presented, compared fa^'orably M-ith such exhibits liy 
other States and countries, reflecting credit alike upon the State and 
its institutions. In an address upon the grounds of the exposition upon 
the occasion of ' New York Day,' his excellency. Governor Flower, 
referring to the various classes of exhibits by this State, spoke of its 
charitable exhibit as follows : 

" ' The great work wliich New York State and its civil subdivisions 
do for the relief of pauperism, for the care of the insane and the edu 
cation of the defective classes, has been demonstrated at this exhibition 
as it has never been before. The whole range of activity of the char- 
itable, correctional and reformatory institutions of the State has been 
shown in a way which makes the subject clearer than volumes of 
reports would do. It is the Ijoast of our christian civilization that it 
cares for those whom pagan civilization neglected. The private and 
public beneficence of New York transcends all limitations of sect or 
creed, and its graphic delineation here may well challenge the attention 
of the world.' 

" These and other exhibits, the property of the State, have been 
returned to Albany, and are waiting legislative action for their proper 
care and proposed permanent exposition." 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPAKT- 
3IENT L, LIBERAL ARTS. 



GEor]> 147. 



(Tile exhibits in tliis group were iust; 

Broolilyn Orphsin Asylum Society. — 
Photographs — buildings, interiors. classes 
at work, etc.; specimen work in wood 
carving, chair bottoming, shoe strings, 
netting, fancy needle and crochet work. 

Charts. — A series of thirty- -three printed 
and graphic charts relating to penal, chari- 
table, eleemosynary, correctional and re- 
formatory institutions ; their location, 
number of inmates, operating expenses, 
average number of inmates b_y decades, 
nationality of inmates, expenditures, in- 
crease of immigration, value of property, 
cost to State and other interesting and 
pertinent statistics. 

Elmira Reformatory. — Building: plaster 
model, very large, open at one side to show 
distribution and arrangement of cells; 
canoes, two specimens, elaborately fin- 
ished, made in tlie reformatory; figures, 
four wax. showing four styles of uniforms; 
photographs — scenes in wing frames, 
showing exteriors and interiors of build- 
ings, class rooms, gymnasium, workshops, 
drill, etc.; photographic .specimens of 
work done and materials made in the 
institution. 

Fitch t'reche, Buffalo — under the 
auspices of the "Charity Organization 
Society " for the care of children during 
the working hours of mothers. — Charts 

— organization, statistical; diagram of 
creche and training school; photographs 

— building, interiors, groups. 
Hebrew" Benevolent and Orphan Asy- 
lum, i^ew York. — Photographs — build- 
ings, interiors, groups, classes at work, 
etc.: publications — reports and papers 
of the institution; siiccimen work of 
students. 

Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, 
New York. — Photographs of Orphan 
Asylum, exteriors and interiors. 

Hebrew Technical Institute, New Y'ork. 
— Photographs — buildings, class rooms, 
work rooms and apparatus; specimen 
work — wood carving, sixty pieces; metal 
work, seventy-eight pieces; practical 
electricity, etc.: mechanical drawings, 
forty pieces;- free hand, thirty-two pieces. 

Home for Aged and Infirm, Yonkers — 
under auspices of Independent Order of 
Benai Berith. — Photographs and historical 
sketch. 



died in the Anthropological Building.) 

Independent Order of Treue Schwes- 
tern, New York. — Historical and statis- 
tical sketch. 

"Kemmler" chair; first chair and appa- 
ratus used in the world to infiict the death 
penalty by electricity; first used at Au- 
burn prison August 6, 1890, for the exe- 
cution of Kemnder. 

Letchworth Poorhouse. — Model alms- 
house with working plans. 

List of charitable, benevolent and co- 
operative associations and societies in the 
State. 

Louis' Down Town Sabbath and Daily 
School. — Chart — statistical and explana- 
tory; photographs — classrooms, classes, 
exercises, specimen work. 

Map showing location of every penal, 
charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and 
reformatory institution in the State. 

New York Protestant Episcopal City 
Mission Society. — Report 1891-1892; pho- 
tographs — album of various hospitals, 
prisons and correctional institutions where 
its work is carried on. 

New York Opthalmic Hospital. — Pho- 
tographs; reports. 

New York Sisterhood of Personal Serv- 
ice, Hebrew Women. — Charts, statis- 
tical. 

New York State Home for Aged and 
Infirm Hebrews. — Historical sketch; 
photographs. 

Photographs, miscellaneous: 

American Female Guardian Society's 
Home for the Friendless. 

Brooklyn Industrial School and Home 
for Destitute Children. 

Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of 
Charity. 

Catholic Male Orphan Asylum. Troy. — 
Album. 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum, New York. — 
Kindergarten. 

House of Good Shepheni. with sketch, 
Troy. 

House of Good Shepherd for Destitute 
Children, Utica. 

Hudson Orphan and Relief Association. 
— Album. 

New York Institute for Instruction of 
Deaf and Dumb, — Album. 

Rockaway Beach Sanitarium. 



448 



New Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



St. Coleman's Orphan Asylum, Water- 
vliet. — Album! 

St. John's Orphan Asylum for Destitute 
Females, with sketch, Utica. 

St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Albany. 
— Album. 

Troy Hospital of Sisters of Charity. 

Publications, miscellaneous: 

Association for Befriending Children 
and Young Girls; House of Holj' Family. 
Second avenue. New York, and House of 
Nazareth. AVhite Plains. — History. 

Demilt Dispensarj'. — Reports, two vol- 
umes, 1851-1893. 

Margaret Strachan Home for Fallen 
Women, New York. — Report. 

New York County Visiting Committee 
of State Charities Association for Belle- 
vue and other HosiJitals. — Reports. 1873- 
18S3. 

New Y^ork Training School for Nurses, 
Bellevue. — Report. 

Sanitarium for Hebrew Children of the 
Cit}' of New York. — Report. 

Saratoga Home for Children. — History. 

State Board of Charities. — Reports, 
nineteen volumes, 1867-1890 ; specimen 
blanks and papers. 

State Charities Aid Association, New 
York. — Papers and reports, seven vol- 
umes, 1872-1893 ; Report to State Board, 
five volumes. 1873-1893. , 

State Charities "Record," 1889-1893. 

St. John's Guild. New York (for the 
relief of sick children, without regard to 
creed, color or nationalitj') — Charts, sta- 
tistical and explanatory, combination iron 
bed and suspended crib, oil painting of 
floating hospita ! ; pen sketcli of ' sea side " 
hospital ; photogaphs of hospitals, 
grounds, interiors, etc. 

St. Mary's Orphan Home, Biughamton. 



— Album of photographs, specimen work 
of pupils. 

St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Dunkirk. — 
Photographs; specimen class work; speci- 
men sewing. 

St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, 
Buffalo. — Photographs; historical sketch; 
specimen needlework. 

Society for the Reformation of Juvenile 
Delinquents in the City of New York; 
New York Hou.se of Refuge. — Specimen 
kindergarten work; specimen drawings in 
all grades ; specimen sewing; plain and 
fancy needlcwoi'k. 

Soldiers and Sailors' Home, Bath. — 
Sketch of institution, topographical map 
of grounds; photographs. 

State Hospital for In.saae, Binghamton. 

— Specimen articles made by inmates. 
State Hospital for Insane, Buffalo. — • 

Photographs — buildings, exteriors, inte- 
riors, etc. ; training school statistics, 

State Hospital for Insane, Utica.- — 
Model of hospital (five and one-fourth by 
six and one-fourth feet); reports, five 
volumes, 1843-1893 ; Journal of Insanity, 
printed and bound in hospital; photo- 
graphs — buildings, exteriors and in- 
teriors, grounds, etc.'; specimen articles 
made by inmates. 

State Hospital for Insane, Willard. — 
Pen drawings of hospital buildings and 
surroundings. 

State Industrial School, Rochester. — 
Charts, statistical and explanatorj', ex- 
hibit booth, designed and made by 
the students , photographs — buildings, 
grounds, etc piaster cast of horse and 
pedestal by boy sixteen j'ears old rules 
of institution; specimen work in drawing, 
fuUhand, mechanical and architectural, 
clay modeling, wood carving, ironwork 
and blacksmithing, painting, needlework, 
tailoring. 




URSi tLHCTROCUTlON CHAIR 



REPORT ON THE BOARD OF HEALTH EXHIBIT. 

rSSTALLED IX THE A2JTHEOPOLOGHCAL BCILDIXG. 



The exhibit of the Xew York State Board of Health \ras under- 
taken by that otiice at the eleventh hour upon the earnest solicitations 
of Chief Executive Officer McXaughton. Por tlie limited time at their 
disposal the display \ya5 of the highest order and presented in con- 
clusive form Xew York's much heralded system of supervising and 
enforcing health laws. Xo attempt was made to show in full the 
developments of the powers and jurisdiction of the board, but a few 
tj'pical systems of water sitpply, sewerage and general sanitation were 
fully exemplified, and these exhibits su^jplemented by statistics, reports 
and treatises on various phases of health topics. Among the most prom- 
inent exhibits were a map showing the eight sanitary districts of jSTew 
York, viz. : The Maritime, Hudson Valley, Mohawk Valley, Adiron- 
dack and Xorthern, East Central, West Central, Lake Ontario and 
TVestern, and Southern Tier, together with charts showing the relative 
area, density of population, and average death rate of each district, a 
statistical chart giving summaries of the monthly buDetins of mortality 
from 1SS7 to 1S92, and a series of yearly bulletins of mortality. 

The Croton ri^'er watershed and aqueduct was taken as a type of its 
class as it supplies the largest city of the country. A large map was con- 
structed containing the coiu'se of the New Croton aqueduct, present 
aqueduct, Bronx river pipe line and the watersheds of the Croton, 
Bronx and Byram rivers. Plans and sketches of tlie villages in the 
Croton watershed occupied three small charts, and arranged in one 
lai'ge frame were sixty-six views of yarious parts of the Croton water- 
shed. A graphic analytical chart of Croton water completed this 
exhibit. 

Several villages in the State were taken to illustrate the best methods 
of drainage and sewerage. An elaborate plan of the sewerage system of 
"White Plains was exhibited to show the " chemical process" used there 
with marked success, while a plan of the sewerage works of Albion, 
■with a sub-plan showing filter tield and outlet sewers, was exhibited to 
show the " filtration bed " process. Plans of the sewer systems of 
Medina, Sus]3ensiou Bridge, Gotiverneur and Walton illustrated the 
most improved methods of direct gravity drainage into large bodies of 
water. A complete set of the reports of the State Board of Health 
with several scientific treatises on germane subjects completed this very 
comprehensive and interesting exhibit. 

The New York city board of' health also made a valuable exhibit 
which may lie l)riefly sumniarizeil as follows : 

1. One large album containing about 50(i of the prmcipal blanks 
used in the department, so arranged as to illustrate the usual routine 

57 



450 New Yoek at the AYoklu's Columbian Exposition. 

work of the department from the time of receiving a complaint from 
an)' citizen until the final disposition of the same, and illustrating the 
work performed by the several divisions of the department and of the 
officers and employees thereof. 

2. A collection of the more important circulars and jjamphlets issued 
by the board of health for public distribution. 

3. Thirty-nine large photographic views, framed, illustrating the 
machinery of the department in ti'ansporting and caring for persons 
sick with contagious disease, as well as the methods and machinery used 
in fumigating, disinfecting or destroying infected goods. 



REPORT 0^ THE NEW YORK EDUCATIOML 

EXITTRIT. 



By HOWARD J. ROGERS, Albany, Assistant Dikector. 



The New York educational exhibit held the j^osition of honor in 
tlie liberal arts department. One-seventh of the space devoted to 
education was granted the '' Empire State ; " and the central bridge 
connecting the sonth aisle and leading directly out from the office of 
the liberal arts department was assigned to her use. This space con- 
tained 10.S6i square feet. Separated from this space bj the liberal arts 
offices were 2^500 feet, granted the teclmical schools, and in the south- 
east corner of the building were iOO feet allotted to the trade schools. 
This made a total assignment to New York of 13,76i feet, not includ- 
ing the space granted the art schools and business schools in the west 
gallery. 

The installation of the exhibit of the State was in keeping with this 
generous recognition of her prominence in educational matters. The 
walls and jiartitions were made of quartered oak and tlie j^icture-hang- 
ing surface covered with baize of purple, the State color. Oak tables, 
desks, cabinets, showcases, bookcases and chairs were furnished in 
quantity to fully equijj the sjjace. The alcoves were large and the 
arrangement was designed to give an open, roomy effect and to avoid 
the stall-like aj^pearance too prevalent throughout the department. 
Signs and banners of purple and gold marked every division of space. 
The effect of the complete installation was striking, artistic and har- 
monious. Abundant testimony was given througliout the fair, not 
only by the general public, but by experts and critics specially 
appointed, that in artistic arrangement New York's exhibit was easily 
foremost in the liberal arts department. 

Editoational Bureau. 

The preparation and supervision of the educational exhibit was dele- 
gated by the Board of General Managers to a bureau specially 
appointed as a sub-department of the commission. Under dates of 
August 25 and September 3, 1S92, Hon. John Boyd Thacher wrote 
Melvil Dewey, secretary of the University of the State of New York, 
expressing his anxiety over " our failure to make a proper educational 
exhibit," and urging him to take charge of the proposed bureau. Mr. 
Thacher further urged " that it is the one opportunity likely to occur in 
our lifetime of showing to tlie world the condition and progress of edu- 
cational matters in the State of New York." Mr. Thacher promised 
the immediate appropriation by the Board of General Managers of 
$5,000 for preliminary expenses, and further promised the financial 
support of the board for any adequate plan adopted. The result of this 



452 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

correspondence was the calling of a special meeting of the Board of 
Regents on September 29, 1S93. Mr. Thaclier was invited to come 
before the board and present the matter fiiUj for their consideration. 
The following extract is from the ofScial minutes of the meeting : 

" Mr. Thacher made a statement of the plans for the educational 
exhibit at the World's Fair, and said that the Board of General Man- 
agers for the State, after careful consideration, felt that it was essential 
to the best success of the State's educational exhibit that the Kegents 
should allow the secretary of the University to undertake its organiza- 
tion and immediate direction. He said the State Board had already set 
apart §5,000 for expenses up to January 1, 1893, and if more was nec- 
essary it would be j^rovided, as they would prefer to stop some of their 
judicial district work, if necessary, rather than cripple the educational 
exhibit, which ought to be the special pride of the State. Many ques- 
tions were asked and answered, and after Mr. Thacher's withdi'awal 
the board discussed the question at length. 

" On motion of Regent Harris, it was iinally unanimously 

" Voted, That the secretary be authorized to accept the ap])ointment 
of director of the bureau of the educational exhibit of the State of New 
York at the World's Columbian Ex^^osition, and to devote so much of 
Jiis time to the new duties as may be consistent with his necessary 
supervision of the regular work of the university ; provided, that the 
State Board of Managers meet all necessary expenses of the bureau, 
including needed assistance." 

This action was ratified by the Board of General Managers, and on 
October twelfth Mr. Howard J. Rogers, of the Albany Academy, was 
selected as Mr. Dewey's executive officer, with the title of assistaut 
director. Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College, was made director 
for the Women's Board. The following advisory board was appointed 
to assist in prejjaring plans for an exhibit : Pres. Setli Low, Col- 
umbia College, New York ; Pres. David J. Llill, University of Roch- 
ester, Rochester ; Hon. James F. Crooker, State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, Albany ; Pres. James M. Taylor, Yassar College, 
Poughkeepsie ; Pres. J. G. Schurman, Cornell University, Ithaca ; 
Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie ; Rt. Rev. 
Henry Gabriels, bishop of Ogdensburg, Ogdensburg ; Frederick B. 
Pratt, secretary Pratt Institute, Brooklyn ; Hon. A. S. Draper, 
ex-Superintendent of Public Instruction, Albany ; Miss Ella Weed, 
Barnard College, New York ; Felix Adler, Society for Ethical Culture, 
New York ; Pres. William J. Milne, State Normal College, Albany ; 
William H. Maxwell, superintendent of schools, Brooklj'u ; Prof. P. C. 
Ricketts, director Rensselaer Polj^technic Institute, Troy. 

As indicated hj the name, the powers of the above board were 
purely advisory, and after two meetings, in which a general policy was 
outlined, the further developm'eut of the exhibit and the execution of 
all details were left in the hands of Director Dewey and his assistant, 
Mr. Rogers. 

Plan' foe Secueing Exhibits. 

The short time intervening between the opening of the fair and the 
establishing of the educational bureau required the most active work on 




O 



Repoet on the Educational Exhibit. 453 

the part of its officers, and a larger expenditure for expert labor, trav- 
eling expenses, etc., than ■would have been the case with more time. 
The uncertainty, also, of the educational interests of the country receiv- 
ing ]iroper recognition from the Chicago authorities, and the long delay, 
till Janiid,ry, 1S93, in assigning space after sucli recognition was made, 
greatly hampered their efforts. 

That the bnreau M"as able, under these conditions, to prepare so com- 
plete an exhibit was due largely to the loyalty and zeal with which the 
school superi:.tendents and principals responded to their appeals. The 
educational bureau was charged with securing a proper representation 
of the universities, colleges, professional and technical schools, acade- 
mies, high schools and elementaiy schools. Its first circular, issued 
October 2(3, 1892, urged the institutions to make an exhibit: First, as a 
matter of Xational, State and local ]Dride ; second, for the value to the 
institution itself of preparing the exhibit ; third, for the opportunity of 
winning the M-idest possible public recognition of any special merits. 
A series of suggestions followed as to -what might be exhibited. 

The chief objections on the part of the institutions to preparing an 
exhiljit were reduced to three : First, lack of time ; second, lack of 
money, it being generally recognized that to push an exhibit through 
rapidly would require nearly doul)Je the outlay necessary if the prepa- 
rations could be made slowly ; third, a d(jubt as to the advisability of 
preparing an exhibit nnder the circunistances for so short a period. 
To remove these objections, the bureau was authorized by the Board 
of General Managers to announce that certain expenses connected with 
the exhibit and all expenses after the actual 'oreparation of material 
would be borne by the bureau. This decision met the first two 
objections, and the third •was removed by the fodowing plan, formu- 
lated by the bureau and ratified by the Board of General Managers in 
November, 1S92. It was first published in the general circular, No. 5, 
under date of November 29, 1892: 

" Unless otherwise specified, all exhibits sent to the bureau will be 
treated as contributed to the State's educational exhibit, which, after 
the Columbian Exposition, will be kept in the Capitol at Albany as the 
nucleus of a permanent educational mxisexim. Exhibitors may, there- 
fore, feel that they ai'e preparing exhibits not simjjly for six months in 
the temporary buildings at Chicago, but also for permanent display in 
the finest fire-proof building on tiie continent, and in a location which 
insures constant use." 

In return for these gifts the Board of General Managers agreed to 
relieve schools entirely of charges for (1) printed forms, labels, shipping 
envelopes, tags, etc. ; (2) special facilities for displaying work of 
unusual excellence ; (3) composition of handbooks ; (-i) wing frames, 
cabinets, showcases, tables and shelves; (5) transportation; ((3) installa- 
tion ; (7) care and supervision during the exposition. This effort tc 
build up a pedagogic department in the State Museum at Albany was 
heartily approved by the schools and colleges, and the result justified 
the broad views of tiie commission, for save in the case of one institu- 
tion every exhibit was given to the bureau on these terms. 



454 N nw ^'<ll;l< AT 'I'lii'; WdiM.ii's ('(ii.iiMiiiAN IvM'osrnoN. 



Miivi'iidi) Oh' A i;,i{.AN(niiMi«N'i'. 

I'(isil,i\'ti I'cy'llliil.iiins were issued Kv I lie lilicniJ in'I.H (li)i>iirlni(>nt 
lit (■hicag'd, wliic^li slalcil llinl llic |iiiMir si'ImkiI exhibits iiiusl; hii liv 
g'radi^K, niid lliiit IIk^ Sinle was I lie siimllesi, iinil lluit ^^'(lul(l lu^ reeog- 
iii/.ed. A slrangei'desii'iiig Id siiidy primary scJukiI worl< and uiellitids 
conld thus lind it all j^'iMUiied in one |ila('iMnstea.(l of hasini;' Id search 
ioi' it ill as many dilTei'ent |iIikhw as made (<\hihils. This arranii'ement 
was h\ I'ar llie mest l(ij>'i('al and scicaililic, and was diilv nhjecled In liy 
cities which desired le liave an alcove hv tiKmisi'Kcs. 

It was (lecid(Ml, after iiiiich discussion with the aiUisory hoard, not to 
alltMn|it to si^cni'(^a, modilication of the rule, l)Ut lo ai'ranj;'(^ the iwhihit 
Irom a. State slan(l|ioint. 'I'he i;'rade(l jilan worked out sa.lisraclorilv, and, 
insl(ia.d of (^iiininalinii,' llu* fUiCtor vi' local pridii in preparini;' anexhihit, 
proved rather to stimulate it, for each school system was spurred on to 
ninki' II fuuM' display in imm^Ii i^'rade and produced a, In^tter bidiuuHMl 
exhiliil IliiHi is likely to he seen where all i;'rades ai'e f^'rouptul tofi;ether 
anil I hi' (h'licicmcii's of one alio wed to i;'o nniioliced hciMUise of tlu* excol- 
leiici(>s (d' another. Within i^udi (lei>arlinenl, howm'cr, the (vxhihit of 
11 (uty or villai;'o was shown as a unii, so that while tlu< Stal:e did not 
ha\-e what is tiiclmically called a. " coll(H'ti\'i^ " exhihil, it did present a. 
(mmparative tlis[)lay ol' " collective" (>xhihits IVoiii cities luul instiln- 



tions. MdiiUH wore thus rnrnishcd of not only compiii'ina- New ^ 



or[> 



Statr M'itli other Sialics, hut of (Mimpiirint;' one section of Now York 
with another. 

Plan ok Kxuiiirr. 

Theexhihit was divided into ele\en n'cneral dcpartuieids : TTniviu'sity 
(d' the State of New \'ork, universities and collen'cs, unixiM'sity 
oxt(M\sion, lechnical schools, trade schools, ncadeuii((s, liij;'h schools, 
luinual schools, ehMiienlary schools, kindei'ij^'arlcu and private schools. 
]<]iH',li of thes(\ depart incuts occupied one liii'n'e alco\'i< of ahmit dOO 
sipiarii I'et^t, exc(*pl the elementary schools, which had two, the (^olh'i;'cs 
and universities whiidi occupied ahoiit ;>,r>()l) feet along- tlu! east and 
W(vst universily aisle, and llui rriitt Inslitiilc and KiMisselaer Polytechnics 
Instilule, which hetween them occupiinl 'J,ri(H) sipiaix' feet in the soulh- 
W(sst corner (d' the n'lillery. The two latter instiliitions and the New 
\'ork 'i^'iule School were mifortiinalely s(>para4ed from the main t^xliihit. 
h\' a depart mental rule which iiimcil to ormip loi;'(-ther schools of a. 
(MUSS. 

The New \'ork art. schools occupied, in adilitiun, iilmiit l,(HIO feet in 
the west <;'illl(U'y, and the husilU'ss schools ahout f)(i(l feet in the collective 
husiiu^ss college exhihit, midway up the sinne side. 

'I'he lU'compiuiyini;' plan w»S lulopted for the division of sj)aci\ 

This elTeclive arriingiMuent typilied the peculiar orn'imizat ion in Ninv 
^'ork. In the same l(\n'islivtivo act of May 1, 17S-I, the llni\'ei'sity of 
tluwStatc of N(<w ^'ol•k \vas (M'oativl inid ( -(diimhia, ( 'ollegi^ chaiiered 
on tln' hasis of old King's ('ollegt\ Tlu^se two oldest institutions were 
lit the l(d't and right; of Ihc long aisle, iieginniiig with the Stat(> I'ni- 
vorsity dt^purtnuint, wdiich oceupiiHl by virtue of its orgiuiization tho 



Eepokt on tiik Eduoationai, ExiiiiiiT. 455 

position at the intersection of the University and New York aisles, the 
line runs on the west through the universities of the State, colleges for 
men and M'omen, jjrofessional and technical schools, law, medicine, 
theology, etc., endowed academies, high schools, academic departments 
of union schools and private schools for boys and girls, ending at the 
santJi entrance witli university extension. On the east the line runs 
from the State University through Columbia, cotemporary in age, Teach- 
ers College, which is so closely attiiiated M'ith Columbia and is also the 
connecting link between the normal schools and the higher institutions, 
then to normal schools, grannnar and primary schools under tlie juiis- 
diction of the Department of Public Instruction, to tlie kindergarten, 
which provides for the educational needs of those ycnmger than the 
ordinary school age, as miiversity extension, across the aisle at the end 
of the other series, provides foi those older. 

The divisions were not arbitrarily made and all exhibits of the same 
grade crowded into the space assigned it, but the partitions were rather 
placed to accommodate the amount of material exhibited in a de]mrt- 
ment. To secure uniformity, the partitions on the west of tlie long 
aisle ^vere made to correspond closely with tliose on the east. 

The bomidary partitions M'ere ten feet high. A heavy oak floor 
piece, eight inches high, was the foundation. A pine partition, covered 
with rich purple baize, litted into this and carried the height to eight 
feet. Surmounting this to the height of two feet was a handsome 
frieze and wainscoting of quartered oak. The cross partitions, or thir- 
teen and one-half foot screens, were eight feet high and similarly made 
with the exception of the superior frieze. Along the ten-fo(jt aisle on 
either side was a row of fifty oak showcases three feet high. These, 
while affording valuable exhibit sijace, gave the appearance of greater 
breadth to the aisle and a more open effect to the whole exhibit. This 
was further heightened by tlie use of wing frames as a substitute for 
wall space. Twenty-two of handsome design wei'e built of oak, and as 
each standard carried fifty doubk^ frames, with a show surface on each 
frame of twenty-two inches by twenty-eight inches, a total exhil)it space 
of 9,l->l.t4 square feet was obtained, or enough to display l;j,ii(>0 eight 
b}' ten-inch photographs. Oak cabinets, bookcases, tables and chairs 
in quantity completed the furnishing. So expensive an installation 
would not have been made, nor in fact justified, for a mere six months' 
show ; but as the complete outfit was to become the ultimate proj)erty 
of the State and l)e located in the Capitol, it was considered a M'ise 
economy to have it harmonize witli the oak furnitui'e (.)f the Capit(jl. 

As a rule the exliibits presented l)y the scIuxjIs and colleges followed 
the line of suggestions sent out Ijy the bureau, and consisted mainly of 
photographs of school grounds, buildings, both exterior and interior 
views, groups and classes at work, specimen written work in all sulv 
jects, scientiti(! collections, statistical charts, administrati\'e forms and 
blanks, work in mauual training de])artments, liandbooks, catalogues, 
cii'culars, etc. The above e.vhibits differed from tli(jse of otlier States 
and C(junti'ies only in their quantity and su|iei'ior quality, and tlie scope 
of this report does not wai'rant their detailed enumeration. A com- 
plete catalogue of the Kew York educational exhibit is appended. 



456 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

A resume of the exhibit by alcoves is given here, followed by a 
description of the many special features and new ideas in exhibits 
which attracted wide attention and rendered New York's display the 
most noteworthy in the department. 

Exhibits by Institutions. 

The exhibit of the University of the State of New York was by far 
the most comprehensive and exact of all the State educational systems 
shown. Each of its six departments presented a systematic display of 
its organization, govei'nment, methods and results. 

The administrative department occupied alcove " E " in the central 
portion of the space, and was used also for the executive office of the 
exhibit. The workings of its system by which the University of the 
State may incorporate and supervise universities, colleges, professional 
and technical schools, academies, high schools, academic departments, 
libraries, museums and extension centers, maintain and protect the 
standard of academic honors and degrees, prevent the use of the name 
" university " or " college " by unworthy institutions, and combine the 
great advantages of central organization and supervision with entire 
freedom for individual and local initiative, were fully shown. 

A photographic exhibit of over 2,000 views was collected from its 
4:84 institutions, and by a series of historical, statistical and descriptive 
pi'inted and graphic charts and records, the entire educational work of 
the university was illustrated. Busts and portraits by famous artists of 
eminent regents, distinguished in State and National ailairs, adorned the 
space. One of the most striking features was the improvements in 
model desks, tables and office equipments. These labor-saving meth- 
ods, appliances and administrative forms are designed to secure the 
largest practical return for a given expenditure of time, by the use of 
the most efficient tools, as similar results are attained in manufacturing 
and business houses by utilizing the latest improvements in machinery 
and methods. Special prominence was also made of the correctness 
and clearness of the records of all financial transactions and of the 
efficient safeguards against accidental or intentional irregularities. 

m . . . . 

The minimum and standard academic apj^aratus in the same alcove, 
and tlie series of handbooks, will be spoken of under the head of special 
features. 

The exhibit of publications, records, etc., was particularly valuable 
and complete. A series of annual reports since 1784, based on sworn 
returns from institutions of the university, were shown, as well as the 
many forms, blanks and methods for collecting accurate information 
and tabulating the same. There were also thirty-one volumes illustrat- 
ing the educational value of the annual conferences of the university 
convocation from 1863 to 1893, historical and statistical xccord from 
1784 to 1884, and many other important publications. The system of 
frequent printed bulletins, issued in advance of regular reports and 
giving early information of educational meetings, legislation, etc., was 
a distinctive feature. 

The examination department in alcove " I " presented a carefully 
arranged exhibit of its elaborate system of academic and higher exam- 



Seale-'t fidhmc 



4 



R.P I. 
P«AT7. 



01 



.^ 



Scalr-i tldhn-.ttcnl Fcit 



XXX X X X X X X X X X X X 

BALCONY Aisle (7| 




s"- " J L 

UNIVERSITY AISLE (I2'j 



6 

M 6 



STAIRS 



con.. 

ALUM. 














SO 


O 








■rt 




















rt 


L 




M 


N 










37V 







SC.TEMP. 
SOUTH 6ALLERY AISLE 



1 



(10) 



13' S" 



37- ' 



«.P I. 
PflATT. 









•i 


&j' 




OFEICES 


DE PT. 


LI BERAL 


«RTS. 







I'l.AN Ol- Ki;\V YuKK bOLCAllONAL EXHIBIT 



Report os the EcrcATioxAL Exhibit. 457 

inations in college and university studies, and also of its nietliods of 
examinations for law and medical students, which has resulted in rais- 
ing the standard of admission to these schools and in protecting the 
pul)lic from incompetence and fraud. Over 20,000 answer parsers in 
200 liound volumes illustrated the scope and variety of the work. 
Graphic and printed charts marked the development and progress of 
the department. The excellent system of credentials, with its series of 
fifty -one diplomas, certificates and pass cards artistically engraved and 
lettered, attracted wide attention. 

The State Lilii'ary in alcove " J '' made an extensive exhibit of blanks 
and forms illustrating the most efficient and economic methods of 
library administration ; charts, tallies, summaries and indexes of the 
decimal classification used in the library and already adopted liy many 
libraries at home and aliroad, and its inexpensive methods of distribut- 
ing desiraljle publications to the libraries of New York through the 
duplicate department, which acts as a clearing house for the libraries 
of the State. Its bulletins, designed to serve as a guide to smaller 
libraries in selecting, classifying and cataloguing, were shown, and its 
annual summaries of comparative legislation, which places before pub- 
lic officers a clear but very compact statement of every law on every 
subject enacted in any State of the Union during the last session of its 
Legislature. Specimen traveling libraries on several topics were exhib- 
ited and the system exjjlained whereby any community may borrow 
from the State for six months a carefully selected library on any topic. 
A splendid series of fifty bromide enlargements of photograplis of the 
lil)rary and its equipment gave an admirable conception of its size and 
work. 

The Xew York State Library School exhibited its methods of 
instruction and administration, a series of Ijijund volumes illustrating 
the quantity and quality of the printed work of the alumni and non- 
graduates of the school since its opening in 1SS7, and an extensive 
exhibit of manuscript work of its students, including bibliographies, 
theses in library economy, annotated and illusti-ated reading lists, note 
books, charts, tables, summaries, indexes, etc. One volume of com- 
parative cataloguing rules was specially worthy of note. 

The State Museum exhibited a file of its valuable scientific publica- 
tions, including annual reports since 1847, a series of interesting l)ul- 
letins on building stones, mineral resources, salt industries and similar 
scientific treatises of practical economic value, and twenty-nine volumes 
on the zoology, botany and paleontology of the State. 

For convenience of comparative study, the extension deiaartment of 
the university was placed in alcove "A"' with the other extension 
systems in a collective exhibit. Charts, forms, syllabuses and bulletins 
sufficient to fully illustrate its workings were displayed. Six traveling 
libraries, arranged in their specially designed shipimig cases, attracted 
much attention and favorable connnent. 

Columbia College, as befitted her age and rank, had by far the 
largest space accorded the universities and colleges, occupying 1,000 
square feet in alcoves " K-N." It was attractively fitted out, and the 
chief exhibit features were a series of thirty very large photographs 

58 



458 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

of buildings and interiors ; set of statistical charts ; plans of old and 
new site ; 190 volumes of works of faculty and alumni ; curriculnm 
of King's College and of Columbia in ITS-i; historical exhibit of old 
paintings ; copper crown given by George III to King's College and a 
valuable collection of pamphlets and handbooks for free distribution. 

The Teachers College (alcove " O "), which is in a certain sense the 
pedagogic department of Columbia, made exhibits in two departments 
only — tlie Horace Mann School of English, and manual training. 

it was New York's good fortune to tlirow a volume of light on the 
mucli discussed c[uestion of manual training. The graded exhibits 
from New York city public schools, Working-man's School, New York, 
Albany High School and Newburgh Free Academy were all in evi- 
dence. The system presented by Prof. Chas. A. Bennett of the 
Teachers College, however, was without doubt the most scientific 
course of manual training adaptable to American schools shown at 
the exposition. It won the highest commendation from American 
and foreign critics. The exhibit of wood working was a carefully pre- 
pared series of models to illustrate Prof. Bennett's "group system." 
There are six courses, each consisting of a series of groups designed to 
teach certain principles and their applications. Each group contains 
two or more required pieces, or models, which every pupil in the class 
must make. It also contains supplementary pieces which are made 
by the rapid and more skillful pupils. These courses are designed for 
boys and girls between the ages of eight or nine and fourteen or 
fifteen, with a supplementary course of one year in wood turning for 
boys only. A small cover adjustable to any ordinary school desk and 
containing an outfit of bracket saw, knife, pencil, rule and triangles 
sufficient for the first two years' work was a special feature of the 
course, as it permits its introduction in any school room and saves the 
expense of fitting up a work room for primary pupils. 

Accompanying this course was one in clay modeling designed by 
Prof. Herriek. It comprises a series of clay sketches. Each piece, 
except i'l the case of the last yeai-, is done in one lesson. The begin- 
ning of this course is intended for children eight or nine years old, or 
for those who have had j)reliniinary training in form. The work is 
planned for six consecutive years, and a part of the time is spent in 
drawing and color work. The object is to lead children to observe 
closely and to express readily ideas of natural forms, and of the charac- 
teristics of the great styles of architecture and ornament. The idea is 
to have this work practicable in all public schools. The only expense 
for the first five 3'ears is the clay and the school slates upon which the 
children work. The sketches of architectural forms, the ornament and 
the vases are made from large outline drawings ; the natural forms are 
modeled from nature and the work of the sixth year from casts. 
Literary work on architecture and ornament is done in connection 
with the modeling. 

Cornell University abandoned its idea of making a detailed exhibit 
on account of the inability of securing space in time fi'om the Chicago 
authorities. At the request of the bureau, however, Cornell prepared 
a series of 145 eleven by fourteen-inch photographs, and thirty-five 



Report ox the Educatioxal Exhibit. 459 

statistical charts. These were shown in a wing frame, and witli its 
catalogues and handbooks for free distribution formed a compact and 
wonderfully comprehensive exhibit. 

Tne University of the City of ^ew York occupied alcove " H." 
Its exhibit was one of the most carefully prepared on the university 
aisle. Photograjjhs, charts, plans, publications, curriculnms, etc., fully 
illustrated the work of each department, but it excelled in tlie presen- 
tation of the work of its alumni. Most interesting and valuable were 
tlie earliest known sun-picture or daguerreotype of the human face, 
taken by John T\'. Draper ; early i^hotographic appliances used by hun 
in developing photos ; Henry Draper's photograph of the moon, 
nebulte of Orion, spectrum analysis, etc.; electrical apparatus de'^'ised 
by S. F. B. Morse and his co-worker, Prof. A. S. Yail, together with 
the oldest telegram in the world, sent from the university l>y Morse, 
January 24, 1S3S, as dictated by Gen. T. S. Cummings : "Attention, 
the universe ; by nations, right wlieel ; " words jesting, but certainly 
prophetic ; a law and medical lilirary written by the university staif, 
past and present, and photos of the late J. TV. Root, consulting archi- 
tect of the Columbian Exposition, and G-eorge B. Post, architect of the 
Manufactures Building, both of whom were graduates of the university. 
A valuable set of charts from the school of pedagogy on the history of 
education, evolution of tlie public school system, and other subjects 
were noteworthy. The exhiljit was in charge of Prof. Edward K. 
Shaw during July and August, the " educational months " of the fair. 

Yassar College occuj^ied 1.50 square feet in alcove " G." The exhibit 
was well chosen and compactly displayed. On a wing frame were 
pliotographs, courses of study, entrance examinations and adminis- 
trative forms ; on the wall statistical charts, work from the biological 
and zoological laboratories, and sj)ecimen rock cutting as done by Prof. 
Dwight's petrotome. A photograph of tliis famous machine was 
exhibited, as it was deemed impracticable to take the original apart and 
set it up at Chicago. A series of photographs of scenes and characters 
from the Greek play "' Antigone," as given at Yassar in the spring of 
1893, attracted much attention and recalled vividly the success of its 
scholarly and artistic production. A complete file of student pubhca- 
tions was sent on for reference, and catalogues and handbooks in 
abundance for free distribution. 

Colgate and Rochester Universities occupied the larger j^art of 
alcove '■ F,"' and their exhibits consisted mainly of photographs, courses 
of study and publications. Hamilton College and the College of the 
City of Xew York also had small exhibits in the same space. 

In alcove " D," next to the executive department of tlie University 
of the State of New York, were situated the exliibits of the endowed 
academies. Prominent among these were the Albany Academy ; 
Albany Girls' Academy ; Xew York Military Academy ; St. John's 
Military School, Manlius ; Riverview Academy, Pouglikeepsie ; Fort 
Edward Collegiate Institute ; St. Patrick's A.cadeiny, Catskill ; St. 
Josepli's Academy, Flushing, and La Salle Institute. Troy. Situated 
in this alcove also was the exliiliit of home-made apparatus, mention of 
which Is made under special features. 



460 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Alcove ■' C " was occupiea oy the high, schools, the chief contributors 
to which were the high schools of Albanj', Buffalo, Binghamton, 
Poughkeepsie, Rochester and Syracuse. The most noteworthy exhibits 
were a splendid collection of drawings from the Albany High School, 
which had been submitted for the Annesley art prize and the City prize, 
which are given annually ; specimens of manual training work illus- 
trating the system pursued in the boys' dejDartment of the Albany High 
School, and also the Sloyd system, practiced in the girls' department of 
the same school ; a graded system of manual training from Newburgh 
Free Academy ; a collection of rock and wood specimens from Broome 
county, contributed by the students of the Bingliamton High School, 
and a large memorial window etclied for the Bochester High School by 
its class in chemistry, as is the custom of each graduating class. 

Alcove " B " was assigned to private schools. No other State has so 
many or so good private schools as New York, and it was eminently 
fitting that they should receive recognition from the bureau, although 
they are not a part of the State school system. Some very fine exhibits 
were received, the best of which were the photographs, prize drawings, 
rock and mineral specimens and administrative forms and blanks from 
the Berkeley School, New York ; cabinet of geography and history 
charts and portfolios from Dr. Sacli's School for Girls, New York ; 
sewing from Mrs. Leojjold Weil's School, New York, and Christiansen 
Institute, Brooklyn. A graded course in sewing from the Industrial 
School of the Church of the Holy Communion, New York, was also 
highly instructive. 

Alcove " A," the last on the right of tlie New York aisle, contained 
the collective University Extension exhibit which was prepared by the 
bureau. It formed a comparative exhibit of the methods, administra- 
tion, forms, examinations, etc., from the extension department of the 
University of the State of New York, Univei'sitj' of Chicago, University 
of Edinburgh, People's Palace, London, Chautauqua and Catholic Sum- 
mer School of America. The exhibit of the University of the State of 
New York has already been spoken of. The Chautauqua exhibit was 
also veiy complete, and thoroughly presented the manner of conducting 
this organization. 

One-half of alcove " P " was occujaied by the splendid exhibit of the 
Workingman's School, which is conducted under the auspices of the 
Society for Ethical Culture. "The aims of this school, as tersely put by 
its chief promoter. Dr. Felix Adler, are " not merely to teach the three 
R's, nor to enable pupils to earn a living, nor to endow them with 
accomplishments, nor to make them merely intellectually efficient, but 
to build up manhood and womanhood. It is believed if the highest 
aim is achieved the lesser also will be attained incidentally." The 
scientific course of study and intelligent work displayed were among 
the most admired exhibits at the fair. A special feature of the school 
is its manual training, which is introduced in the lowest grades and 
developed throughout the course. Its objects are so concisely stated 
as to bear repetition here : To train eye and hand ; to develop the 
imagination ; to give definiteness to the elementary conceptions of 
geometry ; to furnish the pupils with tlie opjiortunity of making their 




Si 

O 
>- 

tu 

z 



Report ox the Educational Exhibit. 461 

own physical apparatus ; to inculcate the dignity of labor ; to foster 
those moral habits which manual work is specially calculated to 
produce. The exliibit was arranged by Dr. Max Groszman, superin- 
tendent of the school. 

In the same alcove was the photographic exliibit of the American 
Museum of Natural History, the phonograph and the overflow from 
the normal schools. The latter occupied almost one-half of alco^'e 
"Q."' Every school in the State was represented except Brockport. 
The largest and most complete exhibit was made by Oswego. It con- 
sisted of theses and discussions written by students on nearly every 
educational topic, educational M'orks written by the faculty and alumni, 
statistical charts, work from scientific and practice dejjartments, plioto- 
gra23hs, circulars, etc. The exhibit attracted much attention for its 
scientific vahie. The Cortland J^ormal School showed a fine collection of 
drawings, written and laboratory A\'ork ; the Buffalo [N^ormal School a full 
line of written work and photos. Other noteworthy exhibits were photo- 
graplis from Oneonta and Potsdam, and art work from Fredonia. A 
handbook, entitled '' State Training of Teachers," was comjjiled by a 
committee of normal school principals and distributed during tlie fair. 

The exhibit of the elementary schools, which occupied alcoves " S,"' 
" K " and one-half of " Q," would have been extremely meagre had it 
not been for the energetic action of New York city, which prepared a 
fine exliibit on veiy short notice. They were able to do this througli 
the broad policy of Donald McXaughton, at that time chief executive 
officer of the State Board of Managers, who granted the necessary funds 
for its preparation. Two of the alcoves were taken by K"ew York, 
one for the work of the regular course primary and grammar schools, 
and the other for the manual training primary and grammar schools. 
In number the latter comj^rise about one-third of the New York public 
schools. Their exhibit was under the supervision of the late Dr. Paul 
Hoffman, assistant superintendent of New York schools. The manual 
training course has only been in use among New York schools foi- four 
years, and was rapidly growing in popularity and usefulness under the 
talented and enthusiastic direction of Dr. Hoffman, who has had 
charge of the movement since its inception. By his course of study 
and admirably arranged specimens of work illustrating it, lie proved to 
the satisfaction of most critics tliat he had not only found the proper 
adjustment and relationship of manual training to other studies, but 
had also bridged the chasm which has engulfed so many widely-heralded 
plans between primary and secondary manual training. Progressive 
school work and New York city in particular, has lost a valuable servant 
by his u-ntiinely death. Dr. Hoffman had full charge of the arrange- 
ment of the New York city work, and was in attendance during May, 
July and August. 

Otlier cities which contributed an amount of work sufficient to give 
a thorough understanding of their elementary systems were Albany, 
Buffalo, Plattslnirgh, Pouglikeepsie, Pochester and Syracuse. 

Tlie kindergarten exhibit was prepared under the special supervision 
of the l)ureau. The most interesting feature was a series of tliirty 
bromide enlargements of instantaneous photographs of a typical kinder- 



462 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

garten. The views were carefully arranged to show the life of the 
children in their " morning talks," gifts, occupations and games through 
all tlie grades. A more gi-aphic representation of kindergarten life 
has never been made, and it Avas a revelation to many parents of the 
true spirit which actuates the kindergarten. The school which was 
taken as a type was Wasliingtori Grammar School, ISTo. 26, of Roches- 
ter, Col. S. P. Moulthrop, princijDal. A series of gift work jji-epared 
by the Albany puljlic kindergartens and tlie Teachers College Kinder- 
garten, and a sei'ies of twenty cards, illustrating color and science teach- 
ing, from the American Kindergarten of Mrs. E. M. Coe, 70 Fifth 
avenue, New York, were also features of the alcove. The chief con- 
tributors to the kindergarten display were the public schools of Albany, 
Port Chester, Rochester and Lansingburgli, the State Normal College 
of Albany, Teachers College of New York and the Elmwood School 
of Buffalo. 

Along both sides of the south gallery aisle additional space was 
granted for many attractive wall exhibits. Chief among these was a 
set of librai'y photographs, a large collection of graphic and printed 
charts prepared by the bureau, showing the status of public school 
education in the State, the educational map, and the line exhibit of 
the Rochester Athengeum and Mechanics' Institute in drawing, painting, 
modeling, etc. 

The exhibit of the New York Trade School was situated on this aisle, 
163 feet east of the main exhibit, among other trade and mechanical 
schools. It occupied an alcove of about 700 square feet and was filled 
with specimen work of its students in plumbing, blacksmithing, paint- 
ing, carpentry, stonecutting, bricklaying, printing and other trades. 
The work was of the highest character and reflected tlie greatest credit 
on the founders and officers of that institution. 

On the same aisle, seventy-five feet west of the main exhibit, space 
was assigned the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, of Troy, and Pratt 
Institute, Brooklyn. It is greatly to be regretted that their space 
was not contiguous to the main exhibit, but some of the regula- 
tions of the liberal arts department in reference to collective exhibits 
rendered it imjjossible. The displays of both institutions were in the 
highest degree artistic and creditable, the former for the evident 
thoroughness and solidity of the work which has made its name famous, 
the latter for the development of modern and progressive ideas in 
youth training in all the many dejjartments of the institution. 

Special Featuees. 

As before remarked. New York had all the usual exhibits of an 
educational nature, but was also particularly rich in its special features 
and new ideas. Chief among these were the following : 

Exhibit of Apparatus : Comprised under three heads : First, 
minimum set of scientific app'aratus which the University of the State 
of New York requires every school of academic grade to possess before 
it can be admitted to the University ; second, standard set of academic 
apparatus, which tlie University recommends to its schools and requires 
them to approximate as fast as practicable. Both of these sets were 



Repoet ox the Educatioxal Exhibit. 463 

carefully selected bv the inspectors of the University and formed an 
admiraljle basis for comparison with other States and countries. The 
apparatus was given to the exhibit bv Eimer & Amend of Xew York, 
vrith the condition that it was to be placed in the State Museum at the 
close of the exposition ; third, home-made aj)paratus, illustrating 100 
graded experiments in physics, chemistry and hygiene. The series 
iniglit have been extended indetiuitely, but enough was shown to 
accomplish the purpose of the bureau in planning it, viz., to prove 
wliat scliools of limited means can do to illustrate seientitic experi- 
ments. Prof. John F. TToodhull, of the Teachers College, su2)er\-ised 
its prejjaration. The practicality of the exhibit was widely recognized, 
and it had no rival in the exposition, either for intrinsic merit or 
interest attracted. 

Administrative Hanks and forms : These were collected from the 
schools, colleges, villages and cities of the State and formed a compara- 
tive exldbit of t!ie printed forms used in educational administration. 
The collection was of special value for information obtainable on 
reporting attendance and pupil's rank. It was the only complete 
exhibit of its kind at the fair. 

Charts : Of course the chart idea was extensively used in all exhibits, 
but no State or country even approached Xew York in the vast 
amount of information tabulated on these charts or in tlie artistic work- 
manship and variety of pictorial representation found in tlie graphic 
charts. Al)0ut twenty-five of the latter were made liy the best skilled 
draughtsmen and were models of beauty and compact information. 
Printed charts were in abundance and gave concise information on all 
topics. The total number of charts was 150. 

Uandhooks : A series of handbooks were prepared for free distribu- 
tion, giving the history, ecpiipment, courses of study and other 
infrjrmation concerning prominent institutions and educational systems 
of the State. The series numbered tifty-tliree. To secure uniformity 
the Ijiireau bore the expense of composition and press work. They 
were seven and .one-half by twelve and one-half centimeters iu size, 
printed on the best coated paper, illustrated by photo-engravings of 
high artistic merit and were beautiful and compact souvenir volumes 
of the fair. They were an absolutely unique feature and must in no 
way be associated with the usual publications and catalogues f urni.shed 
for free distribution. 

Educational map : A marvel of artistic work with pen and brush. 
It was fourteen feet square, and as a geographical map contained 
county and township outlines and cliief river and mountain systems. 
Tlie harmony of colors marking the counties and towns was highly 
artistic and attracted much favorable comment. On the ma]3 were 
indicated the location, grade and support of every educational institu- 
tion in the State under tlie University of the State of Xew York or 
Department of Public Instruction. The grade of an institution was 
indicated by the form of the .symbol, viz., a cross for a public elemen- 
tary school, a triangle for scliools of academic grade, a square for 
colleges, and a cii-cle for universities. Method of support, whetlier by 
public funds, tuition, endowment, or tuition and endowment both, wag 



464 New York at the "World's Colitmbian Exposition. 

shown by the color of the symbol. Many minor details were also 
brought out. The map was handsomely framed and attracted wide 
attention by its beauty, scientific key and graphic clearness with which 
it presented ISTew York's educational resources. The technical work 
was done by tlie scholars of the Albany High School, under the direc- 
tion of Di-awing Master T. C. ITailes. 

Phonograph : The result of the experiment of presenting an actual 
representation of the musical work of schools by means of the phono- 
graph was even more successful than its promoters hoped, and the value 
of that instrument for educational purposes received added proof. The 
methods of conducting class instruction and exercises were fully 
recorded, grade by grade, and the system illustrated b}' scores of songs 
and choruses. Albany, New York, Rochester and Syracuse were the 
representative cities selected to furnish tests. Wisconsin and Nebraska 
also used the phonograph for musical work, but New York's cylinders 
in number were double the others combined, and, in the opinion of the 
expert furnished by the North American Phonograph Company to 
inspect the machines, superior in quality. 

Historical exhibit : Tins exhibit while not perhaps strictly educa- 
tional was closely allied and formed an interesting and ■widely admired 
portion of the display. The principal part of it was contributed by 
the State Library and Columbia College. Prominent were fifteen oil 
paintings of the early champions of ]iopular education whose influence 
and fame were by no means confined to State boundaries. Among 
them were George Clinton, DeWitt Clinton, Samuel Johnson, Gideon 
Hawley, T. Pomeyn Beck, William Marcy and F. A. P. Barnard. 
Busts of Alexander Hamilton, William H. Seward, George Perkins 
and John T. Hoffman, done by Powers, Ives and other eminent sculp- 
tors were much admired. The links of the great chain stretched across 
the Hudson river at West Point during the Revolution to keep the 
British warships from ascending the river was easily the most popular 
exhibit in New York's territory. Charter to the Duke of York by 
Charles II, Major Andre's letters, emancipation proclamation, collec- 
tion of t«'enty-tive different photographs and engravings of Columbus, 
autograph letter of Washington and other relics and curios completed 
the disjjlay. 

Written worh : The written work which must necessarily form so 
large a part of the prav^ticaf exhibit of a school was of special value in 
New York's case for two reasons : First, the portion prej)ared by the 
schools was certified regular work of the classes and was not " improved " 
for the exposition. In many cases the class exercises were collected at 
the close of the day, the teacher's statement of the nature of the work 
prefixed and the matter then sent to the binders. The question of 
showing a few selected best papers, as the ideal towards which the 
school was aiming, did not commend itself to the advisory committee. 
Such an exhibit may make a, " good show," but it is not scientific. 
Neither is it valuable, for a person who does not know the character 
of the work receives a wrong impression of the standard of the school, 
and a person who does, examines it as a mere show piece and attaches 
no value to it. It was determined by the advisory conmiittee to 




-J 



> 



Kepoet on the Educational Exhibit. 4G5 

show the work of a wliole class in a subject as the rale and in no case 
to show the work of less than lialf the class. In every case the number 
of pupils in the class, and the number whose papers were exhibited 
were required to be stated ; second, the remaining portion of the 
written work consisted of answer papers to the Regents' examinations, 
held tliroughout the State three times a year. These papers after 
being sent to the Eegents' office, examined and recorded, were bound 
and placed in the exliibit. They served to show the Regents' system 
of examinations, as well as the standard maintained by the schools, 
were of undoubted genuineness, and consequently of more scientific 
value than any other collection of students' work. About 1,000 
volumes of written work were shown. 

Photographs : The photographic exhibit of the nature previously 
outlined, was the largest in the department, conij^rising no less than 
3,500 photographs, the smallest, with few excejations, being eight by 
ten inches and the majority eleven by fourteen inches. Jfothing gives 
a better idea of an institution than good photographs, and the series of 
splendid buildings here portrayed caused great admiration, sj^ecially 
from foreigners, for New York's schools. 

The complete system of signs, labels, numbers, indexes and cross- 
references to allied exhibits was a feature that caused New York to 
stand forth in striking contrast to other exhibits. The one general 
criticism on the fair was the lack of intelligible signs and explanations 
attache-d to exhibits. New York not only remedied this, but furnished 
a large staff of attendants who were alwaj's on hand to exj^lain the 
work to visitors. Nine persons were on duty during the whole of the 
fair, and in July and August, the educational months, a larger force 
was employed. The Universitj- of the City of New York, Rensselaer 
Polytechnic Institute, Pratt Institute, Chautauqua and Oswego Normal 
School kept attendants with their exhibits at their own expense. 
Among the general staff were attendants speaking the principal foreign 
languages, a provision much appreciated by trans-Atlantic visitors. 

The exhibit was also made the headquarters for New York people 
in the south end of the grounds. Reading tables, writing desks and 
postal and telegraph facilities were among the means employed for this 
purpose. 

Under the head of special features mention should be made of the 
naval expedition of St. John's Military School, Manlius, to the exposi- 
tion. A large lake steamer was chartered and fitted for the trijj ; about 
100 cadets and oflicers sailed in her. The ship left Buffalo the latter 
part of June and lay off the shore of Jackson Park during the first lialf 
of July. Naval regulations and discipline prevailed throughout the 
entire voyage and it will readily be appreciated that it was the only 
kind of expedition that could succeed where careful supervision of 
a large school of boys was undertaken. 

Another noteworthy enterpi'ise was the presentation of the Latin play, 
" The Two Captives," by Plautus, by the students of the College of 
St. Francis Xavier, New York, an institution under the University of 
the State of New York. It was given before a critical audience at 
Music Hall, October nineteenth and twentieth, with decided success. 

59 



466 J^EW YoKK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Yaltte of an Educational Exhibit. 

"What can you exhibit in school work and of what use is such an 
exhibit ? These are not unnatural questions from any one who has 
given the subject little thought, and were asked many times during the 
last two years. It is certain that those who visited the liberal arts 
department at the Chicago Exposition bore away a satisfactory auswer 
to the first question, and it is almost as certain that any one who exam- 
ines the foregoing papers or the catalogue appended will receive an 
equal enlightenment. The latter question, however, is not so capable of 
ocular demonstration and will bear discussion. 

The chief value of an educational exhibit is the opj^ortunity of com- 
parison. Courses of study, teaching methods and administrative 
methods from different parts of the State, the country and the world 
are arranged side b}' side ; whatever is excellent secures a world-'wide 
currency, whatever is bad is buried ; rival systems are subjected to the 
closest scrutiny and many an "ism," fad or crotchet secures the stamp 
of legitimacy or the rejection of dross. There is the closest analog)' to 
a commercial fair, the value of which is universally recognized. There 
is the same interchange of ideas, and of ideas illustrated by commodi- 
ties, even if not the actual barter and sale of such commodities. It is 
not the commodity which produces the lasting benefit, but the idea 
which it represents. 

The opportunity of studying the effect of innovations and experi- 
ments tried in other places is of great value. A school cannot evolve 
from its own life all the methods necessary for its best development, 
noi' can it afford time to try all new features, however j)romising. One 
or two it may develop and contribute to the common good, but the rest 
it must take ready made from its compeers. 

The great number of minor ideas in teaching methods, school 
machinery, school furniture, school books, etc., that are caught up and 
spread broadcast throughout the land are a positive benefit. One little 
change may be all that is effected in the individual school, but the sum 
total is enormous. ISTot a thing on exhibition, however small, but 
caused an expression of surprise from some visitor and a copying into a 
note book for future use. 

From an historical point of view such an exhibit is invaluable : First, as 
showing the methods now in vogue compared with those of former 
years; and, second, as a base of comparison in future years. Wliat 
would we not give for such a collection made twenty-five and fifty years 
ago ? What a graphic history of education a series of such collections 
would present 1 

Incidental advantages of an exhibit are many. Prominent is the 
value to the institution itself of jjreparing such an exliibit. The 
interest aroused, the healthy rivalry excited and the deep concern in 
success or failure are high incentives to school loyalty and industry. 
When a pupil's interest is gained the battle is won, and a public exhibi- 
tion is a device often used to stimulate flaggiug enei-gy. 

National, State and local pride are strong factors in the jDreparation 
of an exhibit, and though indirectly valuable to education itself, must 



Kepoet ox the EDrcATioxAL Exhibit. 467 

not be ignored in the argument. There is no reason why an esjr/'it de 
corps should not exist in schools and render them invincible, as in a 
battalion. 

The opportunity of winning the widest jjossible recognition of special 
and noteworthy features is of direct adTantage to any school. It is a 
proper and commendable motive, notwithstanding an inclination in 
certaiu quarters to repress it. One of the most amusing features in the 
preparation of the exhibit was the anxiety of certain schools to be well 
advertised without appearing to advertise. There is no reason why a 
good school should hide its light under a bushel. 

Such are some of the most apparent reasons why an educational 
exhibit is of value and why a permanent one should be maintained at 
every State's educational center. Those teachers who did not visit 
Chicago, or who, being there, failed to study the educational depart- 
ments, missed an opportunity for improvement greater than they would 
care to acknowledge. 

The transfer of Xew York's exhibit to the State Museum cannot fail 
to be of great benefit to the school interests of the State. The science 
of pedagogy is advancing I'apidly. !N^o man is now regarded as a com- 
petent teacher unless he possesses the ability to correctly gauge and 
analyze the pupil's mind and prescribe a proper course, just as a 
physician would diagnose the child's physical condition. To do this 
successfully the teachers of the State must have a museum where tbey 
can keep in touch with the latest methods and discoveries tabulated 
and collected from all parts of the world. With the splendid facilities 
at the disposal of the State Museum for collection and investigation, 
there is no reason why, with proper support from the Legislature and 
Board of Eegents, a pedagogic department should not be built up sec- 
ond to none in the world. 

AWAEDS. 

The New York educational exhibit received careful attention fi-om 
the judges and won seventy awards, a number far exceeding that of 
any other State. The awards were divided as follows : One to the 
exhibit as a whole, seven to the University of the State of Xew York, 
sixteen to colleges and universities, thirteen to academies and high 
schools, six to normal schools, nine to elementary schools of city sys- 
tems, four to collective city systems, including both elementary and 
high schools, eight to private schools and six to miscellaneous features. 
Xew York schools were also foremost in the collective Catholic exhibit, 
winning no less than ninety-six awards. There is, unfortunately, no 
b.i.-is of comparison between the number of awards granted the 
purochial schools and those granted the public schools, inasmuch as 
each parochial or private school miglit receive an award, since it is 
under a separate government, while in a city like Rochester, for 
example, whose exhibit was made up by 100 elementary schools and 
one high "school, only two awards could be granted under a department 
rulinii:, which held that city systems must be treated as a unit. 

Xew York also received one award for institutions for blind, one for 
feeble-minded, one for deaf mutes, two for business schools and three 



468 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



for art schools. This makes a grand total of ITi awards for New 
York's educational institutions. 

The following awards were granted by the World's Columbian 
Exposition to schools and colleges exhibiting under the auspices of the 
educational bureau : 



Albany Academy, Albany. 

Albany Public Schools (Higb School). 

Albany Public Schools (Elementary 
schools). 

Albion Public Schools (Collective 
exhibit). 

American Museum Natural History, 
New Yorlv city. 

Berkcle}' School, New Yorli city. 

Binghaniton Public Schools (High 
School). 

Buffalo Normal School. 

Buffalo Public Schools (Elementary 
schools). 

Buffalo Public Schools (High School). 

Buffalo Seminary, Buffalo. 

Children's Aid Society, New York city. 

Christian Brothers Academj', Albany. 

Christiansen Institute. Brooklyn. 

Coe, Miss E. M. (American Kinder- 
garten), New York city, 

Cohoes Public Schools (Collective 
exhibit). 

College of the City of New York, New 
York city. 

Colgate Universit}', Hamilton. 

Columbia College, New York city. 

Cornell University, Ithaca. 

Cortland Normal School. 

Fredonia Normal School. 

Harrison, William B. (chairs and desks). 
New York city. 

Industrial School, Church Holy Com- 
munion, New York city. 

Lausingburgh Public Schools (Collec- 
tive exhibit). 

La Salle Institute, Troy, 

McClelland, Miss Mary, inventor, Al- 
banj' Normal, 

New York City Public Schools (Gram- 
mar schools). 

New York City Public School (Manual 
training). 

New" York City Public Schools (Pri- 
mary schools). 

New York City Public Schools (Relief 
maps). 

New York Military Academy, Corn- 
wall-on-Hudsou. 

New York State (Collective exhibit), 
. Albau}-. 

New Y'"ork State Library, Albany. 



New York State Library School, 
Alban}'. 

New York State Musetim, Albany. 

New Y^ork State Normal Schools, 
Albany. 

New York Trade School, New York 
city. 

Niagara University, Buffalo, 

Normal College, New York citj'. 

Oswego Normal School, (Collective ex- 
hibit). 

Oswego Normal School (works of fac- 
ulty and alumni). 

Port Chester Public Schools (Collective 
exhibit). 

Poughkeepsie Public Schools (Elemen- 
tary schools). 

Poughkeepsie Pubhc Scliools (High 
School). 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (gen- 
eral), Troy. 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (bridge 
designs), Troy. ^ 

Rochester Athenoeum and Mechanics' 
Institute (Collective exhibit), Rochester. 

Rochester Athenwum and Mechanics' 
lustitute (drawings), Rochester. 

Rochester Public Schools (Elementary 
schools). 

Rochester Piiblic Schools (High School). 

Rochester Universit}', Rochester. 

Sach's, Dr., School, New York city. 

St. Agues School. Albany. 

St. Catherine's Hall, Brooklyn. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing. 

St. Miry's Academy. Ogdensburg. 

St. Patrick's Academy, C'atskill. 

Syracuse Public Schools (Elementary 
schools). 

S3'racuse Public Schools (High School). 

Teachers College, New York city. 

University of the City of New York, 
New York city. 

University of the State of New York 
(General, Administrative department, Ex- 
aminations department, Universit}' exten- 
sion). Albany. 

Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. 

Workingman's School, New York city. 

Weil's, Mrs. Leopold, School, New York 
city. 



Diplomas. 

Tlie wording of the diploma granted the New York educational 
exhibit as a \\'hole, and of the seven granted the University of the 




> 
z 

3 



Report on the Educational Exhibit. 469 

State of 'New York, as stated by the findings of the judges and juries 
of awards, are as follows : 

To the educational exliiljit of the State of New York an award is 
granted for the following speciiie points of excellence : 

1. Comprehensiveness : In jjresenting a systematic exhiliit of educa- 
tional methods and results in all dejjartments from kindergarten to uni- 
versity, including all institutions of secondary, superior and profes- 
sional instruction under the Regents of the University, and all schools, 
primary, grammar or normal, under the direction of the Superintend- 
ent of Public lustruction. 

2. Installation : In point of tine ecjuipment for display and artistic 
arrangement of exhibits, covering 12,000 square feet of iioor space, with 
handsome oak furniture and partitioning, the body of the walls being 
upholstered with purpJe, the State color. 

3. Arrangement : A graded classification, thus presenting year by 
year a collective and comparative exhibit of school work from all parts 
of the Sta_te ; its arrangement also typifies the organization, peculiar to 
New York, of departments and institutions. 

4. Complete system of signs, labels, numbers, indexes and cross-ref- 
erences to allied exhibits. 

5. Efficient management in providing a large corps of expert attend- 
ants and interpreters, speaking the principal foreign languages, and in 
the many provisions for making the exhibit the headquarters for jN'e\y 
York educators. 

6. Kindergarten and elementary schools : A complete exposition of 
the organization, government and work of the kindergarten, ]3rimary 
and grammar grades from the scliools of Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, 
Cohoes, New York, Plattsburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, Syracuse, 
and many other places. 

7. Schools of academic grade : Photographs, specimen work and 
courses of study from over 300 academies, high schools and union 
schools under tlie Universit}- of the State of New York ; also, a similar 
display from many of the best private schools of the State. 

8. Normal schools : Photographs, illustrative work, courses of study, 
methods and teaching devices from eleven normal schools. 

9. Colleges and universities : Photographic, historical, statistical and 
literary displays from the following institutions : Columbia College, 
University City of New York. Cornell University, Hamilton College, 
Yassar College, Colgate University, Uni^-ersity of Rochester, Teachers 
College, College City of Xew York, and Normal College. 

10. Technical schools : Photographic, historical and statistical dis- 
plays, together with specimen work of all depai-tments from Rens- 
selaer Polytechnic Institute, Pratt Institute, New York Trade School 
and Rochester Athenieum and Mechanics' Institute. 

11. University of the State of Now York: An extensive and syste- 
matic exhiliit of the organization, government and methods of each of 
the six departments, viz.. executive, examinations, extension. State 
Library, State Museum and ]>ublic libraries. 

12. University extension : A valuable collective exhibit of forms, 
methods and examinations from the University of the State of New 



470 IfEW YoEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

York, Chaiitanqna, Catholic Summer School of America, University 
of Chicago, University of Edinburgh, People's Palace, London, and 
many other foreign and domestic societies and departments. 

13. Photographic exhibit: Three thousand fi ve hundred photographs 
of school grounds, exteriors, interiors, groups, classes at work, etc. 

14. Written work : Nine hundred volumes of specimen work of stu- 
dents in all grades, specially valuable because certiiied as regular work 
of the classes and not " improved " for exhibition. 

15. Phonograph : Giving reproductions of the methods of teaching 
music, with illustrative songs, choruses, etc., from the schools of 
Albany, New York, Rochester and Syracuse. 

16. Manual training exhibit : A. graded display of models and 
methods from Albany High School, Newbnrgh Free Academy^ New 
York city public schools and Teachers College. 

17. Apparatus : (a) Minimum and standard sets of approved scien- 
tific apparatus required by the University of the State of New York 
for schools of academic grade. (I/) Graded display of models of 
" home-made '' apparatus for illustrating scientific experiments. 

IS. Administrative blanks and forms : A comparative exhibit col- 
lected from the cities, towns, schools and colleges of the State. 

19. Charts : One hundred and fifty handsomely executed graphic 
and printed wall charts, showing the history and present organization 
of education in New York. 

20. Handbooks: A series of fifty-three handbooks, artistically printed 
and illustrated, giving the history, equipment, courses of study and 
other information concerning prominent institutions of the State. 

21. Educational map : Showing the location, grade and support of 
every educational institution under the University of the State of New 
York and Department of Public Instruction. 

22. Large collection of historical relics, curios, paintings and busts 
connected with education in New York. 

To the University of the State of New York an award is granted for 
its collective exhibit : 

1. For excellence and comprehensiveness in the exhibit of the five 
great departments — executive, examinations, extension, lilirary and 
museum. 

2. For an exhibit of the workings of a system by which the University 
of the State may incorporate and supervise universities, colleges, pro- 
fessional and technical schools, academies, high schools, libraries, 
museums, nniversity extension centers and similar agencies, and by 
which it aims to maintain and protect the standard of academic honors 
and degrees and to prevent the use of the name "nniversity" or 
" college " b}' schools without suitable facilities or powers, and to com- 
bine the advantages of central organization and supervision with entire 
freedom for individual and local initiative. 

3. For a series of busts and portraits of the Regents of the LTniversity 
and for printed documents furnishing a roll of citizens of New York, 
distinguished in State and National affairs, who have served witliout 
salary as Regents of the LTniversity from its organization in 1781. 



Report on the Educational Exhibit. 471 

4. For the University Convocation of the State of ISTew York for its 
organization, methods and tlie educational valne of its annual con- 
ferences as recorded in t'le thirtv-one volnmes from 1S03 to lS9o. 

5. For model desks, tables and office equipment, designed to afford 
a inaximum of working convenience at small cost and in limited space. 

To tlie administrative department of the University of the State of 
New York : 

1. For a collective pliotographic exhibit of 2,000 pictures illustrative 
of the -iSJr teaching institutions in the University, and for sixty plioto- 
graplis illustrative of the live departments of the University. 

2. For the exhibit of impirovements in office labor-saving methods 
and appliances, and for adnunistrative forms skillfully adapted to the 
peculiar work of the University and serving as efficient safeguards 
against accidental or intentional irregularities. 

3. For valuable historical records and a series of printed and graphic 
charts, giving a survej^ of the entire educational work of the Univei'sitv. 

4. For a series of annual reports since 1TS4, based on sworn returns 
from the institutions of the University, and specially for recent vol- 
umes, including a valualile exhibit of blanks, forms and methods for 
collecting full and accurate information, and for digesting and tabulat- 
ing the same. 

5. For a series of twenty-nine volumes on the zoology, botany, 
paleontology and natural resources of New York, as illustrating the 
progressive development of a survey of the resources of the State. 

6. For a system of frequent printed bulletins issued in advance of 
the annual reports, thus giving early information of the proceedhigs of 
educational meetings and of legislation enacted or considered by any 
Legislature affecting educational institutions directly or indirectly. 

7. For a series of pocket handbooks, giving compact, official informa- 
tion, with photographic illustrations of prominent educational institu- 
tions of the State. 

To the examinations department of the University of the State of 
New York : 

•1. For excellence in the system of Regents' examinations to deter- 
mine the standard of graduation froni elementary to academic grade, 
and to test tlie instruction given by teachei's in a way to stimulate the 
best work and the use of improved methods without impairing indi- 
viduality in teaching. 

2. For a carefully elaborated system of higher examinations offering 
official tests in over 400 localities, in all college and university studies, 
by examiners appointed from unix'ersity and college faculties, success- 
ful candidates receiving credentials under seal from the University of 
the State. 

3. For excellence of administrative methods by which examinations 
are prepared, conducted, recorded and recognized by graded creden- 
tials in a way designed to secure a maximum of valuable results with a 
minimum of the evils attending examinations. 

4. For excellence of the system of credentials comprising a series of 



4Y2 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

fifty-one pass cards, certificates and diplomas, and for the artistic 
engraving and lettering of the same. 

5. For methods of examinations for law and medical students, 
whereby tlie standard of admission to law and medical schools and 
graduation from the same lias been raised, and for the registration and 
licensing system intended to protect the public against incompetency 
and fraud. 

6. For over 20,000 answer papers in 200 bound volumes showing 
excellence of the work in over 100 subjects in academies, professional 
schools and extension centers. 

To the extension department of the University of the State of New 
York: 

1. For the educational system of the State which recognizes exten- 
sion teaching, summer, vacation and correspondence schools, libraries, 
museums and other agencies for giving to adults at home and through' 
life educational advantages which have usually been limited to the. 
young and to those with time and means to attend to the ordinary 
teaching institutions. 

2. For the exhibit of syllabuses, extension libraries, examinations, 
bound answer pajiers from extension students (including point print 
papers from the State Institution for the Blind), bulletins, circulars, 
charts and administrative forms illustrating the thorough oi'ganizatiou 
of the various extension interests into a single department of the 
University. 

3. For tlie comj^arative exhibit, illustrating by photographs, forms 
and various publications, the methods used by the leading extension 
organizations at home and abroad, especially by the two National sum- 
mer schools, Chautauqua and the Catholic Summer School of America. 

To the New York State Library for its extensive and valuable 
publications : 

1. For the systems of bulletins making the resources of the library 
known, and serving as a guide to smaller libraries in selecting, cata- 
loguing and classifying. 

2. For its annual volumes of summaries of comparative legislation, 
giving clear, compact statements of eveiy law on every subject, 
enacted in any State of the Union during the last session of its 
Legislature. 

3. For the extensive exhibit of blanks and forms illustrating most 
efllcieiit and economical metiiods of library administration. 

■i. For charts, tables, summaries and indexes of the decimal classifi- 
cation used in the State Library, illustrating the efiiciency and economy 
of the system, and the co-operation in cataloguing and bibliographic 
. work, made possible by the wide adoption of the system in this country 
and abroad. ^- 

5. For a prompt and inexpensive method of distribution of National, . 
State and other desirable publications to the libraries of New York 
through the duijlicate department, and for its general use as a clearing 
house for the libraries of the State. 



Eepoet on the Educational Exhibit. 473 

6. For the system of traveling libraries, by which any community 
maj' borrow from the State for six months a carefully selected library, 
either general or on subjects of special interest to that locality, with 
annotated, prhited catalogues and suitable cases and charging systems, 
thus increasing the efhciency of State aid by the itinerant princijile 
which gives each community, at a minimum cost, a fresh hbrary twice 
each year. 

To the New York State Library School : 

1. As the first school in the world established for the professional 
training of cataloguers, librarians and assistants in the most approved 
methods of liljrary work, and for the comparative study of hbrary 
economy and bibliography. 

2. For the system of giving instruction and advice from the State 
Library School, jjersonally and by correspondence, to those interested 
in the establishment or improvement of any free library of the State. 

3. For a series of fifty-nine printed and bound volumes, illustrating 
the quantity and superior quality of work by the alumni and non- 
graduates of the school since its opening in 18S7. 

i. For extensive and valuable manuscript work by its students, 
including bibliographies, theses, annotated and illustrated reading lists, 
note books, charts, tables, forms, summaries and indexes. 

5. For the excellence of plan and beauty of execution in the 
exhibit of comparative cataloguing rules, showing the treatment of 
each point by each of the leading authorities. 

To the New York State Museum : 

1. For its extensive and valuable scientific publications, includ- 
ing memoirs, bulletins, annual reports since 1847, and specially for 
recent bulletins on building stones, mineral resources, salt industries, 
insects injurious to vegetation, and similar scientific treatises of practi- 
cal economic value. 

2. As an integral part of the educational system of the University, 
whereby specimens are given or loaned to schools, and opportunity for 
special study is offered at tlie museum, with limited instruction durmg 
vacations to teachers of science. 

60 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT L, LIBERAL ARTS. 



COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. 

GEOUP 14-9. EDUCATION. 



Arademy of the Sacred Heart, Syra- 
cuse. — Photographs, 9; Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Addisou Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol,; photographs, 2. 

Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn. — Photo- 
graphs, 3, 

Adams Collegiate Institute. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Afton Union School. — Regents' papers, 
3 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Akron Union School. — Regents' papers, 
3 vols. 

Albany Academy. — Ajiparatus used by 
Prof. Henry in develo]iing the telegraph, 
5 pieces; Beck Literary Society, 3 frames; 
course of study, 7 charts; photographs, 3 
larse; photoiiraphs, 10; Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Albany Female Academy. — One his- 
torical chart; one frame photographs; 
handbooks; photographs, 1; prize book 
awarded in 1819. 

Albany High School. — Drawings, de- 
signs, etc., 347; photographs, 0; manual 
training, boys' dejiart men t; manual train- 
ing, girls' department; papers in Latin, 
algebra, geometry, trigonometry and Eng- 
lish literature, "> vols.; Regents' papers, 5 
vols.; architect's plans and elevations. 

AUiany Law School. — Photographs, 1. 

Albany Medical Department. — Photo- 
graphs. L 

Albany Normal College. — Photographs, 
8. Kindergarten — clay modeling, 13 
pieces; photographs, 1; pupils' work, 187 
pieces. 

Albany Public Schools, — Kindergarten 
— clay modeling, 63 pieces; photographs, 
3; photographs of gift Avorlc, 3; pupils' 
work, 69 pieces. Elementary schools — 
photograplis, 39; written work, arithtuc- 
tic, 3vols. ; drawing, 13 vols. ; geography, 
3 vols.; history and physiology. 1 vol.; 
language, 3 vols, ; designs, 30; forms and 
blanks, 31; statistics, 1 frame; bust of 
Columbus made by Edwin JlcCartan, 
aged 13 years, with photograiih of artist. 

Albany. — (See. also, Cathedral Acadeifiy, 
Christian Brothers' Academy, Cotrell & 
Leonard. St. Agnes' School, St. Joseph's 
Academy. 1 

Albion High School, — Photographs, 3; 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 



Albion L^nion School, — Catalogue 
(1893); drawing, 16 pieces; forms and 
Ijlanks, 19 pieces; written work in mathe- 
matics, language and science, 1 vol.; 
written work in arithmetic, language, 
geography and IT. S. history, 1 vol. 

Alexander Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 3 vols.; photographs. 1. 

Alfred LTniversity. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol.; photographs, 14; photographs, 3 
albums. 

Allegany LTnion School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Allegany.— (See St. Bonaventure's Col- 
lege.) 

Alien School, New York. — DraAvings, 6. 

A. M. Chesbrough Seminary, North 
Chili. — Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photo- 
gi-aphs, 4. 

American IMuseum Natural History, 
New York. — Photographs, 10 large. 

American Society for the Extension of 
LTniversit_y Teaching. — Circulars; forms 
and blanks, 30; periodicals, 3 vols,; hand- 
book, 1 vol.; proceedings of national con- 
ference, 1 vol.; syllabuses, 3 vols. 

Amsterdam Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Amsterdam LTnion School, No. 8. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Amsterdam L'^nion School. No. 11. — Re- 
gents' papers. 1 vol. 

Amsterdam Public Schools. — Forms 
and blanks, 11; Regents' papers, 1 vol, 

Amsterdam Union Free School, No, 8. 
— Course of stud.y, pam. 

Amsterdam. — (See, also, St. Marj-'s 
Catholic Institute.) 

Andes Collegiate Institute. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Andover Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Angola Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 3 vols. 

Angola Academy. — Photographs, 3; 
prospectus, 

Annandale. — (See St. Stephen's Col- 
lege.) 

"\.rgvlc LTnion School. — Regents' papers, 
Ivoh" 

Arcade Union School. — Regents' 
pajiers, t vol. 

Atlanta and North Cohoctou L'niou 
School, — Regents' papers, 1 vol. 



Kepoet on the Educatioxal Exhibit. 



475 



Attica Union School. — Photographs, 1; 
Regents' work. 1 vol. 

Auburn Public Schools. — Forms and 
blanks, 14 pieces. 

Auburn Theological Seminary. — Pho- 
tographs, 2; handbooks. 

Ausable Forks Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Aurora. — (See Wells College.) 

Avon Union School. — Written work, 1 
vol. 

Babylon Union School. — Photographs, 
1 : Regents' papers. 1 vol. 

Bainbridge Union School. — Photo- 
graphs., 1; Kcgenis' papers, 1 vol. 

Baldwiusville Academy. — Circular. 1 
pamphlet; written work, graded, 2 vols.; 
Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Bardeen, C. W., Syracuse. — Handbook, 
"Educational Journals of Kew York;" 
para., " Historj' of Educational Journal- 
ism in !Xew York;" "School Bulletin," 
copies for distribution. 

Barnard School, New York. — Forms 
and blanks. 9 pieces; maps, 2; written 
work in language, mathematics and pen- 
manship, 1 vol.; photogiaphs. 7. Pub- 
lications — Catalogues, 1S87-1893, 6pams. ; 
circular, 1891 ; commencement program, 
1891; " dramaticale" program, 1891. 
Publications of students — Baruardaion, 
1892-1893, 1 vol.; Barnard "Brie," 1888- 
1892, 1 vol. 

Batavia Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; catalogue, 1891-1892, 1 
p-im. 

Batavia Public Schools. — Forms and 
blanks, 4. 

Bath. — (See Haverling Union School.) 

Bath-on-the-IIudson Union School. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol.; maps, 3; photo- 
graphs, 3. 

Bay Shore Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Bedford Academy, Brooklyn. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; photographs athletic exer- 
cises. 9. 

Belmont Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

IJelleville. — -(See Union Academy of 
Belleville.) 

Berkeley School, New York. — Draw- 
ings, 21; penmanship, 9 pages; mineral 
specimens, 1 showcase: photographs, 37; 
prize drawings, 26; administrative forms, 
blanks and programs, 3 frames (large). 

Berkshire, District No. 4. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Binghamton High School. — Construc- 
tions in geometry. 1 showcase; architects' 
plans. 3; written work in English history 
and composition, 2 vols.; Regents' paper.s, 
2 vols. ; rock specimens and wood speci- 
mens from Broome county, 1 sliowcase. 

Binghamton Public Schools. — Claj' 
modeling, 121 pieces; course of study, 1 



pam. ; forms and blanks, 21 ; maps, 
4; written work in language and science, 

1 vol.; paper cutting and stick laying, 44 
pieces; photographs, 12; report of board 
of education, 1891, 1 pam. 

Binghamton, — (See, also, St. Joseph's 
Academy.) 

Brasher and Stockholm Union School. — 
Photographs. 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Brasher Falls. — (See St. Joseph's 
Academy.) 

Brcarley School, New York. — Year 
book, 1892-1893, 1 pam. 

Brewerston School, Cicero. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Brewster Union School. — Written work, 

2 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Bridge Hampton Institute. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. 

Briggs Place School, Rochester. — 
Photographs, 1. 

Brookfield Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

Brooklyn Board of Education. — An- 
nual reports, 1887-1893, 6 vols.; statistical 
charts, 3; photographs, 83. 

Bolivar Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Boonville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 
Sciences. — Architects' plans, 6; year 
books, 1888-1892, 4 vols. 

Brooklj-n Pol}'technic Institute. — 
Photographs. 16. 

Brooklyn. — (See, also, Adelphi Acad- 
eni}-, Bedford Academy, Christiansen 
Institute, Convent of the Visitation, St. 
Catharine's Flail.) 

Brocton Union School. — Regent's pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Buffalo High School. — Botanical draw- 
ings and herbariums, 3 vols.; drawings, 
maps, designs, 50 frames; Humane So- 
ciety, 1 vol.; maps, 20; note books on 
physiology, 2 vols.; written work in Eng- 
lish, 1 vol,; written work in mathematics, 
geography, languages, history and draw- 
ing, 4 vols.; Regents' papers, 15 vols.; 
societies, 1 vol. 

Buffalo Kindergarten. — Clay modeling, 
79 pieces; photographs, gift work, 6; 
pupils' work. 256 pieces. 

Buffalo Normal School, — Chemistry, 
liiboratory notes, 2 vols.; syllabus of 
work, 1 vol.; written work", 13 vols.; 
photographs, 14. 

Buffalo Public Schools. — Drawings, 1 
vol.; geometry work, 21 pieces; map 
drawing, 1 vol.; music, 1 vol.; written 
work, grades 1-9, 9 vols.; German, 2 
vols.; written work, language, map 
drawing, physiology, 1 vol.; photo- 
graphs, 2 albums; drawing, designing, 
etc., 100 frames; water colors, 3; manual 
training woodwork, 2 showcases. 



476 



New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Buffalo Seminary. — Note books, 3 vols.; 
written work in English, drawing and 
geometr}', 6 portfolios; photographs, 4. 

Buffalo Universit}', Medical Depart- 
ment. — Photographs, 3. 

Buffalo. — (See, also, Canisius College, 
Elmwood School, Le Couteaulx St. 
Marj^'s Institution, Niagara University, 
Elmwood School, Franklin and Buffalo 
Kindergarten.) 

Caldwell, District No. 6.— Photo- 
graphs, i. 

C'ambridge Union School. — Written 
work, 1 vol.; sand relief maps, 6. 

Camden Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Camden Public School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Canajoharie Union School. — Drawing, 
1 vol. ; Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; written 
work, 1 vol. 

Canandaigua Academy. — Photographs, 
1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Canandaigua Union School. — Form.s 
and blanks, 36 pieces; photographs, 1; 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Canastota Union School. — Drawings, 
6; Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; wild tlowers 
of Canastota, 1 vol. 

Canaseraga Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Candor Free Academy.— Regents' pa- 
per.?, 3 vols. ; photographs, 3. 

Canisius College, Buffalo. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Canisteo Academy. — Regents' papers; 
photographs, 1. 

Canton Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Canton. — (See St. Lawrence Uni- 
versity.) 

Carmel. — (See Drew Seminary.) 

Carthage Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Cary Collegiate Seminary, Oakfield. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol.; written work, 
1 vol.; photographs, 3. 

Castile Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Castleton, District No. 6. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Cathedral Academy, Albany. — Written 
work, 2 vols.; Regents' papers, 3 vols.; 
photographs, 2. 

Cathedral School of St. Paul, Garden 
City. — Photographs, 8. 

Catholic Summer School of America, 
Plattsburgh. — Forms and blanks, 18; plan 
of grounds; prospectus, 1893; publica- 
tions, 7 pams. 

Cato, District No. 5. — Photographs, 1. 

Catskill Free Academy.— Regents' 
work, 1 vol. 

Catskill.— (See St. Patrick's Academy.) 

Cattaraugus Union School. — Regents' 
work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 



Cattaraugus Reservation, Indian 
Schools. — Photographs, 4; written work, 

I vol. 

Cazenovia Seminary. — Oldest magneto- 
electric machine used for school instruc- 
tion; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photo- 
graphs, 4. 

" Central Chautauqua Assembly Grounds, 
Fremont, Neb. — Photographs, 1 album. 

Central Square Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

Chamberlain Institute. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. ; drawings, 6 frames; photo- 
graphs, 5. Publications — Alumni Asso- 
ciation Record of the Fortieth Commence- 
ment, 1890. 

Chandler Adjustable Desk and Seat. 

Charlotte Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

Charts. — Statistical and descj'iptive of 
New York's educational history; graphic, 
25; printed, 13.5. 

Chatham Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; history of New York by E. 
G. Brown, with illustrations. 

Chautauqua University. — Model of hall 
of philosophy, descriptive charts, 4; cal- 
endar; circulars; circulars and blanks, 8 
vols.; curriculums, books, seals and 
badges; text books, courses of advanced 
reading; handbooks; map of Chautau- 
qua; map of United States showing loca- 
tion of reading circles; map of the world 
showing Chautauqua circles.; memorial to 
Chancellor Vincent ; photographs, 38 ; 
photographs of circles and assemblies, 

II albums; scrap book, 1 vol. 
Chateaugay Union School. — Regents' 

papers, 1 vol. 

Cherry Valley Academy. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Chester Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Chicago University — in University Ex- 
tension division. — Specimen publications, 
forms and blanks, 108 pieces. 

Christian Biblical Institute, Stanford- 
ville. — Photographs, 3. 

Chi'istian Brothers' Academy, AlbanJ^ 
— Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 
8. 

Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn. — 
Drawing and penmanship books, forms 
and blanks, 14; handbooks; kindergarten 
Avork, 13 fi'ames; sewing, 1 showcase; 
animal map of zones; produce map of 
Europe; written work, 1 vol. 

Cincinnatus Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Claverack Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; catalogues, 9 pams ; drawings, 3; 
forms and blanks. 3; handbooks; paint 
ings, 4; photographs, 18. Student pub- 
lications, " The Vidette," vols. 1 and 2. 

Clay ville Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. 










> 

5 

;3 



jr' 



Report ox tiik EnrcATiONAi- Exhibit. 



477 



Clayton Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Cliutou Liberal Institute. Fort Plain. — 
Photographs, 47; Re.irents' [lapers. 1 vol. 

Clinton Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Clinton. — (See Ilamiltou College, 
Houghton Seminary.) 

Clyde High School.— Regents' papei-s, 
1 voh 

Coe, Jlrs. E. il.. New York. — Ameriam 
Kindergarten ^Magazine, 4 vols.: charts 
for science and color teaching, ;{2; kinder- 
garten material. \'2 boxes. 

Cohoes High School (Kgbert's). — AVrit- 
tcn Avork in astronomy: chemistry and 
literature, 1 vol. 

Cohoes Kindcrg.irten. — Clay modeling, 
10 pieces; photographs, 6; pupils' work, 
17 pieces. 

Cohoes Public Schools. — Clay model- 
ing, WS pieces; primary written work, 1 
vol.: grammar written work, 1 vol ; draw- 
ing. 1 vol. 

Cohoes. — (See St. Bernard's Acad- 
emy.) 

Cobleskill Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Colgate Academy, Hamiltcni. — Photo- 
graphs, 3. 

Colgate University, Hamilton. — Charts; 
courses of study. 13; handbooks; photo- 
.graphs, 20; portraits, 2. 

Collegia Fraternity. — Magazine, 1 vol. 

College of the City of Xcw York. — 
Ijirgc curriculum chart; photographs, 23; 
annual registers, ') vols.; commencement 
address, 1S88. 

Columbia College, New York. — Statis- 
tical charts, 14; copper crown given to 
King's College by George HI; handbooks; 
photographs, bromide enlargenients, 26; 
photographs, (is (buildings and interiors); 
photographs, 37 (miscellaneous); plan of 
new site (15 feet by 18 feet); plan of present 
site (4 feet by 3 feet ), same scale; architect's 
plans of buildings. 4 |)orlfolii)s: ])aint- 
ings of Samuel .Johnson, William John- 
son, Miles Cooper, F. A. P. Harnard, 
Henry Drisler; printed information from 
each faculty. Publictitions — handbooks, 
catalogues, reports, 2(i vols.; School of 
Mines, Quarterlv, vol. 12, 1891-1892; 
Columbia Law Times, vol. 6,1892-1893; 
Columbia Spectator, 1 vol.; Faculty 
Physicians and Surgeons, 12 vols., 2 
paiiis. : Faculty School of Arts, ."lO vols., 
8 pams.; Faculty School of Mines, 26 
vols., 49 pams.; Faculty School of Politi- 
cal Science. 19 vols., 12 pams. 

Comstock School. New York. — Ama- 
teur photographs. 20; astronomical draw- 
ings. 7; phvsiological drawings. 4; literarv 
charts, 3; "circular, 1892-1893, 1 pam!; 
forms and blanks, 0; photographs, 5; 
written work, 3 vols. 



Convent of the Visitation, Brooklyn. — 
Photographs, 5. 

Cook Academy. Havana.— Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols. ; photographs. 1; handbook. 

Cooper Union, New York. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

CoopcrstDwn Union School.^ Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; phntimraphs, 1. 

Copenhagen Union School.— Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. 

Corinth Union School. — Regents' pa- 
jiers, 1 vol. 

Cornell University, Ithaca. — Statistical 
charts, 3."); handbooks; handbooks of 
■• School Review ;" pliotogr.-iphs. 1 III; jilan 
of campus. Publications — Cornell Kra, 
vol. 2.'); Seluiol Review, vols. 1-6. 

Corning Free Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Cornwall-on-Ihidson. — (See N. Y. Mili- 
tary Academy.) 

Cornwall Union Sclinol. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Cortland Normal School. — Ilonicniade 
scienlitic apparatus; astronomical charts 
and problems, 10; planispheres. 6; draw 
ings, designs, etc., 32; hcrbariiun; map 
drawings, 24; class note books; geometry, 
14; science, 6; written work, 2 vols. ; pho- 
tographs, 33. 

Cotrell & Leonard. .Vlbany. — Photo- 
graphs of college caps and gowns, 13. 

Coxsacki(! Union School. — Photo- 
graphs. 1; Regents' papers. 1 vol. 

Crown Point Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. 

Cuba Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Cumberland Valley S. S. Assembly. — 
Photograph. 1 album. 

Dansville Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Dansville, District No. 1.— Photo- 
graph, 1. 

Deerpark I nion .Vcadeniy. Port .lervis. 

— Certilicate. 

De Funiak Springs. — (See Florida C'hau- 
taufiua.) 

De Lancey School, Geneva. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Delaware Academy, Delhi. — Regents' 
papers, 3 vols; |)hotograi)lis, 4. 

Delaware Literary Institute. Franklin. 

— Regents' i)apers. 1 vol. 

Delhi. — (See Delaware zVcadeiuy:) 

Department of Public Instruction.— 
Annual Reports. 3 vols., 18K.-)-1887; 1 
vol., 1893; "Schools of New York." 

Deposit Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Dc Ituyter Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

De Veaux School. Suspension Briilge. 

— Regents' papers, 1 vol.; [jhotographs, 1. 
D'Youville Academy, Plattsburgh. — 

Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 



478 



I^EW YoEK AT THE "WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Dolgeville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Drew Semiuiuy. — Photographs, 1. 

Drum Hill Union School, Peekskill. — 
Regents' papers, 2 vols. 

Dryden Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 3 vols. 

Dundee Preparatory School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Dunkirk Public Schools. — 'Written 
work, 6 vols. 

Dunkirk Union School. — Library cata- 
logue; forms and blanks, 6; Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. 

Eagle Mills, District No. 2.— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

East Aurora Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; written work, 1 vol.; pho- 
tographs, 3. 

East ISloomfield Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

East Bay Shore Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

East Syracuse Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 5. 

Earlville Union School. — Photographs, 
1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

East Irviugton School. — Photographs, 3. 

East Springfield Academj-. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Eastern New England Chautauqua, 
Old Orchard, Me. — Photographs and his- 
tor3', 1 vol. 

Eaton's, Mss, Select School, Bath-on- 
Hudson. — Written work, 1 vol.; photo- 
graphs, 1; forms, 1. 

Eddytown. — (See Starkey Seminary.) 

Edinburgh University Summer School. 
— Lectures, 2 vols.; photographs, 8; pro- 
grams, 2; pubUcations, 2 vols., 6 pams. ; 
sj'Uabuses, 39 frames. 

Educational Gazette. — Parts of vols. 7- 
9, 1891-1893. 

Educational map. — Fourteen feet 
square; showing the location, grade and 
support of every educational institution 
under the University of the State of New 
York or Department of Public Instruc- 
tion; prepared by the scholars of the 
Albany High School, under direction of 
T. C. Hailes, drawing master. 

Egbert.s' High School. — (See Cohoes.) 

Elizabethtown Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Ellen ville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Ellicottville Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Ellington Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. ^' 

Elmira Academy. — Photographs, 5. 

Elmira Free Academy. — Architect's 
plans; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Elmira College. — Photographs, 5. 

Elmira Public Schools. — Board reports. 
3 pams.; forms and blanks, 32; photo 



graphs, 8; written work, 8 portfolios, 2 
vols., 3 essays. 

Elmwood Union School. — Photographs, 
1. 

Elmwood School, Buffalo. — Architects' 
plans, 8; kindergarten photographs, 12. 

Erasmus Hall Academy, Flatbush. — 
Photographs, 3. 

Evans Academy, Peterboro. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Fairfield Seminary and Military Acad- 
emy. — Catalogue and regulations, 2 
pams.; Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 16. 

Fair Haven Union School. — "Written 
work, 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; 
photographs, 5. 

Fairport Classical School. — Photo- 
graphs, 2; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Fayetteville Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 5; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Fishkill Union School. — Photographs, 
1. 

Flatbtish. — (See Erasmus Hall Acad- 
emy.) 

Florida Chautauqua, De Funiak Spa, 
Florida. — Photographs, 1 album. 

Flushing High School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 7. 

Flushing Institute. — Photographs, 1. 

Flushing Public Schools. — Photo- 
graphs, 2. 

Flushing. — (See St. Joseph's Academy.) 

Fonda tjnion School. — Circular, 1892, 
1893; library catalogue. 1888, 3 pams.; 
forms and blanks, 7; written work, 1 vol.; 
Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Fordham. — (SeeSt. John's College.) 

Forestville Free Academy. — Regents' 
papers, 3 vols. 

Fort Covington Free Academy. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Fort Edward Collegiate Institute. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. ; specimens china 
painting, 7; drawings, 4; paintings, 3; 
photographs. 2. 

Fort Hamilton School. — Photographs, 
1. 

Fort Hunter Pubhc School. — Circular, 

1 pam. 

Fort Plain. — (See Clinton Liberal In- 
stitute.) 

Frankfort Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Franklin, District No. 1. — Photographs, 
1. 

Franklin Academy, Malone. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Franklin Academy, Prattsburg. — Pho- 
tographs, 1. 

Franklin Kindergarten, Buffalo. — Pho- 
tographs, 3. 

Frankhn Academy. — Regents' papers, 

2 vols. 

Frankhnville. — (See Ten Broeck Free 
Academy.) 



Kepoet o^" THE Edccatioxal Exhibit. 



479 



Fredonia Xonnal Scbool. — Paintings I Groton Union School. — Regents' pa- 
and sketches. 14; specimens china paint- pers. 1 vol. 



ing, 3; drawings, 12; drawings and de 
signs, 1 vol.; kindergarten work. 1 vol.: 
written work 1 vol.;"circular, 1 pam. 

French and English School, Xew York. 
— Drawings. 22; written work, 1 vol. 

Friendship Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 1 vol.; written work. 1 vol. 

Fulton L'nion School. — Regents' papers, 
2 vols. ; photographs, 5. 

Fultonville Union School. — 'tt'ritten 
work, 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 2 vols.: 
photographs, 1. 

Gainesville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Garden Citv. — (See Cathedral School of 
St. Paul.) 

Genesee Talley Seminary. — Re.geuts' 



papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1 



-Regents' 



Guildcrland, District Xo. 13.— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Hadley, District No. 5. — Photographs, 
1. 

Haldane Union School. Cold Spring. — 
Photographs. 1; Regents' papers. 1 vol. 

Hamburg Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Hamilton College. Clinton. — Photo- 
graphs, 14; Hamilton "Review," 1 vol.; 
Hamilton " Literary Monthl)-." 1 vol. 

Hamilton Theological Seminary. — 
Charts on organization, courses of stud}', 
•5. 

Hamilton. — (See Colgate University and 
Colgate Academy.) 

Hammondsport Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. 

Hancock Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols. 

Hannibal Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 1 vol. 

Harrison, Wm. Beverly, .59 Fifth ave., 
New York. — Whiton & Bangs patent 
chair back with Chandler adjustable 
desk and seat; handbooks of school fur- 
niture. 

Hartwick Seminary. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs. 1. 

Harpersville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Havana. — (See Cook Academy.) 
I Havcrling Union School, Bath. — 
Union School. — Regents' Photographs, 1; Regents" papers. 1 vol. 
photographs. 1. i Heathcote Kindergarten, Buffalo. — 

High School. — Regents' i Photographs, 4. 

Hedding Chautauqua, East Epping, N. 
H. — Photographs, 1 album. 

Herkimer Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 1 vol.; photographs, 2. 

Hinsdale Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Hobart College, Greneva. — Photo- 
graphs, 1.5. 

Hobart Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Hogansburg Academy. — Regents' p;i- 
pers, 2 vols.: photographs, 1. 

Hogarth's (Miss) School, Goshen. — Pho- 
tographs. 1: maps, 5. 

HoUv Union School. — Resents' papers, 
1 vol. " 

Holland Patent Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Holy Angels' Academy, Buffalo. — 
Photographs, 1. 

Home-made Apparatus. — One hundred 
models, illustrating a carefully graded set 
of experiments in physics, chemistry and 
hygiene: prepared for the exhibit by 
Prof. .John F. Woodhull, Teachers 
College. 

Home In.stitiite, Tarrytown. — Draw- 
ings, 8; photographs, 1. 



Genesee Wesleyan Seminarj-. 
papers, 1 vol. 

Geneseo Xoimal School. — Photosraphs, 
1 albufn. 

Geneva Classical and Union School. — 
Regents' papers, 3 vols. : photographs, 7. 

Geneva Pubhc Schools. — Circular, 
1892-1893; forms and blanks, 19, 

Geneva. — (See, also, Hobart College.) 

Gilbertsville Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 2 vols. 

Glens Falls Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Glens Falls Public Schools. — Forms 
and blanks, 8. 

Glens FaUs 
papers, 1 vol.; 

Glovers viUe 
papers, 1 vol. 

Gloversville 



Public Schools. — Forms 
and blanks, 5; report board of education. 

Goodrich, District Xo, 1. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Goshen Union Schools. — Photographs. 
2; Regents' paper;. 1 vol. 

Gouverneur Se.Tiiuary. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

Gowanda Academy. — Catalogue. 1892- 
1893; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Grand Conservatory of Music, New 
York. — Course of instruction. 24 pam. 

Granville Union School — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. 

Greene Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 2 vols.: photographs, 4. 

Greenport Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 2: Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Greenville Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Greenwich Union School. — Course of 
study, 1 pam.; Regents" papers: 2 vols. ; 
map of Washington county; photo- 
graphs. 1. 

Griffith Institute and Springfield Union 
School. — Regents' papers, 8 vols.; pho- 
tographs, 3. 



480 



JSTeav Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Homer Academy and Union Scliool. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; catalogue, 1891- 
1893 ; photographs, 1. 

Honeoye Falls Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.: photographs, 1. 

Hoosick Falls Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. 

Hornellsville Free Academy. — Photo- 
graphs, 4; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Horseheads Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

Houghton Seminary, Clinton. — Auto- 
graph letter from George Washington; 
catalogue, 1893; photographs, 11; hand- 
books; anuvial catalogues, 1863-1893, 3 
vols.; twenty-lifth anniversary, 1886, 
alumnie society: Houghton " Seminary 
Record," 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 1vol. 

Hudson High School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Hudson Public Schools. — Course of 
study. 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 7. 

Hudson River Institute. — (See Claver- 
ack Academy.) 

Hunter Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol, 

Huntington Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Ilion High School. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol. 

Ilion Union School. — Drawings; ])utty 
relief maps, 17; written work, 3 vols.; 
Regents' papers, 1 vol, ; photographs, 1. 

Industrial School of the Church of the 
Holy Communion, Nevf York. — Graded 
course in sewing. 

Intercollegiate Law Journal. — One vol. 

Irving School, Irvington. — Photo- 
graphs, 1 vol. 

Irvington Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 3 vols.; photographs. 3. 

Island Park Assembly, Rome City, Ind. 
— PliotograpLs, 1 album. 

Islip Public Schools. — Photographs, 4; 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Ithaca High School. — Regents' papers. 
1vol.; photographs, 1; report of board of 
education. 

Jamestown High School. — Regents' 
papers, 5 vols.; photographs, 10; forms 
and blanks, 15; report of board of 
education. 

Jamaica Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Johnstown High School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; forms 
and blanks, 5; I'eportof superintendent of 
schools. 1893. 

Johnstown Public Schools. — Manual 
and cour.se of study, 3 pams. *"' 

Jordan Free Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 1vol.; photographs. 1. 

Katonah Public Schools. — Written 
work. 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Keeseville Union" School. — Regents' 
papers, 1vol.; photographs, 1. 



Kenwood Convent, Albany. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Keuka Institute. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol,; photographs,!. 

Kindergarten handbook. 

Kingston Free Academy. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Kingston Public Schools. — Photo- 
graphs, 3. 

Knowlesville Union Schools. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 
" Lake Placid, District No. 3.— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

" Lakevillc. District No. 8.— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Lansiugburgh Academy. — Regents' 
papers, 3 vols. 

Lansingburgh, Market Street Kinder- 
garten. — Parquetry work, 3 vols. 

Lansingburgh Kindergartens. — Pupils' 
work, 333 pieces. 

Lansingburgh Public Schools. — Draw- 
ings, 51; forms and blanks, 4; manual of 
board of education, 1 pam. 

La Salle Institute, Troy. — Drawings, 
lU; drawings, 3 portfolios; mechanical 
drawings, 3 portfolios; written work, 8 
vols.; Regents' papers, 3 vols,; photo- 
graphs, 13 vols. 

Leavenworth Institute, Walcott. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Le Couteaul.'v St. Marj^'s Institute for 
Deaf Jlutcs, Buffalo. — Written work and 
drawing, 3 vols.; photographs, 13; " Le 
Couteaulx Leader," 7 vols.; boys' suit of 
clothes made by pupils. 

Leonardsville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Le Roy Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Liberty Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Limestone Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Lisle Union School. — -Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Little Falls Academy. — Photographs, 1. 

Little Falls ITnion School. — Forms and 
blanks, 3; Regents' jjapers, 3 vols. ; photo- 
graphs, 1, 

Little Vallej' Union School, — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Liverpool Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Livonia Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Lookport Public Schools. — Forms and 
blanks, 39; rules of board of education, 
1 pam. 

Lockport I'nion School. — Catalogue, 
1891-1893, 1 pam.; Regents' papers, 4 
vols.; photographs, 13 

Lockport. — (See, also, St. Joseph's 
Academy.) 

Long Island City High Sc'nool. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 




ai 
O 



O 



X 
1- 



>- 

UJ 

> 

Z 



Report ox the Edttcational Exhibit. 



481 



Long Island City Public Schools. — 
Forms and blanks, 5; monthlj- record 
book, 2 vols. 

Lowville Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Lowville, State Street School.— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Lowville Union SchooL — Written work, 
1 vol.; photographs. 1. 

Lyndon ville Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Lyons L'uiou School. — Catalogue, 1S91- 
1893, 1 pam.: clay mideling. 59 pieces: 
forms and blanks,16; written work, 4 vols. ; 
Rageut.s' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Lysander, District IS"o. 16. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

licGrawville Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

JlcAuley Academy — Photographs, 3; 
Resents' papers, 1 vol. 

ilcClelland, Mary A., Albany. — Educa- 
tional pantopticon for illustrating methods 
in number and language. 

Madisou Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1 

Macedon Academv. — Regents' paper.s, 
1 vol. 

Maine Public Schools. — Maps, 2. 

Malone Public Schools. — Maps, 2; writ- 
ten work, 1 vol.; photographs, 8. 

Maraaroneck Public School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Mmlius Union School. — Photographs, 
1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Manlius. — (See St. John's School.) 

Marathon Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Marcellus Union School. — Regents' pa- 
d^'rs, 1 vol. 

Margaret ville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Marion Collegiate Institute. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

ilarlborough Public School. — Photo- 
graphs, ?. 

JIartinsburg, District No. 8. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Mason ville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Massena Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols. 

May ville Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol; photographs, 1. 

Mechiinicville Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Medina Free Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 4 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Mexico Academy. — Photographs, 1; 
Regents' papers. 1 vol. 

Middlebury Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Middletown Public Schools. — Class 
books and registers; forms and blanks, 12; 
minuil and course of study, 1892, 1 
pam. ; written work, 3 vols. 

61 



jSIinetto Public Schools. — Photoaraphs, 
3. 

Middleport Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Jlohawk Union School. — "Written work, 
IvoL; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 1; architects' plans of building. 

Montgomery County. Commissioner's 
District. —Forms and" blanks, 6; report 
1892, 1 pam. ; written work from Fonda, 
Canaioharie, Rockton, Palatine Bridge, 1 
vol. 

Jlontgomery Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 2. 

Moravia Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers. 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

ilorris Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1 . 

Morrisville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Mt. St. Joseph's Academy, — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Mt. St. JIary's Academy, Newburgh. — 
Written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

3Iount Jlorris Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Mount Vernon Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Mountain Chautauqua, Mountain Lake 
Park, Md. — Photographs, 1 album. 

Munroe Collegiate Institute, Elbridge. — 
Regents' papers, 1vol.; photographs, 1. 

Mynderse Academ_y, Seneca Falls.^ 
Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Kance, Lee. — Pen picture of the Co- 
lumbian Exposition. 

Naples Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Nazareth Academy, Rochester. — Re- 
gents' papers. 3 vols.; photographs, 8. 

New Hartford, District No. 1. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

New Paltz Normal School. — Blanks 
and forms; class papers; manuscripts; 
map drawings, 18; class note books, 11; 
photographs, 20. Student publication — 
" Auld Lang Syne." 

New Rochelle Public Schools. — Draw- 
ings and designs, 43; kindergarten work, 
52 pieces; written work, 2 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 2. 

New Rochelle Union School. — Regents' 
work, 2 vols. 

New York City Normal College. — 
Botanical specimens, 1 portfolio; draw- 
ings, 10; kindergarten work, 60 pieces; 
written work, 4 vols.; photographs, 22. 
Students' publication — "Normal College 
Echo," 2 vols.; graded sewing, 1 vol.; 
Slo}'d models, 15, with 16 drawings. 

New York City Public Schools. — 

Charts: Course of study, 28; course of 

study. 2 pams. ; forms and blanks, 39. 

Handbooks — "Free Lectures to People." 

I Publications of Board of Education — 

I Director}-, 7 vols. ; jManual, 9 vols. ; Jour- 



482 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



nal, 12 vols, ; Reports, 10 vols. Publica- 
tions of Students — "Our Own," 1 vol. 
Regular Course Primar_y Schools — Speci- 
men work by grades, 90 sheets; specimen 
work by grades, 4 showcases; work illus- 
trative oi' course of study, 382 sheets. 
Regular Course Grammar Schools — Spe- 
cimen vs'ork by grades, 141 sheets; speci- 
men work b}' grades, 2 showcases; work 
illustrative of course of study, 432 sheets; 
drawings, original designs, 116; drawings, 
248; map drawings, 44. M;\nual Train- 
ing Primary Schools — Specimen work by 
grades, 48 sheets; work illustrative of 
course of study, 150 sheets; clay model- 
ing, 291 pieces; sewing, 2 showcases; 
paper folding and geometrical forms, 103 
pieces; wood working, 98 pieces. Man- 
ual Training Grammar Schools — Speci- 
men work by grades. 114 pieces; work 
illustrative of course of studj', 228 pieces; 
clay modeling, 193 pieces; drawings, 
original designs, 91; drawings, 152; maps, 
38; paper folding and cutting, 160 pieces; 
wood working, 233 pieces; geometrical 
forms, 99. Jliscellaneous — Written work 
bound by grades, 353 vols. ; photographs. 
113; architects' plans; paintings; relief 
maps, 30. 

New York City.— (See, also, Allen 
School, American JIuseum of Natural 
Histoiy, Barnard School, Berkelej' School, 
College City of New York, Columbia 
College, Comstock School, Cooper Union, 
French and English School. Industrial 
School of the Cliurch of the Holy Com- 
munion. Opthalmic Hospital, Rutgers 
Female College, Sachs, Dr. J., School for 
Girls. Teachers College, University of the 
City of New York, Veltin's, jMlle.; School 
for Girls, AVeil's, Mrs. Leopold, School.) 

New York College of Dentistry. — 
Photographs, 5. 

New Yoi'k Institute for the Blind. — 
Photographs, 14. 

New York Institute for the Instruction 
of Deaf and Dumb. — Photographs and 
art work. 

New York Medical College and Hospi- 
tal for AVomen. — Catalogue; handbook; 
photographs, 5. 

New York Military Academy, Corn- 
wall-on-Hudson. — Forms and blanks. 3; 
handbooks; herbariuns; map of grounds; 
written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 36; 
architect's plans. Student publications — 
"Academy Quarterly," 1 vol.; "Songs 
of N. Y. Military Academy," 1 vol. 

New York Trade School. — Courses of 
instruction : blacksmithing, 3 psyiis. ; 
bricklaying, 5 pams. ; carpentry, 1 pam. ; 
painting, 4 pams. ; plastering. 1 pam. ; 
plumbing. 9 pams.; sign-painting, 1 pam.; 
stonecuttiug. 1 pam. ; specimen work 
from each trade ; examinations and an- 
swers, 27 pams. ; photographs, 8. 



Newark Valley Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Newark Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Newburgh Free Academy. — Photo- 
graphs, 20 ; manual training work, 5 
frames. 

Newburgh Public Schools. — Forms 
and blanks, 14 ; drawings. 

New Hartford Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Niagara Falls Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Niagara University. — Old books, 8; 
photographs. 20 ; written work. 3 vols. ; 
Students' publications — Niagara Index, 

2 vols. 

Nichols Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Normal Schools. — Photograph of State 
Normal School principals ; handbooks. , 

North Brookfield Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

North Cohocton and Atlanta Union 
School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photo- 
graphs, 3. 

North Granville Seminary. — Regents' 
papei'S, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

North Tarrytown Union Free School. — 
Dra\\dng, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

North Tonawanda Public Schools. — 
Written work, 3 vols. ; Regents' papers, 

3 vols. ; photographs, 4. 

Northern New England Chautauqua, 
Fryeburg, Me. — Photographs, 3 albums. 

Norwich Public Schools. — Catalogue, 
1882-1893, 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 4. 

Northville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Norwich Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Norwood Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 3 vols. 

Nunda Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

Nyack Union Free School, District 
No. 4. — Report 1890-1891, 1 pam. ; Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Oakfield Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. ; photographs. 1. 

Ocean Park Chautauqua. Old Orchard. 
Me. — Photographs and history, 1 \'ol. 

Ogdensburg Free Academy, — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol, ; constitution of Chectham- 
iau Literary Society ; Ogdensburg 
"Academy," 3 vols, 

Ogdensburg Public Schools. — Course 
of study, 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 11. 

Ogdensburg. — (See St. Mary's Acad- 
emy.) 

Olean High School. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol,; photographs, 1; written work, 3 vols. 

Oneida Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pei's. 1 vol. 

Oneonta Normal School. — New build- 
ing, architect's sketch ; photographs, 40 ; 



Repokt on the Educational Exhibit. 



483 



Year Book, souvenir ed. ; " Oiieontau," 1 
vol. 

Oneonta Uuiou School. — Course of 
study, 1 paiii. ; tonus ami blanks, 3; Re- 
gents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 3. 

Onondaga Free Academy. — Kegents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Onondaga Indian Keservaliou. — Photo- 
graphs, 6. 

Opthalmic Hospital, New York. — 
Photographs, 1. 

Orangetown, Distriet No. 2. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Oregon State Chautauqua, Astoria. — 
Photographs, 1 album. 

Oswego High School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Oswego Normal School. — Historical 
and .statistical charts, 3; color work, 1 
vol.; designs, decorative, 1 vol.; draw- 
ing, freehand, 1 vol.; drawing, me- 
chanical, 1 vol.; designing, 12 vols.; 
fraction charts; geological specimens, 4 
cabinets; century charts, -t series; His- 
torj' of Oswego, prepared by pupils, 1 
vol. Methods, IT vols — Animal study, 
geolog)', plane geometrj' (~). solid geo- 
metry, German, pedagogy, school econ- 
omy, physics, physiology, i}sycliology (5), 
reading, zoology. Stories for kinder- 
garten, 1 vol. ; nature reading lessons. 2 
vols.; biograpliical reading lessons, 1 vol.; 
written papers, G vols.; training school 
work; photogra'ihs, SO; photogiaiihs from 
plaj'S given by liierary societies, 4; plans, 
architect's, 4; portraits, (i. Publication.s — 
" Oswego Normal School," by "\Vm. Alier; 
alumni jind faculty, 44 vols.. 41 jiams.; 
sewing, 4U pieces; literary and debating so- 
cieties, 1 vol.; text books, 17 vols.; zoo- 
logical specimens, G cabinets, 1 showcase. 

Ovid I'niou School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Owego Public' Schools. — Photographs, 
6; forms and blanks, IIJ; report of boaril 
of commissioners, lS9U-18tll. 

Owego Free Academy. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

O.xford Academy. — Regents' papers, 2 
vols.; photographs, 11; handbooks. 

Pacific Coast Chautauciiia, iloutercy, 
Cal.— Pliotographs. 1 album. 

Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn. — 
Photogra)>hs, 7. 

Pairited Post Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Palatine Bridge Union SchiKil. — Re- 
gents' papers, 2 vols.; maps and draw- 
ings, 1 vol.; iihotograjihs, 1. 

Palmj-ra Classical Union School. — He- 
gents' |iapers, 1 vol.; written work, 1 
vol. ; photographs, 3. 

Parish Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Parker Union School, Clarence. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 



Park Academy, West New Brighton. — 
Reo;euts' i>apers, 1 vol. 

Patchogue Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. 

Peekskill Jlilitaiy Academy. — Photo- 
graphs, 3. 

Peekskill Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Peekskill.— (See, also, Drum Hill 
Uniou School.) 

Penn Yan Academy. — Regents' papers, 
3 vols.; photographs, G. 

People's Palace, London. — Forms and 
blanks. 19; engravings, 1; photographs, 
4; publications, G pams. 

Perry Union School. — Regents' ijajjers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 2. 

Phelps Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Phteni.x Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. ; drawings. 

Phonograph. — Giving representations 
of the musical work of schools in Albany, 
Ne^^■ York, Rochester and Syracuse; 
instruments, 1; cylinders, 4(10. 

Pike Seminary. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol.; photographs, 1. 

Pine Plains. — (See Sej'mour Smith 
Academy.) 

Pittsford Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. 

Plattsburgh High" School.— Regents' 
pajiers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Plattsburgh Normal School. — Botanical 
and zoological sketches; circular, iyU2, 1 
patn.; drawings, 23; written wcn-k, 1 vol. ; 
photographs, 13; zoological specimens, 3 
cabinets. 

Plattsburgh Public Schools.— Forms 
and blanks, 12; written work, 14 port- 
folios; handbook. 

Plattsburgh. — (See, also, D'Vouville 
Academy.) 

Poiujiey Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; drawings; photograiih.s, 1. 

Port Byron Free School and Acad- 
emy. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Port Chester Public Schools. — Paper 
forms, 7G. 

Port Chester Union Fi'ee School. — Civ- 
ics, 3 pajiers ; color work, 20 pieces; 
designs, 20; drawings, 51; maps, 21: writ- 
ten woi'k, 2 vols.; paper cutting and fold- 
ing; photographs, 3. Kiiiderg.-nlcii de- 
partment — Photogi'aphs, S; pupils' work, 
1 vol. (.51 pieces) ; p\ipils' work, lOU 

High School.— Photo- 
Union School. — Regents' 
written work, 1 vol. 
Academy. — '" Academy 
Miscellany," 1 vol. ; forms and blanks, 3 ; 
Regents' jiaiiers, 2 vols. ; written work, 1 
vol.; photographs, 1. 



IJieces. 

Port 
graphs. 

Port 


EWIMI 

1. 

Hem-y 


papers. 
Port 


2 vols.; 
.Jervis 



4S-i 



New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian iilxposiTioN. 



Port Leydcn Uniou School. — Regents' 
IJiipers, 1 vol. 

Portville Uniou School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Potsdam Normal School. — Herbariums, 
2 portfolios; written work, 1 vol.; photo- 
graphs, 41. 

Poughkeepsie High School. — Drawings 
(a.strouomy), 12; drawings (botany), 2(3; 
drawings, 4i ; architects' plans, 4 '; draw- 
ings (architectural), 32; drawings, maps, 
50; herbariums; written work, 5 vols. ; 
class note books, 4 vols. ; photographs 3 ; 
Rcgeuts' papers, 1 vol. 

Poughkeepsie Public Schools. — Statis- 
tical charts, 4 ; forms and blanks ; draw- 
ings, 94; drawings, maps, 22; relief maps, 
4; written work, 16 vols ; paper cutting 
and folding, 46 pieces; photographs, 6. 

Poughkeepsie. — (See, also, Riverview 
Acadeni}' and Vassar College.) 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. — Occupied 
2,250 square feet of space and ijresented a 
comprehensive exhibit in all its depart- 
ments. The following summary is gen- 
eral iu its nature ; Department of eoni- 
merce — Collection of short-hand books 
and periodicals, largest in the world, except 
Oxford's; courses of study and illustrative 
work in phonography, typewriting, book- 
keeping and penmanship. Department of 
domestic art — Courses of study and illus- 
trative work in plain sewing, fine sewing, 
millinery and dressmaking, each piece ac- 
companied by drawings. Department of 
domestic science — Courses of study in 
biology, chemistry, physics, household 
science, hygiene, laundry and cookeiy ; 
students' work in each subject; photo- 
graphs of noted scientists. Department 
of industrial and fine arts — Drawing, pen- 
cil, charcoal, ink ; modeling; designing. 
architectural, mechanical and ornnmeutai; 
art needlework; clay modeling; silks, 
gold and silverware, made from designs 
of the students; wood carving. Depart- 
ment of science and technology — Model 
house, made by evening classes in car- 
pentry and painting; work in fresco 
painting, machinery, plumbing, etc.; 
mathematics and science work, illustrated 
by courses of study, charts, apparatus, 
experiments, etc. High School — Courses 
of study; written work in all studies; 
manual training work. Kindergarten — 
Gift work, occupations, photographs and 
descriptions of work in drawing, science, 
music and physical cidture. Library — 
Several hundred standard works, classi- 
fied, indexed and accessioned by studoa'ts ; 
card catalogues; reading and refer'ence 
lists; plans and elevations of new art 
building; photographs of classes at work; 
photographs of buildings, interiors, etc. 

Pulaski Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol.; photographs, 3. 



Randolph. — (See Chamberlain Insti- 
tute.) 

Red Creek Union Seminary. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Rensselaervillo Academy. — Regents' 
pajjers, 1 vol. 

Rensselaer Counly District Schools. — 
Photographs, 6. 

Rensselaer Polvtechuic Institule (with 
U. S. N. y. exhibit). — Pliolographs, 23. 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Troy. 

— Maps, topographical, 3. Photographs 

— Institute, classes, etc., 18; gunshot 
wounds, 2 albums. Works of alumni — 
noted bridges, buildings, canals, etc., 
297; unframed, 1 poi'tfolio. Publications 

— Alumni, 59 vols.; students. 1 vol. 
Surveys, geological, 3. Students' woik 

— Maps, surveys, drawings, topography, 
etc., 40 wing frames, 25 wall frames; 
bridge drawings, 1 portfolio. Jliscella- 
neous — Historical data of graduates; 
maps of railroads constructed by grad- 
uates ; statistical charts, 2; list of jiresi- 
deuts, vice-presidents, superintendents 
and general managers of railroad, iron and 
steel companies graduates from Die in- 
stitute; diploma and grand prix, Paris, 
1889; cotton centennial award, 1884-1885. 
Photographs of famous structures built by 
institute alumni — Ferris wheel, by G. W. 
G. Ferris, '85 ; Manufactures Building, 
Machinery Building, E. C. Shankland, 
'78, chief engineer Edgemoor Bridge 
Co., builders, N. G. Morse, '71, president; 
Thames River bridge, A. P. Eallu, '61, 
chief engineer ; Poughkeepsie bridge. 
Union Bridge Company, Chas. McDonald, 
'71, president, Roberto Escobar, '57, 
chief engineer; Nicaraugua canal (bird's 
eye view), A. G. Meuocal, '62, chief engi- 
neer; Washington bridge, Harlem river, 
Theo. Cooper, '58, consulting engineer ; 
Brooklyn bridge, W. A. Roebling, '57, 
chief engineer ; Suspension bridge, Nia- 
gara, L. L. Buck, '68; U. S. twin-screw 
armored steel cruiser, " Maine," Burdett 
C. Gowing, '61, chief engineer, U. S. N. 

Richfield Springs Union Free School and 
Academy. — Catalogues, 3 pams. ; Regents' 
papers, 3 vols ; drawings, forms and 
blanks, 23; written work, 2 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 1; "The Student," 1886-1893, 1 
'vol. 

Rikeman's (Miss) School, Rye Neck. — 
One portfolio. 

Riverview AcademJ^ Poughkeepsie. — 
Drawings, 5; photographs, 34. 

Rhinebeck Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics' 
Institute. — Children's classes, freehand 
and mechanical designs, 1 wall portfolio; 
oiiginal designs, 1 wall portfolio; speci- 
men Ireehniid, mechanical and life draw- 
ings and designs, 55 frames; drawings. 



Eepoet ox the Educational Exhibit. 



485 



freehand, 1 wall portftiHo; drawings, life 
class, 1 wall portfolio; drawings, mec-liani- 
cal, 1 wall portfolio; drawings, architec- 
tural, I w.-ill portfolio; paintings in oil, 4; 
photographs, li; teachers' and U(n-inal class 
di-a wings and designs. 1 wall portfolio ; 
water colors, 10; Hegents' papers, 1vol.; 
courses of study .'lecompanying each 
portfolio ; India ink sketches of new 
building, 2. 

Rochester Free-Academy. — Catalogue.^, 
6 pams. ; eutomological specimens, 4 cabi- 
nets ; etched ■window, Columbian design, 
by chemistry class of 1898; drawings, 
maps, 16; drawings, physiological, 63 ; 
drawings and designs; 33; mineralogical 
specimens, 2 showcases; Kegents' papers, 
4 vols.; photographs, 5; handbook, 

Kochcster Kindergarten. — Photographs, 
30. interiors, bromide enlargements ; 
pupils' work, 375 pieces. 

Kochestcr Public Schools. — Drawings, 
234; drawings, map. 66; drawing books 
by classes; forms and blanks, o3; written 
"work, 22 vols. ; Regents' papers, 5 vols. ; 
paper cutting and folding, 56 pieces; pho- 
tographs, 38 albums; programs (daily) 
of school work, 1 vol.; sewing cards, 31; 
text books, 20 vols, and 1 pam.; wood- 
working, 41 pieces; writing books by 
classes. 

Rochester University. — Forms and 
blanks. 1 vol. ; handbooks; photographs, 
26, bromide enlargements; publications of 
faculty and alumni, 43 vols., 59 pams. 

Rochester. — (See, also, Briggs Place 
School.) 

Rockton Union Free School. — Written 
work, 1 vol.; photographs, 5. 

Rome Free Academy. — Regents' 
papers, 4 vols.; photographs, 4; report 
board of education, 1 pam.; forms and 
blanks. 8. 

Rotterdam, District No. 10. — Photo- 
graphs. 1. 

Round Lake Institute. — Regents' 
pipers. 1 vol.; photographs, 9. 

Rushford Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 

Rushville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. ; photographs. 1. 

Rutgers Female College, New York. — 
Photograph Morse memorial vase. Pub 
lications — books, 2; pamphlets, 13. Ex- 
tension department — S3-llabuses, 7 pams. 

Rye Neck and Mamaroneck Public 
Schools.— Sea weed specimens mounted, 
6 frames. 

Sach's (Dr. J.) School for Girls, New 
York. — Text books, 53 vols.; written 
work, 26 .portfolios; geography charts, 
31. 

St. Agnes School. Albany. — Forms and 
blanks. 4; handbooks; written work, 1 
vol.; photographs, 5; medals aiid diploma; 
works of alumni, 7. 



{ St. Bernard's Academy, Cohoes. — Re- 
! gents' papers. 3 vols.; photographs, 6. 
I St. Bonaventure's College, Alleganj'.^ 
■ Photographs. 3. 

St. C'atharine's Hall, Brooklyn. — Hand- 
books; photographs, 11. 

St. John's al " The Castle," Tarrytown. 

— Photograiihs, 3; handbooks. 

St. John's Catholic Academv, Svracuse. 

— 3 vols. 

St. .John's College, Fordham. — Photo- 
graphs, 16; "Fordham Monthlv," 1 vol. 

St. John's Military School, Manlius. — 
Handbooks; ]")hoto.graphs, 30. 

St. Johnsville High School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; forms and blanks, 6. 

St. Johnsville Public Schools. — Cata- 
logue, 1890-189L 

St. Joseph's Academy, Albany. — Re- 
gents' ]iapers, 3 vols. ; ])hotographs, 2. 

St. Joseph s Academy, Binghamton. — • 
Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 5. 

St. Joseph's Academy. Brasher Falls. — 
Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs. 1. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing. — 
Written work, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1 
album: Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

'..t. Jo.seph, Institute of Sisters of. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Lockport. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Sj'racuse. — Pho- 
tographs, 1. 

St. Lawrence University, Canton. — 
Handbooks; photographs, 6. 

St. Margaret's School, Buffalo. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

St. Mary's Academy, Hoosick Palls. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

St. Mary's Academy, Ogdensburg. — 
Written work, 3 vols.; Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 11. 

St. Marj^'s Catholic Institute, Amster- 
dam. — Diploma; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; 
written work, 1 vol. ; photographs, 7. 

St. Mary's Catholic Institute, Amster- 
dam. — "Institute Journal," 3 vols. 

St. Patrick's Academy, Catskill. — Greek 
verb chart; sewn outline maps, 25; pro- 
duce map of United States; relief maps, 
5; Regents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 6. 

St. Peter's Academy, Rome. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

St. Peter's Academy, Troy. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; specimen penmanship, 1 
frame: photographs, 2. 

St. Regis Falls Union School.— Re- 
gents' papers. 1 vol. 

St. Stephen's College, Annandale. — ■ 
Photographs, 7. 

Sag Harbor Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

Salamanca Union School. — Regents' 
jiapers. 3 vols. 

Sandy Creek High School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 



486 



New Yoek at the Wokld*s Columbian Exposition. 



Sandy Hill ITnion School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Saratoga Spring's High School. — Writ- 
ten work, 1 vol. ; Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; 
jihotographs, 8; draAvings. 

Saratoga Springs Public Schools. — 
Forms and blanks, 19 ; written work, 5 
vols. ; Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photo- 
graphs, 13. 

Savannah Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Schenectady Classical Union Institute. 

— Pliotograpiis, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 
Schenevus Union School. — Regents' 

papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 5. 

Schoharie Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. 

School of Social Economics, New York. 

— Handbooks. 

Schuylerville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 8. 

Sea Cliff District School. — Photographs, 
1. 

Seymour Smith Academy, Pine Plains. 

— Photographs, 1; Regents' jiapers, 1 vol. 
Sherburne Union School. — Photo- 
graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Sherman C'oUegiate Institute. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Shortsville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Sidney Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Silver Creek Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1 

Sinclairville Academy. — Photographs, 
1; Regents' papers, 1, 

Sing Sing Public Schools. — ])rawings 
and designs, 73; drawing and construc- 
tion, 40 pieces; forms and blanks. 7; Avrit- 
ton work, 2 vols.; photographs, 2. 

Sing Sing Union School. — Photographs, 
2; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Skaneateles Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

Smithville Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Sodvis Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol.; photographs, 1. 

Solvay Union School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

South Side Union School, Rockville 
Centre. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Southampton Union Scliool. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. 

Spencer Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

S. S. Seward Institute, Florida. — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Stamford Seminary. — Regents' pifjjers, 
1 vol. 

Star Lake, District Ko. 9. — Plioto- 
graphs, 1. 

Starkey Seminary. Eddytown. — Re- 
gents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 9 ; 
" Seminary Monthly," 1888-1892. 



Staten Island Academy, Stapleton— ■ 
Building and plans, 7 engravings; Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

Stillwater Union Free School.^ Relief 
maps, 6; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Suspension Bridge Union School.' — 
Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Suspension Bridge. — (See. also, De 
Veaux School.) 

Syracuse Board of Education. — Photo- 
graphs of offices, 3; forms and blanks, 14. 

Syracuse Evening Schools. — Drawings, 
7; photographs, 1. 

Syracuse High School. — Drawings and 
designs, 69; Regents' papers, 9 vols. ; pho- 
tographs, 3. 

Syracuse Public Schools. — Clay model- 
ing, 87 pieces ; drawings, 120; history of 
Syracuse schools; written work, 3 vols.; 
penmanship system, 14 vols.; paper cut- 
ting and folding, 50 pieces; photographs, 
72; stick and tablet laying, 18 pieces. 

Syracuse Medical College. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

S.yracuse University. — Photographs. 7; 
" Syracu.san," 3 vols. 

Syracuse. — (See Academy of the Sacred 
Heart and St. Joseph's Academy. 

Tarrylown Union 
papers, 1 vol. 

Tarrytown. — (See, 
stitute.) 



School. — Regents' 
also. Home In- 



Teachers Collegi 
modeling (si.x years' 



New York. — Clay 
course), 59 pieces; 



h.'indbooks; manual tr.iiiiing desk cover; 
manual training group w<n'k in wood, a 
graded system for seven years, illustrated 
by a series of models covering 180 square 
feet wall space; written woi'k of Horace 
JIann School of English, 8 vols.; photo- 
graphs, 35; sewing course for schools, 3 
portfolios; sketches of new buildings; 
wood carving. 

Ten Broeck Free Academy, Franklin- 
ville. — Regents' paper.s, 1 vol.; photo- 
graphs, 1, 

Thierj^ J, H. — Statistics of school 
savings banks. 

Tieonderoga Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; i^hotographs, 2, 

Tonawanda Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Troy Ai;ideiiiy. — Regents' papers, 1 
vol. 

Troy Fcnuile Seminar}^ — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; iihotographs, 2. 

Troy High School. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 3. 

Troy Public Schools. — Course of in- 
struction, 1 pam.; forms and blanks, 12; 
maps of North America, 2. 

Troy, Fourth Ward School,— Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Troy. — (See, also. La Salle Institute.) 

Trumansburg Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 



Repoet on the Educational Exhibit. 



487 



Tuscarora Reservation Indian Scliools. 
— Written work and pliotograplis, 1 vol. 

Tyre Publie Seliools. — Pliotograplis, 1. 

Ulster. District Xo. 3. — Photographs, 1. 

Ulster Free Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. 

Uuadilla Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Union Academy of Belleville. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol.; photograplis. 11. 

Union Springs Union School. — Re- 
gents' i^apers, 1 vol. 

Union Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Union College, Schenectady, — Students' 
publications — C'oncordiensis", 1893-1 8S)o, 1 
vol. 

University of the City of New York. — 
Apparatus; bust of Henry Draper; charts, 
statistical and historical; forms and 
blanks; clectric.d apparatus; gcolo.gical 
maps; map showing location of luiiver- 
sity sites; photographs, IS; jihotograpli of 
George B, Post, architect of Liberal Arts 
Building; photograph of J. W. Root, 
consulting architect of exposition; speci- 
mens showing process with daguerreo- 
l)-pe by .1. AV. Draper: photograph of 
the moon by Henry "W. Draper; jihoto- 
graph of the nebuhe of Orion by Henry 
W. Draper; photograph of woi-k in spec- 
trum analysis by Henry W. Draper; 
early photographic apparatus by J. W. 
Draper; photographs illustrating scien- 
titic experiments; chlorine-hydrogen pho- 
tometer devised by John W. Drajier; 
plans of new grounds and buildings. 
Publications — Handbooks; faculty of 
arts and scicn.c; Students' " Violet," '94; 
faculty of medicine; facultj- of law, lOli 
vols. ; old rare school books; oldest tele- 
gram in the world — original sheet in 
IVIorse alphabet; remains of the Morse 
batter}-; in.ubator from Loomis labora- 
tory; "teaching methods in law, medicine 
and science. School of Pedagogy — Ane- 
mometer used in study of ventilation; 
charts on history of education, French, 
German and American school systems; 
charts on study of the will power; di- 
plomas; photographs; text liooks; llieses, 
etc. 

University of the State of New York. — 
Administrative d('partment — Apparatus, 
minimum and standard academic, 3 cabi- 
nets; blanks and forms, 08; charts, statis- 
tical, 11; comptometer used in tabulating 
statistics ; copying press; desks used in 
Regents' office and State Libr;iry; diplomas 
from Paris Exposition, 1880; fossils; 
models belonging to standard acad.niic 
apparatus, 1 showcase. Handbooks for 
distribution : Address by Chancellor Cur- 
tis; Org.-inization, Jan, '02; Univ<-rsity 
1,-iw: F.xamin.-ifions; Practice of Medicine; 
Extension Department; Outline; New 



York State Museum; New York State 
Library, Photographs, 11; physiological 
manikin, PuliUeatious — Boundaries of the 
State of Ni'w York, 3 vols. ; Regents' bulle- 
tin, 4 vols.; Convocation Proceedings, 
186^-1893, 13 vols.; Historical and Statisti- 
cal Record, 1784-1884; Meteorology, 1836- 
1863, 3 vols.; Regents' minutes, 1860- 
1869 ; Jlemorials to Chancellor George 
W, Curtis and Regent Francis Ker- 
nan; Regents' reports, 183o-1891, 57 
vols.; University Manual, 3 vols. Por- 
traits of Regi'nts — Two engravings, 
"Washington Irving, William Cullen Bry- 
ant; portrait of Chancellor George Wil- 
liam Curtis. Paintings of Regents — , 
George Clinton; Gideon Hawley; Martin 
Van Buren; Edwin D. ilorgan; W. L. 
Marcy; Erastus Corning; De Witt Clin- 
ton; James King; Horatio Seymour; 
bronze has relief of Regent T. Romeyn 
Beck; plaster bas relief of Regent John 
C. Spencer. Marble busts of Regents — 
Alexander Hamilton (by Horatio Stone); 
John T. HolTniau (by J. Nicolai); George 
R. P_-rkins(by Hiram Powers); William H. 
Seward (by C. B. Ives). Rock specimens 
belonging to standard academic appa- 
ratus, 1 showcase; spccti-a of chemical 
elements, Kirchkoff and Bunsen; tables 
used in Regents' office and library. 

Exami nat ions department — Blanks and 
forms; bulletins 1-4; charts, 0; creden- 
tials issued: pass card certificates, 18; 
diplomas, 16; blank forms, 1; law certifi- 
cates and diplomas; medical certificates and 
blanks; questions, 3 vols.; questions and 
answers, January to March, 1893, 100 vols. 

Extension department — Bulletins 1-5; 
charts, 3; circulars and blanks; examina- 
tion papers, IS; examinations and answers, 
5 vols.; jihotographs, 3; syllabuses, 33, 

Library School — Bibliographies pre- 
pared b,y undergraduates; blanks and 
forms, si; bulletin No, 1; cliart; compara- 
tive catalogue rules, 3 vols, ; credentials; 
pass card, 3 certificates, 1 diploma; exami- 
nations, 41 pieces; students' notes on refr 
erence work; photographs, 7; printed mat- 
ter, 1884-1893, 3 vols,; printed work of 
students, 58 vols,; reading lists and cata- 
logues prepared by students; selection of 
theses, 1 vol. 

Public Libraries department — Blanks 
and forms, 1 ^'ol, ; catalogues of traveling 
libraries for distribution, Nos. 1-10; charg- 
ing system of traveling libraries; photo- 
graphs, 3; specimen traveling libraries, 6, 
containing 343 vols. 

State Library — Blanks and forms for 
executive, accession, catalogue, reference, 
loan, bindmg and shelf departments, 133 
samples; bulletin slips; card catalogues, 
subjects and names: catalogues formerly 
in use; chain stretched across the Hucl- 
son at West Point during the Rcvolu- 



4S8 



New York at thk Woki-d's Columbian Exposition. 



tiou, 2 links; charging system, 3 trays, 
witli readers' cards and call slips; chart, 
decimal classiticalion; fac simile of eman- 
cipation proclamation; catalogues and 
idexes; pamphlet boxes -and cases; photo- 
graphs, 50 bromide enlargements; por- 
traits of Columbus, 27. Publications — 
Bidletin, additions; bulletin, legislation; 
calendar of historical manuscripts, 3 vols. ; 
calendar of land papers; catalog\ies, gen- 
eral and special, 8; Centennial celebra- 
tions; i)ecimal Classitieation, Dewej', M., 
documents relative to colonial history of 
New York, 15 vols.; Journal of the l^eg- 
islativc Ccnineil, lOiiti-lTTo. 2 vols.; an- 
nual reports, 18(;2-18S9; Sullivan's Indian 
Expedition; Regents' tile; oak case; shelf 
Ust sheets in binders. 

State Museum — Geologic map of State, 
by James Hall; ])liotographs, 12. Publi- 
cations — Bulletins Xos. 1-10; Jlemoirs 
No. 1; Natural History of New "York, 20 
vols.; reports, 1847-1890, vols. 1-44; rock 
sections, 133; American woods, sections as 
arranged by K. B. Hough. 

University Settlement Societj', New 
York. — Forms and blanks, 32. 

Utica Catholic Academy. — liegents' pa- 
pers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 5. 

Utica Free Academy — Regents' papers, 
1 vol.; photographs, 5. 

Utica Public Schools. — Forms and 
blanks, 18; maps, 13; maps, relief, 9; 
maps, produce, 3; superintendent's report, 
1891-1892. 

Valatic Union School. — Regents' jia- 
pers, 3 vols. ; photographs. 1 . 

Vassar College, Pougbkeepsic. — Ad- 
ministrative forms, 32; drawings, astro- 
nomical, 18; photographs, astronomical, 4; 
charts, statistical and descriptive, ti; charts, 
curriculum and entrtmee requirements, 3; 
embryology, 1 vol. sketches; embryology, 
76 microscopic slides; handbooks; map of 
grounds surveyed by class of '78; micro- 
scopic slides in general biology and gen- 
eral zoology, 44; photograph of petro- 
tome or rock-cuttiug machine; photo- 
graphs, large, 15; photographs of scenes 
and characters from "Antigone," as given 
by Vassar students, 14; photographs 
(eight by ten). .53; photographs, taken by 
Vassar Camera Club, 371; plans of build- 
ings, 4. Publications — •'Addresses at 
Twenty -fifth Anniversarv; "' Annual Cata- 
logue, "1893-189S: " Vassar College and its 
Founder," bj' B. J. Lossinn-; "Vassar 
-Miscellany," vols. 1-31, 1874-i892; Vassar 
Verse, iVol.; " Vassarion." 1S80-1892; 
quotation from Matthew Vassar, 1 fiTime; 
section of minerals and fossils, 33: zool- 
ogy, 8 \-ertebrate skeletons; zoology, 1 
vol. sketches. 

Veltin's (:MUe.) School for Girls, New 
Y'ork.^- Photographs, colored, 3 (large); 
photographs, 4; plans of building, 4. 



Vernon Union School — Photographs,!. 

Victor Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Wallkill, District No. 5. — Photo- 
graphs, 1. 

Wallkill Free Academy. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Walden Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

AValtou High School. — Photographs, 1; 
Regents' papers, ,'?■ vols. 

AValworth Academy. — Regents' pa- 
l^ers, 3 vols; photographs, 3. 

Warrensbin'gh Union School. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol. 

AVarsaw Union School. — Herbariums; 
electroplating bj^ chemistry class; Re- 
gents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 5. 

"Warwick Institute. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

Washington Academy, Salem. — Re- 
gents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Walerford Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 2 vols.; written work, 1 vol ; jiho- 
tograpbs, 4. 

Waterloo Union School. — Regents' 
pa])ers, 2 vols. ; ])hotographs, 3. 

\Vaterport Union School. — Regents' 
pajiers, 1 vol. 

Watertown High School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Watertown Public Schools. — Forms 
and bliiidis, 15; superintendent's report. 

Watervillc Union School. — ■ Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 

Watervliet.— (See West Troy Union 
School.) 

Watkins Academy and Union School. — 
Course of study, 1 pam.; Regents' papers, 
3 vols.; forms and blanks, 8; written 
work, 3 vols. 

"\\'averly High School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 3 vols.; photographs, 5. 

Wehster Union School. — Regents' jia- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Weedsport Union School. — Photo- 
graphs; 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Weil's (Mrs. Leopold) School for Girls, 
New York. — Written work, draAvingsand 
kindergarten work, 9 vols. ; idiotographs, 
5; sewing, 1 showcase. 

Wells College, Aurora. — Photographs, 
9. 

Wellsville Union School and Academy. 
— Catalogue, 1893-1893, 1 pam.; photo- 
graphs, 4; Regents' papers, 1 vol. 

Westchester Union Schools, Nos. 1 and 
3. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. 

Westchester Unicm School, No. 3. — 
Written work, 3 a'oIs. 

Westchester Public Schools. — Sewing, 
1 showcase. 

Westfield Academy. — Regents' papers, 
1 vol. 

West Hebron Union School. — Regents' 
papers, 1 vol. 




O 



X 



> 

3 



HePORT ox the tilBEEAL AeTS ExHIElt. 



m 



West New Brigliton, District Xo. 3.— 
Pliotogi'iipli;;, 1. 

AVest.port Union Seli<:ol. — Uegi'nls' pa- 
pers, 2 vols.; photog'ra|ihs, "J. 

West Troy Union School, — Keg'euts' 
papers, 2 vols. 

West "Winfield Union School. — Regents' 
pajiers, 1 vol. 

\Vhitehall Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers; 1 vol. 

Whitesboro Union Scliool. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol.; photographs. 1. 

Whiton ct BansiS. — Patent school chair 
l).-ick. 

Whitney's Point Union School. — Re- 
gents' ]n\pers. 1 vol. 

Willianisville Union School. — Regents' 
liapers; 1 vol.; (IraAving and ilcsigns, 24; 
fossils and Indian relics; herbarium,- writ- 
ten work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Wilson Academy. — l{e,gents' papers, 1 
vol. 

Wilson Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Windsor Union School. — Regents' pa- 
pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 

Woodbridge School, ^^cw York. — Cir- 
culars, 2 panis.: forms and blanks. .">; 
essays, 1 portfolio. 

Woodludl Union School. — Regents' ])a- 
pers, 1 vol. 

Worcester Union School. — Regents' 
papers. 1 vol. 

Workingman's School, New York. — 
Blanks .and forms and ccrtiticates; charts, 
descriptive, 3; chronological chart of 
Greek history; crystals of various sub- 
stanf;es jirepared by pupils; dissections of 
rabbit and frog, 4 specimens; drawing 
and designing, 61 pieces; drawing, free- 



hand, 86 pieces; drawing, mccliauical, 63 
pieces; drawing, majis, 20 pieces; geo- 
metrical eon.structious, cardboard, 15; 
handbooks; kindergarten work, ]24iiicces; 
kindergarten work, paper folding, 192 
jiieccs; kindergnrdcn work, sewing, 64 
cards. Manual training — Brass turning 
and leail casting (seventli grade); elemen- 
tary carpentry (fourth and tilth grades); 
clay modeling, 39 jneces; constructive 
work, familiar obiects (second grade), 
ladders, rakes, h;uumers, etc.; work 
in copper wire (fourth grade); lead 
forging (eighth grade); lead wire work 
(sec^ond grade); cutting and forming sheet 
metal (lit'th grade); metal turning, chip- 
]iing and liling (eighth grade); models for 
constructive work (flr.st grade); models of 
household furnitiu'c (third grade); models 
of mechariic.il class, 8; pajier folding, 33 
pieces; scroll saw work (third and fovu'th 
grades). Sewing — Figure of "Pliyllis," 
one-half life si/e, dressed in suit made 
I'ompUiely by girls of seventh and eiglith 
gnides. thirteen to liftecn years of age; 
millinery and dressmaking, W'ith 8 draw- 
ings; needlework, 44 pieces, including 
drawings; wood carving, elementary 
(sixth grade); wood turning (si.xtli grade); 
relief map (plaster), 1 ; relief maps (putty), 
4; music, 8 sheets; written work, 4 vols.; 
patterns for physical apparatus (eighth 
grade); photographs, 17; water gauge. 

Wylie's Kindergarten, Buffalo. — Bead- 
work; models and w'ork, 12 frames; port- 
folios, 12 sheets; wirework. 

Yates Union School. — Regents' papers, 
2 vols.; " School Palladium," 1 vol. 

Yonkers High School. — Regents pa- 
pers, 1 vol. 



I'N D 1 ^" I D U A L EXHIBITS. 



GKOur 141 



■ IIYGIEXE. 



The exhibits under group 147 were installed in the Anthropological Building under 
the sub-bureaus of Hygiene and Sanitation and Charities and Corrections. 



American Book Co., Kew York ; sani- 
tary publications. 

American Continental Sanitary Co., 
New York ; antiseptics and disinfectants. 

Amos, Ale.vandcr ?I.. Buffalo; steam 
cooker.- 

David, W^illiam, Xcw York ; public;i- 
tions on ventilation and heatini;'. 

Heath, D. ('.. & Co.. New York; 
hygienic ]Uiblicalions. 

Hunting. Nelson. Albany ; a\itoniatic 
water-purifying aii|iaral us. 

Hydroma/.e ^Manufacturing Co., New 
Y'ork ; hydroniM/.e or health guard. 

Improved Dwellings Co., New Y'ork ; 
moilcl and |ilans of improved dwelling for 
worktDgmen, 

62 



]Macmillaa& Co., New Y'ork ; publica- 
tions on sanitary subjects. 

!McC(innell Filter Co.. Buffalo; germ- 
proof water tillers. 

New York Coliunbian Cooking School, 
New York; model cooking in operation. 
S]iccial building south of Anthropological 
I'.uilding. 

New York Ladies' Health Prolcctive 
.\ssoeiation. New York ; models and 
jihotograiihs of abattoirs and of dust 
c'lrt. 

New York Slate Board of Health, 
Albany; ma])S, drawings .and public.itiona 
relaling to ]iublic health. 

New York State Commission, Albany; 
" Workingmun's JNIoilcl Home." 



■±90 



jSTew Yokk at tjik AA'okld's Colitmeian ExrosiTiox. 



Kew York State, Commissioners of ; a. 
models and maps of the C'rotou water 
system ; /). model preiuatory for the dead, 
and model, photographs and ]ilans of the 
quarantine system of the State of New 
York 

Peerless Steam Cooker Co., Buffalo ; 
steam eookcr. 

Keminicton. Cyrus K., Buffalo; photo- 
graphs of the Buffalo erematory. 

Sh.nker Society, !lIount Lebanon; photo- 
graphs. 

Tenement House Building Co., Xew 



York; drawings, plans and photographs 
of buildings. 

Ward, H. A., Rochester; anatomical 
jireparations. 

Whitney Home Gymnasium Co., 
Kochester; home gymnasium cabinet. 

Wilraot, Casdeit" Co., Kochester; steril- 
izers, steam cookers and bacteriological 
apparatus. 

Woods, Justus O., Kew York; hygienic 
appliances. 

Worthington, H. E., New York; sewer- 
age pumps. 



CLASS 831. CAEE AND TKKATMENT OF THE POOE. 



Associated Charities, Newbnrgh; litera- 
ture. 

Bureau of Labor and Charities, Syra- 
cuse; literature. 

Charity Organization Society, Buffalo; 
litercture and record blanks. 

Charity Organization Society, New 
York city; literature, record blanks and 
plans of United Charities Building. 

Fitch Creche, Buffalo; photographs, 
statistics, -etc. 

German Evangelical Home, Brooklyn; 
literature, plans and statistics. 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum, New Yoi'k; 
photographs, specimens of school work, 
uniforms, etc. 

Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society of 
New York city; orphan asylum photo- 
graphs. 

Hebrew Technical Institute, New York; 
photographs and specimens of school 
work. 

Home for Aged and Infirm, Yonkers; 
photographs. 

Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, 
New York city; charts and photographs. 

Home for the Friendless, Buffalo: pho- 
tographs and statistics. 

Ladies' Debon^h Nursery and Child's 
Protectory of the City of New York; 
photographs. 

Letch worth, Wm. P. ; model of the New 
York State plans for poorhouses. 

Little :Mothers at Work and Little 
Mothers at Play, New York; photographs 
and statistics. 

Louis' Down Town Sabbath and Daily 
School, New York; photographs, statis- 
tics and specimens of school work. 



Montefiore Home for Chronic In^■alids, 
New York; literature, photographs and 
statistics. 

New York Herald, New York city; 
jihotograplis, history and statistics of the 
Free Ice Society. 

New York House of Refuge, Randall's 
Island; drawings, maps, photographs and 
specimens of school work. 

New York Kindergarten Society of the 
Hebrew Free School Association; charts 
and photographs. 

New York State Charities Aid Associa- 
tion; annual reports^ 

New York State Board of Charities; 
maps, statistics and reports; see pages 444- 
448. 

New York State Industrial School, 
Rochester; photographs, charts and speci- 
mens of school work. 

New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' 
Home; topographical drawing and photo- 
graphs of grounds and buildings. 

Penny Provident Fund of the Charity 
Organization Society, Buffalo; statistics, 
appUances and record blanks. 

Penny Provident Fund of the Charity 
Organization Society, New York; framed 
chart. 

Sanitarium for Hebrew Children, City 
of New York; chart. 

St. Vincent's Asylum, Syracuse; pho- 
tographs and specimens of penmanship. 

St. John's Guild of New York City; 
pictures, improved beds, etc. 

United Hebrew Charities, New York; 
literature and record blanks. 

Yoiujg Ladies' Benevolent Association, 
Auburn; one volume forms. 



AISTD TEEATilENT 
York; invalid 



CLASS 832. CAEE 

Allen, ilary F.. New- 
chair. 

Blngbamton State Hospital foif the 
Insane, Binghamton; specimens of pa- 
tients' work; see page 448. 

Buffalo State Hospital for the In.sane. 
Buffalo; photographs and statistics; sec 
page 448. 



OF THE 5IENTALLY 



DEFECTIVE. 
New 



Cancer Hospital for Women 
York; photographs and literature. 

Fitch Accident Hospital, Buffalo; pho- 
tographs and statistics and emergency 
bag for ambulance work. 

NeAV York Hospital Saturdaj' and Sun- 
day Asssociation, New York; statistics 
and appliances. 



Eepoet on the Liberal Arts Exhibit. 



iOi 



Sargent Manufacturing Co., l^Tew York 
city: hospital furniture. 

Utica State Hospital, Utica; model of 
infirmary building, photographs, statis- 



tics, samples of patients' work; see 
page 448. 

Willard State Hospital for the Insane, 
Willard; large picture of building; see 
page 44y. 



GROUP lis. INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS OF MEDICINE, SURGERY 

AND PROSTHESIS. 



Albany Chemicai Co., Albany; phar- 
maceutical preparations. 

Allen, C. D.. ^'ew York; artificial teeth. 

Daggett Table Co., Bidlalo; posturing 
tables. 

Davis, J. T. & A. H., New York; arti- 
ficial eyes. 

Deane, Henry F., New York; artificial 
teeth. 

Drevet Manufacturing Co., New York; 
pharmaceutical preparations. 

Elkins, Fanny, New York; colored ana- 
tomical drawings. 

Evans, Geo., New York; crowns for 
teeth. 

Fairchild Bros, ct Foster, New Y'ork; 
digestive ferments, pejitonised foods. 

Frees, C. A., New York; artificial 
limbs. 

Harvey, 6. H., Co., Sar.-itoga Springs; 
pharmaceutical jireparatiuns. 

Harvey Human Hand Appliances Co., 
New York; trusses. 

Johnson & Johnson, New York; surgi- 
cal appliances. 

Marks, A. A., New York; a. surgical 



H., New York; arti- 



appliances; h. artilicinl limbs; c. invalid 
vehicles. 

Merck & Co., New York; pharmaceuti- 
cal preparations. 

Mej'er, John H., New York; artificial 
teeth. 

Modeman, Geo. 
ficial teeth. 

Mt. Sintd flospital and Training School, 
New York; charts and reports. 

Presbyterian Hospital and Training 
School, NeAv York; hospital appli.-nices. 

Reed & Carurick, New York; n. pliar- 
maceutical j.) reparations; b. food i)repa- 
rations. 

Ritter Dental Manufacturing Co. , Rocli- 
ester; dental chairs and cases. 

Seabury A- Johnson. New York, medi- 
cal, surgical and antisejitic specialties. 

Standard Homeopathic Globule ,M.-aiu- 
faetory, New York ; sloljules, discs, 
etc. 

The Tildcn Co.. New Lebanon; phar- 
maceutical preparations. 

Ward, II. A., Rochester; skeletons; 
ossific preparations. 



GROUP 1-1:9. EDUCATION. 



Art Students' League of New York, 
New York; students' work. 

Baron de Hirsch Fund Trade School, 
New York; studcaits' work. 

Business Culleges; active exhibit and 
collective exhibit of students' wcirk fmm 
colleges in Albany. New York and Kocli- 
ester and other cities. 

Catholic Educatioual Exhibit; students' 
■work, courses of study, pliotograi)lis, 
etc., from colleges, acadamies, parish 
schools, industrial schools, asylums, etc., 
from the dioceses of Brooklyn, Buffalo 
and New York, 



Cooper Union. New York; students 
work, drawing, architectural sketches, 
models, etc. 

New York, State of; educational ex 
hibit of universities, colleges, profes- 
sional and technical schools, high schools, 
acailemies, elementary .schools, kinder 
gartens and private schools; see full cata- 
logue, pages 474 to 4SV). 

School of Industrial Art and Technical 
Design for AVomen, New York ; drawings 
and <lesigns. 



GROUP 150. BOOKS, 

American Bank Note Co., New York; 
bank note engraring and lithographing. 

American Book Co., New York; publi- 
cations. 

American Library Association, Albany; 
library blanks, books, comparative library 
architecture. 

American Lithographing Co., New 
Y'ork; art and commercial lithographs. 

Appleton, Daniel, & Co., New York; 
books. 



Armstrong, Margaret M., New York; 
book covers. 

Baldwin, Amos A.. Brasher Falls; books. 

Bardeen, C. W., Syracuse; .school pub- 
lications, maps, supplies, etc. 

Bona venture, E. F., New York; books, 
bindings, manuscripts, etc. 

Britannica Publishing Co., New York; 
books. 

Century Co., New York; books, maga- 
zines, drawings and materials. 



492 



ISTew Yokk at TiiK Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



Colby ifc Co., Kew York; liistorical 
cliarts. 

Coluiubia College, New York; library 
book shelving. 

Duprat & Co., New York; books. 

Fisliol, Adler & Schwartz, New York; 
eiisraviug.s, etchings, etc. 

Free Library of General Society of 
INIcchanics and Tradesmen of New York; 
library system. 

Funk & Wagnals, New York; English 
dictionary. 

General Society Mechanics and Manti- 
facturers. New York; books and cata- 
logues. 

Harper Bros., New York; a. books, 
magazines, drawings, engravings, etc.; 
b. illustrated papers. 

Ileffley, N. P., Brooklyn; phonographic 
text books. 

Hubbard, H. F., New York, Adminis- 
tration Building, Pavilion C; a. maga- 
zines and newspapers; b. technical and 
industrial journals; c. illustrated news- 
papers; d. newspapers and statistics; e. 
statistics of journalism. 

Judd, Orange, Co., New York; books 
and ])eriodicals. 

Kellogg. E. L., & Co.. New York; 
school books, charts, maps, appliances, 
etc. 

Lieber, B., Franklin; telegraphic cipher 
and manual. 

Ijovell, A., & Co., New York; school 
books, charts, etc. 

lIcDowell & Co., New York; fashion 
journals. 

Manning, Thomas; American yacht 
list. 



Manufacturers' Publishing Co., New 
York; directory of manufacturers. 

JIarks. Montague, New York; methods 
of illustrating an art magazine. 

Moss Engraving Co., New York; 
engravings. 

New York, State of; relief map. 

New York State Librar_y, Albany; 
library book shelving, books and cata- 
logues. 

Ottman, .J., Lithographing Co., New 
York; lithographing establishment, show- 
ing entire process of making and printing 
litliographs. 

Packard, S. S., New York; text books, 

Plimpton, Geo. A., New York; histori- 
cal collection of school books. 

Radtke, Lauckner & Co., New York; 
I etchings and engravings. 
j Schedler, Hermann, New York; ii. 
\ lithographs; b. geographical globes. 
; SchoU, Bruno, Brooklj'n; posters 
i printed from wood. 

Scribner's_ Charles, Sons, New York; 
books, magazines, manuscripts, draw- 
ings, engravings, etc. 

Seeger-Guernsey Co.,. New York; cy- 
clopa'dia of manufactures and product.?. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; illumina- 
tions on parchment, copper and steel en- 
graving, stamping, etc. 

L^niversity Publishing Co., New York; 
school text books. 

Wells. Charles R., Syracuse; system of 
penmanship. 

Westervelt, A. B. & W. T., New York; 
library book shelving. 

Wood. VV^m., i& Co., New York; med- 
ical books. 



GEOUP 151. INSTRUMENTS OF PKECISION. 



Albertype Co., New York; albertypes. 

American Aristotype Co.. Jamestown; 
photographs on aristopaper. 

Andrews, E. R. , Rochester; cameras 
and photographic a]iiiaratus. 

Anthony, E. & H. T., & Co., New 
York; photographic apparatus and sup- 
plies. 

Bates Mfg. Co., New York; numbering 
machine. 

Bausch & Lomb Ojitictd Co. , Rochester; 
optical goods. 

Breese. James U.. New York; carbon 
portraits and reproductions. 

Brooks. E. J., i.t Co., New York; pest 
office stamps. 

■ Crandall, Frank G., New York; photo- 
graph platinum print. , 

Dana, Edw. C., New York; photo- 
graphs. 

Davis & Cook, Watertown ; spirit 
levels 

Ei'istman Kodak Co., Rochester; photo- 
graphic goods. 



Eddy, Geo. M., & Co., Brooklyn; meas- 
uring tapes. 

Ehrlich, David, New York; photo- 
graphs. 

Farns worth, Emma J., Albany; ama- 
teur photographs. 

Gerrv. J H., New York; astronomical 
regulator. 

Gundlach Optical Co., Rochester; a. 
telescopes; b. photographic lenses; c. 
microscope stands, etc. 

Gurley. W. & L. E., Troy; ". survey- 
ors' instruments; b. civil engineers' in- 
struments. 

Heinrich. H. H., New York; marine 
chronometers. 

Hohmann & Maurer Mfg. Co.. Brook- 
lyn; thermometers and steam gauges. 
" Keuffel 6i Esser, New York;" surveying 
instruments and drawing material. 

Kurtz, W.. New York; photographs, 
crayon portr.-iits, half tone engravings, etc. 

MciVllister, T. H., New York; stereop- 
ticans, magic lanterns, etc. 



Rei'dkt on the Liberal Arts Exhibit. 



493 



McMichel, H., Buffalo; photographic 
studies. 

Jk-yrowitz, E, B., New York; micro- 
scopes, microtome, etc. 

Piicli Bros., KcAv York: iihoton-niphs. 

Photo Material Co.. Rochcslcr.- ]ihoto- 
graphic apparatus auil supplies, por- 
traits, etc. 



GROUl' 152. — 
York; Pennsyl- 



Barou, Hcury, New 
vania Railroad Company 

l)orinit/er, Mrs. Ileiiry. New York; 
window seats aud iilatfornis. 

Emmet, L. P., New York; designs and 
drawings. 

GilTord, Chas. Ailing, New York; New 
Jer.sey State Building. 

Gilbert, BradforcC New York; New 
York Central Kailroiul Building, 

Hunt. Hicluird M., New York; Admin- 
istration Building. 



Kadam, Wm., New Yoi-k; microphoto- 
graphs. 

Self winding Clock Co., New York, 
self-winding astronomical regulator. 

Slade, Elizal)cth Almy, New York; 
amateur photographs. 

Yates, Artluu- P., Syracuse; bromide 
paint. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

McKim, Mead & White, New York; 
Aiiricultural Building, New York St.nte 
Biiilding, While Star Building, Puck 
Building. 

Post, Geo. B., New York; Man\ifactures 
and Liberal Arts Building. 

Sanli, Fillipo Luigi, New York; arebi- 
tect\iral plans. 

Tracy, Mrs. Harriet llutb. New York; 
model of passenger elevators. 

Wilson, .James G., New York; shutters, 
blackboards, doors, etc. 



GEOIJP 153. 



American Philatelic Association 
York-, collection of stamps. 

Cutler Manufacturing Co., Rochester; 
mail <'butcs and boxes. 

International Postal Supply Co., New 
York; machine for stamping and cancel- 
ing envelopes. 

New York, State of, Comptroller's 
Office; reports, documents, historical data, 
etc. 



GOVERNMENT AND LAW 

New 



GROUP 15i. COMMERCE 

American Vending Macliine Co., New 
York; vending machines. 

Bates jManufacturing Co., New York; 
numbering machines. 

GROUP 



New York, State; of. Insurance Depart- 
ment; reports, ilocuments, statistics, ecc. 

New York, State of, Treasurer's De- 
partment; documents, statistics, reports, 
etc. 

New York House of Refuge. Rjxndall's 
Island; samples of school and industrial 
work. 

United States Trade Mark Association, 
New York; trade marks; literature and 
laws. 

TRADE AND BANKING. 

New Y'ork Life Insurance Co., New 
York; theory of life insurance by charts, 
pyramids, etc. 



156. 



New York, State of; history of soldiers' monuments in the Slate of New York, 
with photographs. 

GROUP 157. 



American Bible Society, New York; 
bibles, testaments and portions in various 
laugu;igi's. 

American Tract Society, New York; 
evangelical publications, methods of gos- 
pel work, etc. 

GROUP 158.- 



Methodist Book Concern, New York; 
publications. 

National Temperance Society and Pub- 
lishing House, New York; books, pam- 
phlets, tracts and charts. 

Seventh Day Baptist Denomination, 
Alfred Center; books, papers, etc. 



•MUSICAL 

Automatic Piano Co., New York; piano 
and automaton attachments. 

Bacon, Francis, New York; pianos. 

Behr Bros. Co., New York; pianos. 

Boardman & Gray, Albany; pianos. 

Colrniau. Henrj", New York; brass 
musical instruments. 



INSTRUMENTS. 



Dolge. Alfred &Son, New York; piano- 
forte materials. 

Bstey Piano Co., New York; pianos. 

Fischer. J. i: C, New York; pianos. 

Friedrich. .John. & Bro., New York; 
violins, violas, etc. 

Foot, J. Howard, New York; flutes, 
guitars and band instriuneuts. 



49-i 



Nkw Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Gemunder, August, & Sous, New York 
violius, cellos, violas, guitars, etc. 

Hardman, Peck & Co., New York 
pianos. 

Harrington, E. G., & Co., New York 
pianos. 

Hartmaun Bros. & Reinhard, New 
York; guitars, zithers, maudolins, etc. 

Herrgurger-Schwauder & Son, New 
York; pianoforte actions and parts. 

Jacob Bros., New York; pianos. 

Kranich & Bach, New York; pianos. 

Mannello, Augelo, New York; mando- 
lins and m.'indolas. 

Meneely, CUnton H., Bell Co., Troy; 
chime of bells. 



Needham Piano-Organ Co., New York; 
a. pianos; b. reed organs. 

Rogers, Joseph, Jr., Highview; banjo 
and drumheads. 

Schubert Piano Co., New York; pianos. 

Sohmer & Co., New York; pianos. 

Strauch Bros., New York; piano 
actions. 

Waterloo Organ Co., Waterloo; is. 
pianos; b. reed organs. 

Wegnian & Co., Auburn; pianos. 

Wessell, Nickel & Gross, New York; 
piano actions and part. 

Ziraraermann, C. T., Co., Dolgeville; 
autoharps. 



EEPOET OX THE XEW YORK IXDIAX EXHIBIT. 



By Rev. JOHN W. SANBORls, Dikector. 



TTheii the Dutcli settled Xew Amsterdam in 1614 thej found a 
republic in the wilderness ^vhose Constitution and laws were free from 
complications which have so often led. among other races, to conflict — 
a Constitution framed to prevent pc)litical corruption, and which 
achieved, in the hands of its founders, eminent success in that impor- 
tant particular. The confederacy was in so complete a state whenXew 
York was founded tliat historians are justiried in their conclusion that 
it had been previously in successful ojieration for many years. The 
Iroquois were called the Five Xations. and included the following 
tribes : Mohawks, Onondagas, Seuecas, Oneidas and Cayugas. Their 
federal arms consisted of a bear, a deer, a wolf, a turtle, and a beaver. 

The original piece of wampum made to commemorate the confedera- 
tion of the Ave tribes, and which, therefore, antedates the Columbian 
discovery, is owned b}' Hon. John Boyd Thacher, of Albany, X. Y., 
and during the exposition was exhibited in the Government Building. 

The Tuscaroras were of true Iroquois stock, and before the arrival 
of Columbus were reputed to have had 1,200 warriors. At a very 
early daj' the tribe migrated to the valley of the Mississippi, and thence, 
after many years, to the region in the south since known as North 
Carolina. In 1712 the white race overpowered the Tuscaroras and 
drove them out. After various vicissitudes the remnant of the tribe 
found its way to the country of the Five Xations, and obtained admis- 
sion into the '' Ho-da-no-sau-nee,'' or Long House, as the Iroquois league 
was termed. Thereafter the confederacy was known as that of the 
Six Xations. This reception of the Tuscaroras took place about the 
year 1715. 

Tlie league was founded to preserve internal peace and to resist the 
eiicroaclnnents of foreign foes. A wise statesman has declared, after 
studying the Constitution of the league, that " it was the most con- 
summate piece of state.smanship ever derised by the wit of man." 
An(Jtlier says that "'it is free from those complicated contrivances 
which have become necessary to those nations where deceit and cun- 
ning have increased as mucli as their knowledge and wisdom." 

The league had its beginning among the Mohawks, the Onondagas 
and Seuecas soon uniting with tiiem. Afterwards the Oneidas were 
adopted by the Mohawks, and regard them as their fathers, while the 
Cayugas were adopted by the Seuecas, and look upon tliem as their 
ti'thers. The ]\Iohawks and Oneidas had each three families or clans, 
but the others liad eight. Each family had its own peculiar ensign or 
mark, and" the family sachem affixed that mark as his legal official 
signature. 

"Each nation was a republic Ijy itself, governed by the sachems of 
tlie respective families. Majority rule did not prevail. All decisions 
were rendered unanimously, if at all. Xo bitter feeling was engendered, 



496 JSTbw Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

because each, sachem's opinion was fully respected. Honor and esteem 
were the rewards of merit ; sliame and contempt were the recompense 
of ill-desert. Each family bore the name of some animal or bird. 
The mark of a family was the animal whose name it bore. 

No man could marry into his own family, or clan. The children fol- 
lowed the clan of the mother ; therefore, no chief could be succeeded in 
office by his own son. All members of the wife's clan were her 
brothers and sisters ; none of them, therefore, would go to war with 
each other. J^eitlier would they war with her husband or with his 
family or clan, for that would be a family quarrel — an unheard-of 
occurrence. A half-ljrother to a sachem could succeed him, or a sister's 
son, or some other distant relative, but only through the female line. 
Matters of national importance were settled at conventions or councils 
of all the sachems. The grand councils are to this day held among the 
Onondagas. The sachems, or heads of families, number fifty in all. 
There has always been, among the Six Nations, an order of war chiefs 
or military leaders, whose authority came simply by virtue of their 
bravery and abilitj'. The slightest cowardice on the part of one of them 
deprived a warrior of his rank as chief. The sachems are nominated 
in their respective clans by tlie eldest woman in each clan. 

The Iroquois league held the balance of power on this continent in 
all the early strugg-les between the French and English, and threw its 
weight on the side of the latter. One of the most conspicuous and 
remarkable facts of American history is the fidelity with which the 
Iroquois lield allegiance to the English. When Sir William Johnson 
died, to whom the Mohawks allied themselves, they linked their for- 
tunes with Sir William's family, and followed them to the north, 
departing forever from their life-long abodes, and are now found along 
the St. Lawrence river. They are known as tiie St. Regis, or St. 
Francis Mohawks. 

In 1677 the entire force of Iroquois warriors numbered 2,150. 
Never in the history of Greece or Kome, or any other nation of 
earth, have 2,000 warriors, produced such results or wielded so 
mighty an influence over so wide a realm as the Iroquois in those 
palmy days. They conquered the territory from the Atlantic ocean 
to the Mississippi river, and not only called it theirs, but located 
representative chiefs, or consuls, throughout this wide domain, and 
levied tribute on conquered tribes. A dependent tribe on Long Island, 
200 years ago, neglected to pay the customary tribute, and even dared 
to sell some land without consent of their conquerors. A Mohawk 
chief, in full war dress, appeared in their midst, convened their coun- 
cil, asked why the tribute had failed, demanded to know the name of 
the chief who first put his signature to the deed of sale, drew his 
tomahawk, and, ajj^Ji'oaching the chief who arose in confession to the 
signature, slew him. The cpuncil was paralyzed with fear, and the 
haughty Iroquois, without another word, turned into the forest and 
retraced his steps unmolested 200 miles to his own people. Such was 
the power of the league everywhere. 

The league was a union of five tribes made up of clans, all forming 
one government, each tribe having local authority like our individual 




< 

_! 
_! 



o 
o 



Report on the Indian Exhibit. -±97 

States. There was a general council of sachems, tifty in number, of 
equal rank and authority. This council had supreme power in matters 
pertaining to tlie league. The fifty sachems held office perpetually. 
The}' had power to till vacancies in the clans by elections, but only 
on the nomination of the eldest woman of the clan. These sachems 
could depose a chief for cause, but they could not invest a sachem with 
office ; the general council did that. The sachems of any tribe, with 
the 'war chiefs of that tribe, formed the council of the tribe and had 
authority similar to that of a State Legislature. 

All public acts became so only by the unanimous decision of the 
league. The sachems voted by tribes in the general council ; thus, 
a small tribe had as much power as a large one. The council of each 
tribe had power to convene the general council, but the general coun- 
cil had not power to convene itself. The orators of the people had 
perfect liberty to discuss public questions before the general coimcil, 
but only the general council could render a decision. Such, in brief, 
are the characteristics of the famous league of the Iroquois. 

The present number of Indians belonging to the confederation is 
greater than ever before. It includes 8,483 in Canada, 5,187 in the 
State of New York, 98 in Pennsylvania, 22.5 in the Indian Territory, 
1,716 in Wisconsin, and 79 elsewhere, making a total of 15,788. 

Contact with the whites has caused the prestige of the league to 
wane, and the tribes have adopted in a measure a form of government 
similar to that of our own municipalities. The Senecas, for instance, 
have become a corporate body by act of Legislature, and are known as 
'• The Seneca ISTation of Indians." They have a president, secretary, 
treasurer, councillors, marshal, overseer of the jjoor and peacemakers. 

The Tonawauda Indians are Senecas, and are settled in Genesee 
county. They hold to the old form of government by chiefs, with a 
slight admixture of modern government. The same is true of the 
Tuscaroras, Mohawks and Onoudagas. The Oneidas hold their lands 
in severalty, and are ])retty nearly sold out. The Cayugas are scattered 
among the other trilies, but chieiiy among the Senecas, and have no 
separate government. 

There are twenty-seven school houses on the reservations of the 
State and twenty-nine schools supported by the State. There is great 
need of a higher institution of learning among the Indians. 

The New York Iroquois are self-supporting. Small annuities in 
goods and money are paid them by the United States government and 
by the State of New York. The Tuscaroras and Oneidas receive no 
annuities ; the others get from all sources about $23,000 every year. 
Seven- reservations of the State comprise 85,787 acres of land. A little 
more than one-third of this is under cultivation, while fully one-half of 
the Allegany reservation cannot be cultivated at all. The Tuscaroras 
are wards of the Senecas, and in 1808 the Seneca Nation transferred 
to them a tract of laud one mile square, and the consideration therefor 
is set forth in the deed which they executed. This remarkable docu- 
ment reads : '' The sachems and warriors of the Seneca Nation of 
Indians, in consideration of the love and affection which they bear unto 
the said Tuscarora Nation of Indians, have released and quit-claimed 

63 



498 New York at the World's Colusibian Exposition. 

all that tract of land situate in the township of Erie, connty of Gene- 
see, State of New York, on which part of the Tuscaroi'as now live." 

The Six Nations are raising fair crops, as the following lignres will 
show. During the year 1893 they cnltivated 36,000 acres of land in 
New York State and produced 32,557 bushels of vegetables, 12,375 
bushels of wheat, 28,625 bushels of corn, 26,050 bushels of oats and 
barley and 28,130 tons of hay. 

These facts, though meager in comparison to what might be pre- 
sented did space allow, will serve to emphasize the fact that the Iro- 
quois, once powerful in war, are susceptible of improvement in all the 
arts of civilization, and it is matter of congratulation that they are 
eager for better things and learning to take kindly to the spirit of 
modern progress, and if such is their advancement under tribal govern- 
ment what may not be expected when they are free from the ham- 
pering restrictions which now bind them ? 

In view of the remarkable career of the Iroquois, and the main- 
tenance intact of their famous confederacy amid all the conliicts 
between the French and English, and in view of the unwavering 
mutual fidelity between the settlers of New York and the Iroquois, it 
was eminently iitting that at the World's Columbian Exposition they 
should be properly rej^resented, for they, more than any other race, 
are the connecting link between the days of Columbus and our own 
times. 

The Indians are emerging from their former state of semi-barbarism 
and awakening to the better condition which is befoi'e them ; the ques- 
tion, therefore, whether the New York Iroquois should represent at 
Chicago their ancient savagery, and go back to what they were 400 
years ago, or show the progress which they liave made and the civiliza- 
tion which they have attained, was difficult to determine ; but, as 
director-in-chief of this exhiliit, my conclusion was that it would be an 
injustice to our high-minded and self-respecting chiefs to require them 
to lapse into barbarism even for one summer for the sake of showing 
their past history. It did seem proper, however, that the most ancient 
bark houses should be erected, and that the people should dress in 
tanned deer skin suits of the genuine Iroquois pattern, while, at the 
same time, they gave daily exhibition of their jn-ogress in education, 
religion and the arts of peace. The thousands of visitors to this 
exhibit were, for the most part, astonished to learn that our Indians 
were capable of such improvement as was shown. One distinguished 
visitor, Hon. A. W. Ferrin, United States Indian agent for New York, 
said lately in his report : " Several Indians of different tribes have been 
at the fair, and have represented the improved life of the New York 
Indians since they dropped their savagery and barbarism. They have 
conducted themselves in a manner to give visitors a good opinion of 
their capability and to enlist the sympathy of strangers. They have been 
given full opportunity to visit-the various departments of the exjio- 
sition, and their experience will, no doubt, be of much benefit, not only 
to those who were selected to represent their resnective tribes, but 
indirectly to the people at large." 

In the preparation of the bark and poles necessary for the construe- 



Kepoet on the Indian Exhibit. 499 

tion of the houses of the exliibit, Indians were employed as far as pos- 
sible. The poles and bark for one house came from the Cattaraugus 
reservation, and were gotten out by Chief Xathaniel Kennedy. The 
material for the Long House and other dwellings came from Gorliam 
and Xaples, in Ontario county, the headquarters of the Seneca tribe 
in the earliest times. Here a large number of trails centered, and 
here the councils were frequently held. Twenty-three varieties of 
wood entered into the framework of the houses, viz., hemlock, beech, 
black birch, yellow birch, rock majile, soft majjle, black cherry, hickory, 
slippery elm, swamp elm, black ash, white ash, dogwood, ironwood, 
black oak, red oak, white oak, poplar, basswood, whitewood, cucumber 
wood, butternut and chestnut. The siding of the houses was of bass- 
wood bark, one strip being thirteen feet six inches long and live feet 
six inches wide. The rooting was of elm bark. In order to a^'oid 
leakage bark spouts were placed under the joints made hx the roofing. 
Five houses were p>ut up, reproductions of the dwellings built by tlie 
Iroquois 400 years ago. Two of the dwellings were oblong, each ten 
feet wide and fifteen feet long. Two houses were circular, each being 
fourteen feet in diameter. One of these was sui-ronnded with a single, 
double and triple stockade such as served for defense in early days. 
. The Long House, or "Ho-da-no-sau-nee," was twenty feet wide 
and forty-five feet long. It was patterned after the earhest kno'wn 
council house which stood more than 200 years ago on the site of 
Albany. There were no complete plans of the ancient houses except as 
they could be gathered up in fragments here and there. In drawing 
plans for these houses the director-in-chief made use of such informa- 
tion as he has been gathering in the past sixteen years supplemented 
by the experience of some of the most e.xpert builders among the 
Iroquois. Neither nails nor pins entered into the construction of the 
bark houses. The rafters, poles, posts, l)ark rooting and siding were 
securely fastened with withes of hickory and slippery elm. 

On account of the difficulty of peeling bark before the first of May, 
the exhibit was hot projjerly installed until July. The location of the 
camp was selected by the cliief of the department of ethnology at 
Chicago, Professor F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge. The site for the 
camp was a grassy plat fronting on the South Pond and easily reached 
by the Intramural railroad. The four- canoes, made after the primitive 
manner by our Indians, attracted much attention, and the similarity 
between these and the old canoe which was among the Columbian 
relics in the yard of the Convent La Pabida was striking proof that 
the Iroquois dug-out canoes in our exhibit were true to history, for 
without doubt Columbus' models were patterned after those of the 
Indians. 

Fourteen Indians were engaged to form the colony from the Six 
Ifations of the State, but five of them were not ready when the time 
of departure came. Later on others joined the force, making the 
representation twelve in number. Among them were the following : 
Solomon O'Bail, a Seneca, the grandson of tJie distinguished chief 
" Cornplanter " who treated with General AYashington. Washington 
caused a medal to be struck in recognition of Cornplanter's services to 



500 New York at the World's Colujibian Exposition. 

the Colonial government, and the Legislature of Pennfylvania made a 
grant of land to him in return for services rendered to that State. 
Chief O'Bail is seventy -eight years old and is a man of remarkable 
mind. 

Chief Lewis Bennet, known to the world as " Deerfoot," was also in 
our camp. He is the champion long distance runner of the world, 
having run eleven and a half miles and ninety -nine yards in one hour. 
This remarkable feat was performed about thirty years ago in the 
presence of the Prince of Wales and other notables. At the conclusion 
of the race the prince gave a dinner in honor of "Deerfoot," at which 
he was greatly lionized. He is from the Seneca tribe and is sixty -five 
years old. 

Chief Luther W. Jack is a Tuscarora sachem about thirty years of 
age and of magnificent projjortions. He has for some time been the 
secretary of the Six I^ations. Llis wife, Louisa Jack, also a Tuscarora, 
is skillful with her needle, and an adept at beadwork and other 
ornamentation. 

Chief Daniel LaFort is probabl}^ the best Indian linguist in America. 
He converses fluently in any one of the six languages of the Iroquois. 
He is the president of tire Six Nations, wields a conniianding influence, 
and decides who shall speak in the councils, and how long. At general 
councils chiefs are j)resent from six tribes, whose languages are distinct 
one from the other. Suj)pose a speaker to be a Mohawk, and any one 
of the otliers to be unacquainted with that language. Chief LaFort 
promptly interprets into the language of the one who does not under- 
stand, and in this way every representative present knows what has 
been said. Chief LaFort's grandfather was a famous chieftain, and 
his father, also distinguished, was a graduate of Hobart College, 
Geneva. 

There were also present Chief Williams, a Tuscarora, the vice- 
president of the Six Nations ; Emeline Garlow, a Tuscarora ; Myron 
Silverheels and Ananias, his son, both Allegany Senecas ; Emeline 
Patterson, a bright Mohawk girl, who at the close of the exposition 
began a course of study at the Carlisle school ; Mrs. Kittie Coates and 
Mrs. Emma Peeves, skillful basket makers and singers. 

The chiefs were constantly questioned about their customs, history 
and social life, and liy their intelligent answers, courteously given, did 
much to further the laudable purpose in view in the installation of this 
exhibit. They explained the peculiar uses of the articles on exhibition, 
and performed certain of the most interesting ceremonies j)eculiar to 
the Iroquois. 

On the 28th day of October, 1893, a council was convened at the 
camp at Jackson Park by President LaFort and the other chiefs. 
They were dressed in their buckskin costumes, bedecked with feathers, 
and gathered around a huge council fire which burned in the center of 
the council house. The coimcit was called for the jJi^i'pose of adopt- 
ing Mr. Will Carleton, the poet, and Mrs. Carleton, into the Six 
Nations. Chief Jack made a brief speech introducing the candidates 
to the Indians ; Chief Bennet led them back and forth, dancing the 
war dance and singing the war song, while the rest of the Indians kept 




to 
< 



o 

d 

o 



^ 



Report ox the Indian Exhibit. 501 

time to the stepping with grants of approval An elaborate ceremony 
was performed, after which tlieir names were aimounced, liis being 
Da-dyu-ywat-ha, " he writes for all the world," and hers, Yei-iua-noh, 
" his protector."' 

These ceremonies illustrated to the people, more clearly than any 
word description could do, the customs which have always prevailed 
among the Indians. 

To the credit of the Iroquois who represented the Six jSTations in 
this exhibit, it should be said that during the entire summer there was 
no occasion to administer discipline in a single instance for intoxication. 
Our people carried themselves with perfect propriety, and when the 
camp broke up the first of November, and the Indians started for 
home, Chief Solomon O'Bail exiDressed himself as follows : " Had good 
time all summer; no mad words ; good time." 

Before concluding this report, it should be stated that I have been 
ably and faitlifully assisted in the arduous laliors incident to the prepa- 
ration of the buildings, and the maintenance of the exhibit, by Mr. J. 
H. Masten, of Steuben count}', New York. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT M, ETHNOLOGY. 



IISrDIVIDUAL 

Egyptian 



De Potter, Armand, Albany 
antiquities, 

Ingraliam, D. P., Elmira; pottery 
mound in Yucatan. 



from 



EXHIBITS. 

Kinney, Mrs. Louise Catliie, New York; 
28 pictures of Indian life hy George 
Cathie, the famous painter of American 
Indians fifty years ago. 



SECTION OF ANCIENT RELIGIOUS GAMES AND FOLK LORE. 



Dick & Fitzgerald, New Y'ork; books 
about games. 

Horseman, E. J., NewY'ork; exhibit of 
games. 

Kunz, George F. , New Y'ork; collection 



of gems and precious stones, illustrating 
the folk lore of the subject. 

Van Rensselaer, Mrs. J. K., New York; 
exhibit of playing cards from Leo 
collection. 



SECTION .OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 



Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. , New York ; 
shutter. 

Columbia College, New Y'ork; photo- 
graphs of laboratory equipment. 

Cornell University, Ithaca; photographs 
of laboratory equipment. 

Giles, J. E., New York; casts. 

Hunter, D. W., New York; oiJtical 
apparatus. 

Jefferson, C. S., New York; optical 
apparatus. 



Meyrowitz Bros., New York; optical 
apparatus. 

Northrup, W. P., New York; children's 
brains. 

Spitzka. E. C. . New York; statistical 
data, brains of anthropoids. 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 
Rochester; skeletons and models. 

Webb's Adder Co., New Y'ork; adding 
machine. 

Wood, Wallace, New York; composite 
statues. 



SECTION OF ETHNOGRAPHY'. 

New York State Exhibit; Iroqtiois village of bark houses in which are living rep- 
resentatives of the Six Nations; bark canoes and dugouts on South Pond. 

SECTION OF HISTORY'. 

Kimball, W. S., Rochester; collection i Scott Stamp and Coin Co., New Y^ork; 
of antique pepper boxes. I coins, postage stamps, etc. 

SECTION OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



Hart, W. W..&C0., New York; group 
of mounted otter, heads of musk ox, 
moose and caribou. 

Lattiii, F. H., Albion; typical collection 
of North American birds, showing man- 
ner of nesting, collection of birds' eggs, 
naturalist's supplies, etc. 



New York State Museum; mammals of 
the State, land and fresh- water shells. 

Ward's Nat;iral Science Establishment, 
Rochester; general natural historj' cabi- 
net, occupying the entire south gallery. 



EEPORT 0^ THE ZOOLOGICAL EXHIBIT. 



Bt WILLIAM B. MAESHALL. 



In the department of anthropology and ethnology at the "World's 
Columbian Exposition the Xew York scientitic exhibit consisted of 
three parts, viz. : 

I. The mastodon found at Cohoes, K^. Y., in 1S60, and presented to 
the ]^ew York State Museum by Alfred "Wild in the name of the Har- 
mony Mills Company of Cohoes. The twenty-first annual report of 
the State Cabinet contains a history of this specimen. 

II. A collection of stuifed animals illustrating the present and his- 
toric mammalian fauna of this State. Most of the specimens shown in 
this collection are from Xe-\r York localities, but a few, especially of 
those animals that are now extinct in ]S^ew York, are from localities 
outside of the State. 

III. A collection of the land and fresh-water shells of New York. 
The specimens shown in these exhibits were loaned under proper 

authority by the jSTew York State Museum. The shells were derived 
chietiy from the extensive collections presented to the museum in 1SS6 
and 1SS7 by Dr. Charles E. Beecher, but \aliiable contributions of 
specimens were received from the foUowiug gentlemen : Rev. W. M. 
Beauchamp, Baldwinsville ; Mr. Shelley Crump, Pittsford ; Mr. T. M. 
Fr}-, Syracuse ; Mr. W. S. Teator, Upper Red Hook ; Mr. Albert 
Bailey, Chepatehet ; Dr. S. Hart "Wriglit, Penn Yan ; Mr. James 
Delaney, Rochester ; Prof. George H. Hudson, Plattsbnrgh ; Rev. 
John "Walton, Rochester. 

Lists of the collections of mammals and shells are appended hereto. 



Didelphys virginiana, Shaw, opossum; 
male and female. 

Lepus S}-lvjiticus, Bacli.. wood hare; 
three specimens. 

Lepus americanus, Ei:r., northern haro; 
one specimen. 

Erethizon dorsatus, Linn., Canada por- 
cupine: male and albino. 

Zapus hudsonius, Uoues, jerboa; one 
specimen. 

Fiber zibethicus, Linn., muslirat; male 
and female. 

Fiber zibethicus, Linn., muskrat; one 
specimen. 

Arvicola pinetorum, Le C, pine mouse; 
one specimen. 

Arvicola riparius, Ord, meadow mouse; 
male, male-albino and female. 

Evotomvs rutilus gapperi, Coves, red- 
backed mouse; one specimen. 

Hesperorays leucopus, Euf., white- 
footeil mouse; one specimen. 

ilus musculus, Linn., common mouse; 
male and female. Introduced frf)m 
Europe. 



Mus decumanus, Pallas, brown rat; 
male, male-albino, female, female-pied. 
Introduced from Europe. 

Neotoma floridana, Ord, wood rat; one 
specimen. 

Castor fiber, Linn.. Beaver; group of 
two males, one female, two j'o\mg. Ex- 
tinct in New York. (See note I.) 

Arctomj's monax, Linn., woodchuck 
one specimen. 

Tamias striatus, Linn., chipmunk 
three specimens. 

Sciurus hudsonius, Er.i\, red squirrel 
male, female and albino. 

Sciurus carolinensis, Gmel., grey squir- 
rel ; five specimens. 

Sciurus niger, Linn., fox squirrel; five 
specimens. 

Sciuropterus volucella, 01., flying squir- 
rel; male and female. 

Sorex platyrhinus, De Kay, broad-nosed 
shrew; one specimen. 

Scalops aquaticus, Linn., shrew mole ; 
two specimens. 



504 



New Youk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Scapanus americanus, Bartnim, hairy- 
tailed mole, three specimens. 

Sorex caroliucnsis, Bach., Carolina 
shrew ; male. 

Condyhira oristata, IHigcr, .staruose 
mole ; three speeimens. 

Vespertilio snbulatus, Say, little brown 
hat ; male and female. 

Vespenig'o noctivagans, Le C, silver- 
haired bat : male and female. 

Atalapha uoveboraceusis, Er.r., New 
York bat ; male and female. 

Atalapha cinerea, Bean, hoar_v bat ; 
male. 

Oariacns virginianns, Bodd.. Virginia 
deer; male. Extinct in New York. 

Cervu.s canadensis, Er.r., wapiti or elk ; 
male and female. Extinct in New York. 
(See note 11.) 

Alee alees, Linn., var. americanus, 
Jtirdinn, moose ; male and female. (See 
note III.) 

Bison americanus. h'nui., American 
bison, or buft'alo; male and female. 
Formerly abundant in most parts of the 
United States; now e.xtinct, except a few- 
in the Yellowstone region. 

Phoca vitulina, Linn., harbor seal or 
common seal; male. Formerly abundant 
in the Hudson river and Long Island 
sound, but rarely seen at present. (See 
note IV.) 

Cysto]ihoracristnta, Gnieh, hooded seal; 
male and female. An accidental visitor to 
Long Island sound. (See note V.) 



Proc3'on lot or, Linn., raccoon ; male 
and femak'. 

Ursus americ'inus, Pn/lds. black bear; 
male 

Lutra canadensis, TnHon. American 
otter ; female. 

jMephitis mephitica, Skaw, skunk ; male 
and female. 

Gulo luscus, Brisson, wolverine or glut- 
ton ; male. Extinct in New York. (See 
note VI.) 

Mustela americana, Tnrtvn, sable or 
pine martin ; male. 

Mustela pennanti. Kiw., fisher or black 
cat ; male and female. 

Putorius vison, Sehrdn-r. mink ; three 
specimens. 

Putorius ermiuea, Linn., ermine, w'casel 
or stoat ; live specimens. 

Putorius nivalis, Linn., least weasel; 
one specimen. 

Vulpes fulvus, D(S., red fox; male and 
female. 

Urocyou ciuereo-argcntatiis, Schrelifi; 
gray fox ; male. 

Canis lujius. Linn , wolf; two males. 
Nearly extinct in New York. (See note 
VII.)" 

Lynx canadensis, Bts., Canada lynx ; 
male. 

Lynx rufus. Giild., wild cut, or bay 
lynx ; male and female. 

Felis coneolor, Linn, panther, cougar or 
]iuma; male, female and kittens. Nearly 
extinct in New York, (See note VIII.) 



NOTE I. 

The Beaver. 

"According to a letter from the Dutch West India Company, preserved in the 
Albany Uecords, we learn that in WiA, -tOO beavers and 7(10 otter skins were exported; 
the number increased in Ui85 to 14,891 beaver and 1,413 otter skins; and the whole 
number in the ten ^ears was 80,183 beavers and r,347 otters, amounting in value to 
725,117 guililers." — l)c Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. 

The beaver, once abundant and of great commercial importance, is still, perhaps, 
entitled to be considered an inhabitant of New York "At present there is a small 
colony of beavers on a stream that empties into the west branch of the St. Regis 
river. It is probably the colony referred to by Dc Kay in 1843, as ' yet existing in 
the southern ]iart of Franklin county.' It is to be earnestly hoped that the hunters 
who frequent that part of the wilderness will spare no pains to protect these animals 
from molestation." — ilerriani, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. 



NOTE IL 

The Wapiti, or American Elk. 

' ' The stag is still found in the State of New York, but very sparingly, and will doubt- 
less be extirpated before many yejj'S. ]\Ir. Beach, an intelligent hunter (Mi the 
Racquet, assured me that in 1836 "he shot at a stag (or, as he called it, an elk) on the 
north branch of the Sar.anac. He had seen many of the horns, and describt'd this one 
as much larger than the biggest buck ({'. virginiantis), with iinniense long and 
rounded horns, with many short antlers. His account was confirmed by another 
hunter, Vaughan, who killed a stag at nearly the same place. They arc found in 
the uorthwestera counties of Pennsylvania, and the adjoining counties of New York. 



Repoet on the Zoological Exhibit. 505 

In 1834, I am informed by Mr. Philip Cliurcli, a stag was killed at Bolivar, Allegany 
county. My informant saw the animal, and his description corresponds exactly with 
this species." — De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. 

"That the American Elk, or Wapiti (Cervus canadensis), was at one time common 
in the Adirondacks, there is no question. * * * When the species was extermi- 
nated here is not known. * * * I do not regard the account of Messrs. Beach and 
Vaughan as trustworthy, for the reason that I have never been able to find a hunter in 
this wilderness, however aged, who had ever heard of a living elk in the Adiron- 
dacks." — Merriam, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. 

NOTE III. 

The Moose. 

The male moose exhibited was killed in the town of Ohio, Herkimer county. New 
Tork, in Januar}', ISol. Ten years later the moose was exterminated in New York. 

NOTE rv. 

The Hakbor Seai,, Common Seal. 

Harbor seals " are now comparativelj- rare in our waters, but were formerly very 
abundant. A certain reef of rocks in the harbor of New York is called Bobbins reef, 
from the numerous seals which were accustomed to resort there, robin or robynheing 
the name in Dutch for seal. At some seasons, even at the present day, thej' are very 
numerous, particularly about the Execution Rocks in the Sound, but their visits 
appear to be very capricious. * * * In the Kingston (U. C.) GJironide of Feb- 
ruary, 1823 or 1824, there is a notice of a seal having been taken on the ice on Lake 
Ontario, near Cape Vincent (Jefferson county), this State. The paper gives no descrip- 
tion, but asserts, on the authority of Indian traders, that seals ha'>'e heretofore been 
seen on the borders of the lake, though the circumstance is one of rare occurrence." 
— De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. 

According to the Natural and Civil History of Vermont, a seal was captured on 
the ice on Lake Champlain, a little south of Burlington, in February, 1810, and one 
was killed upon the ice between Burlington and Port Kent, in February, 1846. 

" During the past winter one was killed on Onondaga lake that must have reached 
this remote inland water by wa}' of Lake Ontario. 

"I have seen many of these seals in Long Island Sound, chiefly upon the Thimble 
Islands; and March 25, 1879, I saw one on a rock in the Hudson river, near Sing 
Sing." — Merriam, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. 

According to newspaper reports a harbor seal was killed in the Hudson river at 
Hyde Park in the spriiig of 1893. 

NOTE V. 

The Hooded Seal. 

De Kay's description of the hooded seal " was taken from an adult male captured 
near Eastchester, about fifteen miles from the citj' (New York) * * « The pre- 
ceding must be considered as the first notice of its existence within our territorial 
limits, where it can oulj' be regarded as a rare and accidental visitor. — De Kay, 
Zoology of New York, 1842. 

So far as known this is the only record of the occurrence of the hooded seal in 
New York. 

NOTE VI. 

WovBRiNE, Glutton, Cahcajou. 

"Although we have not met with this animal, yet hunters who have killed them 
repeatedly, and knew them well, have assured us that they are still found in the dis- 
tricts north of Racquet Lake. It is, however, everywhere a rare species. Prof. 
Emmons states that they still exist in the Hoosae mountains, Jlassachusetts. * * * 
The Wolverine was formerly found as far south as Carolina, but its southern limits at 
present do not extend south of the forty -second degree." — De Kay, Zoology of 
New York, 1843. 

64 



506 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

" The Wolverine {Oulo liiscus) is not now an inhabitant of the Adirondaeks, and I 
have been unable to find among the hunters and trappers of this region any one who 
has ever seen it in our wilderness. * * *' Dr. Bachnian killed one, about the 
year 1811, in its den in a ledge of rocks in Rensselaer county." — Merriam, Mammals 
of the Adirondaeks, 1884. 

NOTE VII. 

The Wolf. 

The wolf still occurs sparingly in the Adirondaeks. Several packs were reported in 
the newspapers in the winter of 189U-1891. The Game Law of 1893 offers a bounty of 
thirty dollars for each grown wolf and fifteen dollars for each pup wolf. 

NOTE VIII. 

The Pantuei!, Puma, Cougar. 

"A full grown male panther, weighing IDO pounds, was shot in Stone Lane, 
within the Seheuectiidy city limits, Stiturday afternoon. The animal is thought to 
have strayed from tlie Adirondaeks." — Albany Press and Knickerbocker, Tuesday, 
September 5, 18:13. 'I'lie Game Law of 1893 offers a bounty of twenty dollars for 
each panther killed in the State. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- 
MENT M, ETHNOLOGY. 



Land and Feesh-AVatek Shells. 



I. 



FKESH WATER-BIVALVES. 



Order Asiphonida. Class Pelecy- 
PODA. Family Unionid.e. Genus Unio, 
BetHus. 

Uuio alatus, Say, Genesee river; Pick- 
ett collection. 

Uuio alatus, Say, Pittsford, Monroe 
county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Uuio alatu.Sj i^ay, Lake Champlaiu. 

Uuio gracilis, Jitirncs, Cross lake, Ouou- 
daga county; Key. W. M. Beauchamp. 

tJnio gracilis, Barnes, Eric canal, 
liochester; James Delaney. 

Unio gracilis, Barnes, Eiie canal, Mon- 
roe couuty; Rev. Jolm Waltou. 

Unio gracilis, Barnes, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio pressus. Lea, Norman's Kill, Al- 
bany; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio pressus. Lea, JIauusville, Jeffer- 
son county; T. M. Fry. 

Unio pressus, Ia'u, Wellsville, Allegany 
couuty; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio undulatus, Barnes, Pittsford, 
Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio undulatus, Barnes. Erie canal, 
Monroe couuty; Rev. John AYalton. 

Uuio undulatus, Barnes, Erie canal, 
Monroe county. 

Unio perplexus. Lea, Allegany river, 
near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio verrucosus, Barnes. AUeganj' 
river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio ovatus, Say, Allegany river, near 
boundary; C'. E. Beecher. 

Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Genesee river, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Erie canal, On- 
ondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Unio rubigiuosus. Lea, Erie canal, 
Rochester. 

Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Genesee canal, 
Rochester; Pickett collection. 

Unio crassidens, Lanairek, Allegany 
river, near boundary; C. E, Beecher. 

Unio clavus, Lanairc/,-, Allegany river, 
near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio patul'us, Lj-a = \J. clavus, Tmih., 
Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Unio ellipsis, Tjca, Niagara river, 
Niagara Falls; S. M. Luther. 



Uuio ventricosus, Barnes, Seneca river, 
Onondaga county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio ventricosus, Barnes, Seneca river, 
Onondaga couuty; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Unio ventricosus, Barnes, Tonawanda 
creek, Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart 
Wright. 

Unio occideus, l^eu, Tonawanda creek, 
Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart A\' right. 

Unio occidens, Xca, Pittsford. Monroe 
county; Shellej^ 6. Crump. 

Unio occidens, Ijii, Seneca river, Onon- 
daga county ; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Unio ochraceus. Say, Champlaiu caual, 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio ochraceus. Say, Hudson river, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio cariosus. Say, Chamjilain canal. 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio cariosus. Say, Hudson river, Al- 
bany; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio cariosus. Say, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher, 

Unio multiradiatus. Lea, Genesee river, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Unio multiradiatus, Lea, Butternut 
creek, Otsego county. 

Unio multiradiatus, Lea, Medina, Or- 
leans couuty; Pickett collection. 

Uuio multiradiatus. Lea, Alleganyi 
river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio ligamentiuus, Jjim., Allegany 
river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio luteolus, Lam., NewYork; Gould 
collection. 

Unio luteolus, Lam., Genesee river, 
Monroe county; Rev. J. Walton. 

Unio luteolus. Lam., Cross lake, Onon- 
daga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Unio luteolus. Lam., Ischua creek, Cat- 
taraugus -county; C. E. Beecher. 

Uuio luteolus. Lam.. Pittsford, Monroe 
couuty; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio luteolus. Lam., Oswego lake; 0. 
E. Beecher. 

Unio luteolus. Lam., Onondaga lake, 
Syracuse; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio luteolus. Lam., Genesee river; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Unio rosaceus. Be Kay=\}. luteolus, 
LMm., Charlotte, Monroe county; Rev. 
John Walton. 



608 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Unio radiatus, Lam., Little lakes, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Bcecher. 

Unio radiatus. Lam., Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus, Lam., Seneca lake; T. 
M. Fry. 

Unio radiatus. Lam., Schuyler's lake, 
Otsego county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus, Lam., Onondaga lake; 
0. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus, Lam., Champlaiu canal, 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus, Xow., Clicnango river; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus. Lam., Tioga river, Steu- 
ben county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio radiatus, in.m., Little lakes, 
Herkimer county; J. G. Anthony. 

Unio radiatus, Lam., Hudson river, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio fabalis, Lea. Allegany river, near 
boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio parvus, Barnes, Syracuse; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Unio parvus, Barnes, Erie canal, Onon- 
daga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Unio parvus, Barnes, Genesee canal, 
Monroe county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. 

Unio complnnatua, Sol., Champlain 
canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Hudson river, 
Albanj'; 0. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sil., Norman's Kill, 
Albany; 0. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol. , Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Lake Luzerne, 
Warren county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Cortland; V. E. 
Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Coliocton 
river, Steuben county; C, E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, •'^d.. Greenbu.sh. 
Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Mohawk river, 
Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Chepatehet 
creek, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio complanatus, Sol., Long lake, 
Hamilton county; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio rectus, Lam., Erie canal, Monroe 
county; Rev. John Walton. 

Unio rectus. Lam., Pittsford, Monroe 
county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio rectus, Lam., Oneida lake. 

Unio rectus. Lam., Seneca river, Onon- 
daga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Unio nasutus. Say, Hudson river, Al- 
bany; C. E. Beecher. '"' 

Unio nasutus. Say, Pittsford, Monroe 
county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio nasutus. Say, Champlain canal, 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio nasutus, Sai/, Erie canal, Monroe 
county; Rev. John Walton. 



I Unio nasutus. Sat/, Erie canal, Roch- 
I ester; James Delaney. 
I Unio Novi-Eboracl. Lea, Erie canal, 
Onondaga count}'; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Unio Novi-Eboraci. Lea, Oswego river. 

Unio Novi-Eboraci, L^ea, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio No^■i-Eboraci, Lea, Shenandoah 
creek; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio No\-i-Eboraci, Lea, Cayuga lake; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Unio Novi-Eboraci, Xeff, Erie canal, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Unio phaseolus, Hildreth, Chautauqua 
lake; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio phaseolus, Hildreth, Allegany 
river, near boundarj'; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Erie canal, 
Monroe count}'; Rev. Johu Walton. 

Unio gibbosus, Biiriies, Allegany river, 
near boundary; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Tonawanda 
creek, Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart 
Wright. 

Unio Tappaniauus, Lea, Brie canal, 
Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Unio Tappanianus, Lea, Erie canal, 
Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. 

Unio Tapjianiauus, Lea, Erie eanal, 
MohaAvk; C. E. Beecher. 

Unio Tappaniauus, Lea, Pludson river, 
Troy; T. H. Aldrich. 

Unio Tappaniauus. Lea, Erie canal. 
West Troy; T. H. Aldrich. 

Unio Tappanianus, Lea, Erie canal, 
Mohawk. 

Genus Maboaritana, Schumacher. 

Margaritaua marginata, Say, Mohawk 
river; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana marginata. Say, Mohawk 
river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana marginata. Say, Seneca 
river; C E. Beecher. 

Margaritana marginata, Sa/y, Cham- 
plain canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritaua marginata, Say, Erie canal; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana marginata. Say, New York. 

Margaritana marginata, Say, Manlius, 
Onondaga county. 

Margaritaua rugosa, Barnes, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Mohawk 
river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana rugosa. Barnes, Hudson 
river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Onondaga 
lake; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Cross lake, 
Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 




X 
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Eepoet on the Zoological Exhibit. 



509 



Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Genesee 
canal, Olean; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Norman's 
Kill, Albany; C, E. Beecher. 

Margaritana uudulata, Say, Norman's 
Kill, Albany; C. E. BeeeUer. 

Margaritana imdulata. Say, C'hepatchet 
creek, Herkimer county- ; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana uudulata. Say, Canisteo 
river, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana undulata, Siy, Herkimer 
county; C. E. Beecher. 

JIargaritana undulata, Beaver lake, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana uudulata, Say, Chenango 
river; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana undulata, Say. Gohoctou 
river, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana undulata. Say, C'hamplain 
Ciiiial. ''West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana imdulata. Say, Madison 
county; V. E. Beecher. 

Margaritana deltoidea. Lea, Erie canal, 
Monroe count}-; Rev. John "Walton. 

Margaritana deltoidea, Lea, Mud creek; 
James Delaney. 

Margaritana margaritifera, Linn, Lake 
Champlain; Gould collection. 

Genus A^^odonta, Cucier. 

Anodonta fragilis, L,am., Beaver lake, 
Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Anodonta fragilis, Lam., Beaver lake, 
Onondaga county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fragilis, Lam., Otsego lake, 
C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fragilis. Lam., Cayuga lake. 

Anodonta fragilis. Lam., Keuka lake; 
Dr. S. Hart Wright. 

Anondonta Bencdictii, Lea, Onondaga 
lake; Rev. "W. M. Bcauchamp. 

Anodonto Bencdictii, Lea, Erie canal, 
Rochester; Rev. John Walton. 

.Vnodonta Benedictii, Lake Champlain; 
Gjo. II. Hud.sou. 

Anodonta Benedictii, Lea, New York; 
Emmons collection. 

Anodonta Footiana, Lea, Canandaigua 
lake; Pickett collection. 

Anodonta edentula, Say, Ischua creek, 
Cattaraugus county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta edentula, Say, Chautaucxua 
lake; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta edentula, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Anodonta edentula, Say, Seneca river; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta edentula. Say, Genesee river, 
Monroj county; Rev. John Walton. 

Anodonta edentul.-i, Say. Erie canal, 
Monroe county; Rev. John AValton. 

Anodonta edentula. Say, Honeoye creek, 
"Monroe county; James "Delaney. 

.\nodonta undulata. Sai/, "Norman's 
Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 



Anodonta undulata, Say, Norman's 
Kill, Albany. 

Anodonta implicata. Say, Erie canal, 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta implicata. Say, Chamjilain 
canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Dover 
' Plains, Dutchess count}'; W. S. Teator. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Norman's 
Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Ischua 
creek, Cattaraugus county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Buffalo 
creek, Erie county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis. Dillw., Andover, 
! Allegany count}'; C. E. Beerhcr. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Farnum's 
' pond, Troy; C. E. Beecher. 
j Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Champlain 
I canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 
I Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., West Mis- 
j sion, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. 
I Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Genesee 
canal, Allegan}' county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Erie canal, 
West Troy; C. E. Beeeher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw.. Black 
pond, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Mohawk 
basin, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Erie canal, 
Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Erie canal; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley C. Crump. 

Anodonta lacustris. Lea, Canisteo river, 
Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta lacustris. Lea, Cedar lake, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta lacustris, Lea, Little lakes, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

An. subcylindracea. Lea, = A. Ferus- 
saciana, Xea, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. 
E. Beecher. 

An. subcylindracea, Lea,= A. Ferussa- 
ciann. Lea, Greenbush, Rensselaer county; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crunio. 

Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea, = A. 
Ferussaciana, Lea, Nine-mile creek, On- 
ondaga county; C. E. Beecher. 

Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea,= A. 
Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie canal; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie canal, 
Rochester; Rev. John Walton. 

Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Keuka 
lake, Yates county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. 

Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea. Honeoye 
creek, Monroe county; James Delaney. 



510 



New Yobk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie ca- 
aal, Syracuse; James Delaney. 

Order Siphonida. Family Ctkekid.e. 
Genus Sph^kium, Scopoli. 

SpbiErium simile, Sai/, Litchfield, Herk- 
imer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Spliferium simile, Say, Norman's Kill, 
A-lbany: C. E. Beecher. 

Sphoerium occidentalis. Prime, Cedar 
lake, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Sijhwrium striatiuum, Norman's Kill, 
Albany. 

Sphan-ium rhomboideum. Say, Green- 
bush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Splutn'ium occidentale. Prime, Litch- 
field. Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Sphan-ium rosoceum. Prime, Mohawk 
river, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Sphairium partunieiimi. Say, Astoria, 
Long Island; Temple Prime. 



Sphserium truncatum, Lins., New 
York; Dr. James Lewis. 

Sphseriuni trausversum, Say, Norman's 
Kill, Albany. 

Spha?rium secure. Prime, New York. 

Genus Pisidium, Pfeiffer. 

Pisidium tequilaterale. Prime, Cedar- 
ville, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Pisidium ventricosum, Prime, New 
Yorlv; Dr. James Lewis. 

Pisidium abditum, Prime, Long Island; 
Temple Prime. 

Pisidium Virginicum, Bmrrrj., Hudson 
river, Albany; C'. E. Beecber. 
I Pisidium compressum, Prime, New 
Y''orl5.; Dr. James Lewis. 

Pisidium compressum. Prime, Mohawk 
river; C. E. Beecber. 

Pisidium ferrugiueum. Prime, New 
York; Dr. James Lewis. 



II. FEESH-WATEE UNIVALVES. 



Class Gasteropoda. Order Pectini- 

BE.\KCHi.\T-V. Family Stkepomatidjs. 

Genus Gi-ij;iob.\.sis, Lea. 

Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel., Hudson 
river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Goniobasis, Virginica, Gmel. (imma- 
ture), Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel., var. mul- 
tilineata. Say, Hudson river, Albany; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel.. Erie canal, 
Monroe count}'; Rev. John Walton. 

Goniobasis depygis. Say, Baldwins ville, 
Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- 
champ. 

Goniobasis livescens, Menke, Erie canal. 

Goniobasis livescens, Meiike, Erie canal, 
West Troy; T. H. Aldrich. 

Goniobasis livescens, Menice, Mohawk 
river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Genus Pleurocera, Eafinesque. 

Pleurocera subulare, Lea, Erie canal. 

Pleurocera subulare. Lea, Mohawk 
river; T. H. Aldrich. 

Pleui'ucera subulare. Lea, Monroe 
county; Rev. John Walton. 

Pleurocera subulare. Lea, Lake Ontario, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Genus Anculosa, Say. 

Anculosa carinata, Brurj., Susquehanna 
river. " 

Anculosa carinata, Brug., Chemung 
river; C. E. Beecher. 

Anculosa carinata. Brag., Cortland; C. 
E. Beecher. 



Family RissoiD.1;. Genus Btthinia, 
Gray. 
Bythinia tentaculata, Zz'/i.;!, Erie canal. 
West Troy; C. E. Beecher. 

Genus Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon. 

Bythinella obtusa. Lea, Mohawk river, 
Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. 

Bythinella obtusa. Lea, Onondaga 
county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Genus Gillia, Stimson. 
Gillia altilis. Lea. Hudson river, Albany 
county; C. E. Beecber. 

Genus Som.atogyrds, Gill. 

Somatogj'rus subglobosus. Say, Erie 
canal, Mohawk; T. H. Aldrich. 

Genus Amnicola, Gould and Haldeman. 

Amnicola Say ana, AntJi., Ontario 
county; J. M. Clarke. 

Amnicola porata. Say, Mohawk river, 
Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Amnicola porata. Say, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Amnicola pallida, Hald., Mohawk river, 
Mohawk; Q E. Beecher. 

Amnicola pallida, Anth., Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E Beecher. 

Amnicola pallida, Anth., Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Amnicola Cincinnatiensis, Anth., Erie 
canal, Itlohawk; T. H. Aldrich. 

Amnicola Umosa, Say, Erie canal, Mo- 
hawk; Dr. .James Lewis. 



Repoet ox the Zoological Exhibit. 



511 



Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon. 

Pomatiopsis lapidaria. Say, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer count}": C. E. Beeclier. 

Pomatiopsis lustrica. Say, Xorman's 
Kill, Albany: C. E. Beeclier. 

Pomatiopsis lustrica. Say, Erie canal, 
Mohawk: Dr. James Lewis. 

Family V.\LrATrD.E. Genus Y.alt.vt.\, 
Mullcr. 

Valvata sincera. Say. Wiufield; Herki- 
mer county: Albert Bailey. 

Valvata tricarinata, Say, var. simplex, 
Little lakes, Herkimer county ; C. E. 
Beeclier. 

Yalvata tricarinata. Say. Schuyler's 
lake, Otsego county: C. E. Beecher. 

Vahata tricarinata. Say, Hudson river, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

" Valvata arenifera," Lea, larva case of 
the insect Phrj-gania, Oneida river, Onon 
daga countj-; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Family VI^^PARIDiE. Genus Vivipara, 
Lamarck. 

Vivipara contectoides,* 11'. G. Binn., 
Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. 

Vivipara contectoides, TT". G. Binn., 
(embryos), Erie canal, Albany; AV. B. 
Marshall. 

Vivipara contectoides, Tl" G. Binn., 
Erie canal, Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. 

Genus Melaxtiio, Bi»Mitch, 

Melantho rufa, IIald.,= 'Sl. decisa. Say, 
Noi-man's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Melantho rufa, Uald.,^ , Say, 

Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. 

Melantho rufa, I/ald..= ^i- decisa. Say, 
Erie canal, ^Mohawk; C. E. Beecher. 

Melantho Integra, Say,= il. decisa. Say, 
Champlain canal, AVest Troy ; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Melantho Integra, /S'«y,= M. decisa. Say, 
Erie canal, Mohawk; C. E. Beecher. 

Melantho Integra, Say,^ 51. decisa. Say, 
Erie canal, Herkimer county; Dr. James 
Lewis. 

Melantho decisa, Siy, Schuvler's lake, 
Otsego county; C. E. Beecher" 

Genus Lioplas, Troscliel. 
Lioplax subcarinata, Say, Korman's 
Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Order Pci-moxata. Suborder Lmno- 
PHILA. Family Auricclid.e. Genus 
Alexia, Gray. 

Alexia myosotis, Drap., Kew York. 
Alexia myosotis, Drap., Huntington, L. 
I.; Temple Prime. 



Genus C'aryciuum, Mailer. 
Carychlum exiguura, Mull., Litchtield, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Genus Mel.vmpus, Montfort. 

Jlelampus bideutatus, Say, Grassmere, 
Staten Island ; A. H. Gardner. 

Melampus bidentatus, Say, Coney 
Island ; T. H. Aldrich. 

Family Limx.bid.-e. Subfamily LiM- 

x.s:xx.i:. Genus Limx^a, Lamarck. 

Limniea stagnalis, Linn., Leroy, 
Genesee county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Limnaja stagnalis. lAnii.. Pittsford, 
Monroe county ; Shelle}' G. Crump. 

LimniBa stagnalis, Linn., Erie canal, 
Rochester. 

Subgenus Bulimxea, IlaUleinun. 

Limnsea megasoma, llahh. Lake Cham- 
plain ; George H. Hudson. 

Subgenus Radix, Montfort. 

Limnoea columella. Say. Fort Hamilton, 
Long Island ; A. H. Gardner. 

Limnfea columella, .SV;^, Kcw York. 

Limnsea columella, Say, Seneca river ; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Lininfea columella, Say, Little lakes, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Subgenus Llmnophtsa, Fit;. 

Limnsea reflexa. Say, Lake Eric ; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Limnsea reflexa. Say, Erie canal, 
Rochester ; Rev. John Walton. 

Limnsea reflexa, Say. Pittsford, Monroe 
count)- ; Shelley G. Crump. 

Limnsea elodes, Say, Jefferson count}- ; 
Rev. John Walton. 

Limnaja elodes, Say, Rochester ; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Limnsea elodes, Say, New York. 

Limnoea elodes, Say, Suspension Bridge, 
Niagara county ; C. E. Beecher. 
- Limn^a dcsidiota. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county, C. E. Beecher. 

Limnaa desidiosa, Say, Albany ; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Limnsea (Sp ?), Pittsford, Monroe 
county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Limnsea catascopium, Say, ilohawk 
river ; T. H. Aldrich. 

Limnsea catascopium. Say, Hudson 
river, iUbany ; C. E. Beecher. 

Limnrea catascopium. Say, Norman's 
Kill, Albany ; C. E. Beecher. 

Limnaea catascopium, Say (amplified 
variety), Erie canal ; Dr. James Lewis. 

Limnsea catascopium, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. 



* Colonized in Erie canal in 1868 by Dr. James Lewis. 



512 



New Toek at thk Wobld's Columbian Exposition. 



Limnffia pallida, Adwms, Cross lake, 
Onondaga county ; Rev. W. M. 
Beiiuchamp. 

Llmuwa pallida, Adams, Pittsford, 
Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. 

Limnsea emarginata. Say, Oswego ; 
Eev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Limnfea caperata, Sa.y, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Limn^ea humilis, Saij. Litclifield, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

LimniBa humilis, Say, Winfield, Her- 
kimer county ; Albert Bailey. 

Subgenus Acella, Haldeman. 
Limnsea gracilis. Say. Buffalo ; Buffalo 
Society ^Natural Sciences. 

Genus Puysa, Draparnaud. 

Physa gyrina, Siy, Erie canal, Monroe 
county ; Eev. John Walton. 

Physa gyrina. Say, Baldwinsville, 
Onondaga county ; Rev. W. M. 
Beauchamp. 

Physa ancillaria, Say, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Physa heterostropha. Say, New York. 

Physa heterostropha. Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. 

Physa heterostropha. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Physa heterostropha, Say, Glen Cove, 
Long" Island ; A. H. Gardner. 

Physa heterosti-opha, Say, New Dorp, 
Staten Island ; A. H. Gardner. 

Physa integer, Hahh, Little lakes, 
Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. 

Physa integer, Hald., Erie canal ; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Genus Bulinus, Adanson. 

Bulinus hypnorum, Linn.,. West 
Albany ; C. E. Beecher. 

Bulinus hj'pnorum, Linn., Pittsford, 
Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. 

Buhnus hj"pnorum, Linn., Winfield, 
Herkimer county ; Albert Bailey. 

Subfamily Planoebi:s.b. Genus Plan- 
OKBis, Guettard. Subgenus Planor- 
EELL-\, Haldeman. 

Planorbis campanulatus, Cedar lake, 
Herkimer county ; C. E Beecher. 

Planorbis campanulatus, Say, Pitts- 
ford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. 



Subgenus Helisoma, Swainson. 

Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Cortland; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Onondaga lake; 
C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis bicarinatus, Say, Cedar lake, 
Herkimer county; C. B. Beecher. 

Planorbis bicarinatus, Say, Albanj-; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Planorbis bicarinatus, S:iy, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer count}-; C. E. Beecher. 

Subgenus Menetus, H. and A. Adams. 

Planorbis exacutus. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis exacutus. Say, Cedar lake, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Subgenus Gtraulus, Agassiz. 

Planorbis deflectus, Say, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county; C'. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis deflectus. Say, Erie canal, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Planorbis hirsutus, Gould, Little lakes, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis hirsutus, Gould, Seneca river; 
Rev. John Walton. 

Planorbis parvus. Say, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Planorbis parvus. Say, Mohawk river, 
Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. 

Genus Segmentin.4., Fleming. 

Segmentina armigera, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 
Segmentina armigera. Say, Sand Lake. 

Subfamily AncylinvE. Genus Ancylus, 
Ge<>ffroy. 

Ancylus fuscus, Adams, Norman's Kill, 
Albany; C. E- Beecher. 

Ancylus parallelus, Hahh, Little lakes, 
Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Ancvlus parallelus, Hald., Norman's 
Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. 

Ancylus tardus. Say, Mohawk river, 
Moha^^•k; Dr. James Lewis, 

Ancj'lus rivularis, Say, Ontario county; 
J. M. Clarke. 

Genus Gundlachia, JPfeiffer. 

Gundlaehia Meekiana, Stimp., Canan- 
daigua, Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. 



III. LAND SHELLS. 



Suborder Gbophila. Family Seleni- 
TiD^. Genus Macrocyclis, Beck. 

Macrocyclis concava, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Macrocyclis concava. Say, New York; 
Dr. James Lewis. 



Macrocyclis concava, Say, Winfield, 
Herkimer count}'; Albert Bailey. 

Macrocj'clis concava, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Macrocyclis concava. Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 



Repokt ox the Zooloricai. Exhibit. 



513 



Family Limacid^. Genus Limax, Lin- 
naua. 

Limax maximus, Linn. Introduced 
from Europe. 

Limax flavus, Linn. Introduced from 
Europe. 

Limax campestris, Binn. 

Limax agrestis, Linn. Introduced 
from.Europe. 

Genus Zoxites. Mbutfort. Subgenus 
JIesomphix, Eafiiieique. 

Zonites fuliginosus. Griff., Rochester; 
James Delauey. 

Zouites fuliginosus. Griff., "Winfield, 
Herkimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Zonites fuliginosus. Griff.. "Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Zouites fuliginosis. Griff'.. Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Bcecher. 

Zonites inornatus, Sny. Pittsford. Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Zonites inornatus. Siri/. Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beccher. 

Zonites ligerus, Siv/, Litchfield, Herki- 
mer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Zouites intertextus, Binn., Ontario 
county: J. M. Clarke. 

Zonites intertextus, Binn., Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Zonites intertextus, Binn.. Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelle}' G. Crump. 

Subgenus Hv.viixiA, Agassis. 

Zonites cellarius. Mull., Astoria, Long 
Island; Temple Prime. 

Zouites uitidus. Mull., Ilion, Herkimer 
county; C. E. Beecher. 

Zonites arboreus, Sai/, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Rev. John "Walton. 

Zonites arboreus, Suji, Greenbush, 
Rensselaer count}-; 'C. E. Beecher. 

Zouites arboreus. Say, Troj'; T. H. 
Aldrich. 

Zonites riridulus, J/<;nfe, Silver lake, 
S. I.; A. H. Gardner. 

Zonites viridulus, Menke.. Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Rev. John "Walton. 

Zonites viridulus, Menke., Troy; T. H. 
Aldrich. 

Zonites indentatus. Say, ISTeTV Dorp, S. 
I.; A. H. Gardner. 

Zonites indentatus, Say, Genesee 
county;" Rev. John Walton. 

Zouites indentatus, Say, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Zonites indentatus. Say, Huntington; 
Temple Prime. 

Zonites minusculus,R'n«., Fort Hamil- 
ton, L. I.; A. H. Gardner. 

Zouites Biuneyanus, Mi'rse, Himting- 
ton, L. I.; Temple Prime. 

Zonites ferreus, M'/rse, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county: C. E. Beecher. 

Zonites exiguus, Stimp., Monroe county. 
Rev. John Walton. 

65 



er- 



Zonites, exiguus, Stimp., Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Subgenus Coxulus, Moquin-Tandon. 
Zonites fulvus, !);■«/)., Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Subgenus Gasthodokt.a, Albrrs. 

Zonites interuus, Sail, Albany; T. H. 
Aldrich. 

Zonites multidentatus, Binn , Baldwins- 
ville. Onondag.-i county; C. E. Beecher. 

Zonites multidentatus, Binn., Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Genus Vitkika, Draparnatid. 

Yitrina limpida, Gould, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

"\'itrina limpida, Gmild, Litchfield, Hi 
kimer county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Vitrina limpida, Gonld, A\'infield, Her- 
kimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Family PHrLOMYCTD.fi. Genus Teben- 
sOPnoKCS. Bin net/. 

Tebennophorus Carolinensis, Base. 
Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binn. 

Family Helicidje. Genus Helix, Lin- 
n(ens. Section Patcla, Haldenian. 

Patnla alternata, Say, Albany; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Patula alternata. Say. Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Patula alternata. Say, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer couuty; C. E. Beecher. 

Patula perspectiva. Say. Pittsford, 
ilonroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Patula perspectiva. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county: C. E. Beecher. 

Patula perspectiva. Say, Winfield, Her- 
kimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Patula striatella, Antli.. Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Patula striatella, Anth.. Greenbush, 
Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Patula striatella, .1;/^//., Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Patula striatella," .-1«W;., Winfield, Her- 
kimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Section Microphysa, Albers. 

Microphysa pygmaja, Drap., Litch- 
field, Herkimer cotmtv; C. E. IBeecher. 

Section Helicodisctis, Morse. 

Helicodiscus lineatus, Say^ Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Rev. John "\Valton. 

Helicodiscus lineatus, Siy, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Section Strobil.\, Morse. 

Strobila lab\'rinthica, Say, Staten 
Island; E. W. Hubbard. 



514 



ISTew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Section Stekotrbma, Rafiiiesque. 

Stenotrema hirsutum, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. 

Stenoti'enia liirsutum, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe couuty. 

Stenotrema monodon, Rack., Albany: 
C. E. Beecber. 

Stenotrema monodon, Rack., Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Section Vallonia, Risso. 

Vallonia pulcbella, Mull., Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Vallonia pidcbella, Mull., Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C'. E. Beecber. 

Vallonia pulcbella. Mull., Ontario 
county; J. M. Clarke. 

Section Triodopsis, Rafinesque. 

Triodopsis palliata, Sny, Pittsford, 
Monroe couuty; Rev. John Walton. 

Triodopsis palliata. Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Triodopsis palliata. Say, Winfield, Her- 
kimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Triodopsis palliata. Say, Annandale, 
Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. 

Triodopsis appressa, Say, Dr. James 
Lewis. 

Triodopsis appressa, Bay, Albanv; T. 
H. Aldrich. 

Triodopsis inflecta. Say, Albauj'; T. H. 
Aldrich. 

Triodopsis fallas. Say, Ohio; C. E. 
Beecber. 

Triodopsis fallax, Say, Pittsford, Mon- 
roe couuty; Sbelle}' 6. Crump. 

Triodopsis trideutata. Say, High Bridge, 
New York city; A. H. Gardner. 

Triodopsis tridentata. Say, New York. 

Triodopsis tridentata, Say, Pittsfoixl, 
Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. 

Triodopsis tridentata. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. 

Section Mesodos", Rafinesque. 

Mesodon albolabi'is, Say, Annandale, 
Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. 

Mesodon albolabris, Say, Albany-; C. 
E. Beecber. 

Mesodon albolabris. Say, Cedarville, 
Herkimer countj'; C. E. Beecber. 

Mesodon albolabris. Say, Herkimer 
county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Mesodon albolabris. Say, Winfield, Her- 
kimer county; Albert Bailey. 

Mesodon albolabris. Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. ^- 

Mesodon albolabris, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe count)'; Shelley G. Crump. 

Mesodon JVIitchellianus, Lea, Litch- 
field, Herkimer county;* Albert Bailey. 



Mesodon clevatus, Say, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county;* Albert Bailey. 

Mesodon exoletus, Binn., Litchfield, 
Herkimer count)'; Albert Baile)'. 

Mesodon dentiferus, Binn., West Win- 
field, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. 

Mesodon dentiferus, Binn., Litchfield, 
Herkimer county: Albert Bailey. 

Mesodon multilineatus. Say, Ann Ar- 
bor, Mich.; C. E. Beecber. 

Mesodon profundus, Say, Litchfield, 
Herkimer county;* Albert Bailej'. 

Mesodon thyroides, Say, Rochester; 
Rev. John Walton. 

Mesodon thyroides, Say. Pittsford, 
Monroe count)'; Shelley G. Crump. 

Mesodon thyroides, Say, Pittsford, 
Monroe county, 

Mesodon thyroides. Say, Elizaville, Co- 
lumbia county; W. S. Teator. 

Mesodon bucculenta, Oould.^'M. thy- 
roides, Say, Long Island; T. H. Al- 
drich. 

Mesodon thyroides, Say, Annandale, 
Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. 

Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Mohawk, Herki- 
mer county; C. E. Beecber. 

Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Albany; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Monroe county; 
Shelley G. Crump. 

Mesodon Sayii, Binn.. Winfield, Herki- 
mer county; Albert Bailey. 

Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Herkimer 
county; Dr. James Lewis. 

Family Pupid/E. Genus Pupa, Drapar- 
naud. Subgenus Pdpilla, Leach. 

Pupa muscorum, Linn., Crown Point, 
Essex county; Gould collection. 

Pupa muscorum, Linn., Auburn, Cay- 
uga coimty; Gould collection. 

Pupa muscorum, Linn., Rochester: 
Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. 

Pupa muscorum, Linn., Rochester 
James Delaney. 

Pupa pentodon. Say, Jefferson county 
T. M. Fry. 

Pupa pentodon. Say, Long Island 
Temple Prime. 

Subgenus Leucochila, Alb. and Mart. 

Pupa armifera. Say, Meadowdale, 
Albany county; W. B. Marshall. 

Pupa armifera. Say, Yates county; T. 
M. Fry. 

Pupa contracta. Say, Litchfield, Herki- 
mer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Pupa failax. Say, Cold Spring; Temple 
Prime. 

Pupa fallax. Say, Clarksvllle, Albany 
couuty. C. E. Beecher. 



* Colonized in Herkimer county. 



IvKPOKT OX THE ZoOI.OtilCAL ExiliniT. 



515 



Pupa curvidens, Gould, Mcadowdale, 
Albany county, W. B. Mnrsliall. 

Papa contnuta. Sai/. Fort Hamilton. 
L. I. ; A. H. Gardner. 

Pupa corticaria, Say, Albany; C. E. 
Beocher. 

Pupa corticaria, Scii/, Meadowdale, 
Albany county: W. B. Marshall. 

Pupa corticaria, Sai/, Ontario county; 
J. M. Clarke. 

Pupa rupicola, Sai/; Gould collection. 

Genus Vketigo. Mullei: Subgenus Isth- 
Mi.\, Qray. 

Vertigo Grouldii, Binn., Alban}'; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Vertiso simplex, Gould, Ontario county ; 
J. M. Olarke. 

Vertigo Bollesiana. Morse. Meadowdale, 
Albany "county; AV. B. Marshall. 

Vertigo miUum. Gould. Long Island; 
Temple Prime. 

Vertigo ovata, Say. Litchfield, Herki- 
mer county; C. E. Bcccher. 

Vertigo pygnui?, JJrap.. Fort Hamilton, 
Long Island; A, H. Gardner. 

Family Stexogtrid.k. Genus Fkhussa- 
ci.v, Bixso. 

Ferussacia subcylindrica. Linn., Roch- 
ester; Rev. John AValton. 

Ferussacia subcylindrica, Linn., Fort 
Wadsworth, S. I; "A. H. Gardner. 



Ferussacia subcylindrica, Linn.. Litch- 
field, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Family SucciNiD/B. Genus Sijccine.\, 
Draparnaud. 

Succinea ovalis, Gould, Litchfield, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Bcccher. 

Succinea ovalis, Gould. Albany; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Succinea ovalis, Gould. Pittsford. Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Succinea oblicjua. Say, Annandale, 
Dutchess county; W, S. Teator. 

Succinea obliqua. Say. Mohawk. Her- 
kimer county; C'. E. Beecher. 

Succinea obliciua. Say, Albany; C. 
E. Beecher. 

Succinea obliqua. Say, Frankfort, Her- 
kimer county; C. E. Beecher. 

Succinea obliqua. Say, L^pper Red 
Hook, Dutchess county; AV. S. Teator. 

Succinea obliqua. Say. Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Shelley G. Crump. 

Succinea obliqua. Say. Winfield, Herki- 
mer county; Albert Bailey. 

Succinea obliqua. Say. Pittsford, Mon- 
roe county; Rev. John Walton. 

Succinea avara, Say, Albany; C. E. 
Beecher. 

Succine.'i avara, Say. Fort "Washington, 
New York city; W. S. Teator. 



EEPOET ON THE FORESTRY EXHIBIT. 



By EOMEYN B. HOUGH, Lo-vvvillb, Supekintendent. 



Tlie J^ew York State Exhiljit occupied in tlie Forestry Building a 
space of about 1,566 square feet, mainly on the eastern side and near 
the southern end of tlie building. The exhibit was collected and 
arranged so as to be of the higliest educational value, and to be fully 
illustrative of the forest resources of the State. It was imique in 
several particulars of scientific importance. It consisted of (1) a series 
of photographs about ten by sixteen inches in size, of typical isolated 
trees in leaf ; (2) a series of photograjihs of the same trees after the 
leaves liad fallen ; (3) natural size photographs of typical barks of 
trees ; (4) sections of the woods showing transverse, radial and tangen- 
tial A-iews of the grain, so thin as to be translucent and hence revealing 
characteristic structures ; (5) preserved specimens of the leaves, flowers 
and fruits, artificial reproductions being substituted for perishable 
fruits. 

The photographs and sjjecimens, so far as they pertain to a given 
species, were mounted together in a double frame between glass, and 
fully labeled with technical, English, German, French and Spanish 
names. The frames were, themselves, an exhibit of Xew York woods, 
highly finished, as they were designed and made especially for this 
purpose. They were mounted on pivoted posts which turned easily 
and thereby facilitated a study of tiie exhibit by displaying the thin 
wood sections in either transmitted or reflected light. The greater 
part of the space assigned to the State for its forestry exhibit was occu- 
pied by these posts, each displaying four species. Besides these, how- 
ever, tlie exhibit contained a series of log specimens, each about three 
and one-half feet long, and displaying the bark and transverse, radial 
and tangential views of the grain. The cut surfaces represented the 
woods both unfinished and highly finished, the latter suggesting an 
ornamental value of many of our timbers not appreciated by the pub- 
lic generally. The laliels with these timbers gave information as to their 
respective distrilmtion and relative abundance throughout the State 
and the uses to which they are genei'ally applied. 

Arranged as transparencies in the windows, was a series of transverse 
sections of the woods of the State one-four-liundredth of an inch in 
thickness, the products of a machine and process devised by the super- 
intendent of the exhibit for the scientific study and display of woods. 
The exhibit also included several manufactured articles of wood, in 
pursuance of the general design of making it as complete a showing 
as possible of the various native and naturalized trees of the State. 

One hundred and six species were represented, and, from a dendro- 
logical standpoint this was, perhaps, as complete an exliibit as was ever 
made of the forestry of any region whatever. The walls of the space 
were covered with balsam boughs, making the atmosphere redolent with 




WHITE ELM {L'lmiii Americana) 



Eepokt ox the Foeestev Exhibit. 517 

the perfumes of the Adirondacks, a balsam pillow being displayed as a 
product of that region. 

A line picture of a group of Sweet-gum trees grown on New York 
soil and interesting from association, was hung upon tlie wall and bore 
the following label : "Alexander Hamilton brought the thirteen trees 
to Xew York in 1S02 from Mount Yernou. Ya., tied under his gig and 
planted them himself, where they now stand, near the upper end of 
Manliattan Island, on the place known as the Ha'.nilton Grange." 

As properly being a portion of New York's contribution to the for- 
estry display of the exposition, though isolated from the rest of the 
exhibit, was a fine log specimen of the White Pine {Pinvs Sfmlus) 
placed in the group wliicli formed the central feature in the Forestry 
Building, and also nine of the trunks which entered into the construc- 
tion of the imposing colomiade of the building. Tlie latter were 
located on the west front, and counting from the southwest corner Avere 
as follows, commencing with the tenth cluster of three each : Beech, 
Sugar Maple and Balsam ; eleventh. Hemlock, "White x\sh and Black 
Cherry ; twelfth. White Birch, White S]3ruce and Yellow Birch. 



CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT 
N, FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS. 



LIST OF WOODS KEPKESEISTTED IN THE NEW YORK 
FORESTEY EXHIBIT, 

WITH NOTES ON THE DISTEIBL'TION AND EELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF EACH 
THROUGHOUT THE STATE AND THE USES FOE WHICH THEY ARE MOST 
SUITABLE. 



Sweet Bay, Magnolia, glcmca, L. — Found 
on Long Island and Staten Island in 
swamps, but hardlj^ more than a shrub in 
this climate. Of little use excepting for 
ornamental purposes and its delightfully 
fragrant flowers. 

Cucumber Tree, Magnolia acuminata, 
L. — Common in the southwestern coun- 
ties. Used in cabinet making, for pump 
logs, woodenware, cheese boards, etc. 

Whitewood, Tulip Tree, Liriodendron 
Tulipifera, L. — More or less common 
south of the center of the State. Valu- 
able lumber, woodenware, etc. 

Paj^aw, A-nmina triloba. Dt/nul. — Very 
local, in western New York on the lake 
watershed. Of little use, but fruit occa- 
sionally eaten. 

Basswood, Tilia. Americana, L. — 
Abundant throughout the State. Lum- 
ber, cabinet making, woodenware, excel- 
sior, etc. 

Hop Tree, Wafer Ash, Ptelea trifoliata, 
L. — Not uncommon as a shrub or small 
tree along the Niagara river and occa- 
sional (though probably escaped) on Long 
and Staten Islands. Of little use except- 
ing for ornamental purposes and a bitter 
extract of the bark and fruit occasionallj^ 
as a domestic medicine and a substitute 
for hops. 

Holly, Ilex opaca, Ait. — Common in 
swamps on Long Island and Staten Island, 
as a shrub and occasionall}' as a tree. 
Wood valuable for turnery, choice cabinet 
work, etc., and foliage for decorative 
purposes. 

Ailanthus, Ailanthi/s glandtilosus, JDesf. 

— Introduced from the Orient, but now 
thoroughly naturalized and growing lux- 

" uriantly in localities in Southern New 
York. Little used, though originally in- 
troduced as an ornamental tree. 

Horse Chestnut. Aescidns Hippocas- 
tantim, L. — Common as an ornamental 
tree south of the center of the State. 
Little used except for ornament. 

Summer Grape, Vitis aestimlis, Mich.v. 

— Common and occasionallj' attaining 



eight or ten inches in diameter of trunk. 
Fruit of pleasant flavor, but little used. 

Sugar Maiile, Acer saccharinum, Wang. 
— Abundant generally throughout the 
State, especially in the north. One of our 
most important trees, producing wood of 
high ornamental value for interior finish- 
ing, furniture, woodenware, etc., and 
sugar produced by the tree is an import- 
ant product of the State. 

Striped Ma]5le, Moosewood, Acer Pean- 
syli'diiieinn, L. — Common throughout the 
State along shaded ravines. A small tree 
of little use. 

Red jMaple, Soft Maple, Acer rubram, 
L. — Abundant throughout the State in 
moist soil along streams, swamps, etc. 
Woodenware, cabinet making, etc., and 
occasionally for interior finishing and 
sometimes for sugar making. 

White Maple, Soft Maple, Acer dasy- 
carpuiii, Ehrli. — Common along streams, 
especially river banks subject to inunda- 
tion. Woodenware, cabinet making, etc., 
and some maple sugar. 

Box Elder, Ash-leaved Maple, Negundo 
aceroicles. Moench. — Rare and local in the 
southwestern portion of the State, in river 
valleys. Woodenware and occasionally 
for interior finishing. Some sugar is pro- 
duced by this tree. 

Stag-horn Sumach, Elms typjiina, L. — 
Common throughout the State, and occa- 
sionall}' attaining the dimensions of a tree, 
the one represented in the exhibit being 
one foot in diameter, about the maximum 
size. Wood highly ornamental and used 
occasionally in fancy woodwork. Fruit, 
bark, etc., used occasionally for dyeing 
purposes. 

Dwarf Sumach, Rhus copalina, L. — 
Abundant as shrub or very small tree in 
the southeastern portion of the State. 
Leaves and bark are used in dyeing and 
to some extent in tanning. 

Poison Sumach, Rhii.<i venenata, D C. — ■ 
Occasional throughout the State in 
swamps, where it makes its presence 
known by its virulence. Not used. 



Eeport ox the Foeestky Exhibit. 



519 



Coffee Tree, Gyinnodadus dioicus, Koch. 

— Rare. Found occasioaally in the lake 
region of Western Xew Yorli. Occasion- 
ally used in turnery and the leaves in 
the manufacture of t!y poison. Formerly 
the seeds were used as a substitute for 
coffee. 

Locust, Bdbiniii Pseudncacin, L. — 
Abundant throughout the State about 
homesteads as an ornamental tree, and 
now thoroughly naturalized. Valuable 
for posts and iu turnery. 

Honey Locust, Ghditschia triacantlios, 
L. — Common as a naturalized tree 
throughout the State. Valuable for fence 
posts and construction purposes where 
a hard, strong wood is required. 

Wild Red Cherry. Pnnms Penmyl- 
ranicniii, L. — Common as a tree generally 
too small for economic purposes. Little 
used. The acid fruit and bitter bark are 
occasionally used in domestic medicine. 

Sour Cherry, Prtinus Ccrastis. L. — 
Common iu cultivation and oecasionalh' 
escaped so as to entitle it to rank as a 
naturalized species. Produces valuable 
fruit. 

Black Cherry, Pninus serotinri. EftrJi. — 
Common throughout the State. One of 
our most valu.ible trees for furniture, 
interior tinishiug, etc. Bark possesses 
tonic jjroperties. 

Canada Plum. Print us nigi-n. Ait. — 
Common in the northern and western por- 
tions of the State. Valuable only on ac- 
count of its fruit and the wood oecasionalh* 
used in turnery. 

Oxheart Cherry, Prunii.t Arium, L. — 
Very abundant as a naturalized tree, es- 
13ecially in the southern portion of the 
State. Fruit highly valued ;ind timber of 
excellent quahty. 

Apple, Piims yf(dti!i, L. — Common as 
an escape from cultivation. Wood valu- 
able in turnery. The fruit of the wild 
trees is generally of quite inferior quality. 

Sweet-scented Crab, Pijrus I'uronaria, 
L. — Common in Western Xew York, 
where it is well known on account of its 
delightfully fragrant ilowers. Fruit very 
sour and unpalatable. Little used; some- 
times used for tool handles, etc. 

Pear. Pi/n/.-i coinnauii-H, L. — Occasion- 
ally naturalized and bearing a very inferior 
friiit. • Little used outside of cultivation. 

Mountain Ash, Pi/nis ndniJuirifoIici. C. 
and S. — Occasionally found in northern 
and elevated regions and commonly trans- 
planted for ornamental pu.poses. Of lit- 
tle use excejit for ornament. 

Scarlet Thorn. CroUiegim rncriiiiit, L. — 
An abundant species distributed tlu-ough- 
out the State gcnerall}'. Little used. 

White Thorn, Crutaen'is jyuMtata, .Jdcij. 

— Abundant in sections. Xot often 
used. 



Cock-spur Thorn, CralargiLs Cnis-f/ulU, 
L. — Xot uncommon generally. Xot often 
used. 

Hawthorn, Crataegus Oxycaiithii , L. — 
Originally introduced from Europe, for 
hedges and ornamental jiurposes, and now 
common iu localities as a naturalized spe- 
cies. Of little use excepting for hedges. 

Shad-bush, American Lancewood, J.//«'?- 
niichter Cniiudtnsis, Torraud Gray. — Xot 
uncommon throughout the State as a 
shrub but rare as a medium-size tree. 
Wood occasionally used for tool handles, 
fishing rods, etc. 

Sweet Gum, Bilsted. Liquidambar Sty- 
riiciflnii, L. — Common on Long and 
Staten Islands. Used for lumber and 
building purposes, cabinet wo-k, etc. 

Hercules C'lub, Aridia spinum, L. — 
Probably originalh' introduced as an 
ornamental species, but occasionally 
found persisting in the soil after the 
original trees have disappeared. Of no 
use excepting for ornamental purposes. 

Xanny -berry. Vihiirnum Lintiigv, L. — 
Common generally throughout the State 
in swampy soil, excepting near the sea- 
board. Little used, the heartwood hav- 
ing a characteristic and to most nostrils a 
very disagreeable odor. Fruit sometimes 
eaten. 

Black Haw, Vihiirnnin pritjiifoliuin, L. 
— Common as a small tree or shrub in 
favorable localities, hilLsides, on Staten 
Island, etc. Xot used. 

Flowering Dogwood, Cui'itus florida, 
L. — Common throughout the State ex- 
ceptir.g in the northern districts, grow- 
ing a'.ong the sides of ravines where it is 
very conspicuous in spriugtime while in 
bloom. Wood occasiouall}' used in turn- 
er}' and for wheel hubs. 

Alternate-leaved Dogwood, C'ornus al- 
teriiifiilia, L. f. — Common in moist, lich 
woods, generally as a shrub, but occasion- 
ally, especialh' in the north, developing 
into a tree from six to ten or twelve inches 
In diameter. One photographed for the 
exhibit was of the last-mentioned size. 
Wood of very smooth and close grain, 
but not found in commercial quantities. 

Tupelo. Sour Gum. Pepperidge, Syssa 
sylTdtirii, Miirsh. — Xot uncommon gen- 
erally throughout the State excepting in 
Xorthern Xew York where it rarely 
occu's. A useful timber for wheel hubs, 
woodenware, pump logs, ox-yokes, etc. 

Persimmon. Binnpyros Virgiiiiiniii. L. — 
Occasionally on Long and Staten Islands. 
Wood used in turnery and for small 
woodenware. Medicinal properties of an 
astiingent nature are found in the bark 
and fruit. Fruit edible after the action 
of frosts. 

White Ash, Frii.rinus Anicrirdnn, L. — 
Common throughout the State in dry, 



520 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



rich soil. E.xtensively used for agii- 
cultural iraplenieuts, oars, etc., and for 
lumber. 

Black Ash, Fraxiims miuhiieifolia. 
Lam. — Abundant in swamps generally 
throughout the State. Used for iateiior 
tinishing, cabinet making, barrel hoojis, 
basketware. etc. ]5iu'ls arc cccasioually 
found on this tree (a tine one being shown 
in the exhibit), which are very \aluable 
cut into \'encering for ornamental wood 
work 

Green Ash, Fra.rintis viricHs, Michx. f. 
— A small tree found commonly in moist 
bnliom-lands, Confounded with tlic 
wliite ash in commerce and used for the 
same purposes. 

Red Ash, FrnHiius piibe&ccns, Lam. — 
Common throughout the State along the 
borders of streams and moist bottom 
lands. ITsed for agricultural imjdements 
and for lumber, for interior i.uisliing, etc. 

Oatal]ia, Ciit<il/iii bif/iioiii:i(li.'', Wdl/. — 
Common as an ornan.iental tree in southern 
sections of the State and now in places 
naturalized. Little used except for orna- 
mental piH'poses, thoiigh a A-aluable tim- 
ber in the south for fence posts, etc. 

Sassafras, .sw.iw(/r((,s o^innale, Nees. — 
Comniou througlKuit the State excepting 
in the northern counties, usually as a 
shrubby \indergrowth in rich Avoods, but 
occasionally as small and medium .size 
trees; large southwcstward. ^V useful 
wood in cooperage, and an extract from 
the bark is used as a flavoring and in 
medicine as an aromatic stimulant. 

American Elm, White Elm, Vltiiii.t 
Aiiiii'iciiiiii. L. — Abiuidant generally; ;i 
majestic tree. Valuable for tool liandles, 
agricultural implements and in cooperage. 

Red Elm. Slippery Elm, Uhntai fiilra. 
Miiii. — Kot uncommon throughout the 
State along hillsides, etc. Used for rail- 
way ties, sills, fencing, boat ribs, etc., 
and of late to some exteit for interior 
flnisliiiig. 

Cork Elm, Rock Elm, I'lums niceinosa. 
ThoiiiiiK. — Common in Northern New 
York, but becoming scarce southward. 
Very valuable for agricultural imple- 
ments, tool handles, wheel stocks, etc. 

Nt'ttle Tree. llackTierry, Ciitin oceidcn- 
tiili.i, L. — Unconuuon gener.-illy. Found 
in rich, moist soils, along river bottoms, 
and generally looked upon as a stranger 
wherever found. Some trees have quite 
a local reiiutati<m in that w;vy. Two tine 
individuals especially famous are the 
"Unknown Tree," close by the New Y-ork 
Central railroad truck near S]U'af<er's 
Station, and a very large tree of its kind, 
fourteen feet in girth, near Sehuylerville, 
reimted to be " older than the Christian 
era." though no one is prepared to vouch 
for its age. It stands near the spot where 



General Bnrgoyne surrendered, and, 
d mbtless, was quite a large tree then. 

]3uttcrnut, Jiir/htnx cineiia, L. — Com- 
mon generally thnnighout the State. 
Used for intericu' linisliing, cabinet work, 
etc., and the delicious nuts are often seen 
in market. 

Black "Walnut, Juglcins nigra, L. — For- 
merly abundant in the southern and west- 
ern counties. A very valuable lumber 
for interior finishing, furniture, etc,, and 
nuts highly jii'lzed by some. 

Sycamore, Button Ball, PlaUiniis ocei- 
ihn'talix, L. — Common generally except- 
ing in nortliern counties, growing espe- 
ci;dly along water-courses. Within the 
p;ist few years this wood has become very 
popular, cut "quartering," as an orna- 
mental wood for interior tinishing, furni- 
ture, etc. It has long been used for fruit 
boxes, baskets, etc. 

Red Mulberry, Mai'us rubra, L. — A 
rather uncommon ixev of ,Soutlio;'n and 
Western New York, growing in rit'h bot- 
tom lauds, . Used in cooperage, for han- 
dles, etc, and produces an edible fruit, 
though not of much commercial value. 

Moker-nnt Hickory. ■ Cir/y/^, toiiinitosa, 
Niitt. — Abundant in Southeastern New 
York. Used in the )nan>ilacture of agri- 
cultural iniplenu'nts, tool handles, etc., 
and produces a valuable fruit. 

Pig-nut Hickory, Car.i/a jinrcina, Kiitt. 

— Comnum throughout the State. Valu- 
able in the manufacture of agricultural 
implements, tool liandles, etc. 

Shell-bark Hickory, Cari/a alba, Xutt. 

— Abundant generally in the interior of 
the State, Useful for tool handles, agri- 
cultural implements, wheel stocks, etc., 
and for its superior nuts, perhaps the 
most valuable of the hickories. 

King-nut Hickory, Oari/a sulcaUa, 
Siitt.^A. western tree reaching its east- 
ern limit of distribution in Western New 
York. Rare within our limits. Not distin- 
guished from the shell-bark in commerce 
or in uses, but produces a much largci' nut. 

Small-fruited Hickory, Cari/a iiticro- 
carpa, JS'iitt. — Not uncominou through- 
out the State. Used for agricultural im- 
plements, tool handles, etc. 

J5itter-nut Hickoi'y, Carnal amara, 
Xnlt. — Common throughout the State. 
Usually along the borders of streams and 
in moist hnvlands. Used in the manufac- 
ture of agricultural implements, tool 
handles, hoops, etc. 

Yellow Oak, Qiiercii.i tiiictoria, l^artram. 

— Not uncommon throughout the State 
generally. Used fm- furniture, interior 
finisliing, in cooperage, etc. Bark rich 
in tannin. 

Red Oak, Qticrriis rubra, L. — Abundant 
throughout the State. Used in cooper- 
age, for furniture, interior finishing, etc. 




WHITE HLM {Uliiiuf Americana) 



Repokt ox the Fokestkv Exhibit. 



521 



Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak, Qiieiv.iis 
Priiiiis, L. — Coinmou throughout the 
State. Used for railway ties, fencing 
and furniture. Valuable on accoiuit of 
the amount of tannin contained in the 
bark. 

Scarlet Oak, Qncrciis mcciiieii, Wjinf/. — 
Common throughout the State. Used in 
cooperage, for railway ties, ttc. 

Bhtck-Jack Oak, (^Iturcus iiignt. L. — A 
small tree abundant iu localities along the 
coast. Little used except for fuel. 

Chinquapin Oak, QiicreHs M^uldenburffii. 
Enr/i'liii. — Western New York and rather 
uncommon. A timber valuable for much 
the same uses as that of the white oak. 

Pin Oak, Qui irii.1 paluntris, Du Mot. — 
Abundant on Long and Staten Islands. 
Used in cooperage, for furniture, interior 
finishing, etc. 

White Oak, Qiicrnis idha. L. — Common 
throughout the State. One of the most 
valuable of the oaks for interior finish- 
ing, furniture, agricultural implements, 
cooperage, etc. 

Burr Oak, Qucrcus macrocitrpd , yrkh.r. — 
Common in river vallej's, especially in the 
nortlieru portion of the State. Valuable 
for the same uses as the white oak and 
scarcely inferior to it. 

Post Oak, Qiiciciis ohiHiiUohii, Dii Roi. — 
Common on Long and Staten Islands. 
Used for railway ties, fuel and to some 
e.Ktent in the manufacture of chairs and 
in cooperage. 

Swamp White Oak, Qiicreus hiculoi-, 
Willd. — Common generally throughout 
the State in moist situations. Used in the 
manufacture of agricultural implements, 
furniture, etc. 

Chestnut, Castanea vesca, var. Amci: 
Michx. — Common throughout the State 
excepting in the mo're northern and ele- 
vated regions. Besides the valuable 
fruit this tree produces e.vcellent lumber 
for general construction purposes, furni- 
ture, fencing, etc., and railway ties, with- 
standing decay for a long time. 

Beech, Far/tis firriir/ineii, Ait. — Very 
common, especially in the northern and 
elevated regions, growing in dry, rich 
soil. Largely used in the manufacture 
of plane stocks, chairs, tool handles, etc., 
etc.. iind for fuel. 

Hop Hornbeam, Ironwood, Ostn/a Vir- 
()inicii,]Villd. — Common throughout the 
State in dry soil. Used for levers, tool 
lianilles, etc. 

Blue Beech, Ironwood, Carpiiius Caro- 
Uiiiitiiii, Waiter. — Common throughout 
the State alnng streams. Useful for tool 
handles, levers, etc. 

Sweet Birch, Betidii, lenta, L. — Com- 
mon tliroughout the State. Valuable in 
the manufacture of furniture, wooden- 
ware, for interior finishing and for fuel. 

66 



Yellow Birch. Bdula Uitea. Mirh.i: f. 
— Common in the northern and more ele- 
vat:'d districts on rich uplands and hill- 
sides. Used iu the manufacture of 
woodenware and furniture, for interior 
finishing and extensively for fuel. 

Hiver Birch, Pxluhi iii(/m. L — Rare in 
New York, being found sparingly on 
Staten Island and Long Island, in moist 
soil along streams, and Prof. Charles H. 
Peek reports a few individuals ou the 
iKink of the Hudson river, near Coxsackie. 
Applicable to the same uses as the yellow 
birch. 

White Birch, Old-field Birch, Bctida 
poflidifuliii, M<irsli(d!. — Abimdant in lo- 
calities throughout the State in dry and 
often poor soil. Extensively u.sed for 
spools, shoe pegs, woodenware, etc.. and 
for fuel. 

Canoe Birch, BHida 2vipi/rarea, Ait. — 
Abundant in Northern and occasionally 
in Western New York. LTsed for interior 
finishing, furniture, woodenware, spools, 
shoe pegs, etc., and for fuel. 

Peach Willow, Sali.v amygdaloides, An- 
ders. — Common in AVestern New York, 
in moist soil along streams and lake- 
shores. Used for charcoal. 

Yellow Willow, iS'(//.(' niha, var. vitel- 
liiiti. — A fine large willow, originally in- 
troduced, but now so abundant as to form 
a conspicuous feature among our trees, 
and entitle it to a place in the exhibit. 
Very commonly set along the banks of 
streams, railway embankments, etc., to 
jirevent erosion. Useful too as an orna- 
mental tree and in the production of char- 
coal. Its tough fibre would suggest its 
value for paper pulp. 

Black Willow, S(ili.c iiic/ni, Murshall. — 
A small tree abundant throughout the 
State, along the borders of streams and 
marshes. Useful for the production of 
charcoal. The bark of this species, and 
of all the willows iu genera], possesses 
astringent and feebly tonic principles, and 
a decoction is sometimes used in domestic 
practice as a febrifuge. 

Balm-of-Gilead, Balsam Poplar, Popn- 
lu.s //idsiiniifini, L. — Occasional though 
not common, excepting in cultivation as a 
formerly popular ornamental tree. Little 
used. A viscous exudation of the buds of 
this species is sometimes used in medicine. 

Quaking Asp, Populiis treviidoides, 
Mir/i.i;. — Common throughout the State, 
springing up abundantly in soil denuded 
of other forests. Used in the manufac- 
ture of small woodenware, excelsior, etc., 
and largely for jjaper pulp. 

Swamp Poplar, Pijjivlii.1 heteropliylea, L. 
— The most uncommon of our poplars, the 
only known stations in the State being 
swamps on Staten and Long Islands. Lit- 
tle used, though the handsome, bluish- 



622 



New Yokk at tiik "Woelu's Colujebian Exposition. 



gray heartwood would suggest a peculiar 
value iu ornamental woodwork. 

Large-toothed Poplar, Populiis grandi- 
dcnfatii, MielLr. — Abundant, especially in 
dry sandy soil and on hillsides in the 
northern jioition of the State. A valu- 
able timber for paper pulp, small wooden- 
ware, etc. 

Cottonwood, Populus mowiUfera, Ait. — 
Common iu ("entral and AYestern New 
York, iu moLst, rich soil, attaining some- 
times very large size. The " Century 
Tree," of "Geneva, N. Y., is of this spe- 
cies, and is a splendid one of its kind, be- 
ing nearly 100 feet in hei.u'lit, llUfcet in 
spread of branches, and having a straight 
columnar trunk over six feet in diameter. 
It seems to be in perfect health through- 
out, and is one of the most interesting in- 
dividual trees in the State. Used in the 
manufacture of ]iaper pulp, and, to sonic 
extent, for light lumber, woodenware, etc. 

Lombardy Pojilar, Papiilim dilntdtn. 
Ait. — An old-time ornauK'ntal tree, evi- 
dently very popular iu the past, as it often 
marks the location of old country resi- 
dences. Fotind aloug lakeshores, occa- 
sionally coming up naturally from pieces 
of limbs deposited there by the waves. 
The tree never produces seed in this coun- 
try. Little used, excepting as an orna- 
mental tree. 

Coast White Cedar, Chdnuieci/paris tliy- 
oide.^, L. — Abundant in swamps on Long 
Island, the "Cedar Swamps" along the 
coast being so named on account of this 
tree of which they are sometimes densely 
coniiiosed. Used exiensively in the manu- 
facture of pails, buckets, skill's, etc., 
where lightness is a desired quality, and 
for fence posts, telegraph poles, railway 
ties, shingles, etc. 

Arbor-vitte, White Cedar, Tlnnja orci- 
dcniiilix. ],. — Abundant in Northern New 
York in moi.st, rich soil, many of the Adi- 
rondack lakes being more or less skirted 
by these trees. Very useful for fence 
posts, telegraph poles, railway ties, etc., 
the timber bciug (juite durable iu contact 
with the soil, and for skilT building, etc. 

Red Cedar, Jniiiperus Vir(jimana, L. — 
Conuuon throughout the State, excepting 
in elevated regions in the northern i)orti<ui, 
growing with us on dry, gravelly hillsides, 
A very valuable timber for fence posts, 
withstanding decay for perhaps a longer 
period than any other of our native tim- 
bers, It is used too in cabinet making 
- and particularly for chests for clothes and 
furs, as its odor seems to be obnoxious to 
insci'ts. '' 

lied or Norway Pine, Pinim resi'iiam. 
Ait. — Central anil AV'estern and Northern 
New York, but rather uncommon. Used 
for sills, piles, spars and lumber for gen- 
eral construction. 



White Pine, Pimis Strohus, L. — Form- 
erly abundant in rich, moist soil, especially 
in the central, northern and western por- 
tions of the State. A noble tree of great- 
est economic imiiortanee for the manufac- 
ture of doors, sash, blinds, for interior 
llnishing and for general construction pur- 
poses. 

Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, Miller. — Com- 
mon throughout the State. Used for sills, 
piles, fuel and occasionally for lumber. 

Jersey Pine, Piiiiin iiiop.'!, Ait. — Stateu 
Island and thence southward. A tree of 
small or medium size and when large 
enough applicable to the same uses as the 
pitch pine. 

Yellow Pine, I^inti.i j;«Y».«, 3ficJi.v. — A 
southern tree reaching its northern limit 
of distribution on Staten Island, where it 
occurs sparingly. Applied to the same 
uses as the pitch and Jersey pines, not 
being distinguished from theiu commer- 
cially. 

Northern Gray Pine, Pinii.i Bcmlcsiaim, 
TaiihIi. — The ra'rest of the New York 
piues, being' found only in a few localities 
among or near tlie liigli peaks of the Adi- 
rondacks and sparingly among the islands 
of the St. Lawrence, Its range is thence 
northwcst^vard to the Arctic regions. 
Used for railway ties, fuel, etc. 

Hemlock, Tsiii/n CiiiiKdenaix, Curr. — 
Conuuon generally and especially abtjn- 
dant in Northern Slew York. Very valu- 
ableiu tlie production of coar.se lumber for 
general construction purposes, and ocea- 
.sionally for interior finishing, while the 
bark is used very extensively for tanning 
leather. 

Black Spruce, Picea nic/ra, Link. — Oc- 
casionall.v in Western New York and 
abundant in the elevated northern sections 
A valuable lumber for flooring, coping 
and general construction ])urposes, and 
where straight-grained and_cut " i|Uartcr- 
ing " largely manufactured into the sound- 
ing boards "of mu.sieal instruments. It is 
cxensively used too for jiaper pulp and 
the spruce gum of commerce is a product 
of this tree mainly. 

White Spruce, Picai tdlia, Liii/..— A. 
handsome tree, found occasionally in the 
elevated regions of Northeastern New 
York. It is not there as abundant as the 
black spruce, but the lumbermen of the 
region confound the two, calling them 
both the white spruce. Lumber valuable 
for the same uses as is that of the black 
spruce. 

Balsam, ,!/<«.« ludmiiiieit. Mdmlndl. — ■ 
Common in Northern New York and 
occasional in the central and western 
sections in cold swamps. Little used 
until of late it has Ijeen found to possess 
very superior qualities for sounding 
boards of musical instruments, for which 



Repokt on the Fokestky Exiiihit. 



523 



it is now somewhat employed. The 
fragrant boughs of this tree are used for 
filUng pillows and preserve their 
fragrance for a very long period. 

Tamarack, Larch, Larix Americana, 



MicJu: — Abundant in cold swamps in 
the northern and elevated districts — 
more scarce southward. Valuable for 
railway ties, fence ])osts, telegraph poles 
and for the knees of vessels. 



I ISr D I A^ I D U A L EXHIBITS. 



Hough, R. B.. Lowville ; "American 
Woods ; " prepai-ations of woods for the 
stereopticon and microscope and wooden 
cards. 



Jesup, Morris K.. New York ; col- 
lection of native woods. 

Vanderbilt, Geo. W". , New York ; 
working plans of forests, with maps, 
photographs and products. 



THE iWAKDS SYSTEM. 



The system of awards adopted at the Cohimbian Exposition was a 
development of tlie "American system," so called from its fnndamental 
idea of non-comjDetitive exhibits being first pnt into nse at the Centen- 
nial Exposition of 1876. 

The act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, gave to the World's 
Colnmbian Commission jurisdiction over the appointment of judges 
and examiners and the awarding of all premiums. A joint commission 
w'as appointed, consisting of Messrs. A. T. Britton, B. B. Smalley, W. 
F. King and John Boyd Thacher, of the World's Columbian Connnis- 
sion, and Messrs. J. W. Ellsworth, Benjamin Butterworth, C. H. 
McCormick and E. T. Jeffrey, of the World's Columbian Exposition, 
to report on the subject of awards. Before reaching their decision, 
the committee carefully considered the views of the directors-general 
of tlie Philadelphia and Paris Expositions and of several recognized 
authorities on the subject in this country. All substantially concurred 
in recommendations which were embodied in the following extract 
from the i-eport of the joint committee to the Columbian Commission : 

First. " The committee are unanimous in reporting that awards 
should not be competitive. This exposition was designed to show the 
development of the resources of the United States and the progress 
of civilization in the New World in comparison with all nations who 
might wish to participate. It was thought tliat it should be put in its 
results upon a higher plane than simply to indicate the relative merits 
of the competitive exhibits of Smith and Brown. It was believed that 
it should indicate some independent and essential excellence in the 
article exhibited, and that it should record some advancement in the 
state of the art represented by siTch exhibit. 

" To that end the committee recommend that awards shall be granted 
TijDon specific points of excellence or advancement, formulated in words 
by a board of judges or examiners, wdio shall be competent experts, 
and the evidence of these aM'ards shall be parchment certificates, accom- 
panied by bronze medals." 

Second. " The aw^ards of these boards of judges or examinei's will 
thus constitute an enduring and historical record of development and 
progress as represented by the exhibits in question ; the parchment 
certificates will, by sufficient terms of identification, evidence the award, 
and the bronze medal will serve to the exhiliitor as an enduring memento 
of his success. Those exhibits which in the opinion of the juries and 
examiners do not possess sufficient excellence or intrinsic develojDment 
to warrant awards will simjily be scheduled in the general catalogue of 
the exposition." ' 

Third. " It is recommended that there should be but one class or 
kind of medal and that they should be made of bronze." 

The report of the joint committee was adopted by the commission 
Novembev 24r, 1890, and on the 3d of August, 1892, Congress approved 



The Awards System. 525 

the plan and granted Slt-'3,000 for bronze medals and diplomas, to be 
furnished under the sole authority of the Secretary of the Treasury. 
It is worthy of note that the Columbian Commission had absolutely no 
relationship to the preparation of the medals and diplomas. Both are 
made under the supervision of the Secretary of the Treasury, and by 
him delivered to the Columbian Commission, to be awarded to exhibit- 
ors in accordance with the findings of the judges and juries appointed 
by it. The medals were designed by Augustus St. Gaudens, and the 
diplomas by Will II. Low. 

Money awards, graded awards and competitive awards were carefully 
excluded by the plan adopted by the commission and Congress. A 
standard of excellence was established in each class or group of exhibits, 
and the merits of the exhibits were measured by that standard, and 
not by comparison with each other. Tersely put, an exliibit had merit 
enough to warrant an a^vard or it had not. If it had, the examining 
judge noted the specific points of excellence in the exhibit and reported 
to the jury of his department. If his report was sustained by the 
jury the award was granted. If not sustained by a majority vote the 
award ^vas defeated. In cases of controversy additional examinations 
of the exhiint were made by judges appointed, or by the jury as a 
whole. 

This system of awarus was adopted N^ovember 2-i, 1S90, and on 
January 1-4, 1S91, the President of the United States issued his invita- 
tions to the foreign nations to participate, but it was not mitil March 3, 
1893, that Congress made the necessary appropriation to enable the 
committee on awards to proceed mth its labors. An organization was 
at once elfected, and the necessary regulations framed and published. 
Under these regulations the thirteen departments of the fair were each 
provided with an expert jury, varying iu nnml)ers according to the mag- 
nitude of the several departments. These juries were authorized and 
required to control their own organization, having their respective ofti- 
cers of their own selection, and making the necessary subordinate 
arrangements ta give executive eifect to their organization. Out of 
their number from day to day individual examiners M-ere instructed to 
investigate and report npon assigned exhibits, such examiner being 
selected for his supposed (pialifications and especial fitness as an expert, 
in cjnnection with the class of exhil)its to l)e examined, and each being 
required to submit to his departmental jury a written report, wlierein 
he would state the various features of his examination and the sj^ecial 
points of excellence upon which he reconnnended the allowance of an 
award in each instance. The departmental jury meeting as a whole 
and making further examinations through such committees as they 
might find it necessary to appoint amongst themselves, but resulting 
fiuidly in the a<;gregate judgment of tlie whole committee, would there- 
after carefully examine these written reports, and if dissatisfied with 
their correctness or sufiiciency, or otherwise, would secure the appoint- 
ment of -other examiners, either one or nmre, and would have such 
further report or series of reports submitted to them as they might 
. deem sufficient for their information. Wiien finally satisfied that they 
had all the facts before them which, in their judgment, were necessary 



526 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition". 

for tlie making of an award, the jury would act as a whole and deter- 
mine the question of award by a majority vote. From that decision 
there was no appeal upon the merits of the judgment, but if any 
exhibitor complained that injustice had been done to his exhibit by 
reason of fraud, or irregularities, or clerical mistakes, it was compe- 
tent for him to aj)peal to the Executive Committee on Awards, who 
' were thereupon required to appoint an independent court of appeals to 
hear and determine the justice of his complaint. 

The executive committee sought to obtain, both at home and abroad, 
the best men in each class of exhibits who were not only upright and 
competent, but were generally recognized b_y the world to possess both 
qualifications. At the request of the committee the foreign nations 
submitted lists of judges to be appointed upon their behalf, and nearly 
all were highly distinguished for their learning and position in their 
several countries. A similar tribute can be paid to the American 
judges. While in a general body of judges there might be occa- 
sionally appointments of questionable strengtli, it was impossible for 
an incompetent judge to perform duty for any continuous period Avith- 
out developing that fact. The necessity for his submitting Avritten 
reports to his departmental jury would necessarily disclose his deiicien- 
cies and compel the discontinuance of his services. In the a,ggregate 
there were 852 judges appointed. Of that number not to exceed six 
cases of incompetency were developed amongst the judges appointed, 
and only one case of doubtful integrity. 

New York State furnished fifty of the total number of judges, dis- 
tributed through the various departments as follows : 

List of Judges from the State of New York, and the Depart- 
ments AND Groups in which they Served. 

Name. Department. Group. 

Atwater, E. M Manufactures 94 and 95. 

Benjamin, Marcus Manufactures and lib- 
eral arts 8Y, 148. 

Bicknell, J. Y Live stock 34. 

Blackall, R. C Transportation 

Breneman, A. A Agriculture 10. 

Brown, J. G Fine arts 140, 141, 142 and 

144. 
Carpenter, 11. G Machineiy and trans- 
portation ......... 69. 

Chandler C. F Manufactures 87. 

Chase, Wm. M Fine arts 140, 141, 142 and 

144. ■ 

Coe, Ft. E Live stock 31. 

Colne, Charles Manufactures 90, 94, 95 and 96. 

Conger, Mrs. C. de Cosse . . Fine arts 140, 141, 142 and 

144. 

Davis, John P Fine arts 143. 

Dielman, Frederick Fine arts 143. 



The Awards System. 527 

^ame. Department. Group. 

Drevenstedt, J. II Live stock 34. 

Fiske, AVillard Etlinoloo-v 

French. D. C Fine artV 139. 

Freud, Mrs. Hannah Manufactures 104. 

Grargan, H. L Manufactures 100. 

Gilford, E. Swain Fine arts 140, 141. 142 and 

144. 

Hawley, F. "W Live stock 

Hodgson. John H Agriculture T. 

Lafarse, Jolm Manufactures and tine 

arts 90, 140, 141, 142, 

144. 

Laureau. L. G Manufactures 90, 93, 118. 

Lvon, Edmund E Manufactures 105. 

McClelland, Eugene Manufactures 9S. 

McMurtrie, TTni Agriculture 9. 

Markhani, AYm. G Live stock 29. 

Maynard, Geo. ^Y Fine arts 140, 141. 

Millet, Frank D Fine arts, liberal arts, 

manufactures 

Xicoll, J. C Fine arts. 142, 144. 

Paine, Chas. M Transportation 80, 81, 82, 84. 

Patterson, Andrew Manufactures 104. 

Peer, Geo. E Live stock 34. 

Peerlee, Geo. H Agriculture 7. 

Eoberts, LP Live stock 

Evan, Harris J Electricity 137, 138. 

Smith, Joseph Coleord Manufactures 88, 90. 

Steck, George Liberal arts 158. 

Strickland. John W. A Manufactures 

Sweet, John E Agriculture and ma- 

"chinery 7, 16, 69, 79. 

Thurston, E. II Agriculture a:id trans- 
portation 7, 16, 83. 

Ward, Mrs. Catherine Barnes Liberal arts 149, 151. 

Warner, Olin L Fine arts-. 139. 

"Wheeler, Mrs. Caudacc Manufactures 90, 96, 100. 

Williams, Alexander S. . . . Forestrv 19. 

Williams, Eobert D Manufactures 98. 

Wolff, Alfred E Transportation 84. 

Young,- Calvin Agriculture 16. 

Zimmer, F. B Live stock 34. 

The; apprehension that the system of awards adopted would result 
in so large a number of diplomas as to cheapen their value, seems to 
have been-gromidle.ss. Actual experience proved that the obligations 
imposed upon each individual examiner to ref)ort his conclusions in 
wntin? and over his own signature, to become a matter of permanent 
and public record, and the high standard of excellence with whicli the 
comparison of exhibits was made, resulted in such an amount of care, 



528 Nkw Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

eantiou and exactness, as to materially reduce the usual j^erceutage of 
awards. Exclusive of France and Norway, who withdrew from exam- 
ination, and the various individuals who also withdrew their exhihits 
from examination, there were in the Chicago Exposition 65,422 individ- 
ual exhibitors, and the judges made awards to 21,000 individual exhibit- 
ors. This percentage is far below tliat of any other international fair, 
as is shown by the following table : 

Exhibitors. Medals. Per cent. 

1873, Vienna 42,000 ■ 26,000 62 

1876, Philadelphia 31,000 13,104 42 

1888, Melbourne 9,000 6,000 66 

1889, Paris 61,722 33,889 55 

1893, Chicago 65,422 23,757 36 

Of course the immber of exhibitors is not the measure of the num- 
ber of exhibits, because an individual exhibitor might have several 
exhibits in the same or different department, group or class. In fact, 
and as illusti'ative of the labor performed by the juries of awards, over 
250,000 separate exhibits were examined and rej^orted upon, out of 
which accrued the ultimate total of 23,757 medals awarded. 

The system worked expeditiously, and the number of dissatisfied 
exhibitors was remarkably small. In the Paris Exposition of 1889, 
there were more than 800 appeals filed from the awards of the juries, 
670 of wdiieh were allowed, and different awards made upon the judg- 
ment of the appellate coui't. In the Chicago Exposition, out of 65,422 
exhibitors, only 259 complaints were submitted in any form against the 
awards, and out of that number only forty -three cases I'ipened into actual 
appeals. Of these appeals all Iiave been adjusted excepting five, 
wherein the decision of the court of ajipeal has not yet been announced. 

All the awards, with the exception of the cases on appeal, were 
announced from time to time on the bulletin boards of their respective 
departments. It was intended, and preparations to that end had been 
jierfected, to have a formal and ceremonial announcement of awards in 
Music Hall, of the World's Fair grounds, on the thirtieth of October, 
the closing day of the fair, but the concurrent action of all the AVorld's 
Fair authorities in suspending public ceremonies in closing the fail', 
because of the assassination of the mayor of Chicago, compelled the 
awards committee to rest upon their prior and more informal 
announcements. 

The members of the Executive Committee on Awards are : John 
Boyd Thacher, New York, chairman ; A. T. Britton, District of Colum- 
bia ; A. B. Andrews, North Carolina ; W. J. Sewell, New Jersey ; B. 
B. Smalley, Vermont. 

New Yoek Awaeds. 

The u.niformly high merit of the New York exhibits which Avere found 
in nearly every group of the exposition classiti cation, is fully attested 
by the great number of awards granted our exhibitors. Of the 23,757 
awards, New York received 1,873 diplomas and 1,757 medals, not 
including 182 premiums in the live stock exhibit, or about one-twelfth 



The Awauds System. 629 

of the whole number. This imniber is so far iu advance of every other 
■State as to render comparison iiseless, and equals iu number the awards 
granted the German empire. 

Concerning Xew York's prominence, the following letter is in 
evidence : 

" Woeld's Columbian Commission, 

Washixgtox, 2Iar. 2t», 1894. 
'' Hon. John Foley, 

'■ Chief Executive Officer JS'eiv York State Board, World's 
CoJumbiaii Exposition : 

" Dear Sir. — After some unavoidable delay, I have great j^leasure 
in forwarding to you the accompanymg certified list of the awards 
granted to exhibitors from the State of jSfew York at the World's 
Columbian Exposition. 

•• In view of the facts that Xew York was represented in eaeli and 
all of the departments, that iu the more important departments she was 
foremost in the extent of her rejDresentation, and that the awards are 
so numerous as to demonstrate the high chai-acter of the exhibits 
offered, the list finally delivered can hardly fail to prove very satisfac- 
tory to both the commission and the general public. 
" I have the honor to remain, with great respect, 
" Your obedient servant, 

" JOHK BOYD THACHEE, 
" Chairman Executive Committee on Awards. 
"Per John W. Hott, 

'' Representative of the Com,mitteeP 

It will be noticed that the number of diplomas exceeds somewhat 
the number of medals. This is owing to a ruling of the executive com- 
mittee ou awards that no exhibitor could receive more than one medal 
in each groujJ, or more than one diploma in each class in which he 
exhibited. As large firms like Tiiiany & Co., in the manufactures 
department, and Henry E. Worthington, in the machinery department, 
often had exhibits in three or four classes under one group, the differ- 
ence in number between the medals and diplomas is readily apparent. 

In department C, live stock, cash premiums were given to partially 
defray the cost of transportation, care' and subsistence of tlie animals 
exhibited. As before stated, Is^ew York received 182 premiums, aggre- 
gating §5,620, a sum in excess of the total cost of the exhibit. 

The following table shows the number of diplomas and medals in 
each department granted to ISTew York exhibitors : 

Department. Diplomas. Medals. 

A. — Agriculture 288 

Dairy 295 

583 583 

B. — Horticulture, Viticulture 26 

Pomology 26 

Floriculture 40 

92 88 

67 



530 New 1 okk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Department. Diplomas. Medals. 

C. — Live stock, 57 first premiums, 

43 second preminms, 

45 third premiums, 

37 fourth premiums 

D. — Fish, fisheries 

E. — Mines and mining 

F. — Macliinery 

G. — Transportation 

H. — Manufactures 

J. — Electricity 

K. — Fine arts * 

L. — Liberal arts 

M. — Ethnology 

N. — Forestry 



*The 84 diplomas specifically mention 540 works of art. 



19 


15 


16 


16 


90 


74 


88 


87 


73 


73 


351 


808 


56 


46 


84 


^ 84 


400 


362 


17 


17 


4 


4 


1,873 ■ 


1,757 



AWAIIDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT A, AGRICULTURE. 



GKO0P 1. CEREALS, GRASSES. 



Aldrich, Charles H., Miittituck: corn. 

Aldridge, A. 6., Victor; rye. 

Andrews, William. Bristol; barlej . 

Ansley, Frank, Billsboi'ough; corn. 

Archer. "W. 6., Clifton Springs; corn. 

Batclielor. Daniel, Utica; timothy and 
collection of grasses. 

Bates, George, Cambria; corn. 

Beaver, Harry. Lyndonville; wheat. 

Bellinger, J. G., Herkimer; wheat. 

Black. "W. F., Billsborough; corn. 

Bonnell, H. S.,AVaterloo; beans, Japan- 
ese buckwheat. 

Bovren, H. S., Newport; corn. 

Briglyn, Ed., Orleans; corn. 

Brumaghim, A., Fonda; broom corn. 

Buchan, W. S., Hopewell Centre; 
corn. 

Burch, J., Medina; barley. 

Callman, John, Hopewell Centre; corn. 

Case, S. AV., Orleans; corn. 

Chapman. P. B. , Chapinsvillc; wheat. 

Clark, V. ^Y., W. Bethany; barlev. 

Clark, W. P., AVaddington; corn.' 

Conklin, E. W., & Son, Binghamton; 
clover and timothy seed. 

Cook, H. C, Dundee; wheat. 

Coolidge, Charles. Phelps; corn, rye. 

Coon, U. 6., Medina; wheat, barley. 

Gumming, Arthur, Cuylerville; corn, 
buckwheat. 

Cummings, Peter, Schoharie; corn. 

Dankleberger, M. C, E. Varick; clover 
seed. 

Dauolds, A. A., Medina; barlej". 

Davison, G. H., Millbrook; corn. 

Davison, John I., Lockport; clover 
seed. 

Decker, G. TV.. Monticello; corn. 

Didaraa, J. E., Ttledina; barley, wheat. 

Donald, A., Horseheads; collection of 
grasses. 

Eastman, C. F., Woodville; corn. 

Ferguson. E., Orleans; corn. 

Fisher. Albert, Ithaca; corn. 

Fisher. George, Hendy Creek; rye. 

Fox. "William, Clifton Springs; corn, 
clover, wheat. 

Gray, James H., Lima; wheat. 

Gregorv, Chas. P., Geneva; barley. 

Grinneil. A. D., E. Shelby; barley. 

Ham. Henry, Lyndonville; wheat. 

Hamilton. NVilliam. Caledonia; wheat. 

Harte. George. Spencerport; corn. 

Hasbroack, Hiram, Lloyd; rye. 

Henderson. Peter, & Co., New York; 
barley, buckwheat, grass, timothy, clover 



seed, corn, wheat and collective exhibit 
of grasses. 

Hibbard, C. M. , Sprout Brook; corn, 
wheat, beans. 

Hill, Ed. S., Peruville; Japanese wheat. 

Hocroff, R. M., Hopewell; corn. 

HoUand, James, Seneca Castle; corn. 

Hopkins, F. B., Bath; corn. 

Horning, A., Phelps; wheat. 

Howarth, Edward, Lockport; clover 
seed. 

Howarth, Richard, E. Varick; clover 
seed. 

Howell, S. D., Millville; barley, wheat. 

Howette, David, Varick; clover seed. 

Rowland, John, Gloversville; corn. 

Isham, W. B. , New York; r3re. 

J0II3', Isaac, W. Fayette; corn. 

Jones, John W., Elmira; rye. 

King, T. H., Trumansburg; corn. 

Kingsford, Thomas, & Son, Oswego; 
barley. 

Knapp, A. N.. Seneca Castle; corn. 

Laub, D. A., Waterloo; corn. 

Leach, A. T., Lyons; barley. 

Lee. R. M., S. Bloorafleld; corn. 

Link, W. H., Reeds Corners; corn. 

Longwell, Carver, Bradford; corn. 

Lowman, F. C, Nichols; corn. 

McCann, John, Elmira; corn. 

JIcGrain, D , McDougals; corn. 

Macke}', D. D., Highland; corn. 

McVean, J. J., Johnstown; rye. 

McVean, .1. .1., Johnstown; corn. 

Marsh, David, Cuylerville; corn. 

Maynard, Mrs. 0. E.. Waterloo; corn. 

Miller, James, Penn Yan; wheat. 

Morgan, George. Easton; corn. 

'Muiser, Richard, Suffern; rye. 

3Iurdock, Fred., Medina; barley. 

Murphy, Arthur, Seneca Castle; corn. 

Nellis, John W., Palatine Bridge; rye. 

Newcomb, A. J., Flint; corn. 

Newman, Wm. O., Ithaca; corn. 

Newton, John, Hopewell Centre; col- 
lection of corn. 

Nichols, Peter F., Lewis; rye. 

Nichols, Scott, Adamsville; rye. 

Nutcaway, Robert, Schoharie; rye. 

Ontario County Exhibit; corn. 

Orleans County Exhibit; wheat. 

Oxner, .J. S.,New Haven; corn. 

Paine, John. Greece; wheat, beans. 

Pease, W. B., Lockport; corn. 

Pelton, P. R., Monticello; rye. 

Pierson, M. F., Seneca Castle; com, 
beans. 



532 



ISTew Yoke at the "Woeld's CoLUMBiAiS' Expositioist^. 



E., Pittsford; buckwheat, 



R., Waterloo; Japanese 



Preston, 
beans. 

Quinn, E. 
buckwheat. 

Raymond, E. A., Bedford; r_ye. 

Reissugue, J., Blaine; corn, beans. 

Rogers, George P., Barre Centre; wheat. 

Rowley, A. P., S. Cortland; corn. 

Ryan, James, SJielby Centre; wheat. 

Salisbury, G. &E. M., Hindsburg; red 
clover. 

Sanders, J. P., Bristol Springs; buck- 
wheat. 

Lewis, and Dwelle, 



Shearman, 

Tan; barley. 

Sherwood, 

Sholtes, C. 



Penn 



John, Medina; barley. 
Schoharie; corn. 
Sims & Tinkham, Akron; barley. 
Smith, Moses, Ilallsville; corn. 
State of New York; collective exhibit 
of cereals and vegetables. 



GEOUP 2. 
Mfg. 



— BEEADS, 

Co. , New 



Columbia Macaroni 
York; Italian pastes. 

Corson, Juliet, Jliss, New York; cook 
ing school. 

Durkee, E. R., New York; bakins 
powder. 

Kingsford & Sou, Oswego; starches. 



Stewart, Alex. B., Ballston Centre; 
rye. 

Stillman, D. B., Brookfield; corn. 

Stone, John R., W. Fayette; corn. 

Sutton, Charles, Shortsville; rye. 

Thompson, G. S., Amenia; corn. 

Thorn, JohnW., Enfield; corn. 

Timmorman, Anna G., Medina; barley. 

Townsend, L. M., Lodi; wheat. 

Trickey, Rhodes, Bristol Springs; buck- 
wheat. 

Tuttle, Charles W., Clockville; rye, 
wheat. 

Weed, James L., Ballston Spa; corn. 

Wilcox, Amos, Jame.stown; corn. 

Wilcox, James, E. Chatham; corn. 

Williams, D. E., Geneva; corn. 

Wolvcrton, Peter, Canandaigua; clover 
seed. 

Wooden, J. H., Waterloo; rye. 

Yarter, A., Sandy Hill; rj-e. 

CAKES, STAECH, ETC. 

Martin, Cornelia E., Auburn; brandied 
fruits,- fruit preserves, fruit jellies, vege- 
table pickles. 

National Starch Mfg. Co., New York; 
starches. 

Thacher's Baking Powder Co., Pots- 
dam; baking powder. 



GEOUP 3. SUGAES, HONEY, ETC. 



Brooklj'n; chewing 
Co., New York; 
Co., New York; 



Adams & Sous Co, 
gum. 

American Sugar Refg. 
refined cane sugar. 

American Sugar Refg. 
beet root sugar. 

Baldwin, A. P., S. Otselic; maple sugar. 

Brown, Morris', Otselic Centre ; maple 
sugar. 

Falconer, W. T., Mfg. Co., Jamestown; 
beeswax and beekeepers' supplies. 

Fargo, Fred, H., Batavia; comb honey. 

Faville, Mrs. Chas., Holland; extracted 
linden honey. 

Hakes, Frank, Cortland; maple syrup. 

Hastings, M. E., New York Mills; 
comb and extracted honey and beekeepers' 
supplies. 

Hetherington, J. E., Cherry Valley ; 
clover comb honey. 

Hershiser, Orel L., Buffalo; honey pro- 
duced from apiary in operation at fair. 

Holcomb, Irving, Butternut Grove ; 
maple cream. 

Hoffman, Julius, Canajoharie; products 



Springs ; 



Poplar Ridge ; amber 
maple 
confec- 



in which honey enters, comb honey, ex- 
tracted hone}'. 

Hutchius, F. C, Massena 
clover extracted honey. 

Lindsey, C. V., Attica; comb honey. 

Little, Malcom, Malcom; amber cane 
syrup. 

Mckeel, Isaac 
cane syrup. 

Mclntyre, Wm., Marathon ; 
syrup. 

Maillard, Henry, New York; 
tioneries and chocolates. 

National Starch 31fg. Co., New York; 
glucose. 

Randall, Ralph, Pitcher; maple syrup. 

Schall & Co., New York; ornamental 
confectioner}'. 

Smith, N. P. , Union Valley ; maple 
syrup, maple sugar. 

Teunant, E. M., Willett; maple .syrup. 

Van Deusen. J., & Sou, Sprout Brook; 
comb foundation. 

Warren, A. D.. De Ruyter ; maple 
syrup. 



GEOUP 4. POTATOES. 



Baggerly, B. W., Clifton Springs; po- 
tatoes. 

Billington, J, F., East Avirora; pota- 
toes. 



Bonnel, Geo. A., Waterloo; potatoes. 
Brace, J. A., Albion; potatoes. 
Bracj', E. M. , Ogdensburg; potatoes. 
Bruse, H. G., Hoosick Palls; potatoes. 



Awards ik the Ageicultueai. Depaetment. 



533 



Chapmau, C. E., Peruville; potatoes. 
Cloyes, A. G., Utica; potatoes. 
Gascoigne, C. E. , Lyons; potatoes. 
Hull. G. JNI.. Merriticld; potatoes. 
Hurlbert, E., Treutou Falls; potatoes. 
Lewis, K. N., Red Hook; potatoes. 
Lewis, Sidney, Syracuse; potatoes. 
Loucks, Howard, Chittenaugo; potatoes. 
Marks, W. F., Cbapiusville; potatoes. 
Pearson, H. C, Pitcairn; potatoes. 



Preston, E. , Pittsford; potatoes. 

Qua, Frank, East Hartford; potatoes. 

Roberts, W. H., Chateaugay; potatoes. 

Rupert, ^X. P., & Sou, Seneca Falls; 
potatoes. 

Ryall, B., Saratoga Springs; potatoes 

Sliuu, Benj. S., Spring Valley; pota- 
toes. 

Titus, R. F., Westbury; potatoes. 



CiKOUP J. 



■ MISCELLAJSEOUS FAEM PEODrCTS. 



Bergeman, G., Yates; peas. 
Blauchai-d, George B., Lyndouville, 
beans. 
Brown, E. C, Rochester; peas. 
Brown, R. R., ttSon, Carlton; peas. 
Burch, Pbilo, Carlyou; beans. 
Conover, Edwin, Carh-on; beans. 
Fletcher, James H., Waterport; beans. 
Florey, Cubit, Shell)}- Centre; beans. 
Gould, H. D., Yates; pea?. 
Howard, J. E., Canandaijua; peas. 
Howell, S. D.. Millville; peas. 
James, A. D., Knowlesville; peas. 
Leonard, Chas., Shelby Centre; peas. 
McBain, A. D., Brockport; beans. 
Orleans County E.xhibit; peas. 



Paine, F. W., Albion; peas. 
Payne, George. Billsborough; peas. 
Pickett, Daniel. Millville; peas. 
Pierce, Romanzo, Lyndonvillc; beans. 
Roberts, D. L., Royalton Centre; beans. 
Starr, H. M., Medina; beans. 
Tapper, C, Holley; beans. 
Tuller, H. B., Rochester; peas. 
Turner, Samuel, Lyndonville; peas. 
Webster, J. D. ,&Son, Medina; beans. 
Whitney, J. H., Millville; pe.as. 
Whittalier, Wm., Knowlesville; peas. 
Whittleton, Jacob, Medina; peas. 
Wilkie, C. W., FUnt; beans. 
Wilson, Wm. V., Medina; beans. 



GEOrP (I 



■ FOOD PREPARATIONS. 



Curtice Bros & Co., Rochester; canned 
meats and canned vegetables. 

Dadirrian, M. 6., New York; matzoou, 
matzol. 

Durkee, E. R., & Co., New York; 
sauces and condiments. 

Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo; catsup 
and canned vegetables. 

Franco- American Food Co.. New York; 
soups, chicken and game pates in cans. 



Howell Condensing Co., Goshen; cream 
fruit pudding, evaporated and sterilized 
milk, unsweetened. 

Humbert, H., & Co., Brooklyn; calfs- 
foot jellj'. 

New York Condensed Milk Co., New 
York; extract of coSee, sweet and plain 
condensed milk. 

Schepp, L., New York; cream fruit 
puddings, improved cocoanut. 



GROUP 1. 



■DAIEY PEODUCTS, CHEESE. 



Alger, G. S., Martinsburg; cheese. 
Ayer, J. W., Watertown; cheese. 
Ayers, E. E., Rice's; cheese. 
Austin, Charles, Deer River; cheese. 
Baker, F. P., Camden; cheese. 
Bartlett, G. L., Edwards; cheese. 
Berry, John H., Spragueville; cheese. 
Blanding, F., Hubbardsville; cheese. 
Blum. Albert, Leyden; cheese. 
Bobsin, H. J., Collins; cheese. 
Boyd, Geo. H., Norwich; cheese. 
Bristow, Jas., Sinclairville; cheese. 
Brown, A. P.. Fowler; cheese. 
Burleigh, J. F., Vernon; cheese. 
Carpenter, Burt, Moons; cheese. 
Carpenter, H. 3L, Higginsville; cheese. 
Carpenter, Z.. East Rindolph; cheese. 
Christ; Jas.. Collins; cheese. 
Clarke. N. E.. Potsdam; cheese. 
Cold Brook Factory, Omar; cheese. 
Collins Centre Factory, Collins; cheese. 
Conover, W. D. . Leyden; cheese. 
Cooper, W. H., Laona; cheese. 



Cowden, W. A.. Attica; cheese. 
Davej', Albert, Minden; cheese. 
De Garmo, A. E., Ilion; cheese. 
Dexter, J. W., Lycoming; cheese. 
Dickinson, B., So. Rutland; cheese. 
Dolfin, Peter, Winterton; cheese. 
Dunawaj', Fred, East Rodman; cheese. 
Douglas, John P., Theresa; cheese. 
Douglass, G. B., New York city; cheese. 
Eames, A. D., Solsville; cheese. 
Eldred, Zenas, Bridgewatcr; cheese. 
Elizabethtown Factory (M. Getman), 
Mohawk; cheese. 
Empire State Factory, Clayton; cheese. 
Erickson, Heury, Thornton; cheese. 
Evans, J. D., Attica; cheese. 
Experimental Station, Geneva; cheese. 
Farmers' Factory. Depauville; cheese. 
Farrell, James, Morristown; cheese. 
Finster, J. E., Lacona: cheese. 
Fitch, W. H., Lowville; cheese. 
Flath, Geo., Philadelphia: cheese. 
Flath, Wm., Philadelphia; cheese. 



534 



New Yoke at the Woeld"s Columbian Exposition. 



Ford, J. W,, Fairfield; cheese. 

Fuller, (-'lark, Spragueville; cheese. 

Getry, Alexander, Jordanville; cheese. 

Goodrich, D. A., So. Champion; cheese. 

Gove, A. E., Pamelia Four Corners; 
cheese. 

Gowiinda Factor_y, Collins; cheese. 

Grant, H. L. , Rensselaer Falls; cheese. 

Grant, R. P., Clayton; cheese. 

Graves, B. M., Lowville; cheese. 

Graves, E. G., Lowville; cheese. 

Green, H. J., Brier Hill; cheese. 

Griffith, Wm. S., De Peyster; cheese. 

Hall, S. A., Watertown; cheese. 

Hamhleton, W. N. , DeWittville; cheese. 

Hardy, John C, Copenhagen; cheese. 

Harper, Henry, Sinclairvillc; cheese. 

Harris. J. B., Antwerp; cheese. 

Herley, Michael, Constahleville; cheese. 

Hill Spring Factory, Omar; cheese, 

Holden, J. R., Franklinville; cheese. 

Hunt, M., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Hurst, E. A., jNIacomh; cheese. 

Hutchinson, A. D., Ellington; cheese. 

Hydorn, Chas. L., Morristown; cheese. 

Irwin, J., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Johnson, L. A., Collins; cheese. 

Johnson, M. J., De Kalb Junction; 
cheese. 

Jordanville Factory (M. Getmau), Mo- 
hawk; cheese. 

East Bridge Factor}' (M. Getman), Mo- 
hawk; cheese. 

Kent, D. E., Watson; cheese. 

Klopner, Fred E., Port Ley den; cheese. 

Lawrence & Darling, Chester; cheese. 

Lemon, H. H., Pope; cheese. 

Lewis, Frank, Canadea; cheese. 

McAdam, W. H., Centralia; cheese. 

Markham's Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Marshfield Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Merriman, A. P., Phojuix; cheese. 

Merry, G,, Verona; cheese. 

Miller, A., Adams; cheese. 

Miller, A. E., Siloam; cheese. 

lEller, D. H., Rodman; cheese. 

Moon, T. E., Collins; cheese. 

Morehouse, H. D., Ava; cheese. 

Morganstern, C. J., Attica; cheese. 

Morts, M. C, Mohawk; cheese. 

Mowers, L., Mills' Mills; cheese. 

Mutter, Will., West Monroe; cheese. 

Neuenschwander, J. & J., Monroe; 
cheese. 

Northiip, Frank, Wegatchie; cheese. 

Norton, R., Attica; cheese. 

Olden, C. S., Leon; cheese. 
- Oliver, John, Collins; cheese. 

"1,000 Island" Factory, St. Lawrence; 
cheese. ' 



Oj'er, Oscar, East Schuyler; cheese. 

Parsons, J., Moons; cheese. 

Peters, H., Turin; cheese. 

Pickard & Baker, Hermon; cheese. 

Porter, Geo. B., New Haven; cheese. 

Price, W. H., New York city; cheese. 

Quinlan, F. B., Van Hornesville; 
cheese. 

Ramsey, Isaac, Morristown; cheese. 

Ray nor, Lewis J., Copenhagen; cheese. 

Rich, Frank, Bigelow; cheese. 

Root, C. P., Gilbertsville; cheese. 

Rowley, S. C, Kenned j'; cheese. 

Secor, W. G., Pope; cheese. 

Searl, Jay H., Lowville; cheese. 

Seaver, R. C, Sinclairville; cheese.. 

Shannon, M. A., Edenton; cheese. 

Sharp, J. J., Howard; cheese. 

Sheffner, E. A., Edwards; cheese. 

Smitli, Alpheus, Norwich; cheese. 

Smith, jNIrs. A. J., Mannsville; cheese. 

Smith, Irving, Richville; cheese. 

Smith, Monroe, East Randolph; cheese. 

Spencer, ^Y. C, Lowville; cheese. 

Star Factory Co., Antwerp; cheese. 

Stevens, A. A., Charlotte Centre; checfe. 

Stevens, A. M., Orwell; cheese. 

Stone, JIanly, East Randolph; cheese. 

Still, C. B., Theresa; cheese. 

Stockwell, O. P., Attica; cheese. 

Story, Luther, Kennedy; cheese. 

Stuber, S. S.. Holland Patent; cheese. 

Swectland, H. 8., Randolph; cheese. 

Swift, G. C, Jordansville, cheese. 

Swift, N. W., Paines Hollow; cheese. 

Thompson, Thos., Sinclairville; cheese. 

Tower, L. H., Moons; cheese. 

Tuttle, A. L., So. Edmeston; cheese. 

Union Factorj', Collins; cheese. 

Van Horn, N., No. Bay; cheese. 

Vary, W. H., Harrisburg; cheese. 

Wakefield, C. B., Kennedy; cheese. 

Water, D. W., Rice's; cheese. 

Weller, J., Fairfield; cheese. 

West Concord Factory, Collins: cheese. 

Wheelock, C. T., West Winfield; cheese. 

Wheelock, S. C, No. Winfield; cheese. 

Wilder, J. D., Centralia; cheese. 

Williams, T. J., Remsen; cheese. 

Winchester, M, D., Attica; cheese. 

Wilson, C. B., Fredonia; cheese. 

Wood, James L., De Kalb Junction; 
cheese. 

Young, Geo., No. Hammond; cheese. 

Young & Young, Fillmore, cheese. 

Youngling, Lewis S., New York city, 
cheese. 

Zoar Factory, Collins; cheese. 

Zoller, Jacob, Little Falls; cheese. 



BUTTEE. 

Anderson, C, Delhi; butter. I Baker's Gilt Edge Creamery (M. T. 

Archibald, J. R., Margaretville, butter. Baker), Cherubusco; butter. 

Bailey, Roscoe, So. Jefferson; butter. I Baldwin, A. P., So. Otselic; butter. 



Awards in the Agkicultueal Department. 



535 



Bishop, Wheeler, Castile; butter. 

Bloomhower, A. D., Jlooers Forks; 
butter. 

Boj'd, B. S. , Loomis; butter. 

Brooks, Arehey, Owego; butter. 

Brown, Hiram, Canton; butter. 

Brown, Jus. P., East Jleredith; butter. 

Burroughs, C, Roxbury; butter. 

Card. I., Berkshire; butter. 

Cfvvin, A. & W. II., Delhi; butter. 

Chambers, C'. H., No. Lawrence; butter. 

Champlin, J. P., Kuth; butter. 

Chandler. II. G., Ogdeusburg; butter. 

Close, "W. J., Margaretville; butter. 

Cole, J., ^largaretville; butter. 

Converse, H. J., Southville; butter. 

Cotton, A. S., Clifton Springs; butter. 

Connor, J., East Meredith; butter. 

Craft, Daniel, Stamford; butter. 

Craft, F., Roxbury; butter. 

Crapsen, E. S., Waddington; butter. 

Dales, E., Hobart; butter. 

Dales, M., Roxbury; butter. 

Danforth, Mrs. G.W., Stamford; butter. 

De Silva, W. J., Margaretville; butter. 

Dunn, A. T., Hobart; butter. 
Eddy, A. S., McDonough; butter. 
Erwin, D. AY. C, Massena. butter. 

Faulkner, Morris, Margaretville; butter. 
Finklc, Isaac, Shavertown, butter. 
Flaherty, M. H., Ma.ssena; butter. 

Gibson," Mrs. F. F., Hobart; butter. 

Gladstone, .J., Andes; butter. 
Hanford, C. O., East Meredith; butter. 
Hanford, D. J., East 3Ieredith; butter. 
Harrington, C. D.. Plymouth; butter. 
Hawle-y, F- W., Pittsford; butter. 
Hetherington, S., East Meredith; 
butter. 

Hildreth, Frank G. , Herkimer; butter. 
Hiukley, E. D.. Roxbury; butter. 
Howe, H. AV., Madrid Springs; butter. 
Howland, T. P. &0. L., AValton; butter. 
Hulbert, John, Chenango; butter. 
Humphrey Bros., Iso. Bangor; butter. 
JHumphrey Bros., Cherubusco; butter. 
Humphrey Bros., Marble River; butter. 
Hungerford, ilrs. Wm., Ithaca; butter. 
Hunt, C. R.. Franklin; butter. 
Ingalls, J. R , New Kingston; butter. 
Jackson, J. T., Franklin; butter. 
Johnson, Geo., Stamford; butter. 
Kay, WillE., Herkimer; butter. 
Keatoii, C. X., Roxbury; butter. 
Kennedy. W., Stamford; butter. 
Kirklanil Creamery. Kirkland; butter. 
Kittle. Oren, Jasper; butter. 
La Grange Creamery Assoc., Pough- 
keepsie; butter. 

L:iwrence, John C, Kelly's Corners; 
butter. 

Leath, R. B., Shavertown; butter. 
Leonard, Theodore H., Crary's Mills; 
butter 

Liddle, Geo., Andes; butter. 
Llovd, Sand.. Franklin; butter. 



McAllaster, C, Stamford; butter. 

McBain, A. D., Brockport; butter. 

McDonald, John T., Delhi; butter. 

McKinney, H. J., Pine Bush; butter. 

McLaury, D. P., Stamford; butter. 

Mable, 6. S., Franklin; butter. 

Maple Shade Creamer)-, Texas Valley; 
butter. 

Matteson, H. S., Morris; butter. 

Mayham, Milo A. , Jefferson; butter. 

Merrill, D. W., Franklin; butter. 

Middlemist, J., Walton; butter. 

Miller, John N., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Miller, W. E., Hobart: butter. 

Mills i.t Jlunson, No. Franklin; butter. 

Mitchell. II. H., East Jleredith; butter. 

Moore, J. Burke, Oxford; butter. 

Morse, II., Roxbury; butter. 

Morton, Levi P., RhinecUff; butter. 

Mowry, W. R., Oxford; butter. 

Mundy, Jas. R., Norwich; butter. 

Mun.son, E. S.. Franklin; butter 

Neuenschwander, J. & J,, Monroe; 
butter. 

Nichols. John O., Harpersfield; butter. 

Paine, John L. , Jordanville; butter. 

Palmer, D. P., Franklin; butter. 

Parker & Edgerton, Coventry; butter. 

Pease, H. N., "Delhi; butter. " 

Peters, D. W., Stamford; butter. 

Peters, E. V., Stamford; butter. 
McDonough; butter. 
Franklin; butter. 

Prentice. W. E., Owego; butter. 

Purdy, O. B. , Downsville; butter. 
Greene; butter. 
D., Roxbury; butter. 

Roberts, J. I., East :\Ieredith; butter. 

Rose, Edmund, Delhi; butter. 

Rutherford, J. T., Canton; butter. 

Thomas F. . iladrid ; butter. 
W., Waddiuffton; butter. 



Piatt, PI. N., 
Potter, C. O. 



Race,"E. E. 
Reynolds, C. 



Rutherford, 
Rutherford. 
Sanford, D. 
Sanford, R. 
Sanford, R. 



Sanford, R. W. 



Nicholsville; butter. 
Hopkinton; butter. 
, Hobart; butter. 
Margaretville; butter. 
(Au- 



Seneca Co-Operative Creamery 
gust Johnson); butter. 

Shaw, A., Andes; butter. 

Shaw, J. B., Crary's Mills; butter. 

Shattuck, J. B., Cherry Creek; butter. 

Sherruck Creamery, Sherruck; butter. 

Shults, A, M., State Line; butter. 

Shutts, E. M.. Stamford; butter. 

Sibley & Rowle}', Kennedy, butter. 

Sigbee, Jas., Franklin; butter. 

Simpson, D. C, .Jasper; butter. 

Slosson, J. B., Roxbury; butter. 

Smith, W. B., Bovina Centre; butter. 

Squires, A., Franklin; butter. 

Standard Butter Co., Owego: butter. 

Stringer, Wm. , Franklin; l5utter. 

Strangewa.y, J. L., Andes; butter. 

Talcott, C. H., Massena Spa; butter. 

Thompson, A. L., Cherry Creek; but- 
ter. 



536 



K^EAV YoEK AT THE "WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



Tliompson, J. R. , Delhi; butter. 

Vau Amburgh, E. , Stamford; butter. 

Van Benschoteu, J., New Kingston; 
butter. 

V.'in Wagenen, Jared, Lawyersville; 
butter. 

Whitford, Leroy, Stow; butter. 

Wilcox, C. C, Oswego Falls; butter. 

Wilcox, James, Sliavertown; butter. 



De Laval Separator Co., The, New 
York; cream separators. 

Gcuesee Salt Co., Piffard; dairy salt. 

Hansen's, Chr., Laboratory, Little Fall.s; 
rennet extract, rennet tablets and butter 
color. 

Iron Clad Jlfg. Co., New York; milk 
cans and pail. 

Thacher Mfg. Co. , Potsdam; but ter color. 



GROUP 



8. AEOMATIC 

New York 

York city; 

New York 



SUBSTANCES. 



Consolidated Cigarette Co., 
citv; tobacco cigarettes. 

i:)urkee, E. R., & Co , New 
ground spices, mustard. 

Ellinger, Julius, & Co., 
city; cigars. 

Fox & Scarle, New York city; hops. 

Garcia, F. A., & Co., New"York city; 
cigars. 

Gulden, Charles, New York city; mus- 
tard prepared. 

Maillard, Henrj', New York city; choc- 
olate and cocoa. 

New York State Agricultural Exhibit; 
leaf tobacco. 

Lozano, Pcndas & Co. , New York city ; 
cigars. 



York city; 
York city: 



Sanchez & Haya, New 
cigars, Havana cigars. 

Seidenberg & Co., New 
cigars. 

Stachelberg, M., & Co., New York city; 
cigars. 

Stahl, Jacob, Jr., & Co., New York 
city; cigars. 

Surbrug, J. W., New York city; 
Golden Sceptre smoking tobacco. 

Upmann. Carl, New Yoik city; seed 
and Havana cigars. 

Wilbur, D, F., Oneouta; hops. 

Ybor, V. M., i& Manrara, New York 
city; Havana tobacco, cigars. 



GEOUP 9. COTTON, WOOL AND SILK. 



Bard well. A., Fargo; wool. 
Cossitt, Davis, Onondaga; wool. 
Currj', William, & Son, Hartwick; 
wool. 



Osburn & Ladd, Victor; wool. 
Ray & Jlarkham, Hemlock Lake; wool. 
Warren, J. Hobart, Hoosick Falls; wool. 
Wynu, T. J., Lakeville; wool. 



collective exhibit of 



GEOUP 10. WATEI^S. 

Deep Rock Spring Co., Oswego; min- 1 New York State; 
eral water. mineral waters. 

Morgan, John, New York; ginger ale i Vichy Spring Co., Saratoga; mineral 
and soda water, mineral water. I water. 

GEOUP 11. WHISKIES, ALCOHOLS. 

Osborn, John, Son & Co., New Yoi-k; 1 Wolfe's, Udolpho, Son & Co., New 
antediluvian blended rye whisky. I York ; Wolfe's Schiedam aromatic 

I chnapps. 

GKOUP 12. JVIALT LIQUOES. 

Liebmann, S., Sons Brewing Co., 



Baedleston & Woerz, New York; beer 
and pale stock ale in wood and bottles. 

Evans, C. H., & Sons, Hudson; ales and 
stout. 

GEOUP 13.- 



Brooklyn; ale and lager beer in wood and 
bottles. 

Mayer, David, Brewing Co., New York; 
lager beer in wood and bottles. 



German American Filter Co 
York; beer filter. 



FEEMENTING MACHINEEY. 

New I Scoville, E. U., Manlius; oil and molas 
I ses gates. 

GKOUP 14. — FAEMS AND FAEM BUILDINGS. 

E., New York- Steel 



Chanler, John 
and brick road. 

National League for Good Roads, New 
York; Macadam & Telford Co. roads. 

New York State, Albany; seventeen 
varieties of soil, rich in plant food. 



Seneca Co. Farmers; black loam, 
wheat, corn, oats, barley, products. 

Webster & Hannum, Cazenovia; bone 
and vegetable cutter. 




> 

o 

'J 



1- 
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> 



Awards in the Agkiccltueal Department. 



ssr 



GROUP 16. FARM TOOLS. 



Bender, J. O., & Son, Fajetteville; 
transpliintei'. 

Birdsall Co., The, Auburn; traction 
engine. 

C. C. Plow Co., Elmira; plows. 

Columbian Cordage Co., Auburn; 
binder twine. 

Dederiek. P. K., & Co., Albany; 
presses. 

Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; rice 
buller, lawn rake. 

Gillette Clipping ^Machine Co., New 
York; clipping and shearing machines. 



Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., Syracuse; 
manure spreader. 

Morgan, D. S., & Co., Brockport; har- 
row and cultivators. 

Osborn, D. M., Auburn: disc harrows. 

Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse; 
plows and cultivators. 

Westinghouse Co., The, Schenectady; 
bean threshing machine, tubular boiler. 

Wood, Walter A., Hoosick Falls; 
mower. 



Grace, W. R., 
nitrate of soda. 



& 



GROUP 17. FERTILIZERS, 

Co. , New 



York; j Knox, Chas. B,, Johnstown; calf's- foot 
gelatine. 



GROUP 18. OILS, SOAPS, 



American Cotton Oil Co., The, New 
York; salad oil, cotton seed oil, cotton 
seed meal, cottoline. 

Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; caudles. 

Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; Baumer's 
patent high altar candle extract. 

Durkee, E. R.,& Co., New York; mus- 
tard seed oil. 



ETC. 

Eckerman & Will, Syracuse; candles 
and other articles made from beeswax. 

Miller, Wm. P., Co., Brooklyn and. 
Chicago; lubricating machines and com- 
pounds. 

Phoenix Candle Co., Syracuse; candles, 
candle shades. 

State of New York, Albany; flaxseed. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully 
compared with the records in this department and is correct. 

J. S. BROWNING, 
March 21, 1894. C hief of Department of Agriculture. 



68 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS 
IN DEPARTMENT B, HORTICULTURE. 



GEOUP 20. VITICULTUKE 

Experiment Station, Geneva; collection 
of grapes. 

Dunning, D. M., Aubui'n; collection of 
grapes. 



New York State, Albany; grapes (crops 
of 1893 and 1893). 

New Yorli State, Albany; photos of 
vines, models of training, etc. 



WINES. 



Banniher, J. H., New York; wines, 
Norton's. 

Brocton Wine Cellars. Brocton; wines, 
Catawba, 1880; brandj', fine old. 

Brotherhood Wine Co., New York; 
wines, sweet Delaware and pure table 
claret. 

Dewey, H. T., & Sons, New York; 
wines. Delaware; port, Dewey's. 

Empire State Wine Co., Penn Yan; 
brand}', wines, port and claret. 

Garlock, Abram, Newark ; cider 
brand}'. 

Garlock, P., & Son, Phelps; cider 
brand)'. 

Germania Wine Co., Hammondsport: 
Reisling. 

Germania Wine Co.. Hammondsport; 
wines, champagne, "Excelsior." 

Hammondsport Wine Co., Hammonds- 
pw't; brandy. 

Hammondsport Wine Co., Hammonds- 
port; sparkling wine, Golden Age, Ex- 
tra Dry Catawba. 

The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department and is correct. 

H. W. CANNON, 
February 20, 1894. Chief of Departnient of Viticulture. 

GROUP 21. POMOLOGY. 



Irondequoit Wine Co., Rochester; 
wines, sweet Catawba. 

Lake Keuka Wine Co. , Hammondsport; 
wines; champagne, L. K. W. ; port. 

Jliller, George, Bristol Springs; wines, 
port. 

New Y^ork State, Albany; collection of 
brandies. 

Pleasant Valley Wine Co., Rheims; 
wines, port; champagnes. Great Western, 
Extra Drjr, Carte Blanche, Dry Catawba. 

Sammons, Warren, Rosendale; cider 
brandy. 

Sayer, J. L., & Son, Warwick; cider 
brandy. 

Shafer, D. A., Montgomery; cider 
brandy. 

Smith, W. M., Bath; cider brandy. 

Urbana Wine Co., Hammondsport; 
wines, champagne, " Gold Seal," " Extra 
Dry." 

Wisner, Charles E., Warwick; cider 
brandy. 



Boldridge, C. J., Kendaia; unfermented 
grape juice. 

Brockport Union Agricultural Society, 
Brockport; apples. 

Brocton Wine Co., Brocton; fruit juices. 

Central New Yorlv Horticultural So- 
ciety, Syracuse; apples and pears. 

Curtice Bros. & Co., Rochester; jellies, 
jams and marmalade. 

Doyle, Michael, & Co., Rochester; 
evaporated apples. '' 

Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester; pears. 

Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo; fruits in 
solution. 

Experiment Station, Geneva; currants 
and gooseberries, apples and pears. 

Farmer, L. J., Pulaski; strawberries. 

Genesee Fruit Co., Genesee; carbonated 
cider. 



Gordon & Dilworth, New York; fruits 
in solution, jellies, jams, fruit syrups, 
etc. 

Moore, Jacob, Attica; collection of cur- 
rants. 

New York State, Albany; apples, pears 
and stone fruits, small fruits, strawber- 
ries, plants in fruit. 

New York State, Albany; fruit marma- 
lades. 

Orange County Agricultural Society, 
Montgomery; apples, quinces and pears. 

Orleans County Agricultural Society, 
Albion; apples. 

Powell, George T., Ghent; apples. 

Snow, G. C. & W. C, Penn Yan; unfer- 
mented grape juice. 

Western New York Horticultural 
Society, Rochester; apples and pears. 



A"WAEDS IX THE HoKTICULTUEAL DePAETMENT. 



539 



GKOUP 1 

Abendroth Bros., New York; plaut 
receptacles, vases, etc. 

C'hilds. John Lewis, Floral Park ; col- 
lection of Iris. 

Cutting, Wm. B., Oakdale ; collection 
of crotous. 

Dean, James, Bay Ridge ; collection of 
bay trees, specimen palms. 

Donlan, Eileen, Brooklyn ; bedding 
plants in ornamental design. 

EUwanger & Barry, Rochester ; col- 
lection of hollyhocks, peonies and 
rhododendrons. 

Gould, Jay, Irvington ; collection of 
palms. 

Henderson, Peter, & Co,, Xew York; 
collection of cyclamens, caunas, bulbs, 
primroses, pansies and hollyhocks. 

*Hitchings & Co. , New York ; green- 
house appliances, etc. ; heating appara- 
tus for greenhouses. 

Janseu, Edward, New York ; collection 
of wicker vases. 

Joosten, C. H., New York; iusect 
powder and bellows for applying. 

Kelsey, Fred. W., New York; col- 
lection of rhododendrons. 

Krick, Wm. C, Brooklyn ; immortelle 
lettering. 

Long, Daniel B. . Buffalo : floral photos. 

*Lord & Burnham Co. , Irvington ; 
greenhouse appliances, etc. ; heating 
apparatus for greenhouses. 

Marc, G., & Co., Woodside ; collection 
of standard roses. 

New York Florists' Club, New York ; 
collection of roses and carnations; horti- 



• FLOKICULTUEE. 

cultural literature; "Old Fashioned 
Garden." 

New York State Museum, Albany ; 
collection of fungi. 

New York State, Albany ; collection of 
roses ; collection of palms ; collection of 
ornamental foliage plants ; collection of 
tuberous begonias. 

Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn ; bedding 
plants in ornamental designs. 

Oasis Nursery Co.. Westbury Station ; 
collection of tuiserous begonias (cut). 

Parsons' Sons Co. , Flushing ; collection 
of rhododendrons. 

Picrson, F. R., & Co., Tarrytown ; col- 
lection of cannas ; collection of roses 
(cut). 

Reed & Keller, New York ; florists' 
wire designs. 

Scholes, Frederick, Brooklyn ; col- 
lection of orchids. 

Scollay, J. A., Brooklyn; plant and 
flower sprinklers. 

Siebrecht & Walley, New Rochelle; 
aquatic plants. 

Small. H. H., & Sons, New York ; art 
floral design " The National Capitol." 

Stecher Lithographing Co., Rochester; 
floral lithographs. 

Thorburn, J. M., & Co., New York; 
collection of cyclamens. 

Tricker, Wm., Dongan Hills; aquatic 
plants. 

^Weathered, Thos., & Sons, New York; 
villa conservatory. 

Webb. Mrs. H. Walter, New York; 
mounted ferns. 



*NoTE. — These exhibits were transferred from group 26 to group 22 by order of 
John Boyd Thacher. chairman executive committee on awards, because of "their close 
relation "to floricult'ure. 



GEOTJP 23. CULINARV 



Bonnell, G. A., Waterloo ; potatoes. 

Experiment Station, Geneva ; sweet 
corn, peppers, peas, beans, tomatoes, 
squashes, cucumbers, melons, radishes, 
beets, carrots, salsify, collection of lettuce 
and onions. 

Gordon & Dilworth, New York; ohves in 
bottles, Freach capers and salad dressing. 



VEGETABLES. 

Howard. S. G., Rochester; collection 
of vegetables. 

McCreadj', Mrs. J. F., Buffalo; canned 
vegetables. 

New York State, Albany ; canned 
tomatoes, collection of vegetables. 



GEOUP 24:. GARDEN SEEDS. 

Henderson, Peter, ic Co., New York; collection of garden seeds. 



GEOUP 25.- 

EUwangx-r & Barry, Rochester: collec- 
tion of woody ijlauts. 



• AEBOEICULTUEE. 

Parsons & Sons, Flushing, LI.; collec- 
tion of trees. 



GEOUP 20. METHODS AND APPLIANCES. 



Caldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh; 
lawn mowers. 



Chadburn & Caldwell Mfg. Co., New- 
burgh; lawn mowers. 



540 New York at thjs Av^oeld's Columbiak Exposition. 

Henderson, Peter, & Co., New York; I Stott Garden Implement Co., New 
plats of growing lawn grass (sown in York; insecticides and appliances. 
1892). I 

The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department and is correct. 
Januarn 13, 1.894. HENRY HOLZAPPEL, Jii., 

Chief of Department of Horticulture. 




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AWARDS GRANTED KEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS H 
DEPART31ENT C, LIVE STOCK. 



GEOCP 27. HOESES, MULES. 



Ha-svley, E. F., Pittsford; Shetland 
ponies. — Stallion, -t years or over, fourth 
premium. §20. 

Hawley, ilrs. E. F., Pittsford; ponies in 
harness. — Mare or gelding, above 9 and 
under 11 hands.medal; four-in-hand, above 
9 and under 13 hands, medal; tandem, pair 
of mares, or mare and gelding, medal. 

iNew York Condensed ililfc Companj-, 
New York city; truck and delivery teams. 
— Best pair of horses, first medal. 



Otis, Ira L., Rochester; French coach 
horses. — !Mare, 5 years or over, third 
premium, §50; mare, 5 years or over, 
diploma; mare, 3 years, under 3, fourth 
premium. s2.5; mare, 1 year, under 2, 
fourth premium, §25. 

Sharra, J. B., Mexico; Cleveland bay 
horses. — Stallion, 3 years, under 3, third 
premium, §50. 



GEOUP 28. CATTLE. 



Cogswell, P. J., Rochester; Jersey 
cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, fourth pre- 
mium, 815. 

Cooley, A. H., Little Britain; Jersey 
cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, second pre- 
mium. .§35; bull, under 1 year, second 
premium, §30; co^v, 3 years, under 4, 
second premium, §35; heifer, 3 j'ears, un- 
der 3, second premium, 835; heifer, under 
1 year, third premium, §30; herd, graded 
by ages, second premium, 875; j'oung 
herd, consisting of one bull and four heif- 
ers, all under 3 years, bred by exhibitor, 
fourth premium. §25; four auinials of 
either sex, the get of one sire, second 
premium, 8*5; two animals of either sex, 
the produce of one cow, first premium, 
880; bull, any age, third premium. 

Davidson, G. Howard. Millbrook; 
Guernsey cattle. — Bull. 3 years or over, 
first premium, §50; bull. 1 year, uuder 2. 
first premium, -SoO; bull, under 1 year, 
first premium, .§-10; cow, -1 years or over, 
second premium, §35; cow, 3 years, un- 
der 4. third premium, §20; heifer, 3 years, 
under 3, second premium, §35; heifer, 1 
year, under 2, fir.st premium, 840; heifer, 
1 year, under 3. third premium. §30; 
heifer, under 1, first premium, .§40; heifer, 
under 1, third premium, 830; herd, graded 
by ages, "first premium. .§100: young herd, 
consisting of one bull and four heifers, all 
under 3, bred by exhibitor, first premium, 
8100; four animals of either sex, the get 
of one sire, first premium. 8100; two ani- 
mals of either sex, the produce of one cow, 
second premium, |40; bull, any age, 
medal and 850. 



Kent, A. M., Jamestown; Brown Swiss 
cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, first pre- 
mium, §35. 

Pittsford Stock Farm. Pittsford ; Jersey 
cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, third pre- 
mium. 820. 

Sweet, C. A., Buffalo, Jersey cattle. — 
Cow, any age, medal and .§50. 

Wilbur, D. F., Oneonta; Holstein-Frie- 
sians. — Bull, 3 years or over, first pre- 
! mium, §50; bull, 3 years or over, third 
premium, §20; bull, 2 years, under 3, first 
premium, §50; bull, 1 year, under 2, first 
premium, §50; bull, 1 year, under 3, sec- 
ond ijremium, 835; bull, under 1, first 
: premium, 8i0; bull, imder 1, second pre- 
mium, 830; cow, 4 years or over, third 
premium, §20; cow, 4 years or over, fourth 
premium, 815; cow, 3 _years, under 4. sec- 
ond premium, 835; cow, 3 years, under 4, 
third premium, 820; heifer, 2 years, un- 
der 3, second premium. 835: heifer, 3 
j years, under 3, third premium, 820; heifer, 
I 1 y£ar, under2, first premium, 8411: heifer, 
I 1 year, under 2, fourth premium, .815; 
heifer, under 1, first premium, §40; 
heifer, under 1, third premium, .S3U; herd, 
graded by ages, first premium, 8100; herd, 
graded by ages, third premium, 850; 
young herd, one bull and four heifers, un- 
der 3, first premium, 8100; four animals, 
either sex, get of one sire, first premium. 
8100; four animals, either sex, the get of 
one sire, third premium, §50; two ani- 
mals, either se.x. produce of one cow, sec- 
ond premium, .840; bull, any age. medal 
and .§50; bull, under 1 vear, niedal and 
825. 



GEOUP 29. SHEEP. 

Cossitt, Davis. Syracuse: Merino sheep. ' ewe, 2 years, under 3, first premium, 
— Ram, under 1, third premium, $15; $35. 



642 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Cuny, T. N., Hartwick; Cheviots. — 
Earn, 8 years or over, third premium, $15; 
ram, 3 years, under 3, third premium, 
$15; ram, 1 year, under 3, second pre- 
mium, S30; ewe, 3 years, under 3, first 
premium, $35; ewe, 3 j-ears, under 3, sec- 
ond premium, $20; ewe, 1 year, under 2, 
first premium, $35; ewe, 1 J'ear, under 2, 
fourth premium, §10; ewe, under 1, first 
premium, $30; ewe under 1, third pre- 
mium, $10; ram and three ewes, all over 
3 years, second premium, $25; pen of two 
rams and three ewes, under 3 3-ears, bred 
by exhibitor, second premium, $25. 

Curry, Wm.,& Son, Hartwick; Chevi- 
ots. — Ram, Syearsor over, first jDremium, 
§25; ram, 3 years or over, second pre- 
mium, $20; ram, 2 years, under 3, first 
premium, §35; ram, 2 years, under 3, sec- 
ond premium, $20; ram 1 year, under 2, 
first premium, §25; ram imder 1, third 
premium, $10; ram under 1, fourth pre- 
mium, §10; ewe, tliree j'ears or over, first 
premium, §25; ewe, 2 years, under 3, third 
premium §15; ewe, 1 year, under 2, sec- 
ond j)remium, §20; ewe, 1 year, under 3, 
third premium, §15; ewe, under 1, fourth 
premium, §10; ram and three ewes, all 
over 2 years, first premium §30; pen of 
five ewes, 2 years or over, bred by exhib- 
itor, first premium, §35, pen of two rams 
and tliree ewes, under 2 years, bred by 



exhibitor, first premium, §35; ram of any 
age, §50; ewe of any age, §50. 

Lee, R. M., South Bloomfield; Merino 
(A) sheep. — Ram, 2 years, under 3, fourth 
premium, $15. 

Lough, George, Hartwick; Cheviots. — 
Ram, 3 years or over, fourth premium, 
§10; ram, 2 j-ears, under 3, fourtli pre- 
mium, $10; ewe, 3 years or over, third 
premum, §15; peu of five ewes, 2 years or 
over, bred by exhibitor, second premium, 
§25; pen of two rams and three ewes, under 
3 years, bred by exhibitor, third pre- 
mium, $30. 

Martin, G. F., Rush; Merino sheep.— 
Pen of two rams and three ewes, third 
premium, $25. 

Martin, Geo. F., Rush; Merino (B) sheep. 

— Ram, 3 years, under 3, fourth premium, 
§15. 

Martin, Peter, Rush; Merino (A) sheep. — 
Ram 3 years or over, third premium, $20; 
ram and tliree ewes, all over 2 years, third 
premium, §35. 

Van Dresser Bros., Cobleskill; Cheviots. 

— Ram, 1 year, under 2, third premium, 
§15; ram, 1 year, under 3, fourtli premium, 
§10; ewe, 3 years or over, second pre- 
mium, §20; ewe, 2 years, under 3, fourth 
premium, $10; ram and tliroe ewes, all 
over 3 years, fourth premium, $15; pen 
of two rams and tliree ewes, under 2, bred 
by exhibitor, fourth premium, $15. 



GEOUP 31. — SWINE. 



Davis, E. W., Oneida; Cheshires. — 
Boar, 1 year, under 3, third premium, 
§15; boar, under 6 months, second jire- 
mium, §15; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, 
third premium, §10; sow, under 6 
months, third premium, §10; boar and 
three sows, under 1, fourth premium, §15; 
boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, 
fourth premium, $20; boar and three sows, 
under 1, third premium, §20; boar and 
three sows, bred by exhibitor, third pre- 
mium, §25; four swine, get of same boar, 
fourth premium, §10; four pigs, jjroduce 
of same sow, third premium, §20. 

Doolittle, L. F., Ouaquaga; Cheshires. 
— Boar, 1 year, under 2, first premium, 
§35; boar, 6 months, under 1 year, second 
premium, §15; sow, 3 j-ears or over, first 
premium, §25; sow, 3 years or over, fourth 
premium, $10; sow, 1 year, under 3, sec- 
ond premium, $30; sow, six months, 
. under 1 year, second jiremium. §15; boar 
and three sows, over 1 year, first premium, 
$30; boar and three sows, bred by exhib- 
itor, second premium, $30; boar and 
three sows, under 1 year, second pre- 
mium, §35; boar and three sows, bred by 
exhibitor, second premium, §30; four 
swine, get of same boar, second premium, 
$30; four pigs, produce of same sow. 



second premium, §30; sow, any age, first 
premium, §35. 

Freeman & Button, Cotton's; Cheshires. 
— Barrow, 14 and under 18 months old, 
second premium, $30; barrow, 10 and 
under 14 months old, second premium, 
$20; barrow, 6 and under 10 months old, 
second premium, §15; pen of three bar- 
rows, second premium, §20; boar, 2 j'ears 
or over, first premium, §25; boar, 1 j'ear, 
under 2, fourth premium, $10; boar, 6 
months, under 1 year, fourth premium, 
§10; boar under (i months, fourth pre- 
mium, §10; sow under 6 months, fourth 
premium, §10; boar and three sows over 
1 year, third premium, §30; boar and 
three sows, bred by exhibitor, third pre- 
mium, §35; boar and three sows under 1 
year, fourth premium, §20; boar and three 
sows, bred by exhibitor, fourth premium, 
$20; four pigs, produce of same sow, 
fourth premium, §10. 

Hurlburt, B. J., Clymer; Improved 
Yorkshire. — Boar, 1 year, under 3, first 
premium, $24; boar," under 6 months, 
third premium, §11. 

Hurlburt, B. J., Clymer; Cheshires. — 
Barrow, 14 and under IS months old, 
first premium, §25; barrow, 10 and under 
14 months old, first premium, §25; bar- 



Aavaeds in Live Stock Department. 



543 



row, 6 and under 10 months old, first 
premium, §30; pen of three barrows, first 
premium, S2o; boar, 1 year, under 3, 
second premium, §30; boar, 6 months, un- 
der 1 year, first premium, §30; boar, 
6 montlis, first premium, §30; boar, un- 
der 6 months, thii'd premium, §10; sow, 
1 year, under 3, first premium, §35; sow, 
1 y.ear, under 3, fourth premium, §10; 
sow, 6 months, under 1 year, first pre- 
mium, §30; sow, under 6 months, first 
premium, $30; sow, under 6 months, sec- 
ond premium, §1.5; boar and three sows, 
over 1 year, second premium, §35; boar 
and three sows, bred by exliibitor. first 
premium, $35; boar and three sows, un- 
der 1 year, first premium, §30; boar and 
three sows, bred by exhibitor, first pre- 
mium, §35; four swine, get of same boar, 
first premium, $40; four swine, get of 
same boar, third premium, $30; four pigs, 
produce of same sow, first premium, §40; 
boar, any age, first premium, §35; boar, 
any age, bred by exhibitor, first pre- 
mium, §50; sow, anj' age, bred by exhib- 
itor, first premium, $50; sow, 6 months, 
under 1 year, fourth premium, §10. 



Metcalf Bros., EastElma; Berkshires. — 
Boar, 1 year, under 3, first premium, §50; 
sow, 3 years or over, second premium, 
§40; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, fourth 
premium, §30. 

Seeley, James, Geneva; Essex. — Boar, 
6 months, under 1 j'ear, third premium, 
§35; four pigs, under 6 months, produce 
of same sow, fourth premium, $55. 

Spicer. W. E., Harvard; Berkshires. — 
Boar, 3 years or over, first premium, §50; 
boar, 1 j'ear, under 3, fourtli premium, 
§30; boar, 6 months, under 1 year, third 
premium, §30; sow, 3 years or over, third 
premium, §30; sow, 1 year, under 3, 
second premium, §40; boar and three 
sows, over 1 j'ear, tliird premium, $40; 
boar and three sows, under 1 3'ear, bred 
by exhibitor, second premium, §60; boar 
and three sows, under 1 year, fourth 
premium, §30; four swine, get of same 
boar, bred by exliibitor, fourth premium, 
§55; boar any age, first premium, $75; 
boar and three sows, under 1 year, bred 
by exhibitor, third premium, $50, 



GEOUP 34. HOMING PIGEONS. 



Barwell, Wm., New York; for bird 
making fourth speediest return to New 
York city and vicinity from exposition 
grounds, medal and diploma. 

Bennert, Wm., New York city; for bird 
making third speediest return to New 
York city and vicinity from the exposi- 
tion grounds, medal and §15. 

Book, Wm., Jr., New York; for bird 



making second speediest return from ex- 
position grounds to New York city and 
vicinity, second medal, §35. 

Clarke, Thos. J., Ozone Park, L. I.; for 
bird making speediest return from exposi- 
tion grounds to New York city and vicin- 
ity, first medal, §50; special premium for 
bird reaching New York city and vicinity 
within seventy-two hours, special medal. 



inSCELLANEOUS. 



American Glucose Co., Buffalo; Buffalo 
gluten food (cooked corn meal). 



I 0. Lindemann & Co., 
I cages (tin). 



New York; bird 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department, and is correct. 
March 31, 1894. J. S. BROWNING, 

Chief of Department of Agriculture in charge of Live Stock. 



AWARDS GRANTED mV( YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT D, FISH AND FISHERIES. 



GROUP 37. AQUATIC LIFE. 

Ams, Max, New York; mounted speci I Skinner, G. M., Clayton; trolling 
men of sturgeon (collective exhibit). spoon, photo and oil paintings of muskel- 

Harris, "\^'m. C, New York cit}'; litho- lunge, 
graphs of fishes. | 

GEOUP 38. SEA FISHING. 

Court, John W., Brooklyn; fish hooks. | York cit}'; literature on pearls; report on 
Kunz, G. F. (of TifEan}' & Co.), New | pearls of North America. 

GROUP 39. FRESH "WATER FISHING. 



Buel, The J. T., Co., Whitehall; ar- 
tificial bait and trolling spoons. 

Forest & Stream Publishing Co., New 
York city; "Forest and Stream," a weekly 
publication, books, photographs, etc. 

St. Lawrence River Skiff, Canoe & Steam 
Launch Co.,Clayton;boatsforaugler.s' use. 



Spalding, A. G., & Bros., New York 
city; fishing rods. 

Von Hofe,- Julius, Brooklyn; fishing 
reels. 

Yawman & Erbe, Rochester; automatic 
reel. 



GROUP ttO. FISHERY PRODUCTS. 



Ams, Max (collective exhibit). New 
York; canned fish. 

Kahrs, F. , New York city; fish glue 
and glue pot. 

Major, A., New York city; ]\Iajor's 
cement. 



Tiffany & Co., New York; Oriental 
and American pearl collection. 

Wolff & Reessing, New York city; 
canned sardines, etc. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department and is correct. 

H. W. CANNON, 
February 30, 1894. Chief of Department of Fish and Fisheries, 



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AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT E, MINES AND MINING. 



Exhibits marked (*) made iu coimection witli New Yorli State Museum. 



GEOUP 4:2. MINERALS. 

& Iron Co., Platts 



OEES, 



*Chateaugay Ore 
burg: magnetite. 

Crum, A. B., New York; liquid inclu- 
sions. cr3"stals, etc. 

English, Geo. L., & Co., New York; 
minerals systematically arranged, com- 
plete collection of gems. 

Kunz, Geo. F. (Tiffany & Co.), New 
York: platinum, meteorites, diamond as- 
sociation. 

New York Mineralogical Club, New 
York; minerals, N. Y, Island. 

New York State Museum, Albany; N. 
Y. minerals. 

New York State Museum, Alban}'; iron 
ores. 



ETC. 

State 



Museum, Albany; 



'} 

New Y'ork 
magnetites. 

■■'Port Henry Iron Ore Co., Port Henry; 
magnetite Bessemer ores. 

Shapleigh,Walden,Glvacester; ores, etc. 

Tiffany &Co., New York; fine miner- 
als, gems and precious stones. 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 
Rochester; rocks, specimens illustrating 
various structures, textures and forms 
explained by rock masses. 

Award's Natural Science Establishment, 
Rochester; meteorites, minerals, carbons, 
etc. 

■*Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Port 
Henry; magnetites. 



GEOUP is. MINERAL COMBUSTIBLES. 



New York State Museum, Albany ; 
crude petroleum. 

Standard Oil Company, New York ; 
Galena engine, coach and car oils, El 
Dorado engine oil, El Dorado castor and 
Ruddj' Harvester oil, electric cycle, Atlan- 
tic red oil, marine engine oil, ice machine 
oil, cycle lantern oil, composite candles, 
mineral soap. Continental ointment, elec- 
tric light mining candles, electric light 
domestic candles, ■ paraffine candles, 
Miners' Sunshine, roll neck grease. Sala- 
mander hot neck grease, mica axle grease, 
llama wool oil, illustrated exhibit of the 
petroleum industry. Matchless valve oil. 
Harmless oil, stove gasohne, redistilled 



street lighting gasoline, gas naphtha, de- 
odorized naphtha for varnish and painters' 
uses, 300 degree illuminating oil, 175 
degree headlight oil. common illuminat- 
ing oils, high grade illuminating oils, sig- 
nal oils, capital cylinder oil for lubricating 
cylinders in stationary engines, marine 
valve oils for lubricating cylinders in 
marine engines. Renown engine oil for lu- 
bricating all classes of machinery except 
cylinders, Zero cold test black oil for car 
axles, mineral sewing machine oil. thread 
cutting oil, coach oil for coach axles, 
crude petroleum, oil-bearing, rocks, fin- 
ished products from Ohio crude petroleum 
" Lima oil," high gra\'ity gasoline. 



GEOUP 4i. BUILDING AND ORNAMENTAL STONES. 



New York State Museum, Albany; 
road materials, geological obelisk show- 
ing formation of New York. 

"^Ornamental Slate Co., Middle Gran- 
ville; red roofing slates. 



■*Genesee Salt Co., Piffard; velvet grain 
and table salt. 

New Pediara Onyx Co., New Y''ork; 
Mexican onyx. 

New York State Museum, Albany; 
building stone, slates for roofing and orna 
mental purposes. 

GROUP 4.5. GRINDING AND POLISHING SUBSTANCES. 

Behr, Herman. &Co., New York; flint, 1 *Lynch, Daniel, Minerva; garnet (mas- 
emery papers, pumice and rotten stone. | sive). 

GROUP 4(i. GRAPHITE, CLAYS, ETC. 

Dixon Crucible Co., Ticonderoga ; ] Johns. H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; 
graphite, crude, in lumps. technical display of asbestos. 

Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; ; New York State Museum, Albany; 
asbestos. i clays. 

69 



546 



New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



"Staten Island Kaolin Co., Staten Island; 1 Van Dusen, F. M. 
kaolin. j tempering sands, etc. 

GEOUP 47. LIMESTONE, CEMENTS, ETC. 

Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; 
asphalt pavements for streets. 

Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; 
refined asphalt and asphalt cement. 

^Buffalo Cement Co., Bufialo; hydraulic 
cement. 

*Horan Brothers, Medina; flagstone. 

*Lawrence Cement Co., Rosendale; 
cement. 



et al., Glasco; 



New York State Museum, Albanj'; road 
metals. 

New York State Museum, Albany; lime 
and cement. 

*Persbacher Bros. &Co., Calicoon; flag- 
stones. 

Warren Chemical Mfg. Co., New York; 
natural asphalt roofing material, roofing 
and roofs. 



GEOUP 48. SALTS AND MINEEAL PAINTS. 



Battelle & Renwick, New York; double 
refined saltpetre. 

Battelle &, Renwick, New York; sulphur 
and brimstone. 

■•'CUnton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton; 
hematite and mineral paint. 

Nash, Whiton & Co., New York; dairj' 
and table salt. 

New York State Museum, Albany; 
paint. 

New York State Museum. Albany; col- 
lective exhibit of mineral waters. 



New York State Museum, Albany; col- 
lective exhibit of salt. 

Roessler & Hasslacher, New York; col- 
lective exhibit of chemical products. 

Roessler & Hasslacher, New York;, 
Roessler & Edelman's desilveriug process. 

White, T. & S. C. New York; pre- 
pared rock, roll and ground sulphur. 

Wyatt, Dr. Francis, New York; general 
collection of pliosphates. 

Wy. Central Association, Troy; sul- 
phate and carbonate of soda. 



GEOUP 49. METALLURGY. 

Chrome Steel Works. Brooklyn; collection of products of chrome steel ; welded 
5-ply chi'ome steel plates. 

Groups 50-54 inclusive treat of the metallurgy of baser metals in which New 
York had no exhibits. 
Groups 55-57 treat of gold and silver metallurgy. 

GEOUP 55. 

The Mechanical Gold Extractor Com- ] Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Com- 
panj'. New York; the Crawford mill for pan}'. New York; cyanide of potassium 
pulverizing, etc., gold ores. | for mining purposes. 

GEOUP 56. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; collection illustrating the savings of gold and silver 
in jewelry shops. 

GEOUP 57. 

Rand DriU Company, New York ; furnace tapping drill. 

GEOUP 58. STONE QUAERYING. 

IngersoU-Sergeant Drill Company, The, I Rand Drill Company, New York ; two 
New York ; Ingersoll track channeler, shaft bars witli clamps, three column.^ 
IngersoU-Sergeant bar channeler, Inger- with arm and clamps, 
soil standard gadder for quarry work. | 



Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Companj-, The, 
New York ; adjustable tunnel column, 
clamp and crescent battery, automatic 
feed drill, drills and coal mining machines 

Rand Drill Company. New York ; rock 
drills and Derbj' bit liltle giant rock drills. 



GKOUP 61.— ^DEILLING MACHINEET. 

Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- 
pressing rock drills and other ma- 
chinery. 

Suydam, John, Albany ; metal flexible 
joint. 



Awards in Mines and Mining Department. 



547 



GROUP 62. MINING 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls ; deep 
mine pump. 

Ingersull-Sergeaut Drill Companj-, The, 
New York ; air head for rock drill, pis- 
ton cold air compressor. 

Rand Drill Co., New York; high 
pressure air compressor. 



MACHINERY. 



Rand Drill Company, New York ; 
straight and duplex liue air compressor. 

Worthiugton, Henry R., Xew York ; 
Lehigh mine pump, iwo central packed 
plunger pumps. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
one sinking pump, duplex plunger pump. 



GROUP 63. MOVING ORES AND COAL. 

Andrews, W. C, New York: method of I Lancaster, J. H., New York; hoisting 
transportation by pumping coal through ' machine, 
pipes. I 

GROUP 66. ASSAYING. 

New York; Douglas 



Douglas, James, 
revolving calciner. 

Kunz, Geo. F., New York; collective 
display, shovring metallurgy of coinage. 



Lipe, C. E., Syracuse; samples showing 
welding by tire. 

Tiffany cfc Co., New Y'ork; collective 
exhibit of gold and silver alloys. 



GROUP 67. MINING LITERATURE. 



Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; 
models of pavement. 

Colo. Scientific Society, New York; 
volumes from 1883 to 1890. 

Davis, Charles T., New York; "The 
Brick 3Iaker." 

Douglas, James, New York; models of 
revolving cj-linders calcimining furnace 
with a central flue. 

Goldthwaite, AYm. N., New York; 
Goldthwaite's Mineral Magazine. 

Howard. Lockwood & Co., New York; 
"American Mail and Export Journal." 

Kunz, Geo. F., New Y'ork; statistics 
and history of mining for gems and pre- ' 
cious stones; portraits of mineralogists, 
geologists, gems, minerals, etc.; books and 
■pamphlets on gems, precious stones and 
mining mineralogy. • 



Kunz, Geo. F., New York; book, gems 
and precious stones. North America. 

New York State Museum, Albany; Nat- 
ural History of New York. 

New York State Museum, Albany; Bul- 
letins of New York State Museum con- 
taining reports on iron, stone and salt. 

Sanard, I. E., New York; "Coal Trade 
Journal." 

Scientific Publishing Co., New Y^ork; 
the engineering and mining journals. 

Standard Oil Com])any, New York; 
photographic transparencies, showing 
mining, transportation and refinement of 
petroleum. 

Ward's Natural Science Establisliment, 
Rochester; collection of relief models, 

Williams, David, New York; "The Iron 
Age," 



GROUP 68. HISTORICAL IMPLEMENTS. 



Kunz, Geo, F, (Tiffany & Co,), New 
York; historical implements; instruments, 
relics and medals. 



Scientific Publishing Co,, New York; 
book on (Vol. 1) Mineral Industry, its sta- 
tistics, etc. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New Y^orkhas been carefully com- 
pared withthe records of this department and is correct. 

F. R. GAMMON, 
March 24, 1894. G7iief of tJie Departinent of Mines CMd Mining. 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT F, MACHINERY. 



GROUP 69. MOTOES AND API'AEATDS FOE THE GENEEATION AND TEANS- 

MISSION OF POWEE HYDEAULIO AND PNEUMATIC APPAEATUS. 



Abendroth & Root Manufacturing Co. , 
New York; spiral riveted pipes. 

Abendrotli & Root Manufacturing Co., 
New York; sectional water tube boiler. 

American Leather Link Belt Co., New 
York; leather link belting. 

Babcock & Wilcox Co., New York; 
model water tube boilers and details. 

Ball & Wood Co., New York; high 
speed engines. 

BuflEalo Steam Pump Co., Buffalo; 
steam pumps. 

Cameron Steam Pump Works, New 
York; pumi^s. 

Carlson, Conrad, Brooklj'n; platform 
and hod elevator. 

Clonbrook Steam Boiler Works, Brook- 
lyn; boilers. 

Consolidated Safety Valve Co., New 
York; valves. 

Conover Manufacturing Co., New York; 
independent steam engine condenser. 

Davidson, M. T., Brooklyn; compound 
boiler feed pumps. 

De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine 
Co., New York; refrigerating machinery. 

Eddy Valve Co. .Waterford; sti'aigbtway 
valves for water and steam fire hydrants. 

Electric Pipe Bending Co., Harrison; 
round, flat, oval and special forms of pipe 
coil. 

Fasoldt, E. C, Albany; air compressors 
for phj'sicians' use. 

Floyd, James R., & Sons, New York; 
O.gdeti quick-moving valve for gas mains, 
self sealing mount piece, valve indicator. 

The Fuel Economizer Co., Matteawan; 
ffue heater to heat water for boilers. 

Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Palls; triplex 
power pumps for boiler feed. 

Hunt, C. W., & Co., New York; steam 
engines, governors for steam hoisting 
engines. 

Ingersoll- Sergeant Drill Co., New 
- York; air compressor. 

Knowles Steam Pump Works, New 
York; double acting triplex pump, i^' 

Lake Erie Engineering Works, Buffalo; 
1,000 horse power vertical compound 
engine. 

Lidgerwood Manufacturing Co., New 
York; hoisting engines for mine or con- 
tract service, bridge erection and in the 
operation of wire rope tramways. 



Mathews, John, Apparatus Co., New 
York; carbonating machinery. 

National Meter Co., Buffalo; gas en- 
gines, gas pumping engine. 

New York Belting and Packing Co., 
New York; rubber belting, display of 
rubber packing, gaskets, balls, rolls, hose 
and t\ibiug. 

New York Safety Steam Power Co., 
New York; automatic cut-off engine. 

Payne, B. W., & Sons, Elmira; im- 
proved Corliss engine. 

Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- 
pressor. 

Rider Engine Co., New York; hot air 
pumps for supplying water to residences, 
hotels, etc. 

Thompson and Bushnell Co. , New York; 
flue cleaner. 

Turner Machine Co., New York; air 
compressors. 

Watertown Steam Engine Co., Water- 
town; tandem compound condensing 
engine. 

Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., 
New York; upright tandem compound 
engines, single action high speed com- 
pound engine, collective exhibit of steam 
engines, steam loops. 

Wheeler Condenser and Engineering 
Co., New York; surface condensers. 

Wing, L. J., & Co., New York; 
" Wing's" disc fan. 

Wittemann Bros., New York; auto- 
matic continuous "spray system" carbo- 
nating apparatus. 

Worthiugtou, Henry R., New York; 
marine feed water heater, large check 
and foot valves for water, air compressor 
and beer racking pump, horizontal triple 
expansion engine, four-cylinder vertical 
triple expansion engine, vertical com- 
pound engine, underwriter's fire pumps, 
low duty pumps, admiralty feed pumps, 
wrecking pump, independent jet con- 
denser and pumps, pressure pvimps for 
mining and elevator service, ammonia 
pump, duplex water motor, steam accu- 
mulator combined with duplex pump, 
general exhibit of pumping machinery, 
high duty condensing engine. 

Yawman & Erbe, iRochester; exhibit of 
bottle washing and rinsing machines, 
trucks and tanks. 




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Awards in jMachineky Department. 



5i9 



GEOFP TO. — FIEE EX&IXES APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EXTIN- 



American Fire Engine Co., Seneca Falls; 
Columbian steam tire engine, Clapp & 
Jones tire engine, Sillby steam tire 
engine, Xo. 15 steel house heater, rotary 
fire pump and piston fire pump, hose^ 

GROUP 71. MACHINE TOOLS AND 

Bliss, E. W., Co., Brooklyn; power 
presses, seaming machines and gang- 
slitters. 

Capitol Machine Tool Co., Auburn; 
quick-acting vises. 

Gleason Tool Co., Rochester; Gleason 
engine lathes. 

Keystone Mfg. Co., BufEalo ; patent 
nonpariel "wrenches. 

Manning, Maxwell ifc Moore. NewYork; 
machine tools and machines for working 
metals. 



GUISHING FIRES. 

pipes, firemen's tools, etc.. 



20 size steam fire engine. 

Waterbury Rubber Co. 
spring armored hose. 



Ahrens No. 
Kew York; 



MACHINES FOR AVORKING METALS. 

Morrill Bros., Brooklyn; drop ham- 
mer. 

Niagara Stamping and Tool Co., Buf- 
falo; machine tools. 

Saunders. D., & Sons, Yonkers; ma- 
chines for cutting and threading pipes. 

Stiles & Parker Press Co., Brooklyn; 
punching presses and drop hammers, 

Westcott Chuck Co., Oneida; scroll and 
drill chucks. 

Williams, J. H., & Co., Brooklyn; forg- 
ings, wrenches. 



GROUP t'^. MACHINERY FOR THE MAJTUFACTURp: OF TEXTILE FABRICS 

AND CLOTHING. 



Baker & Shevlin, Saratoga Springs; 
screens used in paper making. 

Barton Mfg. Co., New York; rubber 
stamp Tulcanizer. 

Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and 
cording machines and upper sliaper. 

Lightning Beader Co., Springville; 
upper beading machines. 

GROUP 73. MACHINES 

American Wood Decorating Machine 
Co., New York; wood embossing machine. 

Holmes, E. & B., Buffalo; No. 6 heavy 
timber planer and sizer. No. 6 improved 
Atlanta fast feed lilaner and matching 
machine, No. 9 endless bed double sur- 
facPF without feeding rolls, improved 
variable feeding device, segment resaw 



Manning, John J., New York; wind- 
ing rolls for paper. 

Singer ^Ifg. Co., New York; sewing 
machines for manufacturing purposes. 

Tracy, Harriet Ruth, New York; Tracy 
lock and chain stitch rotary shuttle sew- 
ing machine. 



FOR WOOD WORKING. 

for resawiug lumber and sawing sidings, 
straightening attachment, spur feed rip- 
saw, simple knife scales, barrel, keg, 
hogshead and stave machinery. 

jprj'bil, P., New York; bevel hand-saw 
machine, swing-saw machine, piano plate 
drill press, piano butt machine, twist and 
fluting machine. 



GROUP i-. 



■ MACHINES AND APPARATUS FOE TYPESETTING, PRINTING, 



STAMPING, EMBOSSING, JIAKHfG 

American Bo.v Machine Co.. Amster- 
dam; slitting and winding machine, cov- 
ering and trimming machine, top and 
bottom labeling machine, machine for 
making -jewelers' boxes. 

American Type Founders' Co., New 
York; specicmens of job composition and 
type specimen boolvs, Barth automatic 
type-casting and type-finishing machine, 
type, space and qundret-casting machine, 
Benton pimch-cutting machine, BcDton's 
self-spacing type, machinery and appli- 
ances for the manufacture of movable 
type. 

" IJurrell. D. H., & Co., Poughkeepsie; 
automatic paper feeding machine. 



BOOKS AND PAPER WORKING. 

Dexter Folding Co., Fulton: rapid side- 
feed bonk and newspaper folder. 

Gaily, M., New York; exhibit of uni- 
versal job printing, embossing, jiaperbox 
cutting and scoring presses. 

Hoe, R., & Co., New York, quadruple 
web perfecting and insetting presses, stop- 
cylinder and lithographic power printing 
presses. 

Inman Mfg. Co., Amsterdam; auto- 
matic telescope paper box machine, cloth 
corner staying machine, inside scoring 
and slitting machine, strawboard cutting 
and scoring machine, corner cutting ma- 
chine for manufacturing round-cornered 
paper boxes. 



550 



ITew York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn ; 
ruling machine, paging machine. 

Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New York; 
typesetting and casting machine for the 
production of metal bars with type faces 
in relief. 

Potter Printing Press Co., New York; 
rotary web printing and folding presses 



for four and eight-page newspaper work, 
stop-cylinder lithographic presses. 

Sheridan, T. W. & C. B., New York; 
Arch embossing machine, embossing and 
ink distributing machine, Sheridan paper 
cutter, Sheridan perfect gem hand lever, 
circular shear, automatic paper cutter, 
roller backer. 



GROUP 7o. — lithography — zincography and color printing. 
Ottmann, J., Lithographing Co., New York; lithographing process. 

- MISCELLANEOUS HAND TOOLS, MACHINES AND APPARATUS USED 
IN YARioUS ARTS. 



Ashcroft Manufacturing Co., New 
York; pressure and vacuum gauges. 
Bean's standard die stock and Brown's 
adjustable pipe tongs. Tabor indicator, 
continuous recorder. 

Clough & Maconnell, New York; wire 
corkscrew machine. 

Doig, Wm. S., Brooklyn; box nailing 
machines. 

Nathan Manufacturing Co., New York; 
injectors, lubricators, oil cups and 
attachments. 

Schaffer & Budeuberg, New York; 
pressure gauges, ammonia gauges for ice 
and refrigerating machinerj', tachometers 
for high speed engines and steam engine 



indicators, injectors and exhaust 
injectors. 

Sherwood Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; 
injectors, oil cups, oil pumps, lubricators, 
flue scrapers, gauge cocks, grease cup 
and flue blowers. 

Thompson and Bushnell Co., New York; 
steam engine indicator. 

Troy Laundrj- j\Iachinery Co. (Limited), 
New York; mangles, washing machines, 
dampening, folding, drying, tumbling, 
starching and ironing machines; exliibition 
of model illustrating the construction of 
drying closets, etc.; duplex mangle 
machine; double-geared brass washing 
machine. 



GROUP T8.- 

Caruss, J. H., & Co., New York; autO' 
matic lens-grinding machine. 

Gouverneur Machine Co., Gouverneur 
mill for sawing stone. 



MACHINES FOR WORKING STONE, CLAY AND OTHER MATERIALS. 

Mitchell, Cornelius S., New York; 
cherry heat welding compound. 

Tabor Manufacturing C^o., New York; 
duplex automatic molding machine. 

GROUP 79. MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD, ETC. 

Squier, Geo. L., Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; coffee mills, coffee hullers, coffee 
separators, puljiers and washers. 



The foregoing list of exhibitors receiving awards in the machinerj' department 
from the State of New York, has been careful!}' compai'ed with the records of this 
department and found to be correct. 

January 30, 1894. M. L. McDONALD, Jr. 



AWARDS GRAXTEI) XEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS U 
DEPARTMENT G, TRANSPORTATION. 



GKOrP 80. EAILWATS. 



Brooks, E. J., & Co., Xew Tork; car 
seal. 

Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk; 
collection of locomotives, "suburban" 
passenger locomotive. 

C'onsoUdated Car Heating Co., Albany-; 
Improved Commingler car system, direct 
steam heating, multiple circuit drum sys- 
tem and Sewall coupler. 

Frost Veneer Seating Co., iSTew York; 
veneer goods. 

General Electric Co., 2sew York; elec- 
tric locomotives. 

Hunt, C. TV., Co., New York; indus- 
trial railro;id system and conveyor. 

Keller Printing Co., Xew York; tickets, 
ticket seller, ticket starting machine and 
canceling apparatus. 

Merchants Despatch Trans. Co., Ifew 
York; refrigerator car. 

Xathan Mfg. Co., Xew York; injectors, 
lubricators and appliances. 



Xew York Air Brake Co., New York; 
air brake. 

New York Contral & Hudson River 
Railroad, New York; buffet car and day 
coach, model of old engine and trains; 
locomotive No. 999. 

Ramapo Wheel and Fotmdry Co., 
Rimapo; boltless steel-tired wheels. 

Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., 
New York; Pintsch gas sj'Stem, steam 
and hot water heating, Gibbs coupler. 

Self Winding Clock Co., New York; 
train despatcher or program clock. 

Schenectad}- Locomotive Works, Sche- 
nectady; switch engine, two locomotives. 

Thacher Car Construction Co., New 
York; compressed air dumping car. 

Wagner Palace Car Co., New York; 
vestibule train, model of car framing. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
tank pump and boilers. 



GEOUP SI. STREET CAES. 



Jones', J. il., Sons, West Troy; body 
open electric car and body closed electric 
car. 

Peckham Motor Truck and Wheel Co., 
Kingston; electric motor trucks. 



Stedman, James H., Rochester; detec- 
tive transfer. 

Stephenson. John, Co. (Limited), New 
York; "Broadway" cable car, electric 
motor car. 



GEOrP 82. SPECIAL EAILWATS. 

Rankin, T. L., Sacketts Harbor; ice railway. 

GEOTIP 83. EOAB TEHICLES. 



Aubeuf, F. J., Oneida; hand cart and 
runners. 

Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; 
traction indicator. 

Brewster & Co., New York; four-horse 
break, road coach, park drag, double 
suspension caleche. landau, pair-horse 
brougham, four-wheel gamecart, cabrio- 
let, tandem cart, spider phaeton, top 
wagon, 'fancy sleigh, double suspension 
brougham. 

Buffalo Spring Gear Co., Buffalo; ve- 
hicles in the white. 

Cately & Etlling, Cortland; Burry prop 
spring. 

Champion Wagon Co., Owego; Cham 
pion wagon. 

Cook,"Wm., New York; folding baby 
carriage. 

Cunningham, Jas.. Son & Co., Roches- 
ter; royal seven-spring rumble Victoria, 



royal brougham, glass landau, black 
hearse, white hearse, Berlin coach. 

Curley, J., Brooklyn; family break, 
shell brougham, double-pillar brougham, 
top wagon, Victoria. 

Dark, Thos., & Sons, Buffalo; garbage 
wagon. 

Eccles, Richard, Auburn: carriage 
specialties. 

Fenton iletal >Ifg. Co., Jamestown; 
bicycle handle bar. 

Flandreau & Co., New York; runabout. 

Preeland & Bradley, WeUsville; patent 
caniage poles. 

Geneva CaiTiage Works, Geneva; deliv- 
erv wason. 

"Glens Falls Buckboard Co., Glens Falls; 
buckboard wagon No. 1, buckboard 
wagon No. 5. 

Mogul Mfg. Co., New York; draught 
springs for relief of animals. 



652 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



New York Fifth Whtel Co., Brooklyu; 
anti-friction liftli wlieel. 

Peerless Mfg. Co., New York; bicycle 
sundries. 

Remington Arms Co., Ilion; bicycles. 

Rochester Wheel Co., Rochester; com- 
pressed band wheels. 



Trades' News Publishing Co., New 
York; "The Hub." 

Union Hardwai"e Co., Union; coach and 
carriage forgings. 

Whitney, Russell M., Olean; black 
birch wagon hubs. 



GKOUP 



S4.- 



■ OTHEli FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION. 



Otis Bros. & Co., New York; high 
pressure h3'dra>ilic elevator engine, stand- 
ard hydraiilic elevatoi-, electric elevator 
(passenger), compound hoisting engine, 
electric passenger elevator, general exhibit 
of elevators. 



Tracy, Harriet R., New York; model of 
passenger elevators. 

Worthington, Henry R., New York; 
compound pumps for elevators. 



GROUP S5. WATER TRANSPORTATION. 



Century Co., New York; drawings of 
modes of tr:insportation. 

Chase Elevator and Manton Windlass 
Co., New York; steam steerer and j'acht 
windlass. 

Continental Iron Works, Brooklyn 
steel furnaces for marine boilers. 

Costou Night Signal Co., New York 
night signals for land and sea. 

Do Grauw, Ay mar & Co., New York 
oars. 

Gas Engine and Power Co., New York 
naphtha liuuches. 

General Electric Co., New York; elec- 
tric system for ships. 

Harper Bros., New York; drawings 
of transijortation subjects. 

Hunt, G. W., Co., New York; rope, 
tubs and shovel. 

Kahuweiler, David, New York; patent 
Woolsey buoy, life preservers, rafts and 
boats. 

McBean, Edge & Co., Buffalo; set of 
fluted lens .signal lamps, Fresuel lens .sig- 
nal lamps. 



Merrill, R., & Son, New York; log 
compass and binnacle. 

New York and New Jersey Sandy Hook 
Pilots, New York; models and pictures 
of pilot boats. 

New York State Exhibit, Albanj'; re- 
lief map and model of lock. 

Nicarauga Canal Construction Co., New 
York; relief model of Nicarauga canal. 

Pain, Jas., & Son, New York; pyro- 
technics for ships' use. 

Providence and Stonington S. S. Co., 
New York; models, pictures and books. 

Rushton, J. H., Canton; collection of 
boats, canoes and oars. 

Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., 
New York; gas lighted buoys. 

Smith & Stanton, New Yorli; pen draw- 
ings of steam vessels. 

Spanish Transportation Co., New York; 
general exhibit, model of S. S. " Pillafo." 

Turner, J. Spencer, New York; Ontario 
cotton sail duck, 

Webb, J. Beavor, New York; model of 
yacht. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department, and is correct. 
JIareh 36, 1894. F. R. GAMMON, 

Chief of Department of Transportation. 




> 

■J 



D 





AWAHDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT H, MANUFACTURES. 



GKorp 8"; 



- CHEMICAL AND PHAEJIACEUTICAL PEODUCTS. 



X)heesebrough j\Iauufacturing Co., New 
York; vaseline, products of petroleum, 
toilet soaps, grease paints, boot and shoe 
pastes. 

Dodge ifc Olcott, Kew York: essential 
oils, drugs, chemicals for perfumery. 

Durkee, E. R., & Co., New York; 
flavoring e.xtracts and essences. 

Fritzsche Bros., New York; essential 
oils. 

Fritzsche Bros., New York; chemicals. 

Gardners' Co., New York; syrup h)'- 
driodic acid. 

Gribble &, Nash, New York; retiued 
camphor. 

Hotchkiss, N. G., &: Sous, Lyons; 
essential oils. 



Ladd & Coffin, New York; handkerchief 
perfumes, cologne, toilet waters. 

Ladd & Coffin, New York; perfumery, 
artistic displa}^ 

Lazell, Dallej' & Co., New York; 
domestic perfumery, toilet water, sachet 
powder. 

Low's, Robert, Son (Limited), Brooklyn; 
toilet soaps. 

Jlarx &Rawolle, New York; glycerine 

Ricksecker, Theo., New York; pei- 
fumery, toilet soaps. 

Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Com- 
pany, New York; chemicals, ceramic 
colors, fire gold. 



GKOUP SS. PAINTS, DYES, ETC. 



Caws Ink & Pen Co., New York; writ- 
ing ink. 

Egyptian Lacquer Manufactming Co., 
Tiie, New York; lacquers, lacquers for 
metal. 

Hebbenwhite Manufacturing Co., Buf- 
falo; stove polish. 



International Ultramarine Works (Lim- 
ited), New York; ultramarine blue. 

Johns, H. W., Manufacturing Co., New 
York; paints, colors, wood stains. 

Miller, The Frank, Co., New York; har- 
ness dressing, oils, blacking, fly net dress- 
ing, axle oil and carriage dressing. 



GEOUP S9. TYPEWRITERS, PAPEE, STATIONERY. 



American Paper Pail and Box Co., New 
York; folding paper boxes. 

Ai'abol Mfg. Co., New York; pastes. 

Bartholemae, H., & Co., New York; 
wall paper. 

Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; 
wall paper. 

Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; 
pressed wall paper hangings with silk 
face, Lincrusta Walton. 

Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; 
typewriting machines. 

Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; 
small typewriting machines. 

Book "Typewriter Co., Rochester; Book 
typewriter. 

Craffdall ^lachine Co., Groton; type- 
writer copy holder. 

Columbia Typewriter !Mfg. Co., New 
York; the bar lock typewriter. 

Cyclostyle Co., New York; the Neo- 
style duplicating apparatus, the Cyclo- 
style, the- Neostyle stand, cabinet and 
process of duplicjiting typewriting. 

Franklin Mfg. Co., Rochester; lumber, 
oil and lithographic crayons. 

Graves, Robert, & "Co., New York; 
wall paper. 

10 



Hake, Ph., Mfg. Co., New York; ball 
programmes, party and wedding invita- 
tions. 

Little, A. P., Rochester; American 
impression books, tjpewriter carbons. 

National Wall Paper Co., New York; 
artistic pavilion of National Wall Paper 
Co. 

National Wall Paper Co., New York; 
w.all paper, Lincrusta Walton, artistic 
display. 

Nevius & Haviland, New York; wall 
paper. 

Office Specialty Mfg. Co., Rochester; 
letter files, docmnent files, cabinets, 
rapid roller copier, metallic vault fui'- 
uiture. 

Parks, Anna M., Albany; perforating 
machine. 

Rogers Manifold ami Carbon Paper 
Co., New York; manifold paper, carbon 
paper, typewriter ribbons. 

Rogers Manifold and Carbon Paper Co., 
New York; stylus. 

Rockwell &. Rupel Co., Rochester; 
typewriter ribbons, light office supplies. 

ShattuckPen Co., New York; fountain 
pens. 



554 



ISTew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Smith, S. F., & Co., New York; type- 
writer supplies. 

Standard Paiut Co., New York; insulat- 
ing waterproof paper. 

Thompsou-Norris Co., Brooldyu; cor- 
rugated paper. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; fine sta- 
tionery, writing paper, cards. 



New 



York; 

New York; 



Warren, Fuller, & Co., 
wall paper. 

Waterman, L, E., & Co, 
Ideal fountain pens. 

Wells Mfg. Co., Syracuse; cabinet let- 
ter files. 

Williams Typewriter Co., Brooklyn; 
tyj)e writers, check punches. 



GROUP 90. — fuenituee. 



Associated Artists, New York; color 
study, fighting dragons, woven. 

Associated Artists, New York; gold 
embroidered jiortiere, Japanese wall 
■ hanging embroidered, gold embroidery on 
cloth. 

Associated Artists, New York; needle- 
work tapestry (Algerian boy), textiles, 
shadow silk. 

Bach, Jlrs. Isaac, New York; cover 
inlaid with cloth. 

Buffalo Brass and Iron Bedstead Co., 
Buffalo; iron bedstead. 

Herts Brothers, New York; furniture, 
decorations, draperies. 

Jausen, Edward, New York; apart- 
ments with walls and ceilings decorated, 
apartments furnished complete, reed and 
rattan furniture. 

Klaber, S., & Co., New York; mantels, 
tables, cabinets, pedestals. 

Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York: lib- 
rary ceiling. 

Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York; tap- 
estry needlework (Birth of Psyche), color 
study in darned embroider}', needlework 
tapestry (Twilight). 

Lyman, Anna, New York; picture, 
panel in needlework, tapestry azalia 
curtain. 

Marks Adjustable Folding Chair Co., 
New York; five adjustable folding- 
chairs. 

Neal, Sarah C, New York; portable 
crib. 

Nevius & Haviland, New York; shade 
roller. 

Sargent Mfg. Co., New York; revolv- 
ing book case, book racks. 



Schlesinger, Wiessner & Co., New 
York; wash stands, settees, chairs, child's 
chair, tables, invalid chairs. 

Scbwarzwaelder, Wm., New York; 
seven roll-top desks. 

Singer Mfg. Co., New York; sewing 
machine cabinets, sewing and embroidery, 
artistic furnishings, upholstering. 

Smith, B. & AV. B., New York; wall 
and counter cases, counters, specialties in 
bent glass cases, office and store furniture. 

Sypher & Co., New York; sixteenth 
centmy tapestries, cabinet with porcelain 
placques, rare specimens of sixteenth and 
seventeenth centur}' carved oak furniture, 
antique porcelain. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co, , New 
York; part of a suite of furniture, inlaid 
table of wood and pearl, church banner, 
vestments, mitre and cape, a new waj' of 
making doors of metal and glass, a new 
mantel hood, a dark room and a light 
room furnished and decorated, a table of 
oak, a table of wood and pearl, dooi's of 
metal and glass, colored glass windows 
for domestic use, two ceilings, one dark 
and one light. 

Tiffan}- Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; furnishings and glass works, do- 
mestic and ecclesiastical decorations, 
memorials, chairs of new design never 
before used in furniture. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York; portieres of leather decorated with 
metal printed curtains. 

Wheeler, Mrs. Caudace, New York; 
decorations and furnishings for library. 

Wheeler, Mrs. Caudace, New York; 
brocades. 



GEOUP 91. CEEAMICS AND MOSAICS. 



Burlock, Mrs. F. A., New York; 
plates, bonbonnieres, rose jar. 

Celadon Terra Cotta Co., Alfred Cen- 
ter ; roofing and siding tiles, terra cotta. 

Cook, Miss S. E., Waterloo; ro.se jar, 
trays. 

■ Dexter, Mrs. E. A. , New York ; after 
dinner coffee pot. ^- 

D wight, Minnie T., New York; 
decorated china. 



Garbarino, Clotildc, New York; fish 
plates. 

Onondaga Potterj' Co., Syracuse; 
translucent china. 

Richard, Mrs. C. F. , Buffalo ; painted 
china. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., 
New York ; tesseriE hood for mantel, 
picture panel of Pan, fireplace, mantel, 
etc. 



GEOUP 92. MAEBLE MANTELS, ETC. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a mantel in marble (mosaic metal), 
baptistry pulpit, marble and mosaic altar in marble and gold, candlestick of Connemara. 



Awards ix ^fAXUFACTURES Depaetment. 



555 



GROUP 93. ART METAL WORK. 

Emerson, Miss S. H., New York ; 
Normandy copper jug, brass jar with 
co\X'r. 

Power, ilaurice .J., New York: bronze 
statues, bronze reliefs, bronze busts. 

Tiffany & Co., New York ; niello work, 
Champ leve enamels. 



Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., 
New York ; tabernacle door in gold 
filagree, two table lamps in gold and cop- 
per filagree, hanging lamps, two altar 
crosses in gold, candlesticks. 

Van Kuyck, Jliss Pauline, New York ; 
photo frame, repousse work. 



GEOrP 91.— GLASS AND GLASSWAEE. 



Hoare, .J., & Co., Corning; glassware, 
rock crystal cutting, cut glass, engraved 
glass, 

Strauss. L,,ifcSons, New York: artistic 
display of cut glassware, collective dis- 
play of cut glassware, candelabra twelve 



feet high of cut glass, Columbus punch 
set (cut glass), large drug bottles (cut 
glass), epergues. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York ; reredos panel, mosaic in glass, 
altar, reredos, pedella. 



GROrP 9.5. DECORATIVE STAINED GLASS. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New- York; lectern, pictiu-e panel, pulpit, chui'ch 
windows of American glass, domestic colored glass windows. 



GRorp 96.— 

Tiffany & Co., New York ; glass 
sculptured, engraved, mounted in silver; 
metal carvings; chiseling in gold and sil- 
ver; ornamental, carved and stained ivory. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 



CARTING. 

York; two tables, chairs and settee; 
sculptured and engraved table lamp. 

Yanderpoel, Mrs. E. N., New York; 
carved box. 



GROUP 



- GOLD AND SILTEEWAEE. 



Diepenbrock t% Uchtman, New York; 
gold and silk embroidered church vest- 
ments, military and society banners. 

Diepenbrock & Uchtman, New York; 
military and society flags. 

Manhattan Silver Plate Co.. Lyons; 
electroplated gold hollow vrare. 

Manhattan Silver Plate Co.. Lyons; 
electroplated gold-and silverware, hollow 
ware. 

Manhattan Silver Plate Co., Lyons; 
artistic display. 

GEorp 98.- 

Bell ifc Barber, New York; pyrites jew- 
elry and ornaments. 

iirown's Amber Mfg. Co., New York; 
amber jewelry, pipe and cigar holders. 

Brown's Amber Mfg. Co., New York; 
bric-a-brac. 

Canini, J. A., Saratoga Springs; jew- 
elry, mosaic jewelry, gold, silver with 
turquoise, coral jewelry. 

GEOUP 99.- 

Bundy Mfg. Co., Binghamton; auto- 
matic time recorder. 

Bundy Mfg. Co., Binghamton; watch- 
man's electric clock. 

Self ■\Vindinn: Clock Co.. New York; 
self-winding clocks, method of time dis- 
tribuiion by electricity, electric chimes in 
church tower. 



Tiffany & Co., New York; silver table 
ware, plates, salvers, candelabra, gold and 
silverware, gilt ware for table decora- 
tions, knives, forks and spoons, fancy 
articles, silver spoons, cane heads, mixed 
metals, moxunii inlaid enameled, plated 
ware on hard nickel .silver base. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; damascen- 
ing of gold and silver on iron, etching on 
decarbonized steel. 



- JEWELRY. 

'Favre, Leon, New York; ivory minia- 
tures 

Tiffany & Co., New York; gold orna- 
ments, rings, chains, bracelets, necklaces, 
fliamonds, colored gems, rubies, sap[)hires 
fancy stones, diamond cutting, rubies and 
fancy stones, agate, jade, rock crystal. 



HOEOLOGT. 

Self Winding Clock Co., New York; 
automatic signal clocks, sub-marine clocks, 
self-winding marine striking movement, 
self-winding synchronizing clocks 

Tiffany ifc Co., New York; watch cases, 
clocks, astronomical time keepers. 



556 



New Yoek at the World's Columbian Espositiom-. 



(JEOUP 100. SILKS. 



American Silk Label Co., New York; 
woven labels and book marks. 

Blumenthal, A. S., New York; silk 
ribbons. 

Castle Braid Co., New York; braids, 
covered buttons, dress trimmings, silk 
cords. 

Cutter, Jobn D., & Co., New York; 
spool silks, plain dress silks, fancy dress 
silks. 

Dexter, Lambert & Co., New York; 
dress silks, silk ribbons. 

Doherty & Wads worth. New York; silk 
ribbons, dress goods, crepes. 

Elwood. B. E. & E., Port Plain; silk 
dress goods. 

Empire Silk Co., The, New York; silk 
dress goods. 

Hamil & Booth, New York; figured 
silk dress goods. 

Hitchcock & Meding Co., New York; 
satin damask, brocatelles, ribbons, dress 
and tie silks. 

Hitchcock & Meding Mfg. Co., New 
York; silk grenadines, silk nun's veils. 



Jennings Lace Works, The, New York 
laces, gloves, mitts and veils. 

Johnson, Cowdin & Co., New York 
.silk ribbons. 

Kayser, Julius, & Co., New Yoi'k 
mitts, gloves. 

Levy Brothers, New York; silk ribbons. 

Liberty Silk Co., New York; dress 
silks. 

Pelgram & Mayer, New York; dress 
silks, silk ribbons. 

Redmond, Flora V., New York; thirteen 
samples printed silks. 

Rhenania Mills, College Point; silk 
velvet ribbons. 

Robertson, Wm., New York; uphol- 
stery silks, silk curtains. 

Stearns, John N., & Co., New York; 
figured and plain silks. 

Strange, Wm., Co., New York; silk 
ribbons, dress goods, serges, linings 

Sutro Bros. Braid Co., New York; 
trimming braid. 
■ Trevor, Wm., New York; silk cravats, 
silk ties, silk handkerchiefs. 



GEODP 101. VEGETABLE FABEICS. 



Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; 
asbestos material, roofing sheathing, steam 
pipe and boiler coverings, packing cloth, 
cement. 

Pantasote Leather Co., New York; 
upholstery. 

Pantasote Leather Co., New York; 



pocket books, screens, friezes and dados, 
substitute for mural work. 

Potter, Thos., Sons & Co., New York; 
oil cloths, linoleums, light weight oil cloth. 

Tannette Mfg. Co.. ISTew York; leather 
imitations for furuiture, wall decorations 
and carriages. 



GEOUP 102.— COTTONS AND LINENS. 



Garner & Co., New York; printed cot- 
ton goods, calicoes, percales, lawns. 

Garner & Co., New York; ducks, 
sateens and Henriettas, turkey red prints. 

Downer, Lisa De F., New York; linen 
table cloth spun in 1893. 

New York Mills, The, New York; New 
York Mills extra improved primus inter- 
pares challenge cottons; shirtings of su- 
perior quality and evenness of thread and 
manufacture; New York Mills extra heavy 
sheetings, superior qualit}', weight and 
evenness of manufacture; New York Mills 



camlet jean, color and quality (for south- 
ern use), for men and women ; cassimeres, 
superior quality, design and color (for 
men's wear); twilled jeans, jeans for 
drawers, shirtings, ginghams, cotton 
goods. 

Singer Manufacturing Co., New York; 
curtains. 

Standard Oil Co., Troy; lamp, stove 
and torch wicks. 

Thompson, James, & Co., New York; 
twines, buckram. 



GEOUP 103. WOOLEN GOODS. 



American Loop Fabric Co., Brooklyn; 
blankets, carriage and steamer robes, 
traveling rugs, horse blankets, afghans. 

Allen, L. L., &Bros., Rochester; dr^ss 
goods, linings. 

Allen, L. L. 
nels. 

Appletou Woolen Mills, Appleton Mills; 
paper makers, felts, cassimeres. 

Auburn Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen 
clotli. 



& Bros. , Rochester; flan- 



Conde, Switz, New York; knitting fab- 
rics, knitting novelties. 

Canoga Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen 
cloth. 

Dolge, Alfred, Dolgeville; felt goods; 
boots, shoes and slippers made of same. 

Empire Woolen Mills, Clayville; Avoolea 
cassimeres, worsted coatings and suit- 
ings. 

French & Ward. New York; eider-down 
blankets, eider-down fabrics. 



Awards ix MANrFACTrREs Department. 



55^ 



Globe TVoolen Co., Utica ; worsted 
coating and suitings, beavers, cassimeres. 

Jaeger's, Dr., Sanitary Woolen S3"stem 
Co., Xew York; underwear, wearing ap- 
parel, blankets, bedding. 



McFarland Co., Tlie. Amsterdam; 
woolen knit underwear. 

Waterloo Woolen Jlills Co., Waterloo; 
broadcloths. 

Waterloo Woolen Mills Co., 'Waterloo; 
woolen shawls. 



GEOUP lOi. CLOTHING AND COSTUJIES. 



Alder, Jacob, & Co., New York; 
gloves. 

Allen, John C, Gloversville; kid gloves, 
mittens. 

Altman Summer IS^eekwear Co., Xew 
York; summer neckwear. 

Bastable & Mannigan. New York; 
overcoats. 

Beattv, C. F., New York; gold metal 
leaf. ■ 

Brill Brothers, New York; dress shirts. 

Brooklyn Shield Co., Brooklj-n; dress 
shields. 

Burt, Edwin C, & Co., New York; 
boots, shoes and slippers, 

Cluett, Coon & Co.. Troy; general ex- 
hibit of collars, cuffs and shirts. 

Curtis. H. C, Co., Troy; collars, cuffs, 
shirts. 

Delsarte Corset Co., New York; chil- 
dren's waists, bust corsets. 

Dempster & Place. Gloversville; gloves. 

Dempster & Place, Gloversville; mittens. 

Doll, Edwin N., New York; Tuxedo 
coat, silk vest. 

Dryfoos, L., & Co., New York; silk 
shirts. 

Excelsior Fur and Glove Sewing Ma- 
chine Co., New York; sewing machines 
for gloves. 

Ford, C. P., ifc Co., New York, welts, 
shoes. 

Foster, Paul & Co., New Y'ork; artis- 
tic display. 

Foster, Paul & Co., New York; kid 
gloves. 

Gardner, John, Brooklyn ; shoes and 
slippers. 

Haley, C. J., & Co., New Y'ork; hose 
supporters. 

Hanan & Son, New York ; boots and 
shoes. 

Harvey Fastening Co., New York; 
overgaiter fastener. 

HoopJe, Wm. Howard, New York; 
strip welting, 

How.ird, J. Imogen. New York; hand- 
mule children's dresses. 

Hull & Co.. Poughkeep.sie; pantaloons. 

Hull & Co., Poughkeepsie; process of 
manufacture from the raw wool to the 
finished trousers. 

Jaros Hygienic Underwear Co., New 
York; liy.iiienic underwear. 

Knox. E. M., New York; silk hats, 
stiff hats, soft hats. 

Knox, E. M., New York; straw hats. 



Knox, E. M., New Y'ork; ladies' riding 
hats, napper hats. 

Lattemann, J. J., Shoe Mfg. Co.. New 
York; boots. 

Lehmanu, Chas. F.. Brooklyn; military 
helmets of cork, police helmets of cork, 
society helmets of cork. 

JIayer, Strouse & Co., New York; 
corsets. 

Merwin, Berkley R., New York; cut- 
away frock suit, sack suit. Tuxedo suits. 

Millen, E., & Co., New York; pajama 
suits, fancy night shirts. 

Millen, E., & Co., New Y'ork; dress 
shirts. 

Mills, S. J., Rochester; dress waists of 
silk. 

Mitch'41. John J.. The, Co., New York; 
fashion plates of men's garments. 

MuUer, A. F., New York; ladies' riding 
habits. 

Northrup Glove Co. , Johnstown; gloves. 

Patterson, John, & Co. New York; 
queens', state, grooms' and waiters' livery. 

Self Threading Sewing Machine Co., 
New York; sewing machines. 

Seybel, F. W., New York; ladies' felt 
hats, ladies' straw hats. 

Siegel Brothers, New York; ladies' mus- 
lin underwear. 

Singer Mfg. Co., New York; machines. 
Singer machines with reciprocjiting shut- 
tle movement. Singer sewing machine 
oscillating movement. Singer se^^ing ma- 
chine single thread chain stich. 

Stiehl. C. H., & Co., New York; 
children's headwear. 

Tracy. Harriet R., New Y'ork; sewing 
machine products. 

Tracy, Harriet R., New York; sewing 
machines. 

Twy effort, E., New York ; morning 
hunting coat, waistcoat, breeches. 

United Shirt and Collar Co., Troy; la- 
dies' collars, cuffs, shirts and chemisettes. 

Van Orden Corset Co., New Y'ork; 
corsets. 

Van Orden Corset Co., New York; 
manufactured corsets. 

Vredenburgh & Brooks. New York; 
D. B. frock coat. D. B. waistcoat, trousers. 

Weiss. Julius C. it Co.. New York; 
dress stiit. driving overcoat, 

AVessman, J. P , New York; overcoat. 

Williams Mfg. Co.. Plattsburgh; sew- 
ing machines for family and light manu- 
facturing 



558 



New Yokk at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



GEOUP 105. FDES. 



Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York; 
manufactured furs, manufactured skins, 
inouuted animals, stuffed animals, trim- 
mings, caps, boas, muffs, capes, robes, 
rugs, Russian sable tail garment, eagle 
banner, natural beaver robe, ermine 
cloak. 

Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York; 



hunters' and sportsman's furs, broad tail 
mantellette, chinchilla mantellette. 

Shayne, C. C, New York; furs. 

Shaj-ne, C. C, New York; sable mantle, 
mink mantle. 

Treadwell, Geo. C, & Co., Albany, 
dressing for seal furs, dyeing for seal 
furs, capes. 



GKODP 106. LACES, EMBKOIDEEIES, ETC. 



Associated Artists, New York; tapestry. 

Associated Artists, New York; color 
study, portiere, etc. 

Associated Artists, New York; Japanese 
wall hanging, gold embroidery on gold 
cloth. 

Associated Artists, New York; tapes- 
try needlework ("Algerian Boy"), tex- 
tiles, group of shadow silks. 

Associated Artists, New York; cotton 
velvets. 

Carter, Mrs. Esther, New York; Flem- 
ish lace curtain (white), Venetian trim- 
ming for scarf. 

Clark, H. P., Springfield Centre; em- 
broidery. 

Cole, Miss Agues, New York; ecclesi- 
astical and other embroidery. 

Crotty & Mitchell, New York; dress 
stays. 

Decorating Artists, Society of. New 
York; bed-spread, Italian, etc.. Renais- 
sance; panel, head of Madonna, solid em- 
broider}' in silk. 

Decorating Artists, Society of. New 
York; gold embroidery, velvet bags. 

Downer, Mrs. Frederick W., New 
York; hand-made lace scarf. 

Excelsior Quilting Co., New York; 
fancy stitchings and quiltings of linings. 

Gerschal, Victor, New York ; pearl 
buttons. 

Gibson, S. Meta, New York; art 
needlework. 

Hampton, Mrs. Henry, Poughkeepsie; 
yellow roses, center piece, linen. 

Hadley, Sara, New York; hand-made 
lace. 

Hollingsworth, Mrs. J., Penn Yan ; 
table cover. 

Howard, J. Imogen, for Afro-Ameri- 
can exhibit of New York State Board; 
ecclesiastical and other embroidery. 

Hiller, M. L., & Sons, New York; shoe 
trimmings. 



Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York; tap- 
estry needlework (" Birth of Psyche"). 

Kreamer, T. R., Steinway; art embroid- 
ery and painting. 

Lamb, j. & R. , New York ; frame 
with ecclesiastical embroidery. 

Lyman, Anna, New York ; picture 
panel in needlework, etc. 

New England "Whalebone Mfg. Co,, 
New York; stays. 

New England Whalebone Mfg. Co../ 
New York; dress bones. 

New York State Board of Women 
Managers, New York; collection of 
miniatures. 

Nichols, Rhoda Holmes, New York ; 
piece of hand-made lace. 

Ogden, Miss Lucy, New York ; em- 
broidery. 

Peters, Mrs. M. A., New York; shore 
piece embroidered on satin. 

Petit, Julie Emma, New York; crochet 
spread and shams. 

Preston, Mrs. R. W., Brooklyn; cro- 
chet counterpane brown thread, crochet 
pillow cover. 

Ryerson, Mi,ss N. C, New York; 
tapestry, " Summer." 

Singer Mfg. Co., The, New York; laces, 
art embroidery, needlework, tapestries, 
machine work. 

Stevens, Mary D., New York; frame 
with embroidered angel. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New 
York ; lectern work, embroidering in gold 
and silks, leather table cover of perforated 
embroidery, precious mitre in needlework 
applique. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New 
York ; orphrej'ed mitre in pure needle- 
work of gold, chasuble in gold applique, 
cape of velvet and embroidery. 

Wheeler, Mrs. Candace, New York ; 
brocades. 



GEO UP 107.«^ TOILET ARTICLES. 
India Rubber Comb Co., New York; combs, brushes. 



GEO0P 108. TRAVELING EQUIPMENTS. 

DeMuth. Wm., New York; artistic dis- 



DeMuth, Wm., & Co., New York; 
smokers' articles, meerschaum pipes 
mounted with amber, metal show figures. 



play of pipes and smokers' articles. 
Hacker, J. C, New York; bags. 



AwAEDS IN ManUFACTUEES DEPARTMENT. 



559 



Tiffany & Co., New York; iiiubixUas, j vulises, dress suit cases, lumd bags, toilet 
canes, fancy bags, pouches, card cases, I articles, leather of animals, birds, reptiles, 
portfolios, silverware and jewelry cases, I fishes. 

GROUP 109. RUBBER GOODS. 

The India Rubber Comb Co., New York; hard rubber goods, soft rubber goods. 



GROUP 110.- 

Estes, E. B., & Sons, New Y'ork; turned 
wooden boxes. 

Jansen, Edward, New York; novelties 
in basket work, reed chairs, tables, stools 



TOYS AND FANCY ARTICLES. 

and ottomans, rattan chairs, stools and 
ottomans. 

Pia, Peter F., New York; pewter toys. 

Rice & Hochster, New York; tortoise 
shell articles. 



GROUP 111. LEATHER GOODS. 



Barnet, J. S., & Bro., New York; 
finished leather. 

Fayerweather & Ladew, New York ; 
belting and sole leather. 

Hauselt, Chas., New York ; glazed kid. 

Johnstone & Buckley, New York ; 
weltin.t; and welting leather. 



Levor, 

shoe kid 

Moffat, 



Gustav, Gloversville ; patent 



David, & Co., New York ; har- 
ness leather. 

Weed, James B., ii Co., Binghamton ; 
finished leather. 



GROUP 112. SCALES AND MEASURES. 



Buffalo Scale Co., Buffalo; combina- 
tion beam for hay scales. Dormant scales, 
reverse acting meat beam, Columbian 
scale, Boston platform, faucj' latch for 
platform scales, patent Boston market 
scales, patent testing machine. 

National Meter Co., Brooklyn ; water 
meters. 



Neptune Meter Co., New Ywk ; water 
meters. 

Springer Torsion Balance Co., New 
York ; scales and balances, 

Thomson Meter Co., Brooklyn; water 
meters. 

Worthiugton, H. R., Co. , New York; 
water, oil and molasses meters. 



GROUP 113. — ■ MATERIAL OF WAR. 



Bannerman, Francis, New York ; 
repeating shot guns and rifles, riot guns. 

Burgess Gun Co., Buffalo ; sporting 
and hunting firearms. 

Emerson, Chas. H., Whitehall; 
boomerang. 



Lefever Arms Co., Syracuse; auto- 
matic hammerless guns. 

Lefever Arms Co., Syracuse ; ejector. 

Remington Arms Co., Ilion ; military 
and sporting firearms. 



GROUP 11-1. LIGHTING APPARATUS. 



HohenstelU; H., New York; candles 
and sundries, lamp and candle shades of 
silk, linen and paper. 

Rochester Lamp Co., New York ; 
lamps, lamp shades and appurtenances, 
artistic display. 

Steatn Gauge Lantern Co., Syracuse ; 
lamps, lanterns. 



Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., 
New York ; sanctuary lights of silver 
and copper, of new and artistic design ; 
a metallo-mother of pearl electrolier, 
novel in form and artistic in design ; a 
church electrolier of great size, glass and 
metal. 



115. 



■HEATING AND 



GROUP 

Abendroth Brothers, New York; hot 
water heaters. 

Consolidated Car Heating Co., Albany; 
electric heaters. 

Cortland Howe Ventilating Stove Co., 
Cortland*, heating stoves. 

Downer, Lisa de Forest, New York; 
patent mop pail. 

Gorton & Lidgerwood Co., New York; 
house heating boilers. 



COOKING APPARATUS. 

Howard Thermostat Co., Syracuse; 
automatic damper regulators. 

Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; anti- 
burning bottom fill- sheet metal kitchen 
utensils, galvanized articles for household 
purposes, rotary ash sifter. 

Jackson, E. A., & Bros., New York; 
grates. 

Kelsey Furnace Co., Syracuse; warm 
air furnace. 



560 



ISTew Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Lawton, Mrs. J. il., ISI'ew York; maize 
grater. 

Pease, J. J., Furnace Co., Syracuse; 
hot water furnaces, hot air and steam 
heaters. 

Ronalds & Co., New York; range 
boilers. 



Stroud, James, New York; self-basting 
roasting pans. 

Troemner, Henry, New York; coffee 
mills. 

Tut tie & Bailey Mfg. Co., New York; 
warm air registers, veutilators. 

Warner, J. W., Oneida; hot water 
heaters, steam heating boilers. 



GROUP 116, METAL WARE. 



Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; tinned, 
galvanized and enamelled household or 
kitchen steel soda fountains, rotary ash 
sifters, utensils, cold handles. 



Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; soda 
fountains, enamelled sheet metal ware. 

Mathews, John, App. Co., New York- 
soda water apparatus and all fixings. 

GROUP 117. WIRE GOODS. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; glass and metal lathe work for 
windows, etc. 

GROUP 118. WROUGHT IRON GOODS. 

Bayer & Scherbner, New York; | York; wrought copper lamp, fire screen, 
-vi'ought iron grills, andirons. wrought silver lamp. 

Tilfauy Glass and Decorating Co., New | 

GROUP 119. HARDWARE, SAFES, ETC. 

augers, bits, drawing knives, saws, 
planes, carpenters' tools. 

Kearney & Foot Co., New York; files 
and rasps. 

May dole, David, Hammer Co. , Norwich; 
hammers. 

Stafford, N., Norwich; Stafford coin 
registering bank. 



Bard.sley, James, New Y'ork ; spring 
hinges and door knobs. 

Bohannau, Wiisoif, Brooklj'u; locks, 
padlocks, switch locks, door looks, handles 
and night latches. ' 

Bommer Bros., Buooklyn; spiral spring 
hinges. 

Cary Safe Co. (.Limited), Buffalo; safes. 

Jennings, C. E., & Co., New York; 



GROUP |120. — ^ PLUMBING AND SANITARY MATERIALS. 



Alberene Stone Co., New York; Al- 
berene stone laundry tubs, sanitary and 
plumbing specialties. 

Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; riveted 
galvanized range boilers, welded gal- 
vanized boilers (range). 

GROUP 121. MISCELLANEOUS. 



Co. 



Syracuse; dis- 
New York; 



Campbell Cutlery 
play trays. ; 

Cushman & Denison 
pocket files. ' 

Dostie. Mrs. G. W., Johnstown; dress 
cutting system. ' 

Improved Cloak Rack Co., New York; 
revolving cloak stand. 

Iron Clad Manufacturing Co., New 
York; sheet metal tubular or hollow 
rives. 

McDowell Co., The, New York; small 
" brass machine for drafting garments to 
take the place of tailor scfuare. » 

JIcDowell Co. . Tl/e, New York; small 
machine for drafting men's garments. 



Oswego Indui-ated Fibre Co., Oswego; 
laundry trays, batli tubs, sinks and lava- 
tories made of indurated fibre ware. 

Stewart Ceramic Co., New York; solid 
white ei'ockery, stationary wash tubs, 
bath tubs. 



New York; 



Major, A., Cement Co.. 
leather and rubber cement. 

North American Phonograph Co., New 
York; phonographs. 

Palmenberg's, J. R., Sons, New York; 
display of fixtures and forms. 

Queen Silver Polish Co., New York; 
silver polish. 

Rod well Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; 
stamps and gilded sign letters. 

Safford, N., Bufl'alo; signs. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; medals 
struck b_y Tiffany. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New- 
York; church furniture of all kinds in 
marble, plaster, metal, etc., a statue of 
Blessed Virgin, etc. 

The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully 
compared with the records of this department and is correct. 

F. R. GAMMON, 
March 24, 1894. Chief of the Departmentof Manvfactures. 




I 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT J, ELECTRICITY. 



GEOUP 122. — 

Geueral Electric Co., New York 
760 — Trausformcrs. 



ILLTJSTEATIVE APPARATUS. 

; class I Walte it Bartlett Manufacturing Co., 
j New York; class 757 — Holtz iuduction 
I machine. 



GEOUP 123. MEASUBING APPARATUS. 

General Electric Co., New York; class I Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York: class 
764 — Recording wattmeter, Thomson. | 761 — Electrical testing instruments. 



GEOUP 12i. BATTERIES. 

class I Leclanche Battery Co., The, New York; 
, class A — Batteries for open circuits (volt 
and cylinder cells). 

Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; class 
A — Dry Leclanche battery. 



Bunnell. J. H., & Co., New York: 
A — Standard dry battery. 

Edison Mauufacfuring Co., New York; 
class A — Edison La Lande battery. 

Greeley, E. S., & C'o., New York; class 
A — Exeter dry battery. 

GROUP 125. DYNAMICAL ELECTRICITY. 

Excelsior Electric Co., New York; I constant potential; class 766 — Dynamos, 
class 766 — Dynamos, direct constant cur- : direct constant current, for series arc 
rent, for series arc lighting. j lighting; class 767 — Dynamos, alternat- 

General Electric Co., New York; class | ing current, constant potential. 
765 — Dynamos and motors, direct current, | 

GROUP 126. TRANSMISSION" OF CURRENT. 



Brixey, "W. R, New York; class 769 — 
a. Insulated wires, high grade; b. Rubber 
insulating tape. 

Electrical Conduit Co., New York; 
class 771 — Underground conduit for elec- 
trical wires. 

General Electric Co., New York; class 
769 — a. Eccentric coil ammeter: fj. Asta- 
tic bar ammeter; class 770 — k. Lightning 
arresters. Thomson, h. Automatic cir- 
cuit breaker; class 771 — Underground 
electric tube system, 

India Rubber Comb Co., New York; 
class 769 — Hard rubber insulating 
material. 

Interior Conduit & Insulating Co., New 
York; class 769 — Snap switches; class 



771 — Complete system for interior con- 
duits for electrical wires. 

Johns, H. AY., Manufacturing Co., 
New York; class 769 — Insulating materi- 
als (vulcabeston and moulded mica). 

New York Insulated Wire Co.. New 
York; class 769 — Insulated wires (high 
grade). 

Norwich Insulated Wire Co. , New York ; 

class 769 — Wire insulated with paper. 

. Okouite Co., New York; class 769 — 

a. Insulated wires (high grade): b. Lead 

covered cables. 

Standard Paint Co., New York; class 769 
— Insulating compound liquid (P. & B.). 

Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; class 
769 — Current adapter socket. 



GROUP 127. ELECTRIC MOTORS. 



C. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; 
class 778 — Electric motors, direct cur- 
rent, constant potential. 



Otis Bros. & Co., New York; class 773 
— Electric motors, direct current, constant 
potential, with control devices. 



GEOUP 12S. 

C. & C. Electric Motor Co.. New York; 
class 776 — Electric motors, directly con 
nected to fans and blowers. 

Electric Launch & Navigation Co., 
New York; class 776 — Electriclaunches. 

71 



\PPLICATION OF MOTORS. 

General Electric Co., New York; class 
775 — a. Electric street railway system; 
/;. Electric elevated railway system; c. 
Electric locomotives for service in mines; 
d. Electric locomotives for shifting and 



562 



Xew York at the World's Coldmbian Exposition. 



general railroad services; class 776 — a. 
Electric hoisting apparatus; b. Electri- 
cally driven ventilating apparatus; c. 
Electrically driven rock working machiu- 



eiy; d. Electrically driven pumping ma- 
chinery. 

Otis Bros. & Co., New York; class 776 
— Electrically driven pump. 



GEOUP 129. ELECTEIC LIGHTING. 



Excelsior Electric Co., New York; 
class 778 — Arc lamps for direct current 
circuits. 

Friiik, J. P., New York; class 779 — 
Screen reflectors for incandescent lamps. 

General Electric Co., New York; class 
778 — n. Arc lamps for constant potential 
circuits; c. Search lights; b. Arc lamps 
for constant current circuits; d. Orna- 
mental lamp posts: e. Switch boards for 



arc light circuits; class 779 — a. Appli- 
ances used in incandescent lighting; c. 
Incandescent lamps; b. Complete collec- 
tion of incandescent lamps; class 779A — 
a. Electricall}' illuminated fountains; b. 
Incandescent lamps used in the decoration 
of rooms and other structures. 

General Incandescent Arc Light Co., 
New York; class 778 — Arc lamps for 
constant potential circuits. 



GEOUP 131. ELECTEO-METALLUEGY. 



Ringler, 
class 784- 
faced. 



F. A., & Co., New York; 
- Half-tone electrotypes, steel 



Zucker & Levett, New York; class 785 
— Collection of chemicals, etc., used in 
electro-plating. 



GEOUP 133. TELEGRAPH AND ELECTRIC SIGNALS. 



Brixey, W. R, New York; class 790— j 
Telegraph and telephone cables (under- 
ground, aerial and submarine). 

Bunnell, J. H., New York; class 790 — 
Telegraph apparatus. 

Commercial Cable Co., New York; 
class 790 — a. Cuttrifes' telegraph appa- 
ratus for ocean cable services; b. Work- 
ing model of the ocean telegraph, using 
Muirhead's artificial resistances. 

Electric Selector & Signal Co., New 



York; class 796 — System of electrical se- 
lection and individual control. 

Gamewell Fire Alarm & Police Tele- 
graph Co., New York; class 794 — Fire 
alarm telegraph s_ystem. 

Greeleyl E. S., & Co., New York; class 
790 — Telegraph apparatus. 

Western Union Telegraph Co., New 
York; class 790 — Quadruplex telegraph 
apparatus. 



GEOUP 135. SCIENTIFIC ELECTEICITT. 

Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; class 809 — Special faradic apparatus. 

GEAUP 137. HISTOEY AND STATISTICS. 

General Electric Co., New York; class 
816 — Collection of historical electrical 
apparatus. 



"Electrical Engineer," New York; 
class 816 — Original model of Davenport's 
electric railway. 



GEOUP 138a. PEOGEESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTEIOAL SCIENCE. 



General Electric Co., New York; class 
J — Engine dynamos; class N — Three 
phase sj'Stem of power transmission; class 
P — a. Edison feeder system for the dis- 
tribution of electrical energy; b. Edison 



three- wire system for the distribution of 
electrical energy. 

Phelps, A. H., Glens Falls; class C — 
Apparatus for electro thermogravure of 
glass, etc. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully 
compared with the records of this department, and is correct. 

W. E. ANDERSON, 
May 26, 1894. In cliurge of Department of Electricity. 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT K, FINE ARTS. 



Adams. Herbert, Brooklyn. — Portrait 
bust of a lady (marble); Prlmavera (mar- 
ble bust); St. Agnes' Eve (plaster bust, 
colored). 

Ehvell, F. Edwin, Xew York. — Charles 
Dickens and Little Nell (bronze). 



GEOtlP 139. SCULPTURE. 

Niehaus. C. H., Ne"^ York. — Historical 
door for Trinity Churcu (plaster); Athlete 
(plaster). 

Rogers, John, New York. — Statue of 
Abraham Lincoln, seated (plaster). 

Ruckstuhl, F. Wellington, New York. 
— Evening (marble). 



GKOUP 140. OIL PAINTINGS. 



Blashfield, Edwin H., New York.— The 
Angel with the Flaming Sword; Christ- 
mas Bells; portrait. 

Brush, George do Forest, New York, — 
Mother and Child; The Head Dress; The 
Indian and the Lily; The Sculptor and 
the King. 

Church, F. S., New York.— Knowl- 
edge is Power; The Viking'.s Daughter. 

Cox, Kenj'on, New York. — Painting 
and Poetry; An Eclogue; Diana; The 
Pursuit of tlie Ideal; Music; Echo; May; 
portrait of L. H. K. ; A Solo; portrait of 
St. Gaudens; Flying Shadows; portrait 
of Roger D. 

Curran, Charles C, New York. — 
Winter ilorning in a Barn}'ard; Salle de 
la Venus de Milo; Sealing the Letter; The 
Ii'isBed; Early Morning in June; A Winter 
Fog; A Cabbage Garden; Under the 
Awning; A Dream; A Breezy Day; A 
Corner in a Barnyard. 

Dewing, T. W. , New York. — Summer 
Twihght; AMu.sician; A Lady in Blue; a 
portrait; a portrait; portrait of W. M. 
Chase; The Days. 

Donoho, G. Ruger, New York. — La 
Marcellerie; Explorers. 

Foster, Ben., New York. — First Days 
in Spring; The Returning Flock; AMaine 
Hillside; In Fontainebleau Forest. 

Gaul, Gilbert, New York. — Charging 
the Battery; Silenced. 

Hassam, Childe, New York. — Autumn 
Landscape, On the Way to the Grand 
Prix; ^lidsuramer Morning; Cab Station, 
Rue Bonaparte; A Snowy Daj' on Fifth 
Avenue; Indian Summer. 

Hitchcock, George, New York. — Tulip 
Culture; The Scarecrow. 

Johnson, Eastman, New York. — Por- 
trait of Dr. JlcCosh; The Nantucket 
School of Philosophy; The Cranberry 
Harvest, portrait of a girl; Two Men; 
My Portrait; life size portrait. 



- Spring; 
-Rent 



Jones, H. Bolton, New York 
The Flax Breaker. 

Kappes, Alfred, New Yoi'k 
Day; Tattered and Torn. 

Kendall, Wm. Sargent, New York. — 
The Glory of Fair Promise; Saint Yves 
Prajf for Us. 

Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — 
On the Beach. 

Mowbray, H. Siddons, New York. — 
The Rose Harvest ; Arcadia ; Schehera- 
zade; Evening Breeze. 

Murphy, J, Francis, New York. — No- 
vember Grays; The Hazy Morn. 

Palmer, Walter L.. Albany. — Autumn 
ilorning; Mist Clearing Away; An Early 
Snow; January. 

Picknell, Wm. L., New York.— Sun- 
day Morning; Early Morning; The Road 
to Concarneau. 

Piatt, Charles A.. New York. — Winter 
Landscape; Early Spring. 

Reid, Robert, New York. — Vision of 
St. Angela d'Agnant; The Red Flower; 
portrait of little Jliss S.; Her First Born. 

Robinson, Theodore, New York. — The 
Layette; Winter; A Roman Fountain. 

Simmons, Edward E., New York. — 
Early Moonlight, Baj' St. Ives; Darby 
and Joan; The Carpenter's Son. 

Tha_yer, Abbott H., Scarboro. — Virgin 
Enthroned; portrait of a lady; Brother 
and Sister. 

Tiffany, Louis C, New York. — Market 
at Nuremburg; Pottery Market at 
Wurtzberg. 

Tryon, D. W., New York.— Autumn 
Sunset at Sea; Rising Moon, Autumn 
Springtime; Morning;- Starlight; Night 
October; Winter Evening; The Rising 
Moon; A Winter Afternoon; A Salt Marsh, 
December; Daybreak, New Bedford 
Harbor. 

Turner, C. Y., New York.— The Cop- 
persmith; John Alden's Letter; 'The Days 



564 



New Toek at the "World's Columbiait Exposition. 



that ai-e no More; Saw Wood and Say 
Nothing; Pride of the Farm; Washing 
Day; The Grand Canal, Dordrecht; Court- 
ship of Miles Standish; Afternoon Tea; 
Gossips: On the Beach, Easthampton. 

Wallier, Henry O., New York. — Hagar 
and Ishmael; Boy on a Donkey; The 
Gift Bearers. 

Walker, Horatio, New York. — A Stable 
Interior. 



Weir, J. Alden, New York. — Summer^ 
land; The Christmas Tree; Autumn; The 
Young Student; portrait; The Lane; The 
Open Book; portrait of Webb Weir; por- 
trait of Admiral Farragut. 

Wiles, Irving R., New York. — Sun- 
light in the Studio; portrait; Sunshine 
and Flowers; The Sonata; A Lady in 
Green; A Girl in Black. 



GEOUP 141. WATER COLORS. 



Franzen, August, New York. — After- 
noon; Before the Rain, 

Hassam, Chikle, New York.— Mont- 
martre; Springtime iu the City; Fifth 
Avenue; The Rain. 

Lampert, Emma E., Rochester, N. Y. — 
A Bread Winner; Through the Meadows 
in Holland. 

McChesney, Clara T., New York.— Still 
Life; The Old Cobbler. 

Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — 
Moonrise; Bull Calf; Old Friends. 

Nichols, Rhoda H., New York. — 
Chrysanthemums; Washing Day. 

Sherwood, Rosina E., New York. — 
September; In the Orchard; Sunlight in 
the Orchard. 



Smedley, W. T., New York.— " There 
could be no doubt," thought Miss Latj'- 
mer, "that it was to be the 'intense 
elderly;'" "Up Among the Great Iron 
Arches; " A Lazy Companion; Jackson 
Park, part of the Exhibition Grounds; 
Entrance to the Hall of Mines, in process 
of construction; Near the Hall of Mines; 
The Administration Building; Site for 
the Statue of the Republic. 

Tiffany, Louis C, New York. — Cob- 
blers at Bouferik, Algiers; A Street in 
Algiers; Cathedral at Morlaix ; Street 
in Algiers ; Feeding the Flamingoes ; 
Summer. 

Twachtman, J. H., New York.— Pier 
near Newport; Winter. 



GROUP 143. ENGRAVINGS, ETCHINGS AND PRINTS. 



Mercier, Gustave, New York. — Au- 
tomedon; The Day's Work Done; Vive la 
Fidelite; Education of the Virgin. 

Morau, M. Ninimo, New York. — Point 
Isabel, Florida; Florida Forest; Summer, 
Easthampton; Edge of Georgia Pond; 
The Old Homestead; Between the Gloam- 
ing and the Mark; Twilight, Easthamp- 
ton; Bridge over the Delaware; Haunt of 
the Muskrat; Conway Castle, Wales; 
Bushkill Bridge; Evening, Easthampton. 

Piatt, Chas. A., New York.-^Arnheim; 
The Mense; Brittany Landscape; Brittany 
Farm; Willows on the Coast; Dieppe; 
Dordrecht; Naples; Honfleur; Passenger 
Boats, on the Seine; Pier at Lennor: 
Under Pont Ste. Marie; Two Sloops; In- 
land Port, A Spring Flood; Brooklyn 
Bridge; Pont St. Michael. 

Weir. J. Alden, New York.— Dr. R. F. 
Weir; Christmas Tide; Blacksmith Shop; 
John F Weir: Bj' the Evening Lamp; 
The Back YaVa; The Little Fountain; 
Sulby Glen; The Lamp; Castle; Head; 
Figure with Sleeping Dog; Portrait of a 
Lady; three etchings; one drj- point and 
one etching; Frugal Repast — child read- 
ing; head; four heads; two etchings on 
zinc; three etchings and tliree dry points; 
two etchings and one dry point; one 
etching and one dry point- one etching 
and one dry point; two dry points: H. E. 
Weir and Robt. Weir; one etching and 
one dry point. 



Aikman, Walter M., Brooklj^n. — 
Under the Willows; Wordsworth; A 
Modern Comanche; Grand Canal, Venice; 
Rowing Down to Ifflej^; Bringing Home 
the Christmas Tree; Sunset, La Hulpe, 
Belgium; The Sheep Pasture; The Pend- 
ant Jewel Weed. 

Aitken, Peter, New York. — On the 
Otomi Pass, Japan; A Scene in Kent; 
The Conspirators. 

Bernstrom, Victor, 6randview-on-Hud- 
son. — A Little Music; Limbering Up; 
Philip; The Moujik; Drawing Water 
for the Camp; Snow Angel; Trapped at 
Last; The Shepherdess; The Mystery of 
Life; Pirate's Haven, Shark River, N. J.; 
The Dead Matador. 

Cole, Timothy, The Century Co., New 
York. — Delphian Sibyl; Knight of Malta; 
The Concert, The Tribute Money; Venice 
Enthroned; Battle of St. Ephesius; Ma- 
donna and Child; Miracle of St. Mark, 
Group of Angels; Marj' Magdalen; Aeneas; 
Madonna of the Goldfinch; Mona Lisa; 
Three Ages of Man, Unknown Man; 
Verocchio; Madonna and Child; Detail of 
the Last Judgment; Two Angels; Man 
with a Violin; Madonna and Child; St. 
Agnes; St. Jerome; St. Llberalis; The 
Entombment. 

Cooper, Edith. New York. — Sheep; 
White Birches; Garrison Marching Out 
with the Honors of War, Ijlle 1708; 
Springtime of Love. 



Awards in Fine Aets Department. 



5G5 



Davis, Samuel P., Brooklyn. — An 
Afternoon Nap; Cat and Kittens at Play; 
French Hunting Dog. 

Del'Orme, E. H., JS'ew York. — Esqui- 
maux Life ; Birthplace of Beethoven ; 
Canoeing in Florida ; Garden Scene in 
Venice; Landing of the Dutch Fleet. 

Johnson, Thomas, New York. — Head 
of a >Ian; Browning; Dr. J. Weir Mit- 
chell ; Bishop Potter; 3Irs. Bradley 
Martin; Paderewski ; Tennyson; Portrait 
of A. Lang; Portrait of a Girl; Daubigny; 
Liszt; Portrait of a Child. 

Miller, William, New York. — Seven 
Wood Engravings. 

Putnam, S. C, Corona, L. I. — Identity; 
Waterfall by Moonlight ; Mirabeau and 
the King's Messenger; Princess Marie of 
Austria ; A Cozy Corner ; Carne Castle; 
At the Continental Spring; Pirates Seiz- 
ing a Ship; A Sheep Pasture. 

Schladitz, E., New York. — Love Locked 
Out; Grandmother. 



Schlecht, Charles, New York (steel en- 
gravings). — E_yes to the Blind (after A. F. 
Bellows); Love's Young Dream (alter 
Jennie I3rownscombe); Thoughts by the 
Sea (after J. G. Brown) ; Tlie Smoker 
(after Leon Moran); The Wish (after 
Percy Moran). 

Tinkey, John, Brooklyn. — Exchanging 
Confidences; All Halloween; Swine Herd, 
River Danube; Apache Indi::n Firing on 
Teamster ; English Cathedral. 

Wolf, Henry, New York (wood engrav- 
ings). — The Roadside (after K. Swain 
Gifford); New England Peddler (after 
Eastman Johnpon) ; My Sister Lvdia (after 
E. C. TarbcU); The Virgin Enthroned 
(after A. H. Thayer); Twilight (after Alex- 
ander Harrison); The Portrait (after Will. 
H. Low); Alice (after W. M. Chase); Miss 
Beatrice Goelet (after J. S. Sargent); Tiger 
(after Adolph jMenzcl) ; Madonna and 
Child (after Dagnan Bouveret) ; Thirst 
(after Gerome). 



GROUP 14:4. MISCELLANEOUS DRA'WINGS. 



Brown, J. Appleton. New York (pas- 
tels). — Sand Dunes : December ; Spring- 
time ; Summer. 

Blum, Robert, New York. — Wander- 
ing Etas (pen drawing) ; Japanese Police- 
man (peu drawing) ; A Shop for Lamps 
(pen drawing) ; Japanese Girl (pen draw- 
ing) ; Its Tin}^ Head Swung Hither 
and Thither (pen drawing) ; The Ameya 
(pen drawing) ; Be Pleased to Bring in 
the Honorable Account (wash drawing) ; 
My Eye was Caught by the Gleam of a 
Brass Door Knob (wash drawing) ; She 
Looked at me and Spoke Trustingly 
(wash drawing) ; The Tall Ladder of a 
Fire Station (wash drawing); Tea Pot and 
Crockery (wash drawing); Benteen Cave, 
Enoshina (wash drawing); The Amina 
Japonica (wa.sh drawing); Where the 
Proprietor, Stark Naked. Pestles the 
Paddy (wash drawing); She Laid her 
Hand on his Arm (wash drawing); Head 
of the Street, Enoshina (wash drawing); 
A Street Scene, Enoshina (wash drawing); 
Japanese Dinner at the Golden Koi (wash 
drawing); A Little City Back Yard 
(wash drawing); Watching the Election 
Returns, Japan (wash drawing) ; A Beg- 
ging Priest (wash drawing); On the Hill 
side at Enoshina (wash dr.awing); The 
Plankway to Benteen Cave (wash draw- 
ing); Fray Innocencio and Flojo (pen 
drawing): The Man is Dead, He Said 
(black and" white). 

Chapman, Carlton T., New York. — 
Port of Valparaiso in a Norther (wash 
drawing); White Star Steamer. Majestic 
(black and white); The Large.st Steamer 
on the Lake (black and white). 

Gaul, Gilbert, New York.— A Pulque 



Carrier, Mexico (black and white in oil); 
The Journey in the Market Cart (black 
and white in oil) ; Landing at Chagres 
(black and white in oil); Pleasant Weather 
in the Gulf (black and white in oil); 
Gorgona, Panama (black and white in 
oil); The Pilot. .Jamaica (black and white 
in oil); The Kitchen, Jamaica (black and 
white in oil); A Cheer for the Old Flag 
(black and white in oil); The blaster's 
Lunch, Jamaica (black and white in oil); 
Dining-Room, French's Hotel, Panama 
(black and white in oil); "The Steamer 
is in," Panama (black and white in oil) ; A 
Crowded Steamer (black and white in oil). 
Gibson, C. D., New York. — Yes, It is 
Too Bad (pen drawing); You Must Tell 
Your Friend Not to be Frightened at the 
House (pen drawing); xVwfully Kind of 
You to (^'ome to Our Shanty (pen draw- 
ing); And the Two Smoked on in Silence 
(pen drawing); Aren't You Pleased with 
Me (pen drawing); Debutantes Leaning 
on his Arm (pen drawing); The Young 
JNIen in the House Thought Her a Jolly 
Girl (pen drawing); Jlrs. Vernon Had 
Crossed the Rubicon (pen drawing); He is 
Waiting for Me (pen drawing); tord and 
Lady AVm. Hampshire (pen drawing); We 
are IJehind Time, Mrs. Vane Benson and 
I (pen drawing); When Luella Lost her 
Grip (pen drawing); The Electing in ]\Irs. 
Van Shuter's Empire Room (pen draw- 
ing); I am Glad that Tempest in a Teapot 
is Over (pen drawing); Her First Appear- 
ance (pen drawing); The American Girl 
(pen drawing); At the Fair (pen drawing); 
I Wish to God You were Out of this 
Business (wash drawing); In the Studio 
(wash drawing); A Serious Question (wash 



566 



New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



drawing); Cartoon for Life (pen drawing); 
Two Girls and a Man (pen drawing); Tlie 
Jury (pen drawing); In the Moonlight 
(pen drawing); Drifting Apart (pen draw- 
ing); Will Penelope Land the Baron (pen 
drawing); At Mrs. Flatsharps (pen draw- 
ing); The Prisoner at the Bar (pen draw- 
ing); Time (pen drawing); In Leap Year 
(pen drawing); In Leap \'ear, Starting on 
their Wedding Journey (pen drawing); 
In Leap Year, After Having Kept the 
Men Waiting (pen drawing); The Horse 
Show (pen drawing); That Delicious Mo- 
ment (pen drawing); A Summer Vacation 
(pen drawing); Fourth of July (pen draw- 
ing); At Mrs. Van Tappan's (pen draw- 
ing); At Mrs. Daubleigh Chrome's (pen 
drawing); At the Gentlemen's Sons 
Chowder Club (pen drawing). 

Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. — Night 
Hawk (pen drawing); Orange Boughs 
(charcoal); A Mistj' Morning (smoke); 
Los Loros, Andes (black and white); 
A California Garden (black and white); 
The Bobolink at Home (black and wliite); 
A Midnight Tragedy (black and white); A 
Wild Garden (black and white); A Winter 
Ravine (black and white); The Sly Silver 
Fox (black and white); Cyrepedium 
Spectabile (black and white); A Kelic of 
the Departed South (black and white); 
A Southern Cane Brake Jungle (black 
and white); On Bayou Teche, Louisiana 
(black and white). 

Low, Will H., New York.— Through 
the Tendriled Branches the Famed 
^olian Choir (black and white); Old 
Field at Barbizon (wash drawing); Nar- 
cissus (black and white, oil). 

Metcalf, W. L., New York.— Stinnard 
House, Pelham Bay Park (pen drawing); 
The Picture Gallery (black and white); 
He Drove the Knife "Through his Hand 
(black and white); Cable Hut at Shore 
End (black and white, oil). 

Reinhart, Charles S., New York. — A 
Kissing Gate (pen drawing); Government 
Wharf, Fort Monroe (charcoal); Up the 
Hudson (pen drawing); Portrait of Charles 
Dudley Warner (pen drawing); A Near 
Sighted Deputy (charcoal); Liberal and 
Conservative (charcoal); A Tramp (char- 
coal); Christmas Morning (charcoal); Il- 
lustration (black and white); Skating 
(wash drawing). 

Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. 
" — Roping in a Horse Corral (pen draw- 
ing); The Old Trapper, pen drawing; 
A Member of the Mounted Pofice, 
Canada (pen drawing); Infantry Covering 
the Withdrawal of Cavalry (wash draw- 
ing); Behind the Breastworks, Besieged 
by Utes (wash drawings); A Sample Steed 
(black and white); A War Party of Co- 
manches " Jumping " a Hunter's Camp 
Cblack and white); Splitting the BufEalo 



Herd (black and white, oil); Boots and 
Saddles (wash drawing); Rounding Up 
(wash drawing); Pitching Broncos (wash 
drawing); General Miles Reviewing the 
Mexican Army (wash drawing); Polish 
Village (wash drawing); Some Idle Notes 
on "The Most Noble Profession," in 
Europe (wash drawing); At the Horse 
Show (wash drawing). 

Smedley, W. T., New York.— Exhibi- 
tion Grounds, 1891 (black and white); Be- 
fore the Agricultural Building (black and 
white); Lake-front Side of Main Building 
(black and white); At the Hotel (black 
and white); In a Restaurant (pencil); Il- 
lustration (wash drawing); Old Guard 
Ball (black and white); An Invitation to 
the Dance (black and white); In the House 
of Representatives (black and white); Cow- 
boy (black and white); Illustration (wash 
drawing); Ladies' Gallery, House of Rep- 
resentatives (l^lack and white); Easter Lil- 
lies (black and white); Broadway at Night 
(black and white); Promenade Concert 
(black and white); A Bishop (black and 
white); Relics of George Washington 
(black and white); Onnalinda (black and 
white); When the Tide Comes In (black 
and white); "Jane Field, I ain't Esther 
Maxwell" (black and white); On the 
Rocks at Narragansett (black and white); 
Sunday Morning, Fifth Avenue (black 
and white); A King's Daughter (black and 
white); Christmas Shopping (black and 
white); On the Down Town Ferry (black 
and white); A Bit of Decoration (black 
and white). 

Thulstrnp, T. de. New York. — Joseph 
Choate (wash drawing); Columbian Ex- 
position, Workers in Staff (black and 
white); A Belated Passenger (black and 
white); An Evening at the Horse Show 
(black and white); Admiral Walker (black 
and white); The Three Hussars (black and 
white); The Dinner Table in a Norwegian 
Farmhouse (black and white); AMoujik's 
Funeral (black and white); Norwegian 
Fisher Family (black and white); At the 
Traktier's (black and white); Kroll's 
Garden, Berlin (black and white); Military 
Road in the C'aucasus (black and white); 
Circassians of the Imperial Guard (black 
and white); Georgian Prince (black and 
white); The Yachting Party (black and 
white); Persian Bazaar, Nijni Novgorod 
(black and white); Horse Artillery Going 
into Action (black and white); Crcssing 
the Channel (black and white). 

Wenzell, A. B., New York.— The 
Diamonds (black and white); sketches, 
Nos. 1-12 for "Life." 

Zogbaum, R. F., New Rochelle.— A 
Landing, the Advanced Skirmishers (black 
and white); Shore Drill, Pegging Away 
at an Imaginary Enemy (black and white); 
All Hands to "Skylark (black and white). 



Awards in Fike Aets Department. 



567 



GROUPS 139-li5. ARCHITECTURE. 



Bruuncr & Trvon, Xew York 
Entrance, Temple Beth-El (pen); Shrine 
for Temple Beth-El (water color); Sahlein 
Building (water color); Buildings to be 
Erected for "W. F. Ilavenieyer. 

Gibson, R. H., Broolvlyu,— Competitive 
Besign for the Cathedral of St. John the 
Divine (pen drawing), 

Hardenburs, H, J., New York,— 



Main ' Waldorf Hotel (water color by Hughson 
Hawley), 

Hunt, R. M., Xew York.— Model of 
part of the house of W, K. Vanderbilt. 

Lamb it Rich. New York. — Berkeley 
School, Xew York city (photograph); 
Germania Fire Insurance Building, New 
York city (photograph). 



The foregoing list of awards has been carefully compared with the books of this 
department and found correct. 

FRANK R. PHISTER, 
January 11, 1894. Superintendent Fine Arts Department. 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS 
DEPARTMENT L, LIBERAL AliTS. 



IN 



GROUP 147. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE. 



Americiin Contiuental Simitary Co., 
New York; disiut'ecting fluid, sanitas 
disiufecting fumigatoi'S, tiutomatic disiu- 
fec.toi'S. 

Amos, Alex. M., Buffalo; steam cooker. 

Associated Charities, Newburgh; forms 
and reports, 1 vol. 

Biugharaton State Hospital, Bingham- 
tou; samples patients' work. 

Board of Health, New York; album. 

Brooklyn Orphan Asylum, Brooklj'U; 
photographs, etc. 

Buffalo Hospital of Sisters of Charity, 
BufTalo; portfolio showing results. 

Children's Home Association, Amster- 
dam; fiu'ms anil reports, 1 vol. 

Cliildron's Aid Society, Brooldyn; forms 
aud rejKirts, 1 vo(. 

Children's Aid Societ.y, New York; re- 
ports, 5 vols. 

Croton Aqueduct Com.. New York; 
charts, maps and photographs. 

Demilt Dispensary, New York; reports, 

3 vols. 

Dennis, Miss Caroline E., Auburn; 
training schools for nurses. 

FitclV Accident Hospital, Buffalo; band- 
age winder, emergency bag for ambulance 
work. 

Fitch Creche, Buffalo; photographs, 
etc. 

German Evangelical Home, Brooklyn; 
reports, 1 vol. 

Hebrew Free School Association, New 
York; 3 charts. 

Hebrew Orjihan Asylum, New Y'ork; 
specimen work. 

Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, 
New York; reports, 1 vol. 

Home for Aged and Infirm, New York; 

4 charts. 

Home for Aged and Inlirn\, Yonkers; 
3 charts. 

Home for Friendless, Buffalo; charts 
aud photographs on wing frame. 

Home of the Good Shepherd, Troy; 
portfolio showiug aims, etc. 

House of the Good Shepherd, TJtica; 
photographs and reports, 1 vol. 

Hunting, Nelson, Albany; Hunting 
automatic water distiller. 

Improved Dwelling Co., New York; 
models and plans for improved dwellings. 

Ingleside Home, Buffalo; forms and re- 
ports, 1 vol. 



Ladies' Deborah Nursery and Children's 
Protectory, New York; 3 charts. 

Ladies' Sewing Society of Hebrew 
Society, New York; 1 chart. 

Ladies' Society of Mt. Sinai Hospital, 
New York; 3 charts. 

Little Mothers at Work and Little 
Mothers at Play, New York; photo- 
graphs, etc. 

Louis' Down 'I'own Sabbath and Daily 
School. New York; specimens of needle 
designing and shorthand. 

Louis' Down Town School, New York; 
reports, 1 vol. 

Jlethodist Episcopal Churcli Home, 
New York; liistoric outline. 

Slontefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, 
New York; reports, 1 vol. 

5It. Sinai Hospital, New York; training 
.school for nurses. 

NcAV York State Reformatory, Elmira; 
charts, etc. 

New York Deaf and Dumb Institute, 
New York; work of inmates, etc. 

New York State; model poor house. 

New York State, Albany; Working- 
man's Jlodel Home. 

New York Association for the Improve- 
ment of the Condition of the Poor, New 
York; colored plans and elevations. 

New York Orthop. Dispensary and 
Hospital, New York; reports, 1 vol. 

New York State Board of Charities; 
annual reports; framed statistical 
charts. 

New York State AVorkingman's Home, 
Albany; investigation of workingmeu's 
diet. 

Orphan Home of the Holy Saviour, 
Cooperstown; house records. 

Presbyterian Hospital, New York ; 
training school for nvu'ses. 

Quarantine System, New York; charts 
and maps. 

Remington, Cyrus K., Buffalo, photo- 
graphs of crematory. 

St. Coleman Orplian Asylum. West 
Troy ; portfolio showiug the advanced 
views, etc. 

St. John's Guild, New York; pictures, 
3, bed 1. 

St. John's Asylum, LTtica: portfolio. 

St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asvbnu, 
Buffalo; folding case, industrial work aud 
book. 



AWAEDS IN LiBEEAL AktS DePAETMENT. 



569 



Sanitarium of Hebrew Children, New 
Yoii^; charts 1, pictures 4, vol. 1. 

Soldiers and Sailors' Home, New Vork; 
reports, 1 vol. 

State Board of Health, Albauj-; charts, 
maps and tables. 

State Industrial School, Rochester ; 4 
heavy riveting hammers, polished handles. 

State Industrial School, Rochester; grade 
map, work of primary department, 1 vol. 



Temperance Home for AYomen and 
Children, Deeriug; chart and photograph 
on wing frame. 

Utica State Hospital. Ttica ; samples 
patients' work. 

Wilmot, Castle & Co., Rochester; steam 
cooker. 

Young Ladies' Benevolent Association, 
Auburn; forms, 1 vol. 



GEOtJP lis. MEDICAL AND SUEGICAL INSTKUJMENTS. 



Daggett Table Co., Bufftiio; posturing 
tables. 

Drevet Mfg. Co., New York; ilar- 
chand's Pero.xide of Hydrogen ; Jlar- 
chand's Atomizer and Ozonizer ; Mar- 
chand's Glycozone. 

Elkins, Jliss Fanny. New York; color 
drawings of anatomj-. 

Fairchild Bros. & Foster, New York; 
Pepsin tablets; Panopepton; Peptogenic 
milk powder; Peptonesian tubes; Deasta- 
sic Essence of Pancreas; Tripsin. Extrac- 
tum Panereatis; Glycerinum Peplicum; 
Essence of Pepsin; Pepsin in scales. 

Frees, C. A., New York; artificial 
limbs. 

Harvey, The G. H., Co., Saratoga; 
pharmaceutical products. 

Johnson & Johnson, New York; medi- 
cal and surgical apijliances. 



Marks, A. A., New York; artificial 
limbs, surgical appliances and invalid 
vehicles. 

Mt. Sinai Hospital and Training School, 
New York; charts and reports. 

Presbyterian Hospital and Training 
School, New Y'ork; hospital appliances. 

Reed & Carnrick, New York; Kumys- 
gen, Pancrobeline liquid. 

Ritter Dental Mfg. Co., Rochester; 
Columbian dental chairs; dental tables. 

Seaburj' tfc Johnson, New York; medi- 
cal, surgical and antiseptic specialties. 

Standard Homeopathic Globule Mfr., 
New York; globules, desks, etc. 

TildenCo., The, New Lebanon; pharma- 
ceutical preparations; fluid extracts. 

Ward. H. A., Rochester: skeletons. 

"Ward, H. A. , Rochester ; ossific 
preparations. 



GEOUP 149. EDUCATION. 

For catalogue of awards to schools exhibiting in the Ncav York 



collective exhibit 



see, also, page 468, 

Academy of the Holy Rosary, New 
Y''ork; class work. 

Albany Academy, Albany ; students' 
work, course of studj-, photographs. 
Beck Literary societj-. 

AUiauy Busin&s College, Alban}-; work 
in bookkeeping, stenogr.iphy. etc. 

All Saints School, Brooklyn; class work, 
etc. 

American Museum Natural History, 
New York; photographs of two build- 
ings, etc. 

Art Students' League, New York; ]iho- 
tograph prints of figures modeled in cla}' 
from living model. 

Assumption School, Brooklyn; class 
work, bookkeeping, etc. 

Bensinger Bros., New Y''ork, Chicago 
and Cincinnati; text books. 

Berkely School (Dr. John White), New 
Yo.'k; administrative forms, photographs. 

Brooklyn Diocese, Brooklyn: class art 
nci-'dlewo'rk, kindergarten school, fifty- 
four schools. 

Brothers of the Christian School, New 
York; literary, scientific, classical and 
art work. 

72 



Brothers of Mary, New York; class 
woi'k, penmanship, maps and lan- 
guages. 

Buffalo Diocese, Buffalo ; class art 
needlework, kindergarten school, fifty- 
four schools. 

Buffalo Seminary, Buffalo; geometry 
and other school Avork. 

Caldwell. G. 51., Miss, New York; 
embroidery and endowment of Catliolic 
-LTuiversitj' of America, first foundress. 

Caiiisius College, Buffalo; class work 
and drawings. 

Cary, Florence Elizabeth, New York; 
glazed and framed designs. 

Cathedral School for Boys, New York; 
work in literattire, mathematics, etc. 

Cathedral School for Girls, New York; 
needlework, weaving, embroidery, litera- 
ture, etc. 

Catholic JIale Orphan Asylum, Troy; 
glasswork, drawing and other work. 

Catholic Publication Society, New 
York: text books. 

Children's Aid Societ_v, New York; flag 
made by children. 

Christian Brothers' Academy, Albany; 



570 



New Yoek at the TVoeld's Columbian Exposition. 



school work, drawing, kiudergarten and 
photographs. 

Christian Brothers of United States 
America, New Yorl?;; series of drawing 
books, text books on same. 

Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn; school 
work. 

Coe, E. M., Miss, New York; kinder- 
garter, appliances for study of color, form 
and sciences. 

Colgate University, Hamilton; twenty - 
three photographs, twenty statistical 
charts, handbooks, course of study, etc. 

College City of New York, New York; 
statistics, registers, etc. 

Columbia College, New York; photo- 
graphs, charts, plans, works of faculties 
and alumni. 

Convent of Holy Eosary, New York; 
class work, kindergarten and needlework. 

Cornell University, Ithaca; photo- 
graphs, grounds, buildings, interiors, 
university work. 

Cortland Normal School, Cortland; col- 
lective exhibit. 

De La Salle Inst., New York; engineer- 
ing, literary work, drawings, etc. 

German Catholic Orphan Asylum, Buf- 
falo; class work, fancj^ work, etc. 

Hall, Margery, manager day nursery, 
New York; day nurser}'. 

Harrison, Wm. B., New York; school 
chairs. 

Helpers' (14) School, Gardensville; class 
work and map drawing. 

Holy Angels' Academjr, Buffalo; class 
work. 

Holy Cross Girls' School, New York; 
class work and map drawing. 

Holj"" Trinity School, Brooklyn; class 
work, map drawing and kindergarten. 

Immaculate Conception, male school. 
New York; class work, drawings, charts, 
etc. 

Immaculate Conception, male school. 
New York; work in Enghsh, German, 
business forms, etc. 

Industrial School, Church Hoi}' Com- 
munion, New York; large frame contain- 
ing course in sewing. 

Industrial School of St. Mary, Brook- 
lyn; fancy work, shoes, etc. 

Institution of Mercy, ISTew York; needle- 
work lace curtains. 

Institute for Blind, New York; speci- 
mens showing methods of instruction. 

Kitchen Garden (Emil)' Huntington, 
mng.), New York; kitchen garden. 

Kunz. G. F., New York; portraits of 
mineralogists. ' 

La Salle Institute, New York; class 
work, drawings, etc. 

La Salle Institute, Troy; class work, 54 
volumes. 

Le Couteulx St. Mary's Deaf Institute, 
Buffalo; class work, maps, drawings, etc. 



McClelland, Miss Mary (inventor), 
Albany; educational panopticon. 

Manhattan College, New York; literary, 
scientific, classical and art work. 

Nativity Academy, Brooklyn; class 
work and drawings. 

Nativity Institute, Brooklyn; class 
work and drawings. 

New York Catholic Protectory, West- 
chester; embroiderj'' and fancy work. 

New York Catholic Protectory for 
Boys, Westchester; class work, 800 copy 
books. 

New York City Public Schools, New 
York; relief maps New York State. 

New York Diocese, New York; class 
art needlework, kindergarten school, 
sixty -nine schools. 

New York Military Academy, Corn- 
wall-on-Hudson; case of botanical speci- 
mens, 36 photographs, 2 vols., written 
work, handbooks; ground plan of 
buildings. 

New York School of Design for Women, 
New York; designs for wall paper, silk, 
architectural drawings, etc., 200 designs. 

New York State; educational exhibit. 

New York State Library, Albany; pub- 
lications, bulletins. 

New York State Library School, 
Albany; 59 bound vols, manuscript. 

New York State Museum, Albany; sci- 
entific publications. 

New York Trade School, New York; 
specimen work in sign painting, plumb- 
ing, stone, wood and iron work, etc. 

Niagara University, Niagara; portraits, 
class work, exercises, etc. 

Normal School, Fredonia; students' 
work in drawing, painting, etc. 

Normal College (girls), New York; stu- 
dents' work. 

North American Phonograph Co., New 
York; phonographs. 

Operti, Alberti, New York ; Arctic 
scene, tableau and painting. 

O'Shea, P., New York; text books. 

Oswego State Normal School, Oswego ; 
work of faculty and alumni. 

Oswego State Normal School, Oswego ; 
collective exhibit. 

Our Lady of Angels Academy, Elmira; 
class work. 

Our Lady of Good Council's School, 
Brooklyn ; class work and drawing. 

Our Lady of Mercy's School, Brooklyn; 
class work and drawing. 

Our Lady of Victory, West Lanaka ; 
drawing and class work. 

Parish Schools of New York city ; 
school work (25 schools). 

Packard's Business College. New York; 
work in bookkeeping, stenography, 
typewriting, etc. 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn ; shortliand 
library, etc. 



Awards ix Liberal Arts Department. 



571 



Public Schools, Albany ; high school 
Tvork. 

Public Schools, Albany : kindergarten 
Tvork, primary and grammar school 
Tvork 

Public Schools, Albion ; elementary 
and high school work. 

PubUc Schools, Buffalo; students' ■work. 
■ Public Schools, Buffalo ; primarj' and 
grammar work. 

Public Schools, Buffalo ; high school 
work. 

Pubhc Schools, Binghamton, school 
work, photographs and plans. 

Public Schools, Cohoes ; elementary 
and high school work. 

Public Schools, Lansingburg ; kinder- 
garten and elementary school work. 

Public Schools, Isew Tork ; work in 
manual training. 

Public Schools, Z^ew York : grammar 
school work. 

Public Schools, j!few Tork ; primary 
school work. 

Public Schools, Poughkeepsie ; high 
school work. 

Public Schools, Poughkeepsie ; prim- 
ary and grammar work. 

Public Schools, Port Chester ; school 
work. 

Public Schools, Rochester ; high school 
work. 

Public Schools, Rochester ; primary 
and grammar work. 

Public Schools, Syracuse ; high school. 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy; 
civil engineering theses, etc. 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy; 
bridge designs, etc. 

Ritterhoff. IMiss Amelia, Kew York ; 
pen decoration and lettering. 

Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics' 
Institute, Rochester; drawings, paint- 
ings, modehngs, etc. 

Rochester University, Rochester ; 
photographs of grounds, buildings, 
interior work. 

St. Agnes School, Albany ; school 
exhibits. 

St. Agnes Seminar}-, Brooklyn ; class 
work, map drawing, etc. 

St. Agnes School, Buffalo ; class work 
and map drawing. 

St. Alponso's School, New York; class 
work and drawings. 

St. Ann's ^lale and Female School, 
Brooklyn ; class work and m;ip drawing. 
St. Bridgets Academy, New York ; 
class work, drawing and painting. 

St. Bridget's Girls School, Kew York ; 
work in literature, mathematics, etc. 

St. Bridget'.-; 3!:ile Schor], Buffalo; 
class work and drawings. 

St. Bridget's Male School, New Yorlc ; 
work in mathematics, literature, draw- 
ings, fancy penmanship, etc. 



St. Catharine's Hall, Brooklyn ; photo 
graphs of buildings and collective exhibit, 
St. Charles Male and Female School 
Brooklyn ; class work and map drawing 
St. Elizabeth's Academy, Allegany ; 
water colors, lace, gold embroidery and 
class work. 

St. Ehzabeth's Academy, Buffalo ; class 
work. 

St. Francis' College, Brooklyn ; class 
work, etc. 

St. GJabriel's Academy, New Tork 
literature, mathematics, etc. 

St. Gabriel's Boys School, New York 
literature, drawings, etc. 

St. Gabriel's Girls School, New Tork 
class work. 

St. James' Female School, New Tork 
language, drawings, etc. 

St. James' Commercial School, Brook- 
lyn; examination papers, drawings, etc. 

St. James' JIale School, New York; 40 
vols, mathematics. 

St. Jerome's School, New Tork ; class 
work. 

St. John Evangelist School, Brooklyn ; 
class work and map drawing. 

St. Joseph's Cathedral, Buffalo ; class 
work and drawings. 

St. Joseph's Normal College, Ana walk; 
De La Salle normal manual. 

St. Joseph's Normal College, Anawalk; 
linear and free hand drawings, her- 
barium and raised map. 

St. Joseph's Normal College, Anawalk: 
text books, drawings, copy books, etc. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing 
mechanical dra'nings and paintings. 

St. Joseph's Male School, New Tork 
class work, drawings, etc. 

St. Joseph's Academy, Brooklyn; class 
work. 

St. Joseph's Academy. Buffalo; class 
work, drawings, etc. 

St. Leonard's Academy Brooklj-n; class 
work, stenography, etc. 

St. Louis 5lale School, Buffalo; EngUsh 
and German class work. 

St. Lawrence School, New Tork; class 
work. 

St. Mary's Academy, Buffalo; class 
work, 77 vols. 

St. ilary's Academy, New Tork; litera- 
ture, mathematics, history, drawings, etc. 
St. Mary's Academy, Ogdensburg; class 
work. 

St. JIary's Male School, New Tork; 
class work and drawings. 

St. 3Iary's JIale School, Tonkers; draw- 
ings and chiss work. 

St. Mary's Orphan x\syluni, Dunkirk; 
class work and drawings. 

St. Mary's School, Buffalo; class work, 
paintings, needlework, etc. 

St. Nicholas Female School, New York; 
class work and dra'wings. 



5T2 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



St. Nicholas Male School, New York; 
class work and drawings. 

St. Patrick's Academy, Brooklj'n; class 
work, mechanical drawings, etc. 

St. Patrick's Academj', Catskill; pro- 
duce map, relief maps, etc. 

St. Peter's Female School, New York; 
class work, etc. 

St. Patrick's Female School, New York; 
class work, etc. 

St. Patrick's School, Buffalo; class work 
and drawings. 

St. Paul's Male and Female School, 
Brooklyn; class work. 

St. Peter and Paul School, Brooklyn; 
class work, map drawings, etc, 

St. Peter's and Paul's School, Hamburg; 
class work, drawings, paintings, etc. 

St. Patrick's Female School, Newburg; 
copy books, class work, etc. 

St. Stephen's School, Brooklyn; class 
work, map drawings, etc. 

St. Theresa's Academy, Brooklyn; class 
work, drawings, etc. 

St. Theresa's Male School, New York; 
map drawings, 100 vols, class work. 

St. Thomas Aquinas Academy, Brook- 
l3'n; class work. 

St. Vincent's Academy for Young La- 
dies, New Yorlc; class work, literature, 
craj^ons, etc. 

St. Vincent de Paul's Academ}', Brook- 
lyn; class work and mechanical drawings. 

St. Vincent Ferrers School, New York; 
class work, drawings, etc. 

St. Vincent Ind. School, Utica; class 
work and letters. 

St. Vincent's Orphanage and Industrial 
School, Butlalo; embroidery, fancy work, 
photographs, etc. 

Sach's (Dr.) School, New York; text 
books, school work. 

Sacred Heart School, Buffalo; class 
work, map drawing; 1 ivory cross, carved; 
1 picture. 

Sacred Heart Academy, Westchester; 
work in Latin, Greek, mathematics, etc. 

Sacred Heart Institute, Brooklj'n; 10 
vols, class work and map drawings. 

Sacred Heart High School, Buffalo; 
class work, 38 vols. 

Sadlier, Wm. W., New York; te.xt 
books. 



Seven Dolor's School, Buffalo; class 
work, drawings, paintings and needle- 
work. . 

State Normal School, Buffalo; students' 
work. 

State of New York, Albany; Normal 
school system, 

Steiger, E., New York; text books. 

Syracuse State Institute for Feeble- 
minded Children, Syracuse; exhibit of 
methods employed in institute. 

St. Stephen's School, New York; class 
work and drawing. 

St. John's Prote'ctory and Asylum, "West 
Seneca; industrial work, class work and 
sewing. 

School of Sisters of Notre Dame, New 
York; class work and language. 

St. Joseph's School, New York; class 
work, maps, drawings and photographs. 

Teachers' College, New York; photo- 
graphs 3 buildings, 30 interiors, manual 
training exhibit, sewing course. 

Thiry, John Henry, Long Island City; 
statistics and reports. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; medals, 
cartoons and sketches. 

Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New 
York; studies, sketches and cartoons for 
glass. 

University of the City of New York, 
New York; specimens, diplomas and 
scholarships. 

University of the State of New York, 
Albany; university work, etc., adminis- 
trative department, forms, etc., 29 vols., 
3,000 photographs; examinations, 300 
vols., 3,000 papers; university extension, 
comparative exhibit, syllabi, 

Vassar College, Poughkeepsie; photo- 
graphs of grounds, buildings, interiors, 
work. 

Visitation Academy, Brooklyn; paint- 
ings, class work, etc. 

Visitation Convent, Brooklyn; 4 paint- 
ings. 

Visitation School, Brooklyn; class work 
and drawings. 

Weil's (Mrs. Leopold) School, New 
York; 1 case sewing. 

Workingman's School, New York; 
photographs of school buildings, interiors 
— collective. 



GEOUP 160. LITEKATUEE, LIBEAEIES, JOUENALISM 



American Bank Note Co., New York; 
bank note engraving, etc. 

American Book Co., New York; histojy 
of American people. 

American Library Association, Albany; 
library blanks, books, etc. 

American Librarj' Association, Albany; 
comparative library architecture. 

American Library Association, Albany; 
model town library of 5,000 vols. 



American Litliographing Co., New 
York; art and commercial lithographs 

Appleton, Daniel, & Co., New York; 
books, art works, etc. 

Armstrong, Margaret M., New York; 
book covers. 

Bardeen, C. W., Syracuse; school pub- 
lications, maps, etc. 

Bouaventure, E. F., New York; hooks, 
binding, etc. 




1- 

O 



o 

Qi. 



'J 



< 

at 



Awards in Liberal Arts Department. 



573 



Bonaventure, E. F., Kew York; rare 
books ami line bindings. 

Britaunica Pub. Co., New York; books. 

Century Co., New York; books, maga- 
zines, drawings, etc. 

Coibj' & Co., New York; historical 
charts. 

Columbia College, New York; library 
book shelving. 

Duprat & Co., New York; books. 

Fishol, Adler & Schwartz, New York; 
engravings, etchings, etc. 

Free Library of General Society of 
Mechanics and Tradesmen of New York, 
New York; library charging sj'steni. 

Funk & AVagnals, New York; English 
dictionary. 

General Society Mechanics and Manu- 
facturers, New York; books and cata- 
logues. 

Harper Bros., New York; miscellaneous 
books, etc. 

Hubbard, H. F., New Y'ork; newspaper 
directory. 

Judd, Orange, Co., New York; books 
and periodicals. 

Kellogg, E. L., & Co., New York; school 
books, charts, etc. 

Lieber, B. Franklin, New York; tele- 
graphic cipher. 

Lovell, A., & Co., New York; school 
books, charts and appliances. 

McI)owell & Co.. New York; fashion 
journals. 

Manning, Thomas, New York; Ameri- 
can yacht list. 

Manufacturers' Pub. Co., New York; 
reference book. 



Marks, Montague, New York; draw- 
ings and process of illustrating maga- 
zines. 

Morse, j\Iiss Alice, Brooklyn; four 
cards, book covers. Harper Bros. 

Moss Engraving Co., New York; en- 
gravings. 

New York State Library, Albany; li- 
brary book shelving. 

New York State Librar3', Albany; books 
and catalogues. 

New York State Museum, Albany; re- 
lief map of State of New York. 

Ottman, J., New York; com. and color 
lithographic work. 

Ottman, J., New York; chromolitho- 
graphic reproduction of tine art water 
color and oil paintings. 

Packard, S. S., New York; text books. 

Radtke, Lauckner & Co,, New York 
etchings and engravings. 

Seeger-Guernsey Co. (The), New York 
cyclopedia of manufactures and products, 

Schedler, Herman, New York; geo 
graphical globes. 

SchoU, Bruno, Brooklyn; show j)osters 
printed from pine wood. 

Scribner's, Charles, Sons, New York; 
manuscripts, magazines, -etc. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; illuminations 
on parchment paper. 

Tiffany & Co. , New York; copper and 
steel engraving, stamping, illuminating, 
etc. 

Wester velt, A. B. & W. T., New York; 
library book shelving. 

Wood, Wm., & Co., New York; medi- 
cal hooks. 



GROUP 151. INSTRUMENTS OF PKECISION AND EXPERIMENT; 



PHOTOGRAPHY. 



Albertype Co., New Y'ork; albertypes. 

American Aristotype Co., Jamestown; 
American aristotypes. 

Anthony, E. & H. T., New York; pho- 
tographic apparatus. 

Bates Mfg. Co. , New York; numbering 
machine. 

Bausch &Lomb Optical Co., Rochester; 
optical goods. 

Breese, Jas. H., New York; photo- 
graphs. 

Brooks, E. J., & Co., New York; post- 
office stamps. 

Dana, E. C, New York; photographs. 

EastmaruKodak Co., Rochester; photo- 
graphic goods. 

Gerry, J. H., New York; astronomical 
. regulator. 

Gundlach Optical Co., Rochester; pho- 
tographs, lenses, microscopic goods, mi- 
croscopic stands. 



I Gurlcy, W. & L. E., Troy; surveying 
and engineering instruments. 

Heinrich, H. H., New York; chronome- 
ters. 

Heinrich, H. H., New York; marine 
chronometers. 

Keuffel & Esser, New York; surveying 
instruments. 

Kurtz, W., New York; artistic photo- 
graphic reproduction from nature. 

Kurtz, W., New York; azaline photo- 
graphs. 

McAllister, T. H., New York; stereop- 
ticons, magic lanterns, etc. 

McMichael, H., Buffalo; photographs. 

Pach Bros.. New York; photographs, 
portraits, landscapes, etc. 

Photo. jNIaterial Co., Rochester; photo- 
graphic apparatus. 

Self Winding Clock Co., New York; 
self- winding astronomical regulators. 



574 



J^EW ToEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



GEOUP 152. CIVIL ENGINEEEING, PUBLIC AVOEKS, AECHITECTUEE. 



Baron, Hemy, New York; Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad Co. 

Dormitzer, Mrs. Henry, New York; 
window cleaning chair and platforms. 

Emmet, L. F., New York; designs and 
drawings. 

Giflord, Chas. Ailing, New York; New 
Jersey State Building. 

Gilbert, Bradford L. , New York; New 
York Central Railroad Building. 



Hunt, R. M., New York; Administra- 
tion Building. 

McKim, Mead & White, New York, 
New York State Building. 

McKim. Mead & White, New York; 
White Star Line Building. 

McKim, Mead & White, New York; 
Puck Building. 

Post, Geo. B. , New York; Manufac- 
tures and Liberal Arts Building. 

Wilson, Jas.G.jNew York; shutters, etc. 



GEOUP 153. 



GOVEENMENT 

New 



AND LAW. 



New York House of Refuge, Randalls 
Island; samples of school and industrial 
work. 

United States Trade Mark Association, 
New York; trade marks and labels. 



American Philatelic Association, 
York; collection of stamps. 

Cutler Manufacturing Co., Rochester; 
mail chutes and boxes. 

International Postal Supply Co., New 
York; machine for stamping and cancel- 
ing envelopes. 

GEOUP 154. COMMEECE, TEADE AND BANKING. 

New York Life Insurance Co., New York; theory of life insurance by charts, 
pyramids, etc. 

GEOUP 155. INSTITUTIONS AND OEGANIZATIONS FOE THE DIFFUSION OF 

KNOWLEDGE. 



Dodge, Miss Grace, New York; work- 
ing girls' association. 

Grider, Rufus, New York; a collection 
of water color drawings of historic powder 
horns. 

New York State Board of Women Man- 
agers, Albany; loan collection of bureau 
of applied arts. 



New York State Board of Women Man- 
agers, Albany; folios of literary club. 

New York State Board of Women Man- 
agers, Albany; folios of articles of the 
press. 

New York State Board of Women Man- 
agers, Albany; library, 3,500 vols. 



GEOUP 156. SOCIAL AND INDUSTEIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 



Afro-American Woman's exhibit (J. 
Imogen Howard), New York; embroidery. 

Charity organizations, Buffalo; penny 
saving fund. 



Independent Order of Treue Schwes- 
tern, New York; charts showing results. 

Sisters of Personal Service, New York; 
charts showing scope. 



GEOUP 157. EELIGIOUS OEGANIZATIONS. 



American Bible Society. New York, 
bibles and testaments. 

American Tract Society, New York; 
evangelical publications. 

Methodist Book Concern, New York; 
publications of the Methodist church. 



National Temperance Society and Pub- 
lishing House, New York; books, publi- 
cations, etc. 

Seventh Day Baptist denomination, 
Alfred Center; books, papers, etc. 



GROUP 158. MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTEUMENTS. 



Automatic Piano Co., New York; 
pianos and automatic attachments. ' 

Bacon, Francis, New York; pianos. 

Behr Bros. & Co., New York; pianos. 

Boardman & Gray, Albany; pianos. 

Coleman, Henry, New York and Phila- 
delphia; brass musical instruments, 

Dolge, Alfred, & Sons, New York; 
sound boards, English felt for polishing. 



piano cases, 



hammer felts, board and 
piano and organ felts. 

Estey Piano Co., New York; pianos. 

Fischer, J. & C, New York; pianos. 

Foot, ,1, Howard, New York and 
Chicago; Badger Bochm flutes. 

Foot, J Howard, New York and Chi- 
cago; collective exhibit band instru- 
ments. 



Awards in Liberal Aets BizrAETiiENT. 



575 



Foot, J. Howard, New York iuid Chi- 
cago; jruitnrs .sucl mnmlolius. 

Freidrich. John, it Bro., >;ew York; 
violins, violas, etc. 

Gemunder, Augustus. & Sons, New 
York; violins, etc. 

Hardman, Peck <& Co., New York; 
pianos. 

Hrtrtniann Bros. & Keinhard, New York; 
musical instruments. 

Hays, Harriet H., Chicago and New 
York; musical compositions. 

Jacob Bros., New York; pianos. 

Kranich i Bach, New York; pianos. 

ilannello, Angelo, New York; mando- 
lins and mandelas. 



Jlenecly (Clinton H.) Bell Co., Troy; 
chiming bells. 

Rogers, Jos., Jr., Ilighview; banjo and 
drum heads. 

Sohmer i Co., New York; pianos. 

Schubert Piano Co., New York; pianos 

Strauch Bros., New York; jiiano actions, 

Waterloo Organ Co., "Waterloo; pianos, 

Wegman it Co., Auburn; pianos. 

TVessell, Nickel & Gross, New York 
piano actions. 

Zimmerman, C. T., & Co., Dolgeville 
violins. 

Zimmerman, C. T., & Co., Dolgeville 
autoharps. 

Zimmerman, C. T. , & Co., Dolgeville 
new system of music. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully 
compared with the records in this department and is correct. 

J. H. McGIBBONS, 

Per J. B. S.. 
Chief iif Department of Liberal Arts. 



AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS 
DEPARTMENT M, ETHNOLOGY. 



IN 



Agassiz Association, New York; book 
to illustrate a MSS. Geological map of 
New York city and vicinity. 

American Museum of Natural History, 
New York; plans and view of the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural Histor}^. 

Catlin. Mrs. Louise; pictures of Indian 
life. 

De Potter, Armand, Albany; collection 
of Egyptian antiquities. 

Felt & Tarrant Mfg. Co.; comptometer. 

Hart, William W., & Co.; taxidermy. 

Kuarnerd & Harrow; "The Manufac- 
tures of the United States." 

Kunz, George, with Tiffauy & Co., 
New York; precious stones and minerals 
with folklore significance. 

Lattin, F. H., & Co., Albion; t3'pical 
collection of N. A. birds showing manner 
of nesting; naturalists' supplies. 

State of New York. Albany; Iroquois 



village of bark houses, mammals, land 
shells, fresh water shells, colonial exhibit, 
historical collection. 

Robeson, j\Irs. Wm. R., Albany; large 
sized drawing of coat of arms of 
Columbus. 

Tieman, George, & Co.; apparatus for 
athletics. 

Tiffany & Co., New York; archaeological 
collections. 

Ward, Henrj' A., Rochester; papier 
mache model of human body. 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 
Rochester; Pueblo de Taos, paleontology, 
cases, invertebrate zoologj' (comparative), 
paleontology, vertebrate zoology (com- 
parative). 

Webb's Adder Co. ; Webb's adder. 

Zoaring, H. H. ; bronze relief portrait 
of Columbus. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- 
pared with the records of this department and is correct. 

H. W. CANNON, 
February 19, 1894. Chief of Department of Ethnology. 



^ 



AWAPiDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN 
DEPARTMENT N, FORESTRY. 



GEOCP 19. 



Jessup, Morris K., Xew York; collection 
of forest botanical T\-oods. 

Hough, Roraeyn B., Lowville; folio col- 
lection of American woods. 



State of New York; collection of tree 
sections, jiliotographs, etc. 

United Indurated Fibre Co., Lockport; 
pails. 



The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully 
compared with the records in this department and is correct. 

J. S. BROWNING. 
March 21, 1894. Chief of Department of Agriculture in Charge of Forestry. 



73 



FIMNCIAL REPORT. 



By GEORGE S. STEVENS. 



Appropriations : under chapter 236, Laws of 1892, $300,000; chapter 188, LaTvs of 
1893. §800,000. 

Special appropriation for Board of Women Managers, chapter 726, Laws of 1893, 
110,000. 

Bills audited by the Commission were itemized and verified, with vouchers 
attached, as directed by letter of the Comptroller and bj' circular of instructions 
issued by the chief executive officer. (See Assembl}- Document No. 70, 1893.) 

Bills of each judicial district commission were approved by two of the three dis- 
trict commissioners, and bills in each exhibit were certified by the head of that 
department. 

All bills paid, with vouchers attached, are on file in the office of the Comptroller. 

In response to a resolution of the Assembly an itemized cash account report was 
made to the date of 3Iarch 20, 1893, and pursuant to chapter 236, Laws of 1892, sec- 
tion 5, an itemized account of all expenditures up to May 2, 1893, inclusive, was 
filed in the office of the Comptroller. 

The members of the Board of General Managers and of the Judicial District Com- 
missions served -ivithout salary, but were allowed traveling and other necessary 
expenses when in actual service of the State 

EXPENDITURES. 

1892. 
April 20. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses .... 
29. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. . . . 
Louis M. Howland, general manager, traveling exjienses. . . . 

4. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 

5. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, April 
18-30 

Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, expenses 

John Foord, secretary, salary, April 19 to May 2 

John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 

18. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 

28. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. . . . 
John Boj'd Thacher, general manager, traveling expenses... . 

John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 

Gorton W. Allen, general manager, expenses to April 30 ... . 

Gorton W. Allen, general manager, expenses to May 26 

Louis M. Howland, general manager, traveling expenses, 

Chicago, April 28 to May 26 

June 2. John Foord, secretarj-, salary. May 3-31 

8. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, May. . .. 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 

10. L. M. Howland, traveling expenses, Chicago 

John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses, Washington, D. C. 
16. G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary. May 21 to June 15. . . 
18. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, paid transpor- 
tation bills, etc., general managers and district commis- 
sioners and officers to Chicago and return 

20. John T. Norton, commissioner, 3d di.strict, traveling expenses. 

28. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, paid bills 

of postage, stationery, books, office supplies, expenses, etc. 

29. Henry Bradley, labor bill, trees for Forestry Building 

30. John Foord, secretary, salary, June 



§41 


27 


32 


37 


121 


28 


35 


34 


192 


30 


25 


96 


115 


38 


37 


50 


41 


67 


58 


80 


51 


30 


45 


00 


36 60 


61 


80 


218 


50 


234 


63 


416 


66 


82 


42 


188 53 


54 80 


85 48 


,200 35 


15 


15 


109 30 


429 55 


250 00 



FiXAXClAL EePOET. 5T9 

Jiine 30. P. T. TVaU, clerk, salary. April 2S to June lo, $311.33; trav- 
eling expenses, §40.35 §353 68 

Sessions & Sessions, legal services, contracts, etc. (State 

Building) 200 00 

Footing to July, 1893 §4,736 11 

Jul5- 1. Donald ^[cXaugbton, chief executive officer, salarv, June. . . 416 68 
Clara E. Brown, stenographer, general managers, May 3-14. 30 00 
AValter L. Sessions, general manager, expenses, June 9-29.. . 79 40 
Henry Stowell, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expen- 
ses, April 28 to June 2'i 54 66 

AYm. II. Rowe, Jr., commissioner, 3d district, expenses 13 45 

Wm. S. Kimball, commissioner, 7th district, expenses 38 54 

George S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary and expenses. . . . 159 46 
Edwin C. Cook, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expen- 
ses, April 19 to June 6 44 00 

8. James "W. Tapjiin, commissioner, 1st district, traveling 

expenses. Chicago, "Washington, etc 127 30 

Richard Delafield. commissioner, 1st district, traveling expen- 
ses, Chicago, Washington, etc 223 29 

Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, bills paid for 

expenses in General, "Women's and various district boards. 528 23 
11. Florence C. Ives, chief officer, "Women's Board, salarj' to June 

30. s;133.33; expenses, 82.84 136 17 

^linnie A. Parks, stenographer. May 9 to June 30 88 67 

Anna M. Parks, stenographer, JIay"l to June 30 103 00 

Ida Y. Burch, stenographer, jlay 23 to June 30 73 00 

"W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 12 15 

15. P. T. Wall, clerk, salary account, $200; expenses, |14.55... 214 55 

16. W. B. Mattice, commissioner, 3d district, expenses and bills. 28 06 

19. W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses, Jul)- 13. 36 14 

Charles H. Derrick, clerk, salary, :\ray 16'to June 30 93 00 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses, Jul)' 19. 30 69 

H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, .May 28 to July 1. . 112 90 

20. John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses, Washington, D. C. Ill 61 

L. jNI. Hovrland, general manager, expenses, June 7-19 64 76 

('has. :M. Lang, official seal of Board of General jManagers. . . 90 00 
Jas. W. Tappin, commissioner and treasurer, 1st district, to 

pay sundr_v bills of salaries of office force from .June 1 to 
.Julv 1, §387.34; bills of rent, advertising, office expenses, 

81. 060.57 ; bills for office furniture and littings, §588.85. . . 3,036 76 

21. H. S. Estcoiirt, clerk, 4th district, bills for salaries of stenog- 

rapher, '§40; printing, office furniture and supplies, etc. . . . 145 38 
S6. Donald !McXaugliton. chief officer, .salaiies of clerk and sten- 
ographer, 7th district, to .Tune 30, .8199.33; notary's bill, §3. 302 33 
Gorton W Allen, gen'l manager, expenses. May 31 to July 19. 107 46 

Footing to August, 1892. .. . : §10,134 64 

Aug. 1. Clias. C. Van Kirk, clerk, 6th district, salary to Junel, §33.33, 

and expenses, §13.3!) 45 63 

2. Donald McNaughtou, chief executive officer, bills of Board of 

Women JIanagers, official trij), Cliicago, M. C. R. K 376 78 

John Foord, secretary, salary, July 250 00 

3. Ida Y. Burch, stenographer, salarj', July, General Board. ... 56 00 

4.' W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 37 80 

5. !J[cKim, Mead <k, White, architec's' commission on New 

York State Building. Chicago. 2 1-2 per cent, $77,600 1,940 00 

Ann.'i I. Jennyss, stenographer, Wcmien's Board, and expenses. 19 05 
.John Boyd Thacher, general manager, traveling expenses, 

April 31 to June 17 106 35 

.1. S. Lang, rubber stamps 2 85 

Photo. Clu-ome Engraving Co., engraving of State Building. . 11 00 

Donald JlcXaughton, cluef executive officer, salary, July.". . 416 67 

Anna 31. Parks, stenographer. General Board, salary, Jid)-. . 50 00 

Minnie A. Parks, stenographer, General Board, salary, .lulV.. 50 00 

C. H. Derrick, clerk. General Board, salarv, Julv .."... 70 00 



580 JSTew York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 

Aug. 5. Florence C. Ives, chief officer, Women's Board, salarj', July. 

Albany News Co., office supplies 

9. Henry Stowell, printing bill, 7th district 

National Express Co., amount for June 

Scrantom, Wetmore & Co., stationer}' and printing 

10. Hudson Valley Paper Co. . stationery 

American Express Co., bill for May 

R. G. Dun & Co., lists of manufacturers, 3d district 

Western Union Telegraph Co., bills of Women's Board, June, 

General Board of May and July, §8.70, §12.45 and §39.05. . 

11. Saratoga Sun, printing, 4th district 

W. B. Kirk, rent, 5th district, June and Jul)' 

Lena P. Bennett, clerk, acting, June and Julj' 

Moser & Lj'on, stationery bill, 5th district 

Hall & McChesney, printing hill, 5th district 

John Foord, secretary, expenses, Washington, July 20-30.. 

W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, July 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, July 

Lang Rubber Stamp Works 

G. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary account 

Post-Express Printing Co., printing, Maj' 25 to June 15 

National Express Co. , bill, July 

R. M. Meyer & Co., stationery, April 26 to August 6 

Donald McNaughton, printing bill, 5th district 

12. John i\I. Fake, assistant clerk, 4th district, salary, July 

S. £. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary, July. . . . 

Western Union Telegraph Co., bill for June 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill for JNIay 

Margaret Tomes, salary to August 1, §41.67; traveling and 

other expenses, .|20.90 

13. H. S. Escourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, July, §100; travel- 

ing and other expenses, $28.61 

16. Florence C. Ives, office supplies. Women's Board, expenses. . 

Syracuse Journal, advertising account, 5th district ■ 

News Publishing Co. , Syracuse, advertising, 5th district .... 

Coin-ier Printing Co. , Syracuse, advertising, 5th district 

The Herald Co. , Sj'racuse, advertising, 5th district 

W. H. Benjamin, office expenses, 7th district 

17. W. L. Se.ssions, traveling expenses 

19. P. D. Shea, typewriter (Yost) and supplies 

Geo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, office supplies 

Geo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary accoimt 

Peter Paul & Bro. , stationery, 8th district 

Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, 8th district, two months, to 

August 1, $70; janitor, !i2.50 

Halblant & Philcox, lettering. 8tli district, office 

F. C. Manning, stationery. General and Women's Board 

Metropolitan "Telephone and Telegraph Co., bill, 1st district, 

June and July 

F. W. Maxson, rubber stamps 

' American Express Co. , bill. .Tune and Jul)- 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill. .June and .July 

R. H. Thurston, commissioner, 6th district, expenses 

, W. i-t J. Sloane, rugs, 1st district, office 

Louis M. Howland, general manager, traveling expenses, 

Chicago, Jul)' 20 to August 11 

Donald JIcNaughton, bill for telegraphing; vouchers 

1 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, paid expenses of 

committee of Women's Board, Chicago trip; vouchers .... 
The Argus Co., printing.'General and eight district boards. . 
The Argus Co., printing, June 3 to July 25, General, 

Women and district boards 

The Argus Co., printing, June 23-80, Women's Board 

The Argus Co , printing, July 7-25, Women's Board 

20. P. T. Wall, .salary account, $200; postage, etc., paid, §10.35. 
John H, Larkin, salary to August 18 



§166 66 


49 


50 


24 


00 


6 


35 


164 


23 


4 88 


12 


97 


80 00 


60 


20 


5 


00 


60 00 


150 


00 


28 


88 


34 


75 


87 


63 


100 


00 


50 


00 


1 


00 


120 


00 


68 


25 


1 


95 


81 


35 


43 


00 


53 00 


35 00 


82 40 


9 


72 


63 57 


128 61 


28 


01 


25 50 


20 00 


6 00 


16 50 


15 


05 


46 23 


103 


30 


4 87 


100 


00 


3 


73 


72 


50 


7 


50 


206 


60 


41 


10 


3 50 


26 57 


6 


33 


27 


00 


68 


68 


160 


74 


10 


65 


122 


55 


78 00 


195 


30 


140 


80 


IS 


25 


210 35 


37 


50 




o 
o 

X 

u 

Q 
< 

ai 

o 
>- 



111 

2: 



FixAxciAL TJepoet. 581 

A-Ug. 23. John Pbillips, clerk. 2d district, salary, May 28 to July 31 . . 
Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, Istdist., salary, June 26 to July 31. 
Geo. Xiedhardt. clerk, 1st dist., salary, June 28 to Aug. 23. 

T. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary. June and July 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st dist., salary, June 30 to Aug. 20 
Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, salary, July 2 to August 13. . 
W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, salary, Juiie 2-30.. 

Brooklyn Citizen, advertising, 2d district 

Brooklyn Daily Times (Peters & Co.), advertising, 2d district. 

Brooklyn Freie Presse, advertising, 2d district 

Brooklyn Standard Union, advertising, 2d district 

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, printing, advertising, 2d dist., June 6. 
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, advertising. June 14-21, 2d district . . 
Wm. Schwarzwaelder & Co. , office desks, furniture, 2d district. 

Henry Siebert, commissioner, postage, 2d district 

Fulton Sign Co., signs, 2d district 

Rapid Addressing Machine Co., 2d district, June 24 

Rapid Addressing Machine Co., 1st district, June 30 

Geo. P. Rowell Adv. Co., advertising contract, 2d district. . . 

Thomas Cassin. office, 2d district, linoleum 

John M. Bahvinkle, office supplies, 2d district, June 24 

John M. Bahvinkle, office supplies, 2d district, June 20 

Pusey ifc Troxell, office supplies, 1st district, June 1-29 

L. B. Tupper, janitor and supplies, 1st district. July 1 

T. .J. Whitney, commissioner, 4th district, traveling expenses. 

R. G. Dun ic Co., list manufacturers, 4th district 

Hinman & Bolton, signs, 5th district 

L"tica Daily Press, advertising, 5th district 

Smith Premier Typewriting Co., furniture, 5th district 

C. W, Sears, office supplies. 6th district 

Binghamtou Leader Publishing Co.. printing. 6th district.. . . 

"Union & Advertiser Co., printing. General Board 

Edwin C. Cook, commissioner, Tth district, traveling expenses. 

W. H. Benjamin, clerk, Tth district, office expenses 

Y. M. Burlc}-, caligraph, Tth district 

Cyrus Strong, rent, 6th district, June 

B. S. Curran, Jr., stenographer, 6th dist., June 20 to July 1. 

C. D. Barnes, janitor, 6th district, May and Jtuie 

Elbridge Gay, lock, 6th district 

Chas. E. Morris, office supplies. Tth district 

E. E. Bausch & Son. advertising lecture. Tth district 

W. W. Rundel, picture frames, Tth district 

Estate M. F. Reynolds, rent, Tth district 

Whittle Bros., decorating assembly parlor. Women's Board. . 
Capital District Telegraph Co., ser\'ice, May, June and July. 

American Express Co., bill, July 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co.. bills. June and July 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, AVomen's Board, expenses and bills. 
Hudson River Telephone Co.. bill of ilay, June and Jul}'. . . 

Recorder Publisliing Co.. advertising, .5th district 

J. L. Kyne, East Syracuse Xews, advertising, oth district. ... 
J. Coughlan. Watertown Herald, advertising, oth district... . 
Brockway & Son, Watertown Times, advertising, 6th district. 
Beers & Kessinger. Rome Sentinel, advertising, 5th district. . 

27. Consolidated Transfer Co., carriage account, Women's Board. 
Donald McXaughton, salary bills, Istdist. , week ending Aug. 6. 
Donald ilcXaushton, expenses of committees. Women's Board. 
Geo. Tomes, clerk. 1st district. August 13-20 

C. S. & G. C. Lester, lega; services, contract Women's Board. 
30. Courier Co., Buffaiv printing. June 11-15, 8th district 

-Peter Paul & Bro., office supplies, 8ta district 

F. Todd Patterson, travellig e-xpensos. Women's Board 

D. & 5L Cbauncey Co., rent, second district office, June 15 to 
August 1 - 

Brooklyn Dai'/ Eagle, printing. 2d district 

George' T. I? nson, ptctiu'e frames, Sth district 



§234 03 


248 65 


21 00 


400 00 


130 00 


125 00 


16 00 


22 50 


18 00 


18 00 


18 00 


117 30 


23 00 


2T3 50 


40 00 


46 62 


19 85 


5T 00 


106 75 


73 5C' 


15 85 


23 63 


92 11 


30 40 


109 93 


75 00 


3 00 


1 50 


30 00 


21 60 


131 25 


39 00 


50 30 


36 45 


25 00 


31 50 


25 00 


10 00 


3 10 


9 81 


26 00 


4 60 


18 50 


25 00 


6 93 


9 55 


63 80 


30 38 


50 83 


5 94 


5 60 


9 00 


23 00 


13 .50 


19 .50 


58 00 


114 87 


25 00 


15 00 


43 28 


3 40 


34 15 


166 67 


14 50 


10 00 



5S2 N'EW ToEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Aug. 30. H. I. Knickerbocker, dra-wing, Women's Board |10 00 

Oswego Publishmg Co., advertising, 5tb. district 41 00 

Footing to September, 1893 §30,619 41 

Sept. 3. Hemy Eomeilve, press records 8 55 

George S. Stevens, cleric, 3d district, salary account. §130; 

bills paid, $1.46 131 46 

P. T. Wall, clerk, salary account, §100; expenses, $11.75 111 75 

R. Fleming, boy, salary, July 4 to August 31 35 00 

I. V. Burcb, stenographer, salary, August 60 00 

John Foord, secretary, salary, August 350 00 

Anna I. Jennj^ss, stenographer, saltuy. Women's Board 40 00 

Florence C. Ives, chief olflcer, salary. Women's Board 166 66 

John H. Larkin, clerk, salary to August 31 30 36 

T. F. Farreir, clerk, 3d district, salary, August 300 00 

John Phillips, clerk, 3d district, salary, August 135 00 

Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, bill, salary account. . 50 00 

P. J. Cuskley, rent of office, 1st district 300 00 

8. AVm. H. Burtis, printing. General Board 3 00 

Brandow Printing Co., printing. General Board 7 40 

H. O'Neill & Co., office fittings. Women's Board 69 93 

Kapid Addressing Machine Co., labor, 8th district 10 00 

E. C. Bridgman, State map, judicial districts 15 00 

National Express Co., bill for August 8 59 

P. J. Cuskley, office rent. Women's Board, to. September 1. . 56 43 

Hudson Eiver Telephone Co., bill for August 13 54 

Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salar}^ August. . 416 67 

John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salaiy, ust 54 00 

S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district lary, August. . 30 00 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, August 50 00 

W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, August 100 00 

Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, August 6-31 35 00 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, August 30-81 . . 30 00 

Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, salary, August 30-31 37 50 

Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, office bills, to August 39. 38 40 

Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, for August 308 38 

R. B. Hough, traveling expenses. Forestry 87 36 

H. Koons, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. ... 43 87 

H. W. Box, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. . . 43 87 | 
Margaret Tomes, clerk. Women's Board, salary, $103.33, and 

bills paid, §15.08 117 41 ' 

G. T. Smith, traveling expenses, 8th district 28 58 

H. S. Estcourt, 4th district, salary, §100, August; bills, §36.03. 136 03 

F. O. Howard, 6th district, salary, $75, August; bills, $11.15. 86 15 
13., Minnie A. Parks, stenographer, salary, August 50 00 

Anna M. Parks, stenographer, salary, August 50 00 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 39 33 

E. C. Stanton, 1st district, office expenses, July 43 14 

C. W. Sears, 6th district, office supplies 33 50 

Juliet Corson, traveling expenses. Women's Board 17 75 

Courier Printing Co., Syracuse, 5th district, advertising 1 50 

Moser & Lyon Co., Syracuse, 5th district, office supplies. ... 1 45 

The Argus Co., printing, August 3-30, Women's Board 47 00 

The Argus Co., printing, August 1-35, General Board 134 45 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, traveling expenses 17 95 

Hall & McChesney, envelopes, 5th district 3 35 

Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, traveling expenses, Women's Board .... 35 93 

Boyd Directory Co., book , 3 50 

Utica Daily Press Co., advertising, .5th district 31 35 

C. W. Clare, Watertown R^-Union, advertising, 5th district. . 10 00 

P. E. Kelly, Utica Sunday Tribune, advertising, 5th district. 10 00 

Lena P. Bennett, clerk, salary for August 100 00 

American Express Co., bill for August, Women's Board 6 18 

F. D. Shea, typewriter supplies 15 50 

American Express Co. , bill. General Board ..... 36 38 

Cyrus Strong, rent of office, 6th district, July and August. . . 50 00 



Financial Ebpoet. 583 

SeDt. 13. H. Duffy, commissioner, 6th district, traveling expenses §66 86 

F. J. Root, 6tli district, office lighting 9 15 

Donald McNaughton, paid twelve bills, in General, Dairy 

and Indian Boards 236 00 

Donald ^ilciSraughton, paid six hills, AVomen's Board 153 63 

Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, office, 8th district, August. 40 00 

W. B. Kirk, office, 5th district, rent, August 30 00 

National Press Intelligence Co., press records. Women's 

Board 5 30 

W. T. Ransom, commissioner, Sth district, traveling expenses. 73 65 

Heniy Stowell, commissioner, Tth district, traveling expenses. 51 49 

H. Romeike, press records 5 79 

14. Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment on State Building 24,000 00 

20. Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, expenses. Women's Board 37 66 

J. Imogen Howard, expenses. Women's Board 17 05 

C. P. Pentield, office stationery, 4th district 6 65 

F. L. Underhill, clerk. Agricultural Bureau, salary, August. 125 00 

Standard PubUshing Co., advertising, 5th district 44 40 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill for August 11 48 

Fire Extinsuisher Manufacturing Co., extinguishers for New 

York State Building 300 00 

Western Union Telegraph Co., bill for August 53 85 

John H. Larkin, clerk, salary, September 1-15 37 50 

Mrs. George Waddington, traveling expenses 28 75 

Smith & Clonney, frames, etc., 6th district 8 20 

McElroy & Fancher, furniture, 6th district 7 50 

C. D. Barnes, janitor, July and August, 6th district 20 00 

G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, July 15 to September 

1, §150, and bills, 54.02 154 02 

B. S. Curran, clerk. 6th district, salary, July and August, 

§150, and bills, §10.15 160 15 

Josiah ShuU, traveling expenses. Dairy 6 68 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 7 60 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board 18 65 

Palladium Printing Co., advertising, oth district 49 00 

Utica Deutsche Zeitung Co. , advertising, Sth district 18 00 

C. W. :iMiller, livery account, Sth district 3 00 

30. F. 0. Howard, Oth dist., salary, Aug. §83.33; expenses, §13.60.. 96 93 

Frances T. Patterson, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . . 18 10 

Mrs. W. J. Averell, traveUng expenses. Women's Board 15 84 

Emily Huntington, traveling expenses. Women's Board 9 85 

Geo. Tonics, clerk, 1st district, salarj', September 1-24 87 59 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, September 24. 70 00 

Wm. Green, clerk, fst district, salary, September 34 35 00 

Geo. Neidhardt. boy. 1st district, salary, September 24 10 50 

Columbian Celebration Committee, New York city 10,000 00 

IVIrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, Women's Board. 7 10 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, Women's Board 13 00 

Eastman Kodak Co., photographs 30 50 

Donald McNaughton, eleven bills paid 103 96 

John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 40 00 

Footing to October, 1893 §60,700 12 

Oct. 4. Florence C. Ives, Women's Board, salary, September, 

§166.66; expenses, §13.40 179 06 

G. S. Stevens, 3d district, salary §120; bills paid, §11.31 131 31 

John Foord, secretarj% salary, September 250 00 

Donald McNaughton, September salarj' 416 66 

John Larkin, clerk, September 16-30, salary 37 50 

Mrs. Ralph Trautman, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . 8 45 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, travehng expenses. Women's Board. 7 95 

D. & M. Chauncey Co., office rent, 2d district, September. . . 66 67 
P. J. Cusklev. agent, rent office, September, Women's Board. 83 33 
Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment New York State Building. . . . 17,650 00 

John Phillips, clerk, 2d district, salary to October 1 137 09 

Thos. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary to October 1 300 00 



584: Kew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Oct. 4. New York and New Jersey Telex^houe Co., 2d district, three. 

mouths to September 30 $42 93 

TifEanj' & Co., engraving and stationery, 1st district office. . . 255 00 

American Telephone Booth Co., teleplionc booth, 1st district. 151 60 

5. Minnie A. Parlis, stenographer, salarj', September 52 00 

Anna M. Parlis, stenographer, salary, September 53 00 

I. V. Burch, stenographer, salary, September 54 00 

Anna I. Jenny ss, stenographer, salary, Women's Board. ... 50 00 

Miss M. 31. Love, traveling expenses. Women's Board 36 30 

Harper & Bros., printing pictures. New York State Building. 85 00 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, September 50 00 

Wm. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, September. . . . 100 00 

F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agriculture, salary, September 125 00 

James Wood, traveling expenses. Agriculture and bills 186 13 

8. W. L. Ses.sions, auditor, traveling expenses 46 66 

W. G. Mitchell, advertising expenses, 7th district 7 50 

W. B. Kirk, office, 5tli district, rent, September 1 30 00 

J. W. Sanborn, superintendent Ethnology, salary, September, 

$125; expenses and bills paid, §38.30 153 30 

C. P. Meade, engrossing, 5th district 15 00 

National Express Co., bill, September 6 34 

26. Adams & Hodgman, livery bill, 4th district 23 00 

S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary to Oct. 1. . 50 00 

John M. Fake, clerk, 4tli district, salary, September 53 00 

H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4thdist., salary, $100; expenses, §18.63.. 118 63 

L. Ingalls, advertising, 5th district 11 25 

Moore, Campbell & Kellner, office rent, 8th dist., September.. 35 00 

W. H. Abbott, photographs, 5th district ; 3 00 

Mrs. F. P. Bellamj', traveling expenses 14 33 

Geo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, September salary 100 00 

W. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses. Dairy 73 56 

Hudson Pi ver Telephone Co. , September bill 33 34 

Jesse M. Sweeney, stenographer 6 00 

E. Fleming, office boy, salary, September 13 00 

G. T. Powell, traveling expenses and bills paid. Horticulture. 94 15 

27. Margaret Tomes, clerk, Women's Board, salary account, 

$108.33 ; other bills, §80.09 188 42 

E. N. Doubleday, photograph account, 4th district 77 85 

31. J. F. Hawkins, clerk, 6tii district, salary, September, $100 ; 

bills and traveling expenses, $20.55 "■ 30 55 

Hez. Bowen, Agricultural department, salary account, $175; 

bills, $10.50; traveling expenses, $138.71 314 31 

F. O. Howard, clerk, 6tii district, salary, September, $83.33 ; 

bills, 75 cents; traveling expenses, $34.56 118 64 

Cyrus Strong, Jr., rent, office, 6th district 35 00 

Albany News Co., office supplies 9 40 

John P. Humphrey, janitor, 6th district, September. 10 00 

B. S. Curran, Jr., 6th dist., salary, Sept., $75; expenses, $3.45. 77 45 

W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, thirteen weeks 53 00 

William Green, clerk, 1st district, September 34 to October 15. 38 33 

Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, October 1-15 70 84 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, October 1-15 56 66 

E. C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, September 1 to October 15.. 313 50 

Geo. Neidhardt, 1st district office, September 34 to October 15. 8 50 

Union & Advertiser Co., printing bill 13 35 

Footing to November, 1893 $83,403 73 

Nov. 1. P. T. Wall, clerk, salary, September 1-10 and October 8-31.. 331 47 

John H. Larkin, clerk, salary. S75; expenses, $11.15 86 15 

3. John Foord, secretary, salary, October, $350; traveling 

expenses, $97.10; bills paid, $6.95 354 05 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, auditor, traveling expenses. 43 25 

Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, salary, October 50 00 

T. W. Loftus, superintendent State Building, salary, October 90 00 

Minnie A Parks, stenographer, salary, October 52 00 

Anna 31. Parks, stenographer, October salary 50 00 




o 
o 



7^ 



Financial Bepoet. 585 

Nov. 2. I. V. Bureli, October salary |58 00 

6. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary account, $130; travel 

ing expenses, S3-1.41; postage paid, §85.15 

John Phillips, clerk, Sd district, salary account 

T. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary account 

D. & ;M. Chauncey, rent, offlce, 2d district, October 

Gavit it Co., stationery, 3d district 

Florence 0. Ives, chief officer. Women's Board, October 

salary, S1(;G.66; traveUng expenses, 686.09; bills, $1.15... 

John T. Norton, commissioner, traveling expenses, 3d district. 

8. L. M. Ilowland, August and September bills and expenses.. . 

7. Margaret Tomes, AYomen's Board, salaries, §115.83; traveling 

exisenses, §46.80; bills, 89.35; furniture, $7.06 

Adams & Ilodgman, liverj' account, 4th district 

American Express Co., September, Women's Board 

T. .1. Whitney, commissioner, 4th district, traveling expenses. 

John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, October salary 

S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, October salary.. 

Mrs. W. J. Averell, traveling expenses. Women's Board 

Miss M. il Love, traveling expenses. Women's Board 

P. J. Cusklej', rent, office, October 

F. J. H. Merrill, traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit 

H. J. Rogers, Education, salary, Oct. 15 to Nov. 1, §87.50; 
traveling expenses, !|;15.05 

10. E. P. Bailey & Co , advertising, oth district 

L. C. Ackler, clerk, Dairy department, to November 1 

Josiah Shull, commissioner, l)airy, expenses and bills 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, October salary 

W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, October salary 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 
Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, traveling expenses, bills. Women's Board. 
Jliss. Anna Roosevelt, expenses and bills. Women's Board.. . 
W. B. Kirk, office rent, 5th district, October 

H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, October, §100; 
traveling expenses, §59. 89 

11. L. M. Howlaud, August and September expenses 

14. R. Fleming, office boy, salary, October 

P. T. Wall, traveling expenses, etc 

P. J. Cuskley, rent. 1st district, July, September and October. 
Jno. R. Moyuihan. clerk, salary, Oct. §67.74: expenses, §65.51. 
Hudson River Telephone Co., bill, October 

E. L. Hanes. stenographer, seventeen days. Scientific 

Heinrich Ries, traveling expenses. Scientific 

Mrs. George Waddington, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 

D. A. Van Ingen. traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit 

Frances T. Patterson, traveling expenses, Wonien's Board.. . 
Mrs. Erastus Corning, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . 
H. J. Rogers. Education, salary, $96; bills. §55.90 

F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agricultural bureau, salary, October. 
John W. Sanborn, supt., Ethnology, salary, October, §125; 

bills, $13.99 

R. B. Hough, superintendent. Forestry. traveUng expenses. . 
J. F. Hawkins, Oth dist. , salary. October. §100; expenses, §13.40. 
Cyrus Strong, rent. 6th district office, October 

15. Lena P. Bennett, clerk. 5th dist., salary, October 

16 L. M. Howland, general manager, expenses, October 

G. S. Stevens, bills paid. General and Women's Board. Indian, 
Charities exhibit, vouchers 

T. W. Loftus, superintendent. State Building. July .salary. . . 
21. American Express Co., account. September and October.. . . 
Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , account. September and October. 
W^estern Union Telegraph Co.. bill, September and October. . 
Metropolitan Storage and Transportation Co., October bill. 

Agricultural bureau 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, to November 15. 

74 



239 56 


125 00 


200 00 


66 67 


32 75 


253 90 


46 90 


400 00 


179 04 


26 00 


2 10 


68 65 


52 00 


6 00 


91 66 


28 67 


83 33 


36 90 


102 55 


19 38 


25 00 


49 75 


50 00 


100 00 


126 73 


19 39 


103 00 


30 00 


159 89 


200 00 


13 00 


58 85 


600 00 


133 25 


13 54 


34 00 


97 76 


48 75 


53 40 


31 14 


85 00 


151 90 


125 00 


138 99 


117 65 


113 40 


25 00 


83 33 


223 33 


67 45 


62 00 


18 04 


.53 19 


109 90 


50 00 


90 00 



New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Nov. 31. Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, to November 15 §45 00 

E. C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, salary, to November 15. . . . 208 33 
M. B. Mattice, commissioner, treasurer 3d district, expenses. 28 30 
The Argus Co., printing account. Women's and General 

Boards, September 3 to October 26 362 11 

B. Quiun, mailing tubes 14 50 

F. Schilling, stone cutting, etc.. Scientific exhibit Ill 97 

R. B. Hougli, superintendent. Forestry, traveling expenses. . 241 53 

D. A. Van Ingen, traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit 44 99 

22. S. I. Ford, Johnson & Co., chairs, dedication State Building. 121 00 

John Boyd Thaclier, traveling expenses 50 70 

McKim, ]\Iead & White, architects' commission. State Building. 1,041 25 
Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, October, 

§416.67; bills for General, Women's and Ethnology Boards. 920 12 

28. National Express Co., bill, October 7 28 

R. Delafield, commissioner, 1st district, traveling expenses. . . 165 60 

S. G. Spier, typewriter supplies. General and Women's Boards. 43 10 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, traveling expenses 108 15 

Donald McNaughton, seven bills paid. General, Women's and 

Ethnology exhibits 134 20 

Miss Annie Hemstrought, expenses. Women's Board 47 50 

A. L. Hough, photographer's hill. Forestry exhibit 225 00 

Fi'aser & Kelly, carting. Scientific exhibit 16 52 

A. A. Wing, statistical table work, Charities exhibit 63 00 

W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, October 17 38 

D. A. Van Ingen, salary, §52; expenses, 845.13; Scientific. . . 97 13 
Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth. traveling expenses, 'Women's Board. 72 03 

Rochester Awning and Tent Co., flags. State Building 21 00 

John Foord, secretary, printing, dedication State Building. . . 55 56 

C. L. Hinton, posing, etc., statue of Hudson 34 00 

Mrs. E. G. Halsey, traveling expenses. Women's Board 30 10 

Mrs. C. Wheeler, traveling expenses. Women's Board 114 20 

Mrs. F. P. Bellam}', traveling expenses, Women's Board 17 70 

Miss J. I. Howard, traveling expenses. Women's Board 67 50 

Consolidated Transfer Co., carriages. Women's Board 8 00 

Ira H. Woolson, labor. Scientific exhibit 21 00 

Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., October account. 37 35 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board 53 43 

Footing to December, 1893 $94,630 71 

Dec. 2. L. M. Howland, general manager, expenses. General Board.. 271 88 

8. John Foord, secretary, salary, November 350 00 

9. F. H. Vick, account, superintendent. Floriculture, salary, 

$100; travehng expenses, §140.63 340 63 

Florence C. Ives, Women's Board, salary, November, $166.66; 

expenses, §20.95 187 61 

I. V. Burch, stenographer, salary account 53 00 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, Women's Board. 44 73 

T. W. Loftus, salary, August and September 180 00 

H. O'Neill & Co., furniture. Women's department 18 00 

Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Co., bill of August 

and September, 1st district. 48 50 

E. C. Stanton, rent, November, of 1st district office 300 00 

P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, November, Women's Board 83 33 

Blakley & Rogers, printing, Charities exhibit 39 50 

B. W. Wooster & Co., furniture. General Board 31 00 

Ford, Johnson & Co , furniture. State Building. 7 75 

Keuffel & Esser, drawing material, charities exhibit 43 10 

John H Larkin, clerk, salary November 75 00 

P T. Wall, clerk, salary. Ifovemher 300 00 

' Donald McNaughton. chief executive officer, salary- $416.66; 

and seven bills. General and Women's Boards. §907.31. . . , 1,323 87 

R. Fleming, office bov. salary November 13 OQ 

G, T Smith, clerk, 8th district, October salary 100 00 

W. E. Smith, assistant cleik, 8th district, Jiine. July, August 

and September salary 300 00 



1390 


45 


200 00 


135 


00 


66 


67 


50 


00 


54 


00 


20 


00 


107 


25 


72 


00 


19 39 


10 


00 


144 63 



Financial Kepoet. 587 

■Dec. 9. H. J. Rogers, Education, salary account, S315; expenses, §75.45. 

T. F. Fa'rrcll, clerk, 2d district, salary, November 

John Phillips, clerk. 2d district, siilary, November 

D. & 51. C'hauncey Co., rent, 2d district office, November . . . 

E, L. Hanes, stenographer. Scientific exhibit 

John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, November 

S. E. VanBuren. stenographer, 4th district, salary. November. 
H. S. Estcourt, clerk,"4th district, salary, November, I^IOO; 

bills, §7.25 

Mary E. Sculley, stenographer, to November 30, Charities 

exhibit ." 

L. P. Bennett, 5th district, November salary, §100; bills,$19.39.. 

John Humphrev, janitor, 6th district, one month 

G. S. Stevens, 3d district, salary §120; bills, §24.63 

New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Co., transpor- 
tation account, escort. Troop A ,646 00 

Wagner Palace Car Co., transportation and subsistence 

account. Troop A . 420 00 

W. H. Underwood, transportation and subsistence account, 

31. C. R. R. Co., Troop A 155 00 

Capt. C. F. Roe (Troop A); horses, etc., $1,384.75; Western 

Union Telegraph Co. account, !{;16.10,cartageaccount,§21. 25. 1,423 10 

J. T. Nevin, forage account. Troop A 217 20 

Acker, Merrill & Condit. stores, etc.. Troop A 372 94 

A. E. Braithwaite, music. Troop A 72 00 

AY. S. Johnson & Bro., meals en route, Troop A 180 00 

G. Hurrj-, supplies. Troop A 47 00 

American Express Co., transportation, horses. Troop A 2,500 00 

14. Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer. Women's Board, November.. 50 00 

Hudson River Telephone Co., bill for November 16 44 

National Express Co., bill for November 3 45 

W. C. Clarke, services, $23; expenses, §27.39; Scientific 49 39 

Henry Koons, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. 57 50 

Geo. T. Smith, clerk, Sth district, traveling expenses 58 50 

W. T. Ransom, commissioner, 8th district, expenses 78 71 

W. G. Eberhardt, services, $24; expenses, $44.37, Scientific. 68 37 
Margaret Tomes, Women's Board, salar}' account, $139.33; 

traveling expenses, $20.80; bills paid, §67.17 227 30 

H. Romeike, press records 8 25 

J. F. Hawkins, clerk, 6th district, salary, $100; bills, $5 105 00 

A. M. .Collins Manufacturing Co., cardboard. Scientific 11 70 

F. J. H. Jlcrrill, office expenses. Scientific exhibit 13 44 

University State of New York, clerical work. Women's Board. 101 00 

J.W. Sanborn, Ethnology, salary, Nov., $125; expenses $17. 24. 143 34 

Annie Campbell, labor statistics. Women's Board.. 33 33 

R. D. White, services, §42; expenses, §87.72; Scientific 129 72 

Annie G, Wall, labor statistics. Women's Board 53 33 

C. Strong. Jr., rent, office. 6th district, November 25 00 

Richardson & Foos, printing, Chicago dedication 24 00 

Wallbridge & Co., office furniture, 8th district 13 40 

H. W. Box, commissioner, Sth district, travelino: expenses. . . 65 25 

H. Ries, services, §81; expenses, §164.43; bills, $8T09; Scientific. 353 51 
S. 31. Savage, services, §26; traveling account, §63; bills 

paid, 50 cents; Scientific exhibit 89 59 

Anna M. Parks, stenograjiher, salary account 50 00 

T. W. Loftus, superintendent. State Building, salary account. 90 00 

16. John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 24 60 

Central Union Transfer Co., storage. Horticultural exhibit. .. 18 90 

O. L. Hershiser, expenses, §56.40; bills, §13,25; Apiarian 69 65 

Citizens' Publishing Co., printing. Dairy exhibit 33 50 

M. T. 3Iorgan, services, $60; expenses, $73.73; bills, §1.39; 

Dairv 135 12 

Josiah Shull, travehng expenses, $21. .58; bills paid, $18.39.. 39 87 

F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agriculture, salary, November 125 00 

James Wood, superintendent. Agriculture, traveling expenses, 

§161.48; bills paid, §29.67 191 15 



588 



New Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Dec. 16. Frances T. Patterson, expenses, etc.. Women's Board 

Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, expenses, etc., Women's Board 

Rapid Addressing Machine Co., Chicago dedication invitations. 
J. I. Ho-\vard, traveling and other bills paid. Women's Board. 

Chas. L. Hinton, services and expenses. Statuary 

W. B. Kirli, rent, 5th district office, Kovember 

National Express Co., bill. Scientific exhibit 

T. F. Romeyn, boxes. Scientific exhibit 

L. P. Benne'tt, .3th district, salary, |100; Kov. bills, $4.16 . . . 

George T. Powell, Horticultural department, salary account, 

S50; traveling, $24..36; biUs paid, §14.40 

F. O. Howard, 6th district, salary, Nov. SS3.33; bills, SI. 50.. 

B. S. Curran, clerk, 6th district, salarj^ October and Novem- 
ber, !5;150; bills paid, §38.25 

W. H. Gilbert, Dairy, traveling, §118.31; bills, §35.15 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , bill, November 

D. A. Van Ingen, services, §2<:' traveling, §77.49; bills paid, 
§1.20; Scientific exhibit ' 

W. B. Dwight, services, §54; traveling, §9.51; bills paid, 

§47.94; Scientific exhibit 

AVm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, November 16-30 

Amberg File & Index Co., 1st district, furniture, office 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, November 16-30. . . 

E. C. Stanton, office expenses . .-. ■ 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 

Samuel Martin, locks, etc., 1st district office 

L. B.Tupper, janitor, Istdist., fivemos., $100; expenses, §5.'60. 

John Humphrey, janitor, 6th district 

Yates & Durturf, photographs, 5th district 

Bell Telephone Co., 8th district, six months' contract 

20. Auditorium Hotel Co., Chicago, dedication, October, 1892... 
ililligan & Co., Hyde Park Hotel Co., Chicago dedication, 

October, 1892 ' 

Rand & McNally, printing, Chicago dedication, October, 1893. 

D. McCarthy & Co., furniture account, 5th district 

Barnes, Hengerer & Co., furniture account, 8th district 

C. F. Dall, furniture account, 8th district 

P. J. Donley, furniture account, 6th district 

McElroy & Fancher, furniture account, 6th district 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, payment on State 

Relief Map 

W. H. Underwood, agent Michigan Central railroad, special 

train, October, to and from Chicago 

23. Harden Hand Grenade Co., for New York State Building. . . . 
Alfred Wilcox, flagstaff account, New York State Building. . 

James Butler, messenger, account 

Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary to December 15 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary to December 15. 

E. C. Stanton, clerk, salary to December 15 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, November. . 
W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, November 

G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, November 

Martha D. Bessey, design seal. Women's Board 

H. J. Rogers, Education, salary account, §57.50; bills paid, 

§148.21; traveling, $1.58.64 

E. G. Fowler, Horticulture, salary, $166.66; travelina:, §37.05. 

30. F. H. Vick, Floriculture, §80; bills, §4.35; traveling, §91.56. 

S. D. Willard, Horticulture, salary account, §285.75; bills, 

§33.31; stock for exhibit, ^224.70; expenses, §135.13 

E. C. Stanton, 1st district, office expenses, $35 96; Meti-opoli- 

tan Telegraph and Telephone Co., $36.90 

Geo. T. Powell, Horticulture, bills, $47.75; supplies, $36.75.. 
Hotel Iroquois, Buffalo, account Chicago trip. October, 1893.. 
Henry Stowell, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expenses . 
H. Bowen, Agriculture, salary, §335; expenses, $118.63; bills 

§3.04; supplies for exhibit, §32.75 



$37 55 


34 90 


33 50 


74 58 


90 31 


30 00 


23 55 


43 75 


104 16 


88 96 


84 83 


178 35 


153 46 


15 68 


103 69 


111 45 


21 66 


50 00 


43 33 


6 00 


27 17 


8 00 


105 60 


10 00 


16 00 


35 25 


1,317 30 


618 40 


138 10 


326 86 


66 08 


79 50 


51 00 


138 00 


2,000 00 


3,668 65 


54 00 


30 00 


34 00 


21 66 


43 33 


208 33 


50 00 


100 00 


100 00 


30 00 


364 35 


193 71 


175 81 


677 89 


72 86 


84 50 


104 45 


83 84 



372 41 




Pennsylvania 



Nlw Yukk 

MAIN AVENUE FC 




Massachusett 



PE BUiLUINGS 



FixAxciAL Eepoet. 589 

Dec. 30. D. A. Tan Ingen. labor, $U; expenses, $33.63; bills, 75 cents. $48 38 
Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, 8th district, for October 

and November 80 00 

P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, Women's Board, for December. . . 83 33 

AV. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 28 99 

Scrantom, "W'etmore & Co., stationery. 'U'omcu's Board 10 90 

Fraser & Kelly, carting, Scientitic exhibit 27 44 

Henry Siebert, 2d district, office expenses, .Tunc 21 to Kov. . . 60 85 

31. .Tohn Foord, salary, December, 8250; expenses, 829.50 279 50 

.John II. Reynolds, salary account 190 00 

Footing to .I.auuary 1, 1893 8121,382 40 

1893. 

Jan. r,. Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment on State Building 10,000 00 

.Tohn H. Larkin, clerk, salary, December 75 00 

P. T. AVall, clerk, salary . . ." 200 00 

Anna I. .Tennyss, stenographer, salary account 50 00 

Donald McKaughton, chief executive officer, salary, Decem- 
ber ; 416 67 

Annie S. "Wall, salarj', statistics, December, AY omen's Board. 100 00 

Annie Campbell, salar}-, statistics, December, AVomen's Board. 100 00 

H. Hies, services, §51; expenses, 875.72; bills, $4.70 131 42 

Floi-ence C. Ives, chief officer, AVomen's Board, salary, Decem- 
ber, 8166.66; traveling expenses, 87.70; bills, 811.68 186 04 

Kew York and jSTew .Jersey Telephone Co., 2d district, bill, 

3 months 38 50 

D it AI. Chaimcey Co., rent, 2d district, December 66 67 

T. F. Farrell, clerk, salary, 2d district, December 200 00 

.Jolm Phillips, clerk, .salary, 2d district, December 125 00 

Geo. T. PoAvell, Horticulture, bills, 814.80; supplies .8221.89. 236 69 
6. C. Snow, A'iticulture, traveling, $71.85; supplies, .|l30; 

bills paid, 812.47 114 33 

AV. T. Comstock, printing pictures, State Building 10 00 

E. L. Hanes. stenographer, December, Scieutiflc 50 00 

D. M. Somers, commissioner, 2d district, traveling expenses. 13 25 

A. S. Cotton, photos 10 00 

AVagner P.alace Car Co., account, Chicago trip, October, 1892. 22 00 

H. .'J. Rogers, Education, salaries, October, .8390; bills, $5..50. 395 50 

P. .J. Cu.s'kley, agent, rent, 1st district, office, December 200 00 

AVm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, December 16-31 23 33 

AV. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st dist., salary December 

16-31 .• 46 67 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, 864.42; bills, .83.15 67 57 

6. G. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary, $120; bills, $83.74. . . 203 74 

Ida A'. I5urch, stenographer, salary, December 54 00 

.Vuna AI. Parks, stenographer, salary, December 50 00 

Hudson River Telepiione Co., bill, December 10 74 

10. Cieo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, December 100 00 

11. Tiffany &. Co., printing, Chicago <ledlcation. October, 1892... 380 00 
World's Columbian Exposition, music, Chicago tledicatiou, 

October, 1892 450 00 

Hotel Brunswick, AVomen's Board, New York, October 11-13. 563 65 
AVomen's Baking Co., Chicago, 1,500 lunches, Chicago dedi- 
cation, October, 1892 1,500 00 

19. F. .1. II. Alerrill, bills paid. Scientific exhibit 40 84 

AV. G. Eberhardt, services, 844; expenses. 861.49; Scientific. 105 49 

Arthur IIoDick, services, 815; expenses, 821.26; Scientific 36 26 

AV. ('. Clarke, services, $52; expenses, $81.46; bills, $1.74; 

Scientific 135 20 

Fraser & Kelly, carting. Scientific 35 46 

Moore. Campbell & Kellner. rent, 8th district, December. ... 40 00 

Geo. T. Smitli. clerk, office expenses, 8th district, December. 6 34 
G. T. Powell, Horticulture, salary, $108.33; expenses, $69.35; 

bills, $.5.36 183 04 

J. AV. Sanliorn, Ethnology, salary, $125; traveling, $6.85; 

bills, $19.15 : 151 00 



590 New Yokk at the Woelp's Columbian Exposition. 

Jan. 1!1. C. G. Braxmiir, badges $34 nO' 

Albany News Co., ottioe supplies 10 33 

Auditorium Hotel Co.. Chicago dedication, October, 1893 153 45 

S. B. Van Ness, salary, October 15 to November 15 75 00 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 27 31 

Scrantom, Wetmore & Co., stationery to November 17 338 98 

Jolin K. Moyuilian, clerk, salary. Nov,, §100; expenses, §50.79. 150 79 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bi'll, December 8 91 

Union and Advertiser Co., printing 10 00 

G. P. Putnam's Sons, book register 8 50 

James Field Co., flags. State Building 175 03 

S. D. Backus, services, map work, ("harities exhibit 333 00 

A. P. Wilbur, services, map and chart. Charities exhibit .... 51 8i 
G. L. Fanning, clerk, chart. Charities exhibit 2« 00 

B. S. Curran, clerk, Gth district, salary, December, §75; 

bills, §10.35 ' ,85 35 

F. O. Howard, clerk, Gth district, salary, December 83 33 

J. F. Hawkins, clerk, Gth district, salary, December 100 00 

J. F. Humphrey, janitor, Gth district, salary, December 10 00 

Binghaniton Electric Co., Gth district, lighting 18 00 

Cyrus Strong, Jr., rent, Gth district, December 35 00 

W. H. Benjamin, chief clerk, 7th district, salary, December,. 100 00 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, December. . 50 00 

W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, salary, December. . 17 33 

F. P. Hazleton, supplies. Apiarian exhibit. .'. 13 40 

Hiram H. Da.vis, supplies. Apiarian exliibit 33 95 

F. C. Hutchins, supplies. Apiarian exhibit 66 93 

W. N. Miller, supphes. Apiarian exhibit 145 Go 

F. H. Fargo, supplies, A])iarian exhibit 793 55 

Metropolitan Storage and Transfer Co., Agricultural bureau. 134 76 

Hez. Bowen, expenses, |348.99; bills, §4.8(); furniture, §30. . 273 85 

I Peter Collier, Ag'ricultiu'c, supplies. Experiment Station .... 336 03 

F. L. Underhill,"clerk, Agriculture, salary 135 00 

A. J. Parker (Weed, Parsons & Co.), printing, Women's 

Board 134 96 

The Knickerbocker Press, printing, Women's Board 23 85 

Margaret Tomes, AVomen's Board, salary, §145.33; bills, 

§GG.55 311 88 

L. C. Ackler, stenographer, two months. Dairy 150 00 

H. A. Ries, services, .18; travehug, §3 10 00 

Josiah Shull, traveling and other expenses 11 91 

A. B. Davis, traveling expenses, §6 (Dairy); sei'vices, §9.... 15 00 

A. S. Kinney, expenses, §31.99 (Dairy); services, !i535 4G 99 

W. W. Hall, expenses, §13.95 (Dairy); services, §35.50 38 45 

24. W. L, Sessions, traveling expenses 30 10 

John 11. Moynihau, clerk, salary. Dee,, §100; expenses. §18.53. 118 53 

A. J. Parkei-, receiver. Weed, Parsons & Co., printing 37 03 

John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 51 00 

T. W. Loftus, salary, December, §90; expenses, |35,50 115 50 

J. B. Campbell, book account, 4th district 4 35 

S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary, Di^eember. 35 00 

H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, $100; bills, §10.92. . 110 93 

John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, December 54 00 

F. J. H. Merrill, supplies. Scientific 18 00 

Niagara Marble Works, supplies. Scientific 23 01) 

Reed & Co,, cartage, etc.. Scientific S 10 

AV. H. Benjamin, "oflice expenses, 7th district 9 41 

W. li. AViliiams, messenger, December, 7th district 18 00 

F. A. Philhps, stock. Apiarian exhibit ^'', '!'"' 

Henry J. Rogers, stock, ifpiarian exhibit 8 GO 

Footing to February, 1893 §143,146 98 

Feb. 3. Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, salary, January, AVomen's 

Board ■ 50 00 

Florence C. Ives, chief olhcer, AVonieu's Board, salary, §106.68; 

expenses, §19.35; bills, §11.48 ." 19'i' d 



Financial Repokt. 591 

Feb. 3. Lydia F. Emmett. designing seal. Women's Board §75 00 

F. H. Vick, Floriculture, salary, §100; traveling expenses, 
8152.39 252 39 

H. J. Rogers, Education, traveling expenses, 8106.79; bills, 
8141.41 ; supplies, §440.41; salary account, 8385 1,073 61 

Donald MoXaughton, lifteen bills "paid, six depart- 
ment exhibits, 8210.71; services, §33; bills, 
877.50; stock for exhibit, 833.03 8354 33 

Donald McNaughton, seven bills paid (General, 
Forestry and Ethnoloav), traveling, 840; serv- 
ices, 813; bills, 83.55; siipphes, 8104.86 161 41 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 

P. T. Wall, clerk, salary account T 

John H. Reynolds, salary account. 8150; expenses, 85.33. . . . 

Anna M. Parks, stenographer, salary account 

John Foord, secretary, .salary account 

T. F. Farrell, clerk. 3d district, salary, January 

John Phillips, clerk, 2d district, salary, Janiiary 

E. L. Hanes, stenographer, 2d district, salary, Januarj- 

W. H. Gilbert, traveling exjienses. Dairj' exhibit 

D. & M. Chauncev Co, , rent, 2d district, January 

7. G. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary, 8120; "bills, §20.75. 
Donald McNaughton, seven bills in four departments, 8432; 

salary, January, 8416.67 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary account 

A. L. Hough, photographing Forestry exhibit 

F. J. H. ilerrill. expenses, 857.08; bfUs, 843.54; Scientitic. . . 
Geo. T. Powell, expenses, 831,11; salaries, 8150; bills, §59.04; 

Horticulture 

John AV. Sanborn, expenses, §35.56; salaries, §125; bills, §2.85; 

Ethnology 

Lena P. Bennett, two months' salary, §200; bills, §15.90; 5th 

district 

W. F. Stetler, .stenographer, salary, January, 1st district. . . . 

Wm. Green, clerk, salary. January. 1st district 

Edm. C. Stanton, clerk, salary, to January 31, 1st district. . . 
P. J. Cuskley, agent, January rent, Women's Board, §83.33; 

and 1st district. 8200 

Bliss Anna Hemstrought, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 
Mrs. H. A. St. John, travehng expenses, Women's Board . . . 
Mi-s. W. J. Averell, traveling expenses, etc., §26.84; bills, 

§10.38;' Women's Board 

JDss C. E. Dennis, expenses, §33.74; bills, 819.65; Women's 

Board 

Margaret Tomes, traveling expenses, 817.65; salaries, §135.38; 

bills paid, §28.80; Women's Board 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, expenses, 834.30; bills, §37.99; 

Women's Board 

IVIrs. F. P. Bellamy, traveling expenses, §110.40; salaries, 

§74.20; bills paid, 814.36; Women's Board 

Mrs. O. S. Straus, traveling expenses 

8. Library btireau. office eiiuipnient, Scientitic exhibit 

Fairbanks & Co. , scales 

• W. G. Eberhardt. traveling, 816.66; salary 818 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, shells, Scientitic... 
F. Schilling, stonecuttins and polishing, Scientific exhibit... 
H. Ries, traveling. 8113.-16; salary, §75;"bills, 86.45; Scientific. 

The Argus Co. , printing, Women's Board • 

The Knickerbocker Press, postage 

Annie Campbell, salary account. January. Statistics 

Annie S. Wall, salary account, January, Statistics 

Pussey & Troxell. stationery, 1st district 

E. C. "Stanton, office expenses, 1st district 

L. B. Tupper, janitor, 1st district 

Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co.. 1st district 



515 74 


27 40 


200 00 


155 32 


.50 00 


250 00 


200 00 


125 00 


55 00 


76 12 


66 67 


140 75 


848 67 


52 00 


142 .50 


100 63 


240 15 


163 41 


315 90 


86 67 


43 34 


312 49 


283 33 


21 25 


16 51 


37 33 


53 39 


181 78 


72 29 


198 86 


11 00 


9 00 


9 00 


34 66 


4 40 


904 75 


194 91 


301 45 


10 00 


100 00 


100 00 


35 43 


66 94 


20 00 


26 85 



592 



New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Feb. 8. F. H. Vick, salary, Jan., $100; exiDenses, S11.21; Floricul- 
ture 

Josiali Shull, traveling expenses, §13, and bill, $3.78; Dairy. 

L. C. Ackler, clerk, salary, January. Dairj' 

O. L. Hershiser, expenses, §82.92; bills, §8.74; Apiarian 

C. V. Lindsay, stock, Apiarian 

P. H. Elwood, Apiarian 

Noel Hawkins, stock. Apiarian 

Albany Hardware & Iron Co., supplies. Transportation 

B. R. Spelman, rent. Transportation 

J. D. McClasky, cartage. Transportation 

S. D. Willard, stock, Horticulture 

O. L. Warner, traveling expenses 

Rogers & Ruso, typewriter supplies 

James McDonough, books 

Photo. Chrome Engraving Co., souvenir bookwork 

Hudson River Telephone Co., bill, January 

American Express Co., bill, January 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co ". 

John Phillips, clerk, traveling expenses, 2d district 

G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, postage 

Wm. E. Smith, two months' salary, 8th district 

Hugh Duffy, conmiissioucr, 6th district, traveling expenses. . 

F. O. Howard, clerk, 6th district, salary, January 

ICyrus Strong, rent, 6th district, January 

|j. F. Humphrey, janitor, 6th district, salary, January 

J. F. Hawkins, chief clerk, 6th district, salarj', January... . . 
S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary, January. 
H S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, §100; bills, §13.50. 

J. M. Fake, clerk, 4tb district 

Adams & Hodgman, livery account, 4th district 

Bernard Brunner, supplies, 4th district 

Utica Herald Publishing Co., advertising, 5th district 

A. R. Wilson, photographs 

W. B. Kirk, rent, two months, 5th district 

W. H. Bright, photographs, 5th district 

Moser & Lyon Co., office s\ipplies, 5th district 

W. G. Mandeville, Jr., negative, 5th district 

T. S. Hewkes, negative, 5th district 

F. S. Richards, negative, 5th district 

10 L. M. Howland, general manager, traveling expenses, etc., 

§328. 14; bills paid, §78.96; furniture, §8 

11. L. E. Van Kirk, executrix, estate of C. C. Van Kirk, travel- 
ing, etc., §76.44; salary, §200; bills, §72.20 

W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, January 

H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salarv, January . . . 
R. B. Hough, traveling, etc., §157.34; labor, §88.90; bills, 

§34.13; stock, §57.93;>orestry exhibit 

R. B. Hough, travehng, etc., §8.95; labor, §37.90; bills, §15.66, 

stock, §6; Forestry exhibit 

16. John Foord, secretary', expenses, §176.60; stock, §19.55 

H. Romeike, press records 

C. M. Lang, design for illustrating book, etc. 

Finances T. Patterson, expenses, Women's Board 

T. W. Loftus. salary, §90; travehng, §22; bills, §1.20 

George C. Snow, traveling, §98,65; salary account, |75; bills, 

§7^91; stock, §39.23; Viticulture 

17 F. L. Underbill, salary, clerk. Agriculture, for January 

M, F. Pierson, expenses, ^65.59; salary, §78; bills, §7.12; 

Agriculture , 

Metropolitan Storage and Transfer Co., January, Agriodture. 
James Wood, traveling, §34.85; bills paid, §23.39; Agriculture. 

Heliotj'pe Printing Co. , printing. Women's Board 

Mrs. Ralph Trautman, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . 
Mrs. George Waddington, travehng, §20.20; bills paid, |18; 

Women's Board 



$111 21 


15 78 


50 00 


91 66 


208 11 


40 80 


15 90 


13 25 


50 00 


2 00 


9 00 


65 75 


27 40 


50 00 


350 00 


19 64 


13 47 


16 23 


9 35 


5 00 


100 00 


18 58 


88 38 


25 00 


10 00 


100 00 


50 00 


113 50 


53 00 


31 00 


1 85 


33 75 


13 25 


60 00 


13 00 


2 75 


1 00 


3 50 


7 00 


408 10 


348 64 


100 00 


50 00 


338 39 


58 51 


196 15 


13 13 


125 00 


48 8% 


113 30 


310 79 


135 00 


150 71 


114 33 


58 14 


21 50 


15 35 



38 30 



Financial Report. 593 

Fsb. 17. Western Union Telegraph Co., November to Febniaiy §93 35 

W. L. Sessions, general nianajur, traveling expenses 30 61 

Jackson Park Livery Stables, Chicago, account for October, 

1893, Dedication 36 50 

F. C. Parker, traveling expenses. Forestry exhibit 84 90 

Mrs. Susie Walton, shells. Scientific exhibit 11 40 

W. H. Gilbert, traveling, etc., §100.88; labor, S30; bills, 

§10.35; Dairy exhibit 141 13 

Thomas JIattimore. canal map. Transportation exhibit 18 75 

F. II. Elter, watchman, Chicago, State Building 96 00 

W. F. Stetler, stenographer. 1st district 13 33 

John E. Hetherington, stock. Apiarian exhibit 43 08 

W. H. Williams, messenser. 7th district, salary, January. ... 17 33 

28. H.J. Rogers, traveling, §63.50; bills paid, §351.22; Education. 314 73 

Footing to March, 1893 §156,579 13 

lilarch 3. George S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary account 130 00 

Daniel Bateheller, labor. Agriculture 50 00 

H. Bowen, traveling expenses, §50.98; salary, §135; bills, 

§18.47, Agriculture 194 45 

Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, 8th district 40 00 

George T. Smith, salary, §100; bills paid, §8.38; 8th district. 108 38 

Lehmaicr & Bro., printing 3,000 souvenir books 500 00 

P. T. Wall, salary account, §300; bills paid, §8 308 00 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 150 00 

R. H. Lansing, stenographer, salary, §14; expenses, §5.71. ... 19 71 

The Argus Co., printing 304 03 

P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, Women's Board, February, §83.33; 

1st district, rent. February, §300 .' 383 33 

Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer. Women's Board, Februar}'. . . 50 00 

Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, February salary 40 00 

L. B. Tupper, janitor, 1st district, February salary 30 00 

Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, February salary 308 33 

3. H. Ries, assistant geologist, February salary, Scientific 75 00 

E. L. Hanes, stenographer, February salary, Scientific 55 00 

S. G. Spier, typewriter supplies. Scientific exhibit 18 00 

Annesley & Co., supplies. Scientific exhibit 10 80 

T. F. Romej'n, boxes. Scientific exhibit 8 75 

L. M. Luquer, traveling, §37; labor, §16.50; bills, §1.40 54 90 

E. W. Vine, typewriter, rent account. Charities 35 00 

Fay Kennell, stock. Apiarian exhibit 4 00 

R. M. Myers & Co., stationery 90 66 

Peter McCabe, cement, etc.. Transportation exhibit 4 75 

lUi's. Candace Wheeler, expenses, §103.30; labor, §15 117 30 

E. Imhauser, watchman's clock, State Building 76 00 

J. R. Moynihan, clerk, salary, Januar}', §100; expenses, §29.58. 129 58 
Florence C. Ives, cliief officer, Women's Board, salarj', Feb- 
ruary, §166.66; traveling, §7.30; bills paid, §4.44 178 30 

8. Capital District Telegraph Co., service, months November, 

December, January and February (4) 8 15 

J. R. Movnihan, clerk, salarj', February, §100 ; expenses, 

§13.66.." 113 66 

Anna lil. Parks, stenographer, salary, February 50 00 

Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, February. 416 67 

John Foord, secretarj-, salary, February 350 00 

Jas. F. Craig, clerk, salary, February 75 00 

Jos. A. Cunningham, assistant clerk, salary, to March 6 50 00 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary, Februarv 56 00 

Kittle :\Ionroe, Women's Board, salary. FcbrWry 10-28 82 00 

S. E. Van Buren, stonographer, 4th district, salar}'. February. 30 00 

■ John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, Februarv 48 00 

Geo. T. Powell, traveling expenses, 83y>J3; salary;§150; biUs, 

§9.48; stock bought, 836 60; Horticulture 336 01 

L. C. Ackler, salary, Februarv, clerk. Dairy exhibit 50 00 

Josiah .Shull, traveling, if;9.57," and other bills, $8.25 17 82 

T. W. Loftus, salary , 90 00 

75 



594 



New York at -mE Wokld's Coi.ltmiuan Exi'Osition. 



March 8. D. & M. Cliaunc-cv Co., vent, 2il district, ollice, Fcbruarv $66 67 

'V. P. FnrrcU, clcik, 3il district, sal.iry, February 300 00 

John Phillips, clcrli, 2d district, salnry, February 135 00 

J. .1. Donlon, salary, Jaiuuiry and February, $300; traveling, 

S3,yO; Floriculture " 303 80 

F. L. Undcriiill, salary, February, Agricidliu'e 125 00 

M. E. Sculloy, stenon-raiiher, C'liarilies, tii February 3l! 74 00 

T. C. Lcut/.e, labor, '$304, bills, l;,;l,75; Transpurlation exhibit, 305 75 

Chas, M. Pepson, labor, canal map. Transport ilioii exliibit. . 119 00 

B. Frederick, labor, canal map, Transportalion exhiliit 27 50 

F, J, Dunn, labor, canal map, 'Pransiiortalion exhibit 46 50 

9. Miss Anna Roosevelt, traveling, ,'i;30.!SO; labor account, S43.iJ0; 

bills paiil, ,'fi85.H5; Women's Board 158 95 

Annie S. Wall, clerk, salarv 28 57 

Mrs, A. M. Dodu'c, .salarv acccnmt, 5193; bills paid, §44.35. . , . 136 25 

Mrs. C. F. Wadswcn'lh. {ravehug, $41.06; bills paid, $13.70,. 54 76 

Miss J. I. Ilow.-ird. bills paid 49 84 

Emily Huntington, bills. ,S150; stock, $333.37 473 37 

J. W. Sanborn, traveling, ,$(i8.G6; salary, $125; bills paid, 

,$9.25; Ethnology 202 91 

II. J. iJogers, expenses, $30.65; salaries, $435; Education,,.. 465 05 

U. B. Hough, traveling, §51,95; salaries, $55.57; bills, §4.48. 113 t)0 

Drew, Allis & Co., bill lor directory 4 00 

Albany News Co., ollice supjilies 6 78 

American Exjiress Co., bills, .laiiuary and February 31 64 

Albany Hardware and Iron Co., supplies. Transportation, 13 13 

Municipal Ct;is Co., Transportation exhibit 7 40 

B. K. Spebnan, rent, Transporlation exhibit ■ 50 00 

10. E. C. Stanton, ollice supplies, 1st district 23 55 

B. S. Curran, ,lr., ehiel clerk. 6th district, salaries, January 

and February, §150; bills, §10 ", 160 00 

.1. F. Hawkins,' i-hiet clerk, (ilh district, salary, February... . 100 00 

F. O. Howard, clerk, 6th district, salary. February .' 83 33 

J. F. Humphrey, janitor, 6th district, salary, February 10 00 

C. Strong, .Ir., reiit, 6th district, February 25 00 

Jletropolitan Storage , anil Trausl'er Co., Agriculture exhibit. 132 73 

Jas, Wood, traveling, 818.00; bills paid, 8l'l, 67; stock, $34.37. 95 00 

F. \V. Hayden, TilTt house 44 00 

Ward's Is'atiu-al Science Establishment, payment on Slate 

Keller j\Iap 1,000 00 

Van Heusen, Charles & Co,, lamp 13 00 

Hudson Kiver Telephone Co., Februarj' bill 9 99 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co.. Feliruary bill 12 38 

Western Union Telegraph Co., February bill 25 36 

14. Gick & Say les, carpenter account, Scientilic exhibit ... 136 36 

F, Schilling, stonciaUting and polishing, Scientilic exhibit, . . 942 25 

H. Uies, traveling exiieiises, .S.Sti.itS; bills, $6.37; Scii^utilic. 93 35 

Thomas Dunn, granite, Scientilic exhibit 60 00 

T. F. Komeyn, boxes, Scientitic exhibit 10 55 

Thomas Cummings, labor, Scientitic exhibit 51 00 

F. J. H, Jlerrill, 'bills, $11.46; stock, $46,50; Scientitic 57 96 

Eraser & Kelly, carting, KScientitic exhibit 38 61 

W. 0. Clarke, expenses, $151.70; salary, $76; Scientifi<^ 327 70 

B. A. Cro.sby, stock for Apiarian I'xliibit 3 00 

S. A. Heath, stock I'or Apiarian exhibit 11 31 

J. G. Faulkner, stock for Apiarian exhibit 7 50 

Kobi. A. Weier, stodv for Aiiiarian exhibit 19 73 

Geo. W. Baley i Son, stock for Ajiiariau exhibit 34 84 

Jay Dimock, stock fen- Apiarian exhibit 18 00 

T.'L. Seotield. stock for Apiarian exhibit 323 49 

Lyman Kcid, stock for A|)iarian exhibit 33 84 

George Lamoreaux, stock for .Vpiarian exhibit 12 80 

E. II. Hutchins, stock for Apiarian exhibit 7 45 

Keported to Legislature jMareh 20. Footing $168,037 84 

33. AValter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. ... 38 15 



FiNAxciAi, Repokt. 595 

March 23. Donald McNaufrhton, eleven bills paid in General, Women's, 

Forestry and Indian (Ethnology) exhibits 

24. Geo. L. Cutter, two months' insurance on jmintings, §500,000.. 

John Foord, secretary, expense account, Chicago 

JIary H. Barrell, stenogra|iher, AVdnien's Board 

H. Bowen, expenses, salaries, labor and stock. Agriculture.. 
AV. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses, S8T.44; bills, So" 63; Dairy.. 

Katherine B. Davis, expenses Model Home 

O. L. Hershiser, eisrht months' salarv, §500; traveling expenses, 

§59.14; bills paid, §31. (id. Apiarian 

Lena P. Bennett, clerk, 5th dist., Feb. salary, §100; bills, §4.22. 
H. G. Avcry, model of canal lock. Transportation exhibit... 
Alargaret Tomes, 'U'omeu's Board, traveling, §6; salary 

account, §104.33; bills paid, §43.50 

Frank C. Parker, traveling and other expenses. Forestry .... 
Bernard Frederick, labor on c.an.al I'elief map, Transportation. 
Donald McNaughton, bills paid, General Board, §50; Forestry, 

§07; Fine Arts, §1,250 

John II, Reynolds, traveling expenses 

Jos. Mangeue, carting, canal map. Transportation exhibit. . . 
Frank J. Dunn, labor, canal map, Transportation exhibit. . . . 

Kittle Jlonroe. Women's Board 

L. M. Howland, traveUngand other expenses to March 4 

27. T. C. Leutze. labor on canal relief map. Transportation exhibit. 
Howard J, Rogers, expenses, §35.27; stilaries account, §156.70; 

bills. §17 74"; material, §309.71; Education 

28. TV. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, February 

H. V. Cronin, stenograi)her, 7th district, salary, February. . . 
W. H. TVilliams, messenger, 7th district, salary, February. . . 
E. S. Sterry, photographs and enlargements, Transportation. 
C. M. Pepson, labor, canal relief map, Transportation 

B. W. 'Wooster Furniture Co., chair and table. Scientific 

Arthur Hoiliek. traveling and bills paid, Scientific 

Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., 1st district, two 

months' bill 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board 

Mrs. W. J. Averell, bills paid, 'NVomen's Board 

W. S. Budworth & Sou, rent, I'arting, packing and freight 

Women's Board 

S. G. Speir, typewriter and supplies. Women's Board 

A. C. Hojikins, photographs. Charities exhibit 

Fraser tt'Kelly. carting, two months, Scicutilic 

Serantom. Wetmore & Co., stationery 

National Express Co., February bill 

Holbrook Bros., glass. Forestrj' 

M. F. Pierson, labor. Agriculture 

W. H. G-age, labor. Agriculture 

E. Z. Frazee, labor, §217.24: traveling,' $75; bill, §5.63; 
Agriculture 

F. li. Vick, salary, February, Floriculture 

Addison P. Wilbur, statistical charts. Charities 

Sanuiel D. Backus, map. Charities 

C. F. Dodd, honey. Apiarian 

• F. E. Dowley, traveling expenses, etc., Poultry 

G. C. Snow, expenses, $114.27; salaries account, §76.50; 
Viticulture 

Chas. F. Roe, horses account. Troop A, Chicago dedication. . 

Moore. Camplicll «fc Kellner, February rent, sfh district 

Geo. T. Smith, clerk, Feb. salary, §100; bills, §6.75; 8th dist. 

W. B. Kirk, rent. February, .5th district 

II. S. Escourt, clerk, 4tli" district. February salary, §100; 

traveling expenses, §2.85; bills, §3.75; photographs, §10.. 

30. E. C. Cook, commissioner, 7th district, e.xpiaise accoimt 

Wm. B. Tuthill, secretary, traveling account. §7; labor ac- 
count, §1,268.40; expenses, §.536.15; Fine Arts exhibit.... 

Fred C. Puis & Co., printing, Fine Arts exhibit 



§419 36 


2,020 


(10 


194 


70 


75 


00 


544 04 


93 04 


22 


53 


590 


74 


104 


23 


162 


62 


213 83 


65 


03 


47 50 


1,367 


00 


33 32 


4 


00 


43 00 


32 


00 


95 


35 


222 


00 


519 42 


100 00 


50 00 


16 00 


193 96 


122 


50 


8 00 


9 90 


59 


20 


47 37 


13 74 


334 25 


122 


85 


71 


00 


64 41 


93 


05 


11 


27 


72 


80 


75 


00 


81 


00 


297 


87 


100 


00 


1 1 


88 


354 00 


4 80 


23 


52 


190 


77 


492 


00 


40 


00 


106 


75 


30 00 


116 60 


106 


30 


1,811 


55 


103 40 



596 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

March 30. J. Q. A. "Ward, traveling expenses, salary account and bills 

paid. Fine Arts exhibit 863 35 

O. L. Warner, labor, packing department. Fine Arts exhibit. 143 33 

Louis F. Massett, subsistence account. Fine Arts exhibit 225 70 

31. Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, March salary, §50; expenses, 

§13.80; "Women's Board 62 80 

P. J. Cuskley, rent, March, 1st district, SlOO; rent, §83.33; 

"Women's Board 183 33 

Geo. S. Stevens, clerk, March, 3d dist., §130; express, 60 cents. 120 60 

E. L. Hanes, stenographer, 3d district, Scientific exhibit 55 00 

Thomas Gumming, labor. Scientific exhibit 50 00 

Henrich Ries, salary, Jlarch, Scientific exhibit 75 00 

Rand, McNally & Co. . Atlas of the "World 36 00 

P. T. "Wall, salary account 200 00 

Donald McNaughton, chief executive ofiicer, March salary . , 416 67 

Footing to April, 1893 §181,954 79 

April 7. The Argus Co., printing account. "Women's Board, §35.73; 

General Board, §194.78 230 53 

"Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, March salary 45 00 

E. 0. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, March salary 308 33 

John Philhps, clerk, 3d district, March salary 125 00 

T. F. Farrell. clerk, 2d district, March salary 200 00 

D. & M. Chauncey Co., 2d district, March rent, ofiice 66 67 

John Foord, secretary, General Board, Jlarch salary 250 00 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, General Board, March salary. . . 66 00 

Jno. R. Moynihan, clerk. General Board, March salary 100 00 

Jas. F. Craig, clerk, General Board, March salary 100 00 

Anna M. Parks, stenographer. General Board, March salary.. 50 00 

Alice C. Morse, drawing, "Women's Board 20 00 

Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, expenses and bills, "Women's Board 108 08 

M. Delehanty's Sons, frames. Scientific exhibit 7 00 

Hudson Valiej' Paper Co., boxes, Scientific exhibit 8 05 

R. B. Hough, various bills paid. Forestry 139 33 

F. H. Vick, salary §l9.38; expenses, §23.13; Floriculture 42 51 

H. J. Rogers, bill for salaries and material, Education 679 40 

W. H. Gilbert, travelihg expense account, Dairy 116 30 

Chas. Louis Hinton, statue, H. Hudson, State Building 960 75 

Chas. Caryl Coleman, frescoes, State Building 1,000 00 

8, Geo. A. Fuller & Co., on account, building contract 15,000 00 

B. J. McCarthy, six months' salary as clerk, 5th district 694 18 

18 L. C. Ackler, stenographer, salary, March, Dairy 50 00 

Josiah ShuU, traveling expenses, bills paid, Dairy 53 93 

Peter Collier, seven bills paid. Experiment Station work, 

Dairy exhibit 377 65 

Onondaga County Milk Association, milk for cheese. Dairy. . 279 00 

L. B. "Williams, photographs of dairy farms, etc.. Dairy 319 60 

W. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses, etc.. Dairy 103 53 

M. F. Pierson, labor, §81; bills paid, §48.59; Agriculture 129 59 

F. L. Underhill, salary, March, as clerk, Agriculture 135 00 

"W. H. Gage, labor, Agriculture 81 00 

H. J. Rogers, labor account, material, etc.. Education 778 89 

John "W. Sanborn, expenses, salary, §125; March bills, §79.47; 

Ethnology 204 97 

A. L. Hough, traveling expenses, photographer. Forestry. . . 91 58 

Geo. T. Powell, salary account and expenses, Horticu.ture . . 363 76 

Jas. J. Donlan, salary, §100; traveling, §38.50; Floriculture.. 128 50 

John H, Reynolds, clerk. General Board, salary, March 150 00 

M E. Scully, stenographer^Charities, §54: General Board, §8 . 62 00 

W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 27 23 

Jos. A. Cunningham, clerk, Genei'al Board, salary account. . 40 00 

H. S. Estcourt ."clerk, 4th dist., salary, March, §100, bills, §31. 131 00 

Jno. M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, March 54 00 

S. E. "Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary, March . . 35 00 
Lena P. Bennett, clerk, 5th district, salary §100, March 

biOs, §7.59 107 59 



Financial Eepoet. 697 

April 18. W. R. Shayes, photographs, 5th district 

W. B. Kirk, March rent, 3th district 

Smith Premier Typewriter Co., rent, 5th district 

B. .J. JlcC'arthy," clerli, salary, February and March, 3th 

distri ct 

F. O. Howard, clerk, salary, February and March 

J. F. Humphrey, janitor, salary, January and March, 6th dist. 
Biughamton General Electric Co., lighting account, 6th dist. 

J. F. Hawkins, chief clerk, salary, March, 6th district 

Cyrus Strong, rent office, March, 6th di.strict 

B. S. Currant Jr., clerk, salary, §73; bills, $3.35; 6th district.. . 

W. H. Williams, messenger, salary, March, 7th district 

H. V. Croniu, stenographer, salary, March, 7th district 

W. H. Benjamin, chief clerk, salary, March, 7th district 

George T. Smith, chief clerk, salarj', JIarch, 8th district. . . . . 

Bell Telephone Co. , account to date, 8th district 

H. B. Mead, illuminating gas, March, 8th district 

Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Co., 8th district 

Moore, Campbell ct Kellner, rent, March, 8th district 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , 8th district 

A. W. Townsend & Co., 8th district 

Peter Paul & Bro., stationery, 8th district 

Fannie L. Cole, administi-atrix estate W. H. Cole, late clerk 

of the 3th district 

American Express Co., Women's Board, §5.95; General, §34.12. 

National Express Co 

The Argus Co., printing, Women's Board, $17.95; General 

Board, $37.90 

Western Union Telegraph Co., March, AVomen's Board, §13.80; 

General Board, §81.41 

F. C. Manning, stationery 

Post-Express Co. , printing 

R. M. Myers & Co. , stationery 

E. S. Sterry, photographs and enlargements, all departments . 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., March 

Hudson River Telephone Co., March 

Union and Advertiser Co., printing 

Henry Romeike, press records 

ilrs. H. C. Cullen, stenographer, Chicago 

Fraser & Kelly, carting. Scientific exhibit 

A. M. Collins Manufacturing Co., supplies. Scientific 

Merchants' Pespatch Transportation Co., freight. Scientific. . 

Heinrich Ries, traveling and other expenses. Scientific 

Mary H. Barrell, stenographer. Women's Board 

John I. Covington, insurance. Women's Board 

Mrs. Ralph Trautman, travehng expenses. Women's Board . . 
Miss Anna Roosevelt, paid bills of salaries, etc.. Women's 

Board ." 

G. C. Snow, paid bills of salaries, etc., Viticulture 

F. C. Parker, travehng expenses, etc., Forestry 

O. L. Hershiser, salary, March, §63.50; expenses, §21.40; 

Apiarian 

R. Swaine Gifford, traveling expenses. Fine Arts 

O. L. Warner, paid bills for packing. Fine Arts 

New York and New Jersey Telephone Co. , 2d district 

L. B. Tupper, janitor, February, 1st district 

E. G. Ferguson, watchman, State Building, Chicago 

Herter Bros., mosaic floor. State Building, Chicago 2,; 

T. W. Gray, coal bill. New York State Building, Chicago. . . 

B. R. Spelman, rent, canal relief map. Transportation 

Thohias 3Iattimore, coal, canal relief map, Transportation. . . 

F. Newman, bridges, canal relief map. Transportation 

iVlbany Hardware and Iron Co., supplies, canal relief map, 

Transiwrtation 3 76 

Charles Mickel, painter, supplies, canal relief map. Transpor- 
tation 40 89 



§9 00 


30 00 


50 00 


239 20 


83 98 


10 00 


13 00 


100 00 


25 00 


80 25 


18 00 


50 00 


100 00 


100 00 


67 13 


50 


1 00 


40 00 


4 33 


3 00 


14 51 


269 49 


40 07 


11 50 


55 85 


95 21 


27 66 


9 75 


11 89 


706 80 


18 4S 


32 56 


14 00 


15 75 


18 00 


106 76 


30 95 


143 70 


102 80 


57 00 


126 00 


14 35 


185 11 


315 97 


32 36 


83 90 


20 25 


125 34 


55 83 


20 00 


14 00 


300 00 


23 25 


50 00 


7 79 


18 75 



698 New York at the World's Columbian ExposiTioiir. 

April 18. J. N. Willavd, Jr., packing, canal relief map, Transportation. 
I. D. McClaskey, carting, canal relief map, Transportation.. 
McClure, Walker & Gibson, paint, etc., canal relief map. 

Transportation 

Wm. Fuller & Sous, cement and plaster, canal relief map, 

Transportation 

Mrs. F. C. Ives, chief officer. Women's Board, March salary, 

§166.66, and bills paid, §67.32 

Margaret Tomes, clerk, Women's Board, salary and bills. . . . 

Daniel Brown, photographs. Ethnology exhibit. 

Tiffany & Co, , printing, 1st district 

George 6. Peck, sign, 1st district 

Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., 1st district 

F, J. H. Merrill, office expenses, Scientific exhibit 

Wm. B. Dwight, salarj', §9; expenses, $59.79; Scientific. 

S. G. Spier, typewriter account, Scientific 

F. Schilling, cutting and pohshing stones, obelisk, §474.60, 

§349.33, Scientific 

M. Delehanty's Son, zinc frames. vScientiflc 

Jas. E. Bailey, granite block. Scientific 

Merchants Despatch Transportation Co., canal relief map.. 
H. G. Avery, model canal locks. March bill, Transportation. . 

Isabel A. Hampton, traveling expenses. Women's Board 

H. Bowen, salaries, labor, supplies, vouchers. Agriculture. . . 

John Foord, expense bill for March 

Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses .... 

Kitti'e Monroe, clerk 

32. Hayden Furniture Co., installation cases. Agriculture 

L. M. Howlaud, traveling expenses, March, Chicago trip. . . . 
F. D. Millet, one-third payment on contract for decorating 

reception hall, New York St.ate Building, Chicago 

J. G. Coder, work for Forestry, Scientific, Agricultural and 

Model Home 

Wechsler & Abraham, supplies for Model Home exhibit 

T. W. Loftus, salary, March, §90; bill paid, §6; State Building . 
A. J. Zabi'iskie, photograph of Gettysburg monuments for 

Nfew York soldiers 

H. J. Rogers, eighteen bills paid in Educational exhibit. 

Wm. Deyermand & Co., glass jars, etc., Scientific 

The Argus C'o. , printing, Scientific 

Edmund C. Stanton, office supplies, 1st district 

Birdsall Jackson, labor, Women's Board 

Donald McNaughton, bills paid. Horticulture, Ethnology, 

§330.23, §290 18 620 41 

25. P. Collier. Experiment Station, bills in Agricultural and 

Dairy exhibits 377 84 

Metropofitan Storage and Transfer Co., storage and freight. 

Agriculture 

F. J, H, Merrill, traveling expenses, Chicago, Scientific 

C. Dorfiinger's Sons, glass bottles, jars, etc.. Scientific 

W. C. Clarke, services. §32, expenses, §46.73 

University State New York, clerical work. Ethnology 

Prison Association, New York, clerical work. Charities 

Wm. Schill, two bills, §660.30, §847,85, services and disburse- 
ments. Fine Arts 

McCully & Miles, glass work and medallions, Women's 

Board 

Alice C. Morse, services and expenses. Women's Board 

Alired D. Beeken, printing books and circulars. Women's 

Board 

Patrick McCann, carpenter work, canal relief map, Trans- 
portation 

J. Sanford, pictures, Indian schools. Education 

Geo. Smith, use of kiln and services. Forestry 

Romeyn B. Haugh, traveling, freight, labor. Forestry 

28. H. G. Avery, labor on model of canal locks. Transportation. . 



$9 00 


11 50 


26 09 


35 00 


233 88 


165 80 


24 00 


38 84 


3 00 


82 40 


43 10 


68 79 


21 70 


828 93 


50 00 


43 00 


264 00 


668 59 


62 25 


569 37 


212 90 


36 97 


40 00 


5,436 99 


155 14 


3,000 00 


1,970 00 


59 72 


96 00 


53 85 


898 03 


23 20 


28 20 


17 25 


40 00 



127 


81 


83 63 


268 


60 


78 


73 


8 80 


41 


60 


,508 


15 


176 


60 


6 


12 


92 00 


417 


55 


193 


04 


97 


25 


427 


46 


447 86 



Financial Repoet. 599 

April 28. T. C. Leutze, labor and traveling, Chicago, canal relief map. 

Transportation §343 95 

Kuhne Beveridge, bust of Dewitt Clinton, Transportation. . . 250 00 

Footing to Slaj, 1893 $232,906 78 

May 2. E. L. Hanes, salary, stenographer, Scientific 55 00 

P. T. Wall, salary, clerk. General Board 200 00 

G. S. Stevens, sahirj-. clerk, .$120; bills, §7; Women's Board. 127 00 

J. R. iloynihau. salary, clerk, April, General Board 100 00 

Donald McXaughton, April salar_y. General Board 416 67 

James F. Craig, clerk, April, General Board 100 00 

Ida Y. Burch, stenosrapher, April, General Board 56 00 

N". D. DeGrafE. clerk, salary, April and May. General Board. 200 00 

J. A. Cunningham, clerk, April, General Board 40 00 

Jno. H. Reynolds, clerk, salan", $150; traveling, §11.25, 

April . . .". " 161 25 

E. 31. Johnson, photographs, 4th district 12 00 

F. A. Green, photographs, schools. Education 11 09 

J. H. Hecker, labor and traveling expenses. Dairy 68 71 

Georgia L. Fanning, services. Charity exhibit 24 00 

Jno. G. Myers, curtains, etc., canal relief map. Transportation. 45 40 

B. R. Spelman, rent store, canal relief map. Transpoitation. 50 00 
Albany Hardware and Iron Co., nails, etc., canal relief map. 

Transportation 73 

KeufEel it Esser, paper for map. Transportation 89 85 

C. M. Pepson, labor for canal relief map, Transportation. 28 00 
McClure, Walker & Gibson, paints, canal relief map, Trans- 
portation 5 74 

Municipal Gas Co., gas, canal relief map. Transportation. 11 20 

A. L. Hough, photographs, $197.50; expenses, $77.28; Forestrj'. 274 78 

A. S. Miner, office furniture, 6th district 8 50 

Sisson Bro. ifc Weldon. office furnishing, etc., 6th district. . . . 391 39 

Tiffany & Co., printing, 1st district 20 63 

Gorton W. Allen, vice-president, requisition No. 1 (see sup- 
plementary list of expenditures, payments made from 

requisition fund) 10,000 00 

9. Howard J. Rogers, bills of printing, labor, freight, traveling 

expenses, material, Education 1,022 02 

John C. Ure, on contract, grading. State Building, Chicago. . 400 00 

John Foord, salary account 250 00 

Anna I. Jennyss, "stenographer, salary. Women's Board 50 00 

P. J. Cuskley, rent, April, Women's Board 83 33 

A. H. Revell & Co., desk, Women's Board 25 00 

Wm. Mayor, showcases for Wool and Apiarian exhibits 575 55 

Abraham & Strauss, furnishing goods. Model Home 53 63 

18. Florence C. Ives, salary. 1^166.66; traveling expenses, bills 

paid, .$194.20; Women's Board 360 86 

Margaret Tomes, salary, $125; bills paid, $1.56.83; Applied 

Arts, Women's Board 281 83 

Miss M. 31. Love, expenses paid. Children's Building, 

Women's Board 1.56 21 

Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, bills. Women's Board. 92 23 

F. .1. II. Merrill, bills paid, vouchers, Scientific 51 77 

. H. D Vulte, analj-ses of clay, ore, etc.. Scientific 193 25 

Wm Deyermand «& Co., glass. Scientific 1 90 

A M. Collins Manufacturing Co., cardboard. Scientific 4 88 

Annesley & Co.. two dozen Minton tiles. Scientific 14 00 

Thos. Cummings. labor, Scientific 54 00 

Fraser & Keliy , carting. Scientific. 22 76 

Chas. H. Peck, expenses installing Fungi exhibit 100 25 

Whitall, Tatum &. Co.. .show jars and bottles, Agriculture. . . 170 82 

James Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid. Agriculture. 252 70 

F L. rnderhill, salary. April, Agriculture.. ._^ " 125 00 

Josiah Shull, traveling expenses, bills paid, uairy 60 35 

L C. Ackler, stenographer, Dairj- .' 50 00 

A B- Da'ris, labor, §12; expenses, $2; Dairy 14 00 



600 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

May IS. Hayden Furniture Co., showcases, frames, wainscoting, 

tables, cabinets, etc. (contract). Education 113,323 03 

S. D. Backus, statistical charts. Charities exhibit 333 00 

A. P. Wilbur, assistant on charts, Charities exhibit 40 59 

Western Union Telegraph Co., bill for April 70 89 

Daniel Brown, photographs for three exhibits 36 00 

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, work on reUef map. . 1,000 00 

D. C. Burfee, photograph work 11 00 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., April bill 15 33 

Hud,son River Telephone Co., hill for April 23 34 

J. W. Gillis Co., picture frames, freight, etc 398 90 

National Express Co., bill for April 26 08 

John Foord, expenses and hills, April 312 96 

E. Wegman, expenses and bills, Croton Water exhibit 43 70 

Rand, McNally & Co., desk 35 00 

F. O. Armstrong, night watchman. State Building, Chicago. 60 00 

T. W. Gray, coal. State Building, Chicago 75 00 

C. G. Braxmar, badges, Naval Review, New York 33 00 

C. W. Gibbs, agent, Knickerbocker Steamboat Co., Naval 

Review, New York, chartering steamer 3,000 00 

J. Wuuder & Co., glass sign, Transportation exhibit 12 00 

Katharine B. Davis, supplies, etc., AVorkiugman's Home ... 15 75 

W. H. Benjamin, expenses, etc., clerk, 8th district 39 68 

John W. Sanborn, salary, $125; expenses, §33.98; Indian.. . . 158 98 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 33 63 

George A. Fuller Co., payment, construction State Building. 15,000 00 

33. George T. Powell, salarj% supplies, expenses. Horticulture.. 1,134 19 
25. W. S. BudAvorth & Son, cartage, packing, labor, etc.. 

Women's Board 239 15 

American Express Co., Women's Board 114 00 

Mrs. F. P. BellamJ^ expenses and bills. Library exhibit, 

Women's Board 533 10 

Miss Anna Roosevelt, expenses and bills paid, Women's Board. 476 35 

Juliet Corson, Cooking School exhibit. Women's Board 1,000 00 

F. M. Crossett, printing catalogue. Women's Board 24 00 

W. J. Smith, decorating State Building, October 31, 1893, . . . 1,350 00 

T. W. Loftus, salary account. New York State Building .... 90 00 

G. M. Doolittle, three colonies bees. Apiarian 27 00 

Mary E. Scully, stenographer. Charities 50 00 

James J. Donlan, salary and bills paid. Floriculture 329 55 

Donald McNaughton, printing and postage bills 135 00 

New York Central and Hudson River R, R. Co., freight bills. 

Transportation exhibit, ^8.43; Scientific, §3.37 and §34.68. 46 47 

31. F. D. Millett, on account, decoration. State Building. 6,000 00 

C. C. Coleman, decorating staircase, etc.. State Building .... 1,500 00 

James McKinney & Son, iron brackets. Scientific exhibit. ... 36 00 

T. F. Romeyn, boxes for Scientific exhibit 30 55 

Heinrich Ries, salary, expenses and hills paid. Scientific 230 08 

John G. Coder, pavilions, platforms, etc.. Forestry exhibit, 

$183.50, and Scientific exhibit, §123.75 355 25 

W. B. Kirk, office rent, storage, etc., 5th district 20 00 

Emil}' Huntington, expenses, freight, etc.. Women's Board.. 127 20 
Emma B. Dunlap, construction Children's Building, Women's 

Board 2,000 00 

Footing to June, 1893 §297,471 80 

June 8. G. W. Allen, vice-president, on requisition No. 3 (see suj^ple- 

mentarj' list of expenditures) 10,000 00 

9. Jas. F. Craig, clerk, salary, etc 101 00 

Jos. Cunningham, messenger 45 00 

P. T. Wall, salary account 200 00 

13. E. IT. Jones, work on floor of Agricultural exhibit 36 50 

E. Z. Frazee, labor and expenses. Tobacco exhibit 133 34 

M. F. Pierson, labor and expenses. Grain and Potato exhibit, 

Agriculture ■: 270 47 

Herman Berg & Co., pedestal for library, Women's Board. . . 30 00 




X 



o 



FiXAXCIAL RePOET. 



601 



June 13. Arnold, Constable & Co.. 'WTltou carpet, etc., Women's Board. $267 75 

Dora W. Keith, traveling expenses, etc., "Women's Board. . . . 190 00 
Mrs. F. R. Jones, expenses and bills paid, exhibit of colonial 

goods and relics, Women's Board 3,028 72 

H. Ries, salary, expenses and bills paid. Scientific exhibit... . 172 88 

F. J. H. Merrill, expenses and bills. Scientific 192 78 

F. Schilling, expenses and labor, .5117.80; work cutting obelisk, 

§763.30, and cutting and polishing stone, 870.50; Scientific. 951 60 
N. Y. C. & H. R. R. Co. (Merchants' Despatch Transporta- 
tion Co.), freiaht bills for general board, §17.06; Women's 

Board, §3.18; "Scientific exhibit, §192 and §102.75 314 99 

D. Brown, photographs and enlargements. Transportation... 250 00 
J. W. Gillis Co., picture frames, etc., Transportation 105 20 

G. H. Gallagher & Co., partitions, Transportation 215 00 

John C. Ure, grading and sodding. State Building lot 420 00 

C. C. Colemam decoration. State Building 500 00 

T. W. Gray, coal account, State Building 135 00 

Geo. A. El'ter, watchman. State Building 56 00 

Capital District Telegraph Co., service, March to June 3 80 

Albany News Co., stationer}-, office 7 16 

GiUis Bros., printing tags, etc 28 00 

W. H. Tipton, 103 photographs, New York soldiers' monu- 
ment, Gettj-sburg " 100 00 

Jas. B. Lyon, register of yisitors, Chicago 75 00 

National "Express Co., bill for Jlay 5 04 

John Bogart, preparation of map, etc., Quarantine exhibit . . 100 00 

R. B. Hough, salary and expenses. May, Forestry 250 00 

T. J. Whitney, traveling expenses, 4th district 34 17 

H. J. Rogers, bills paid. Educational exhibit 583 15 

!M. B. Mattice, traveling expenses, etc., 3d district 13 22 

C. Harry Eaton, printing bills. Fine Arts 60 00 

H. S. Patten, model of f tica State Hospital, Charities 407 57 

John G. Coder, balance on Working-man's Model Home, 
§1,000; entrance pavilion. Transportation exhibit, §1,200, 

and pavilion and installation. Scientific exhibit, §8,500. . . . 10,700 00 

T. W. Loftus, services and bills paid 112 15 

Jno. T. Norton, traveling expenses, 3d district 25 30 

Horace Davis, services and expenses. Oils exhibit. Scientific. 61 .50 

W. H. Glenny. Sons & Co., jars, glass, etc., Apiarian 106 99 

Lee, Holland & Co., crates and boxes. Apiarian 21 28 

Josiah Jewett, storage, etc.. Apiarian 106 50 

Crane Co., railing. Horticulture 35 00 

B. F. White, seventy-seven bromide enlargements, photo- 
graphs. Viticulture 88 00 

Carson, Pine, Scott & Co., carpet, rugs, etc.. Viticulture.. . . 61 04 

Hayden Furniture Co., cases and cabinets. Viticulture 908 00 

14. F. Loeser & Co., furnishings, Workingman's Model Home. . . 131 48 
F. J. Sarmiento & Co., kalsomining and painting, §800, and 

decorating and gilding, §750, State Building 1,550 00 

E. C. Potter, modeling lions and pedestals. State Building. . . 1,500 00 
O. L. Warner, payment on busts and statues. State Building. 4,000 00 

E. F. Hawley, milk for butter and cheese. Dairy 409 60 

. M R. Wait, 'soliciting exhibits. Dairy 104 67 

Josiah Shull, expenses and bills paid, Dairy 55 19 

C. D. Munsell. printing, etc. . Dairy 38 25 

Geo. Tunnicliffe, engraving, etc. . Dairy 85 00 

Austin, Nichols & Co., cheese, etc.. Dairy 125 87 

J. W Gillis Co., glass for frames " 36 00 

Mc Arthur Bros., case for Viliculturc 475 00 

James Wood, expenses and bills paid. Agriculture 116 53 

F. L ■Uuderhill. salary. 3Iay. Live Stock 125 00 

J. E. Didama, salary. April, Agriculture 140 00 

H. Bowen, salary, expenses, bills paid. Agriculture 376 88 

John Chadwick <fc Co., vase, etc.. Women's Board 25 85 

Mrs. A. 3L Dodge, bill for Creche and Nurserj- exhibit, .f 924, 

Loan exhibit.''laces. etc., §2,773.26; Women's Board 3,696 36 

76 



602 l^EW YOEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

June 14. Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, travc4ing expenses, Women's Board. |88 70 

Mrs, F. K. Halsej', traveling expenses, etc., Women's Board. . 47 50 

Hayden Furniture Co., cases, cabinets, etc.. Women's Board. 3,375 00 
F. Florentine & Son, twelve showcases. Applied Arts, 

Women's Board 73 00 

J, A. Colby & Sons, seven showcases, Women's Board 684 00 

Heliotype Printing Co., 5,000 seals, serrated edges, Women's 

Board 87 50 

Schraps & Kabn, supplies. Women's Board 35 00 

15. Geo. D. Milligau Co., tinting ceilings, State Building 340 00 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 300 00 

Western Union Telegraph Co., account for May 38 87 

Wm. B. Marshall, traveling expenses, etc.. Scientific 87 50 

S. L. Couklin. typewriting, Librarj^ exhibit. Women's Board. 190 65 
Miss M. M. Love, expenses and bills. Creche exhibit. Women's 

Board 716 61 

Heliotype Printing Co., stationery supphes, Women's Board. 93 50 

Sisson Bros. & Weldou, packing, etc., 6th district o 50 

Wm. Mavor, three cases for Apiarian exhibit 346 00 

Jas. H. Kice Co.. glass. Forestry exhibit 30 30 

Emil A. July & Co., posts, etc., Forestry exhibit 244 00 

Luther Tucker & Sous, advertising bills 74 60 

Jas. J. Donlon, salarv and expenses. Floriculture, May 313 00 

H. J. Rogers, thirty-four bills paid, Educational 253 29 

19. Illi-s. F. P. Bellamy, bills. Library exhibit. Women's Board.. 331 34 

Mrs. A. M. Dodge, bills. Statistics exhibit. Women's Board. . 181 80 
W. S. Budworth & Son, packing 3,400 volumes. Women's 

Board 70 00 

J. Duufee & Co., flooring for library. Women's Board 135 00 

Ellin, Kitson & Co., models and moulds, State Building 3,300 00 

W. J. Smith, eight flags. State Buildiug 81 73 

International Steel Post Co., fence. State Buildiug 73 68 

John I. Covington, insurance, three exhibits, State Building. 1,167 50 

Whitall, Tatum & Co., glass jars, Dairj^ exhibit 16 50 

Jesse Owen, soliciting exhibits. Dairy exhibit 9 50 

M. S. Ackler, services. Dairy exhibit 45 00 

A. B. Davis, expenses and services, Dair}' exhibit 19 00 

Citizens' Publishing Co., printing, Dairy exhibit 10 50 

John G. Coder, tables, 817, Horticulture, work at Working 

man's Home, $85 103 00 

E. S. Sterry, photographing and supplies. General Board and 
Education, §280.35; Transportation, 840.19 320 44 

Wm. Schwarzwaelder & Co., packing furniture, 1st district. . 49 83 

Kand, MclS'ally & Co., flags and printing for exhibits 81 75 

C. H. Smyth, Jr., cutting stones. Scientific exhibit 10 57 

O. L. Hershier, salarj', expenses, bills paid. Apiarian 357 95 

Binghamton House Furnishing Co., packing furniture, 6th 

district 14 15 

F. L. Maine, advertising, 5th district 7 50 

George T. Powell, salaries, bills, expenses, etc.. Horticulture. 1,877 66 

23. A. R. Eastman, services and expenses. Dairy 87 37 

James Dean, expenses, stock and bills paid in Floriculture 

exhibit, 8107.25, §263.11, §50.71, §977.18, §251.45, §3,370.63. 4,020 33 

36. John W. Sanborn, salary and bills paid, Indian 490 33 

J. A. Colby & Sons, glass. Autograph exhibit. Women's 

Board - 14 17 

Chicago Carpet Co., laying library carpet. Women's Board. . 10 30 

Western Union Telegraph Co., May account, AVomen's Board. 4 13 

Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.', looks, etc.. Women's Board 33 58 

W. S. Budworth & Son, carting, packing. Women's Board . . 9 55 

F. P. Garrettson & Co., supplies. Women's Board 8 70 

Hudson River Telephone Co., account for May 8 84 

A. J. Parker, receiver, etc., printing and books 7 00 

S. G. Spier, typewriter rental, etc 14 25 

T. J. Blake, repairing furniture, packing, etc 6 50 

29, George C. Snow, expenses and bills paiil, Viticulture 515 43 



FixA2sciAL Eepoet. 603 

June 29. H. J. Rogers, signs, charts, awnings, etc., Educjition §326 61 

J. H. A. Waltbauscn. reut, studio, etc., plasttr cast Hudson. 200 00 

L. 6. Baldwin & Co., brass railins, etc.. Transportation 230 50 

J. H. Kintz, livery bill T 32 50 

R. B. Wing & Son, State Hag 35 00 

A. V. McClm-g & Co., stationery, New York State Building.. 63 09 

John C. Barnard, furnishings, Kew York State Building. ... 42 70 

A. M. Starkweather, showcase. Women's Board 51 18 

Footing to July, 1S93 $362,518 53 

July 5. G. W. Allen, vice-president, on requisition No. 3 (see supple- 
mentary list of expenditures) 10,000 00 

Donald McXaughton. salary account, June 416 67 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 200 00 

Post -Ex press Printing Co., office printing 31 00 

P. T. Wall, salary ; 200 00 

Jas. F. Craig, salary 102 00 

T. W. Loftus, salary account 100 00 

Wm. MacXaughton. services and expenses. Agriculture 29 70 

Howard J. Rogers, eight bills paid. Education 516 44 

Jlanville & Phelps, printing cards. Forestry 20 00 

A. H. Andrews & Co., copper railing. Forestry 190 00 

Thayer ifc Jackson Stationery Co., printing, Workingman's 

Home 35 75 

E. Baggott, gas fixtures, Workingman's Home 27 70 

(Jeo. R. Wright & Co., refrigerators, etc.. State Building 98 90 

J. W. Gillis Co., frames, glass, etc.. Charities 87 50 

Rand, McXally it Co, map, $400, and express. Transportation. 402 55 

PhiUp Strobel & Sons, furniture. Women's Board 351 78 

L. C. Ackler, stenographer. Dairy exhibit 50 00 

14. Geo. A. Fuller Co." balance construction. State Building 39,108 78 

Z. R. Brockway, superintendent, exhibit Elmira Reformatory. 569 00 

R. B. Hough, salary and expenses, June, Forestry 250 00 

R. C. !Milne, salary account, balance 250 00 

F. L. Underbill, salary, Live Stock 125 00 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer 100 00 

Jas. J. Donlan, salary and bills paid. Floriculture 270 20 

Geo. D. iDlligan Co.", lettering, etc.. State Building 26 25 

Henr}' Dibblee Co., brass cuspidors. State Building 40 00 

H. F. Bush, expenses, etc., Elmira Reformatory exhibit 31 55 

Hitchcock, Darling & Co., rooms, etc.. Education 25 00 

Edw. Harrold. carting, etc 33 75 

Caldwell Lawn Mower, machine. State Building 5 00 

Henry Romeike, press records, April, ilay and June 24 43 

Western Union Telegraph Co., account 2 65 

Arthur Holllck, services, etc.. Scientific exhibit 16 00 

American E.xpress Co., March. April, May and June bills, all 

exhibits, 8181.71, S214..50, $14,60, $286.25 697 06 

Whitall, Tatum & Co., case show bottles. Dairy 13.25 

Rand, ilcXally & Co.. box labels 8 50 

Western Rubber and Belting Co., mat 16 80 

O. L. Hershiser, salary and bills paid, Ajjiarian 415 29 

Mrs. P. R. Jones, bills paid. Colonial exhibit. Women's Board . 597 32 

18. B. J. McCarthy, expense bills, clerk, 5th district 240 00 

Mc Arthur Bros., cases in Dairy Building, Dairy exhibit 1,495 71 

Creamery Package Manufacturing Co., spruce boxes. Dairy.. 65 50 

Geo. C. Snow, June bills. Viticulture 266 21 

Jno. T. Norton, traveling expenses, 3d district 108 00 

S. G; Spier, typewriting supplies, etc 10 75 

O. L. Warner, freight on statues 43 84 

A. H. Revell & Co., furniture and fittings. State Building 870 79 

Wakefield Rattan Co.. furniture. State Building 519 30 

J. S Ford. Johnson 6c Co., furniture. State Building 714 50 

H. R. Van Keuren, collation, naval review. Kew York 1,056 00 

ilerle ifc Heany ^Manufacturing Co., oak wall case. Education . 100 00 

Jared Sanford, traveling expenses, etc., Education 121 50 



604 New Yoke at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

July 24. E. Wegman, Jr., services, $250, and 131118 paid, in Croton 

Water exhibit $704 02 

The William Phillipson Co., model, Elmira Reformatory 3,000 00 

Thos. Wilding, exhibit, Buffalo Hospital, Charities 153 10 

Aunesley tt Co., expenses. Furniture exhibit 6 68 

Eastman Kodak Co., enlargements, Education 16 65 

Crane Elevator Co., oil, supplies 14 70 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, etc.. Women's 

Board 150 20 

Western Union Telegraph Co. , April account. Women's Board. 17 07 

Mary Daly, services, Women's Board 18 00 

Margaret Tomes, salary. Women's Board 125 00 

Anna I. Jennyss, salary, stenographer, Women's Board 75 00 

Mrs. A. M. Dodge, bills, etc.. Costumes exhibit. Women's 

Board 352 58 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, expenses and bills paid, Women's 

Board 238 76 

Florence C. Ives, salary account, $166.66; bills paid, §58.12. . 224 78 

26. Acker, Merrill & Condit, supplies, etc.. Naval Review 233 10 

28. Schraps & Kahn, subsistence account. State Building 381 10 

Tiffany & Co., stationery, State Building 161 11 

H. J. Rogers, vouchers of twenty-one bills, paid. Education. .. 1,415 87 

Gick & Sayles, carpenters, boxes and cases, Scientific 413 69 

Lea M. Luquer, services and expenses, Scientific 201 43 

A. R. Eastman, butter and cheese, §837 80 and $324.20, 

Dairy 1,162 00 

Emily Huntington, expenses. Creche exhibit, June, Women's 

Board 337 59 

Anna Roosevelt, bills paid, expenses, etc., Women's Board.. . 117 61 
World's Columbian Exposition, guard service, two months, 

Lace exhibit. Women's Board 185 00 

A. H. Revell & Co., table, 813, and case, $12.75, Women's 

Board 24 75 

H. Huntsman, showcase. Women's Board 31 28 

A. H. Andrews & Co., two wing frame stands. Charities .... 130 00 



Footing to August, 1893 $434,002 45 

Aug. 2. D. D. Luther, services and expenses, Scientific 27 93 

M. Delehanty's Sons, tin frames (13), Scientific 13 00 

Annesley & Co., framing and packing. Scientific 46 75 

Hayden Furniture Co., cases and pavilions. Horticulture.-. . . 3,886 38 

Jno. G. Coder, work on arch, etc., Educational 200 00 

H. J. Rogers, vouchers seventy bills paid, Education 2,416 11 

M. Daly, services, July. Women's Board 18 00 

Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, July, Women's Board 75 00 

Florence C. Ives, salary, July, Women's Board 166 66 

Margaret Tomes, salary, Julj', Women's Board 125 00 

G. S. Stevens, salary account 200 00 

J. F. Craig, salary account 100 00 

R. C. Milne, salary account 100 00 

P. T. Wall, salary account 200 00 

10. P. J. H. Merrill, traveling expenses and bills paid. Scientific. 238 76 

0. L. Hershiser, traveling expenses and bills paid. Apiarian. 96 30 
W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co., 1,000 cases and 32 crates. 

Apiarian 291 65 

H. O. Sheppard Co., printing cards, etc., Scientific 116 25 

Stella Farrand, servicqg, Horticulture 45 00 

A. R. Eastman, services and expenses, Dairy 237 00 

George B. Gifford, services, electrician. State Building 125 00 

D. Mackoff, services. State Building 150 00 

E. G. Fowler, services, assistant, Horticulture 200- 00 

A. D. Perry, services, assistant, Horticulture 175 00 

Bates Manufacturing Co., register 14 00 

Mary E. Alger, services. State Building 100 00 

Eureka Fire Hose Co.. supplies, State Building. 67 50 

Alfred Fowler, services, Horticulture 45 00 




O 

LU 
■J 

il 

< 



< 



Financial Report. 



605 



Aug- 10. Rand, McjSTally & Co., voucher sheets 

•J. W. gauhorn, salary, §125, and hills paid, Indian 

T. W. Loftus, services 

6. T. Smith, salary account 

Ida Y. Burch. salary 

James .J. Donlan, salary and hills, July, Floriculture 

jMrs. Leslie Pell-Clarkt, traveling expenses 

L. E. Carpenter, salary, July 

I. De Mallie, .Jr., painting and lettering, Scientitie 

H. Kies, traveling expenses. Scientific 

Whitall, Tatum & Co., show bottles. Dairy 

31. Field & Co., furnishings, Workingman's Home 

E, J. Sweeney, insurance, six months, Applied Arts, Women's 
Board 

18. F. L. Underhill, salary, July, Live Stock 

James "Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid 

James Field Co.. flags^ ; 

A. H. RevcU &, Co., furniture account. State Building 

F. M. J. Wood, salary, July, §100; railroad expenses, etc., 
S26. 15; Horticulture 

E. Wegmau, Jr., bills paid, Croton Water exhibit 

J. W. Sanborn, July salary, 8178; Iroquois relic collection, 

purchased for New York State Museum, §206.53; articles 

bought for sale (per chap. 497, Laws 1893), §958.89; Indian. 
Ward's Natural Science Establishment, packing and setting 

up mastodon in Chicago, §350; two showcases, §400; 

Scientific 

Florence C. Ives, bills paid, May, June and July, AVomen's 

Board 

Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, bills and .salaries paid, Library exhibit. 

Women's Board 

Mrs. A. 31. Dodge, expenses. Creche exhibit. Women's Board. 

Schraps i.t Kahn, supplies. Women's Board 

A. J. Parker, receiver, etc., circulars. Women's Board 

!Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 

A. R. Eastman, salary and expenses, July, Dairy 

Wells, Fargo & Co., expressage, June exhibit, Dair}^ 

W. AV. Hall, salary and expenses, June and July, Dairy 

M. T. Morgan, salary and expenses, June and July, Dairy . . 

M. S. Ackler, services. Dairy 

L. C. Ackler, stenographer, salary accoimt. Dairy 

E. S. Munson, services and expenses, two months. Dairy. . . . 
Addison Jackson, services and expenses, two months. Dairy. 
H. M. Wood, services and expenses, soliciting exhibits. Dairy. 
M. R. Wait, services and expenses, soliciting exhibits. Dairy. 

J. S. Shattuck, services and expenses. Dairy 

A. B. Davis, services and expenses, sohciting exhibits, Dairy. 
C. A. McMurdy, 280 butter tubs, etc.', §102.70; 500 tubs, etc., 

§311.29: Dairy 

C. N. White, manager, 116 cases butter jars. Dairy 

19. G. W. Allen, vice-president, etc., draft on Chicago, on account 

of requisition No. 4 of §10,000 (see supplementary list of 

expenditures) 

33.. Tlie Henry Dibblee Co., cuspidors. State Building 

Thomas Martin, roof and window awnings. State Building. . . 

F. J. Sarmiento & Co., decorative work, etc.. State Building. 
R. J. Horner & Co., reading rooms, equipment. State Build- 
ing 

Fr. Beck & Co., wall paper, labor, etc.. State Building 

The Jerome Paper Co., supplies. State Building 

Alex. .Jacobs, glass. Women's Board 

Western Union Telegraph Co., account, 3Iay, Women's Board. 

R. B, Hough, salary and expenses, .July, Forestry 

T. J. Griffith, flooring and fitting. Transportation 

O. L. Hershiser, salary and bills paid, .July, Apiarian 

G. T. Powell, expenses and bills paid, June, Horticulture. . . 



§8 65 


305 23 


100 00 


63 50 


100 00 


288 50 


113 99 


150 00 


40 00 


31 73 


12 10 


20 58 


500 00 


135 00 


136 97 


44 00 


95 05 


136 15 


51 15 


1,343 42 


750 00 


179 33 


256 99 


445 00 


11 70 


6 00 


39 91 


354 35 


103 55 


483 85 


457 67 


26 00 


100 00 


359 17 


383 88 


35 43 


85 60 


40 94 


66 04 


313 99 


69 60 


5,000 00 


40 00 


926 00 


37 10 


685 27 


939 46 


27 00 


11 50 


10 88 


250 00 


201 00 


273 09 


733 44 



606 New York at the TVoeld's Colujvibian" Exposition. 

Aug. 23. James Dean, bills paid, SI, 239.72 ami .§966.70, Floriculture.. 13,206 42 

Geo. J. Metxger, model of JSew York State model poorhouse. 449 80 

AlliDg & Corj', letter paper 30 40 

R. M. Mj-ers & Co., letter paper and office supplies 27 73 

B. D. Gilbert, services aud expenses, Dairj^ 46 28 

The W. H. Burtou Co., tables, crating, etc., "VYomeu's Board. 13S 93 
Miss M. M. Love, expenses and salaries. Children's Building, 

Creche exhibit, s^;!, 066. 74 aud §142.81. Women's Board 1,309 55 

The "Timberman," 10.000 pamphlets, Forestrj^ 26 00 

E. 6. Ferguson, carpenter. State Building 166 00 

J. H. Kintz, livery 40 00 

F. E. Dawlej', traveling expenses, etc., Poultry exhibit 17 64 

Tiffany & Co., invitations, etc.. Naval Review 485 00 

C. Dorfliuger & Sous, glass jars, etc., salt. Scientific. 8 10 

Mueller Bros,, picture frames, etc.. Charities 44 75 

Schraps & Kahn, supplies, subsistence account, July 401 45 

G. C. Snow, expenses and salary account, July, Viticulture. 203 78 
American Express Co., express, Albany, July 91 35 

31. G. W. Allen, vice-president, draft on Chicago, balance on 

requisition No. 4 (sec supplementary list of expenditures). . 5,000 00 

Footing to September, 1893 $466,037 93 

Sept. 15. J. F. Craig, salary account 100 00 

16. Kuhne Beveridge, balance bust De Witt Clinton 500 00 

19. T. W. Loftus, salary account 100 00 

F. C. Schraub, traveling expenses, Dairy 109 77 

32. Rand, McNally & Co., cards, etc., printing. Women's Boj.rd. 179 65 
H. C. Davidson, superintendent Societj^ Decorative Art, State 

flag. Women's Board 613 00 

J. A. Colby & Sons, curtain and pole, Women's Board 8 50 

Schraps & Kahn, supplies. Women's Board 20 00 

Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, expenses and bills paid, Women's 

Board 56 33 

Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, installation. Library exhibit. Women's 

Board 168 85 

Maitlaud, Armstrong & Co., expressage, etc.. Women's Board . 33 55 

Miss Anna KoosevcU, expenses and bills paid. Women's Board. 303 70 
Mrs. A. M. Dodge, printing bill paid, .§108, and bills paid. Day 

Nursery exhibit. Women's Board 375 00 

Hayden Furniture Co., work on cases, Women's Board 135 00 

Miss Lucy ^I. Salmon, expenses and bills, Women's Board.. . 321 00 
M. C. Larrabee, expenses and bills laaid. Children's Building, 

Jul}', Women's Board 234 63 

Caroline E. Dennis, bills paid. Nurses' exhibit. Women's Board. 135 22 
A. H. llevell &, Co , furniture, Women's Board, $6; Forestry 

exhibit, 89. 10; General Board, §44.75 ". 59 85 

I. De Mallie. Jr., lettering and painting 13 35 

Haj'den Furniture Co., cases for 'Agricultural exhibit, §61; 

§61; cases and cabinets for Scientific exhibit, §5,479.65. . . 5,540 65 
M. F. Piersoii, services, expenses and paid bills, in Potato 

exhibit, two bills, §79 and §278.51, Agriculture 357 31 

F. E. Dawle}', expenses and services, two bills, making potted 

cheese, §30.65 aud §39..)5, Dairy 60 20 

F. M. J. Wood, salary, August, Horticulture 50 00 

Jas. J. Donlau, salary aud expenses paid, August, Floriculture. 365 67 
Peter Mawdsley, photographs. Horticultural, §40, and Trans- 
portation, §35 65 00 

Kiehly & Stahl, hardware, etc., relief map. Transportation. . 78 50 

National Express Co., express, July, Educational 33 60 

R. B. Hough, salary aud expenses, August, Forestry 250 00 

Jno. R. Moynihan, salary, two months, postmaster. State 

Building 250 00 

Geo. B. Gifford, salary, electrician. State Building 125 00 

John J. Magee, supplies. State Building 29 19 

Chicago Carpet Co., work on carpets. State Building 37 83 

Mueller Brothers, picture frames repaired. Charities 17 00 



Financial Eepoet. 607 

Sept 22. P. T. Wan, salary account 

G. S. Stevens, sa lary accoiuit 

Geo. T. Sniilli, traveling expenses 

John Poord, expense bill, Ihree months 

John W. Sanborn, salary account, self and employees, August, 
S30G; salary and expenses, bills, etc., Indian exhibit, $286.39; 
goods bought for salt, Indian exhibit, 8305.51 

Geo. Rumble & Co., pavilions and partitions, four exhibits. . 

A. B. Davis, services and expenses, soliciting exhibits. Dairy. 

C. D. ilunsell, printing. Dairy 

^label S. Ackler. services. Dairy 

Lincoln C. Ackler, services, August. Dairy 

The Frank Van Doom Co., shields, banners, etc., " State of 
New York." for all the State exhibits 

C. F. Schrap.s, subsistence account, Xew York State Build- 
ing, Xe w York Day 

Elko ilining, ililling and ilanufacturing Co., paints 

F. L. Underbill, salary account, August, Agriculture 

H. Ronieike, press records, July and August 

F. J. II. Merrill, traveling expenses and bills paid, Seieutitic. 

Geo. T. Powell, expenses and bills paid. Horticulture 

M. Field & Co., flags, bunting, etc.. State Building 

M. R. AVait, services and expenses, soliciting exhibits, Dairy. 

National Express Co.. on fruit packages. Horticulture 

American Express Co., Education. 880. 75; General, §2.65 

Z. F, Magill. photographs. Charities 

L. Tucker iz Son, ailvertising. Poultry 

E. S. Sterry, balance, photographs. Scientific and 3d district. 

Anne.sley it Co., framing portraits, etc 

H. K. Bush-Brown, express and Ciirtage paid. Fine Arts. . . . 

Chas. F. Ilaseltine, express and cartage paid. Fine Arts 

Arch. Rogers, express and cartage paid. Fine Arts 

H Bolton Jones, stationery, postage, etc.. Fine Arts 

R. H. Plumb, packing and expressagc. Fine Arts 

25. W. &j J. Sloane. rugs and shades. New York State Building. . 

A. H. Andrews ct Co., wing frame standard. Charities 

C. F. ATilliams, labels and printing. Scientific 

J. H. A. Walthausen, boxing and packing statue. II. Hudson, 

E. 6. Ferguson, carpenter. State Building 

C. 31. Lang, oil paintings. State Building 

Addison Jackson, .services and ex]icnses. Dairy 

"Wm. Sdiill. collecting and packing oil paintings, Fine Arts. 

Florence C. Ives, installation bills. Women's Board 

Mrs. C. F. Wadsworlh, bills and expenses. Women's Board . 
Mrs. LesUe Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, Women's Board. 
Anna I. Jcnnyss, traveling expenses. Women's Board 

26. Gorton W. Allen, vice-president, on requsition 6 (see supple- 

mentary list of expenditures), draft 6,000 00 

39. J. A. Colby & Sons, mantel and showcases, etc., AVomen's 

Board . . " 131 55 

Hayden Furniture Co., showcase and freight, S167..50; wing 

frames and expressage, $293.73; Women's Board 461 27 

Flanagan & Bicdenweg, packing, etc.. Women's Board 28 50 

Miss Anna Roosevelt, printing of pamphlets. Women's 

Board '. T 1.59 00 

Rjind. MeXally li: Co.. office stationery. Women's Board 6 40 

Jlrs. F. P. Bellamy, printing and clerical bills. Women's 

Board 295 47 

Theo. Gunsel, State flag 25 00 

Citizen Publishing Co.. printing and supplies, Dairy 11 25 

Geo. A. Smith, bulter for exhibit. Dairy ". 636 25 

Geo. A. Smith, cheese for exhibit. Dairy 1,208 80 

F. E. Dawley. ser\'ices and expenses. Cheese exhibit. Dairj'.. 35 22 
Geo C. Snow, expenses and s;dary. August. Viticulture .... 263 64 
Pain's Fireworks Co.. speei.d illumination. New York Day. . 1,0011 00 
O. L. Ilcrshiser. expenses and salary, August, Apiarian 266 99 



$100 00 


100 00 


IS 50 


454 00 


897 90 


574 68 


26 77 


25 25 


35 00 


50 00 


839 19 


615 50 


10 00 


125 00 


28 83 


172 85 


227 92 


298 10 


26 07 


7 15 


83 40 


15 00 


28 50 


19 40 


133 00 


282 50 


5 75 


37 90 


13 16 


23 60 


341 23 


88 00 


27 65 


35 00 


102 40 


500 00 


26 02 


.636 40 


268 93 


121 21 


10 09 


31 25 



608 JSTew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Sept. 39. William B. Tuthill, bills for clerk hire to May 20, Fine Arts.. §954 63 

M. F. Pierson, stock bought, Potato exhibit 512 86 

30. Gorton W. Allen, vice-pre-sident, balance on recjuisition No. 6, 

draft (see list of supplementary expenditures) 4,000 00 

Footing to October, 1893 §506,003 33 

Oct. 3. C. R. Schraps, successor Schraps & Ivahn, subsistence account 

of 8205.65 and §617.55, July and August, State Building. . . 830 30 

E. S. Munson, services and expenses, soliciting. Dairy 60 71 

A. H. Andrews & Co., balance on copper railing. Forestry. . . 41 75 
R. C. Fisher & t'o. , freight cu marble, expense of skilled 

workmen, putting up mantels loaned, State Building 556 51 

W. Scott Thurber, framing pictures, Niagara Falls, State 

Building 311 50 

Post-Express Printing Co., printing, stationery 19 50 

James F. Craig, salaiy 100 00 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 300 00 

P. T. Wall, salary account 200 00 

B. D. Gilbert, services and expenses, Dairj^ 47 80 

Henry Koons, traveling expenses, 8th district 57 46 

7. New York Central and Hudson River R. R, Co. , train service. 978 00 
13. Gorton W. Allen, vice-president, draft on Chicago on requisi- 
tion No, 6 (see list of supplementary expenditures) 10,000 00 

30. J. W. Sanborn, salary account and goods bought, Indian. . . . .1,066 36 
Jas. B. Van Duzee, storing and packing furniture, 8th district. 26 09 
National Express Co.. for Horticulture exhibit, §11.05; Edu- 
cational exhibit, §1.80 -. . . 12 85 

Wells, Fargo & Co., transporting butter, etc., July, Dairy. . . 146 65 

F. L. Underbill, salary account, Septemlser, Live Stock 135 00 

James Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid, Live Stock. . 117 20 

Romeyn B. Hough, salary and expenses, September, Forestry. 350 00 
A. C. McClurg & Co., invitations and programs. State 

Building 48 00 

Geo. B. Gifford, salary, September, electrician. State Building. 100 00 

Fraser & Kelly, carting and freight, Scientific 63 37 

Chas. R. Yandell & Co., insurance and freights, leather 

screens, loaned. State Building 230 05 

Mary H. Barrell, stenographer, April, May and June accounts. 162 50 

F. M. J. Wood, clerk, salary, September, Horticulture 50 00 

T. G. Newman, supjjlies, .jars, cans, etc., Apiarian 65 02 

Chicago Times, special edition, supplement, etc., New York 

Day 550 00 

Jas. W. Tappin, traveling expenses, 1st district 35 35 

Florence C. Ives, expense bills paid. Woman's Board 77 49 

A. M. Starkweather, bills paid, Women's Board 19 23 

Mrs. F, P. Bellamy, books bought, library. Women's Board . 76 63 

C. R. Schraps, board of help, Women's Board 30 00 

Mrs. A. M. Dodge, salaries and bills paid. Nursery exhibit, 

August, Women's Board 344 00 

Jas. J. Donlan, salary, labor and expense account, September, 

Floriculture 259 30 

M. F. Pierson, salary, labor and expense account, Potato 

exhibit 466 65 

American Express Co., Education, §35.35; General, §45.05. . . 80 40 

Jas. B. Lyon, printing pamphlets, Education 300 00 

M^'ron A. Cooney, services, Education 150 00 

Wm. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses, §19.79; salary account, 

five months, §450; Dairy 469 79 

L. C. Ackler, services, September, Dairy 50 00 

A. B. Davis, services and expenses, soliciting. Dairy 34 13 

Mabel S. Ackler, services. Dairy 35 00 

25. George C. Snow, salarjr and expenses, September, Viticulture. 203 06 
F. SchilUng, services and traveUng expenses, §114.65; cubes 

and cut stones, §86.25; Scientific 150 90 

O. L. Hershiser, salar}' and expenses, September, Apiarian. . 386 79 

W. H. Williams & Son, badges account 54 00 



FiNA2»ciAL Eeport. 609 

Oct. 25 Henrr Seibert, tnireling expenses, 2d district S58 00 

Adams Sz Hodgman. liverv account. 4th district 21 00 

George A Smith, butter" and cheese for October exhibit, 

Dairy (to be sold per chap. 497. Laws 1S93) 1,624 90 

31. il. R. Wait, services and expenses, soliciting exhibits. Dairy. 33 To 

George A. Smith, s;ilary, October 26. Dairy 1T3 33 

M. T. Morgan, salary. October 26. Dairy 173 33 

The Argus Co., printing and stationery. Women's Board. ... 78 80 
Smith. Crimp & Eastman, decorations, Woman's Building, 

Women's Board 450 00 

Mrs. A. M. Dodge, salaries and expenses for September, Nurs- 
ery exhibit. Women's Board 304 00 

L. G. Runkle, services, literary work. Women's Board 150 00 

Miss Anna Roosevelt, expenses and bills. Women's Board. . . . 198 67 

John W. Sanborn, goods bought for sale, Indian 824 53 

Wm. P. Ilerdlein, labor, freight and express paid, Apiarian. 113 77 

Stecker Lithograph Co., picture Willard Asylum. Charities. . 450 00 

Footing to November, 1893 8530,065 53 

Nov. 3. Gorton W. Allen, vice-president, draft on Chicago for requi- 
sition Xo. 7 (see supplementarv list of expenditures) 10.000 00 

20. F. L. Underbill, salary, October, Live Stock 125 00 

George C. Snow, expenses and salary. October. Titiculture. . 182 45 

Buffalo Storage and Carting Co., freight and storage. Apiarian. 34 12 

James Dean, traveling expenses and bills paid, Floriculture.. 242 44 

Ida Y. Bureh, stenographer, salary ai'count 100 00 

E. B. Hough, salary and expenses, October, Forestry 250 00 

H. J. IMenzie, administrator, estate D. McXaughton, balance 

of salarj' due, bills paid 999 67 

James B. Lyon, register and printing. State Building 107 00 

A. C. McClurg i.t Co., stationery and supplies 532 14 

M. F. Pier.son, salary and bills, Potato exhibit. Agriculture. . . 300 70 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, installation expenses. Women's Board . 9 45 
H. J. Roeers, thirtv-one bills paid, preparation 

of exhibit. Education §1,030 50 

H. J. Rogers, fiftv-five bills paid, preparation of 

exhibit. Education 1,909 38 

2,939 88 

28. Florence C. Ives, bills paid, Women's Board 629 37 

Emily Huntington, supplies bought. Women's Board 40 50 

American Express Co. . returning c-xhiliits. Women's Board . . 419 25 
World's Columbian Exposition, wiring for 1,789 incandescent 

lights, service for season on 1,168 lights, wiring for twelve 

horse power motor, service for motor (elevator) Mav to 

- November first, Xew York State Building ' 13,049 93 

Footing to December, 1893 §560,027 42 

Dec. 8. Mrs. Candace Wheeler, traveling expenses, AVomen's Board. . 62 90 

Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, traveling expenses. Women's Board . 116 29 

ilargaret Tomes, salary accoimt^ Women's Board 125 00 

16. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid. Education 150 88 

18. Rand. McXally & Co., office supplies, paper, etc 102 30 

Ida Y. Burch, "salary account 100 00 

H. Romeike, press records, three months 57 81 

Chicago Times, advertising 3 00 

Chicago Herald Co. , advertising 8 75 

A. D. Pen-y, bills paid. Horticulture 9 33 

Geo. T. Powell, bills and expenses. Horticulture 181 05 

F. M. J. Wood, .salary. Horticulture 50 00 

H. Ries, services and traveling expenses. Scientific 103 12 

T. W. Gray, coal accoimt. State Building 191 50 

J. J. Magee. supplies. State Building. . ." 20 32 

Cheatlc & Bowley, oil account. State Building 29 30 

Hugh Duffy, traveling expenses, 6th district 84 07 

J. F. Humphrey, salarj-, (3th district 10 00 

Hez. Bowen, salary anil bills paid. Agriculture 182 59 

77 



610 New Yoek at the World's CoLUiiBiAN Exposition. 

Dec. 18. John K. Didama, salary and bills paid, Agriculture §98 35 

19. James J. Doulau, salary and bills paid, Floriculture 238 47 

Citizen Publishing Co., printing. Dairy 6 00 

C. A. Mcilurdy, ser-sdces and expenses, Dairj' 8 96 

Cliilds & Jones, expressage, etc.. Dairy 9 80 

C. D. Munsell, stationery and printing, Dairj- 38 25 

John E. Lewis, expressage, Dairj- 4 20 

5Iabel S. Ackler, services. Dairy 16 00 

L. C. Ackler, salary, Dairy 50 00 

F. L. Underlain, salary, Agriculture 125 00 

C. H. Rice, hardware supplies. State Building 57 95 

A. D. Cronk it Co. , agents, car hire. Live Stock 225 00 

G. D. Butler, Western TJuion Telegraph Co., account 8 01 

A. L. Hough, ser\ices, §435; expenses, 6285.41; Foresti'v. . . . 720 41 

E. B. Hough, expenses, §25.69; expenses, §557.14; Forestry. 583 83 

John Foord, expenses, etc 186 00 

Fi-aser & Kelly, Ireight paid, cartage, etc., various exhibits.. 467 47 

Wm. J, Loftus, traveling expenses. State Building 26 65 

C. R. Yandell & Co., freight, etc., screens, State Building.. . 60 50 

B. C. Fisher & Co., freight, etc., marble work. State Building. 317 84 

National Express Co., express. Poultry 17 50 

Geo. F. O'lSTeil, traveling expenses, 6th district 104 99 

Associated Express Cos., Chicago, express, Fine Arts 217 95 

T. F. Romeyn, boxes. Scientific 44 39 

Geo. C. SdoV, salary, expenses, bills. Viticulture 136 98 

Footing to Januarv, 1894 §565,335 13 

1894. 

Jan 3. W. I. Buchanan, chief agent, forage, etc.. Live Stock 122 50 

Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account 200 00 

Jas. F. Craig, salary and bill paid 105 50 

Ida V. Burch, salary 100 00 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary 100 00 

Jno. Foord, salary 250 00 

Jno. R. Moynihan, salary 100 00 

H. J. Rogers, salarj' and bills paid. Education 196 85 

22. R. H. Thurston, traveling expenses, 5th district 5 45 

S. B. Van Ness, traveling expenses 14 01 

Geo. B. Sloan, traveling expenses, oth district 87 68 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 27 12 

L. C. Ackler, salary account. Dairy 50 00 

Mabel S. Ackler, services. Dairy 20 00 

Geo. Moss, office rent, 7th district 200 00 

R. B. Hough, services, etc., nine months, Forestry 1,500 00 

John Fole}-, salarj' account 416 67 

John H. Rej-nolds, salary account 100 00 

J. W. Sauborn, salary, expenses and bills paid, Indian 582 03 

Anna !M. Parks, stenographer 99 50 

Duparquet, Hunt & Co., kitchen utensils, State Building. ... 80 00 

C. F. McKim, use of vases, roof garden. State Building 750 00 

T. W. Loftus, traveling expenses. State Building 37 15 

30. John Foord, traveling expenses. General 29 00 

Eraser & Kelly, freight paid, carting, etc., exhibits returned. 703 40 
C. Van Benthuysen & Sons, printing labels, cards, etc., 

Scientific 299 65 

A. H. Revell & Co., furniture, etc.. State Building 64 10 

Lockhart Moulding Co., frames, etc.. Forestry 439 38 

Chas. Frost, carpenter, crating- exhibits for return 208 85 

W. &. J. Sloane, carpet account. State Building 409 60 

F. Beck & Co., wall papering, etc.. State Building 200 10 

C. N. White, jars. Dairy 60 00 

L^nion and Advertiser Co. , office stationery 19 25 

F. A. Ward, packing relief maps 228 00 

F. A. Ward, packing mastodon mammals, etc.. Scientific. .. 350 00 

James Dean, freight, etc., bills paid, Floriculture 362 12 

American Express Co 8010 



FiXAXCIAL TiEPOET. 611 

Jan. 30. A. J. ^X. Copelin, pliotograplis of all exhibits 

Chicago Telephone Co., service for season 

Feb. 6. John Poord, salar_v account 

8. Josiah ShuU, expenses and bills paid, seven months. Dairy . . 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 

Geo. S. Stevens, .salary account 

Geo. C. Snow, bills paid, Viticulture 

The Argus Co., printing and supplies 

W. X. Kernan, traveling expense account, oth district 

Jas. F. Craig, salary account 

Rand, McXally it Co.. printing 

C. F. Williams, printing, Scientific ' 

G. Brady 6c Co. , mason work 

9. F. L. Uuderhill, salary account, Agriculture 

L. il. Howland, traveling expenses and bills paid 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary account 

H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid, Education 

Wm. Schill, labor, etc., delivery paintings. Fine Arts 

New Yorli Central and Hudson River R. R. Co., freights, 

transporting paintings from Chicago, Fine Arts 

American Express Co., transporting paintings to Chicago for 

exhibition. Fine Arts 

13. TTells, Fargo & Co., transporting paintings to Chicago for 

exhibition. Fine Arts 

16. New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, transporting 

paintings from Chicago, Fine Arts 

19. John Foord, salary accotmt 

B. J. ilullen, traveling expenses and stock bought, Forestry. 
March 2. H. J. Menzie. adm. estate T>. McNaughton, disbursements, 

bills paid, etc.. vouchers, etc 

John Foord, traveling expenses, etc 

John Foley, salary account, January 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 

H. C. Ives, expressage paid. Fine Arts 

John H. Rej'nolds, salary account and traveling expenses. . . . 

Ida X. Burch, stenographer, salary account 

Jas. F. Craig, salary account 

8. A. H. Re veil & Co., furniture. State Building 

C. N. White, manager, jars, Dairy 

John Foley, salary accouut, February 

H. J. Bogers, salary account 

A. V. Pancoast and A. F. Enos, receivers, by Archer & Pan- 
coast, electric light fixtures, etc., State Building 

27. Duveen Brothers, furniture and tapestry. State Building. . . . 

Herter Brothers, wall hangings, etc., State Building 

Fraser & Kellv. fi-eight and cartage 

W. J. Smith. "State flag ' 

Anneslev & Co.. picture frames, etc 

P. T. Wall, bill paid 

John Williams, balcony railings, State Building 

C. D. Arnold, photographs 

Heinrich Ries. traveling expenses, Scientific 

W. L. Sessions, travelinr- expenses 

Olin L. Warner, statues accouut in full 

29. Mary H. Barrell, balance account, stenographer 

Felix Weil, packing pictures. Fine xi.rts 

Wm. B. Tuthill. office expenses, three months. Fine Arts. . . . 

John II. Reynolds, salary account 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 

H. J. Rogers, salar}' account and bills paid 

Jas. F. Craig, salary account 

Ida V. Burch, salary account 

April 13. American Express Co 

R. B. Hough, gavel made of native woods of State 

J. H ICintz, livery account. . 

John Foley, salary account 



§297 


00 


101 


06 


2o0 00 


234 98 


100 00 


200 


00 


18 


70 


S3 


35 


9.5 


00 


100 00 


5 


00 


17 


60 


13 


00 


125 


00 


63 


56 


100 00 


187 00 


874 80 


447 


68 


1,034 95 


2,238 95 


30 


00 


125 


00 


49 96 


617 


91 


28 00 


416 


67 


200 00 


85 00 


128 56 


100 00 


100 00 


24 


70 


12 


00 


416 


67 


175 


70 


1,753 


10 


1,099 


29 


2,838 25 


47 


70 


53 00 


146 00 





00 


93 


DO 


18 


50 


7 


65 


30 


19 


1,300 


00 


83 


33 


12 


00 


418 13 


200 


00 


200 00 


192 


93 


100 


00 


100 00 


5 


89 


20 00 


23 00 


416 


67 



612 JSTew Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

April 13. John H. Ee3'uolds, salary account §100 00 

20. James Wood, bills paid" Agriculture 28 20 

J. S. Ford, Johnson & Co., rent chairs, State Building 25 00 

T. W. Loftus, services, State Building 100 00 

May 15. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account, traveling expenses, bills 

paid ■. 143 86 

H. J. Rogers, salary account, postage paid, etc 177 00 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account, bills paid etc 208 62 

Jas, F. Craig, salary account 100 00 

Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 

29. H. J. Menzie, administrator estate D. McXaughton, expense 

account of S72.50; bills paid in various exhibits, 8123 195 50 

H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid 178 00 

G. S. Stevens, salary account and bills paid 204 85 

Pach Brothers, photographs 50 00 

Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 

J. F. Craig, salary account iOO 00 

L. M. Howland, traveling expenses 45 54 

Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account and traveling expenses .... 219 15 
American District Telegraph Co., service bills, 1st district 

commission 75 00 

Fraser & Kelly, cartage and freighting 48 49 

Mary E. Alger, traveling expense account 28 00 

C. H. Koster, decorations, 1st district 60 00 

H. Romeike, press records 9 62 

June 19. E. W. Vine, rent typewriter. Charities 21 00 

Tiffany & Co., printing 11 88 

Hayden Furniture Co. , wing frames. Education 183 00 

E. C. Milne, expense account 70 96 

Geo. C. Snow, expense account, traveling, etc.. Viticulture.. 13 85 

Wm. Schill, delivering paintings, etc.. Fine Arts 1,008 67 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 39 47 

27. G. W. Allen, traveling expenses, four meetings 72 45 

E. Baggott, stores and supplies account, State Building 133 00 

H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid 181 81 

G. S. Stevens, salary account 200 00 

Jas. F. Craig, salary account 100 00 

Jno. W. Sanborn, subsistence and salary account, Indian .... 377 92 

Jno. H. Reynolds, salary, traveling expenses and bills 233 11 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 40 55 



$597,512 05 



SUPPLEMEJS^TAEY LIST OF E X PEIs^DITURE S . 

VOUCHEES PAID FEOJI EEQUISITION FUXD (870,000), TOTALS OF WHICH 
AEE INCLUDED IN THE FOEEGOING LIST OF EXPENDITUEES. 
1898. 

May 6. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, installation exhibit. Education $250 70 

19. H. J. Rogers, expenses and salary account, Education 309 37 

G. R. Barnes, labor, cleaning, etc.. State Building 102 00 

20. Florence C. Ives, bills paid, installing exhibit. Women's 

Board 103 38 

Florence C. Ives, bills paid, installing exhibit, Women's 

Board T 252 56 

G. W. Allen, traveling and expense account, September, 1892, 

to May 19, 1893 283 98 

L. M. Howland, expenses and bills paid. General Board and 

State Building 369 72 

R. C. Milne, traveling expenses 42 60 

22. Chas. M. Kurtz, bills paid, printing, etc.. Fine Arts 9 75 

National Express Co., April 2-12, work. Scientific 29 70 



Financial Eepoet. 613 

ilaj- 22. Mrs. C. F. AVadsworth. expenses, Women's Board 

John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses 

O. L. Hersliiser, salar_v and expenses, April 3-30, Apiarian.. 

Exhibit Cabinet Co., showcase and freight. Viticulture 

G. C. Snow, salary, bills paid and installation expenses, 
April, Viticulture 

John W. Sanborn, stock of goods bought for sale, Indian 

23. Crane Co., railing. Women's Building, Women's Board 

Sj-pher &: Co., pacldng ten boxes, furniture and expressage. 
Women's Board 

L. JI. Howland, bills paid, St.ite Building 

25. L. M. Howland, labor bills jiaid, State Building 

27. A. JI. Parlis. stenographer, salary and expenses 

J. H. Roouey, work on locks and keys, State Building 

Bernard Sues, furniture, etc.. State Building 

H. J. Rogers, bills paid on exhiliit work. Education 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, traveling expenses 

31. Juliet M. Preston, stenographer, 'Slay 1-27 

A. G. Mack, traveling expenses. State Building 

Kittle ilonroe, salarv and traveling expenses 

June 3. H. J. Rogers, labor and expense bills, salary account, etc., 
Education 

Katharine B. Davis, labor and expense bills, Model Home. . . 

Annie Money penny, labor and material. Model Home 

Mrs. O. B. Davis, labor and material. Model Home 

Female Employment Society, labor and material, Model Home. 

Fannie Hobbs, labor and material. Model Home 

E. M. Purcell, labor and material. Model Home 

G. S. Stevens, traveling expenses and bills 

John Foord, salarv account 

L. M. Howland. bills paid. State Building 

R. B. McXaughton, salarj-, §37. .50, and expenses and supphes, 

Transportation 

Jas. R. Campbell, salary, §37.50, and expenses and suppUes.. 

F. O. Armstrong, watchman, salary, State Building 

5. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account 

9. Caroline E. Dennis, expenses and bills, Women's Board 

Donald McXaughton, salary account 

L. A. Gardiner, stenographer 

8. Kath. B. Davis, salaiy account to June 1, Workingman's 
Home 

E. H. Dow & Co., hose, sprinklers, etc.. State Building. . . . 

H. Bowen. salary, expenses and bills, Maj'. Agriculture 

J. E Didama, salary account. May, Agriculture 

AVells, Fargo & Co., expressage. Dairy 

10. Florence C. Ives, expenses and bills paid. May, Women's 

Board 

Geo. -Hayward, watchman, traveling expenses. State Building. 

F. H. Eiter, watchman ser\'iees. State Building 

David Mackoff. traveling expenses. State Building 

Sirs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 
A. H. Revell & Co., furniture, etc.. Women's Board 

' Widdicomb Mantel Co., hearth, 'Women's Board 

J. A. Colbj' & Sons, cases and installation work. Women's 

Board 

Anna I. .Jennyss, stenographer, salary, etc.. Women's Board. 
Florence C. Ives, salary account, and bills. Women's Board. . 
O. E. Morton, liquidator, etc., insurance. Women's Board... 

Margaret Tomes, salary. Women's Board 

Jas. C. Stout, showcases, labor and freights. Women's Board. 

Mary E. Scully, stenographer. Charities 

Donald McXaughton. cheese and butter bills of J. S. Martin 

& Co.. Dairy 

The Jerome Paper Co., supplies, State Building 

J. W. Sanborn, salarv and expenses. May. Indian 

Carnell & Gutchess, writing cards, Agriculture 



§197 


66 


80 


50 


267 


3U 


48 


S5 


o-^o 


54 


51(5 


26 


24 85 


100 00 


130 40 


139 


25 


66 


50 


40 


95 


98 33 


657 


53 


27 


75 


64 00 


40 33 


74 00 


784 86 


57 


78 


18 62 


53 


15 


24 99 


57 


06 


8 


35 


59 


74 


250 


00 


269 89 


59 


90 


57 55 


60 00 


200 00 


110 


19 


416 


67 


3 


00 


187 50 


52 


50 


158 


99 


100 


25 


112 


40 


130 


07 


19 


63 


28 00 


31 


00 


161 


40 


47 


50 


10 00 


68 


84 


50 


00 


204 39 


16 00 


125 00 


252 


91 


54 


00 


673 05 


27 


00 


151 


50 


39 


37 



614 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 

June 10. Mrs. W. J. Averell, postage account, Women's Board $5 34 

Howard J. Rogers, installation expenses. Education 136 89 

12. L. ]M. Howland, traveling expenses and bills paid. General 

and State Building '. 145 05 

Geo. S. Stevens, bills paid, General and State Building 22 83 

Footing $10,000 00 

M. M. Love, expenses, Women's Board 96 00 

13. Ida V. Burch, salary and expenses 93 30 

14. L. M. Howland, bills paid. State Building 333 16 

J. M. Preston, stenographer 32 00 

George T, Smith, traveling expenses 30 00 

15. Annan Bros, (per Bowen), ceiling work. Agriculture 55 00 

H. J. Rogers, installation bills paid and salaiy account, 

Education 199 63 

17. H. A. Ward, installation. New York State relief map 41 35 

John Allison, labor account. State Building 77 00 

R. C. Milne, salary account 100 00 

Mary E. Alger, salary account. State Building 41 66 

Kittie Monroe, services, Women's Board 28 08 

E. E. Bausch & Son, glass, Agriculture. 3 50 

Caroline E. Dennis, expenses, AVomen's Board 177 00 

George Lauterer, badges. State Building 10 08 

George B. Gilford, electrician, traveling expenses,- State 

Building 23 63 

James H. McNab, labor. Charities 27 20 

L. M. Howland, bills paid. State Building 130 11 

A. G. Mack, salary account. State Building 100 00 

21. G. W. Allen, traveling and subsistence account 154 07 

33. Florence C. Ives, expenses and bills. Women's Board 91 40 

J. H. McNab, labor, Charities 9 60 

John R. Moj'nihan, salary and traveling expenses, State 

Building 138 00 

W. W. Wellman, lettering cases. Dairy 10 00 

George T. Smith, salary account 45 00 

O. R. McKenzie, salarj' account. Charities. 40 00 

J. Imogen Howard, traveling expenses and bills paid, Women's 

Board 144 88 

Frances Todd Patterson, bills paid. Women's Board 10 56 

Emily Huntington, bills paid. Women's Board 366 18 

23. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, expenses, etc.. Education 138 25 

American Express Co., June butter expressage. Dairy 344 04 

Wells, Fargo & Co., June cheese expressage, Dairy 37 00 

George B. Carpenter & Co., flag staff, etc.. State Building. . . 9 65 

Geo. A. Damens, two large signs, Workingman's Home 60 00 

James P. Dalton, housekeeping wares, Workingman's Home. 37 80 
Chicago Fire Place Co., nortable Are bucket, Workingman's 

Home " 9 00 

French & Potter Co., crockery, Workingman's Home 33 55 

P. T. Wall, traveling expenses 39 70 

27. John H. Rej^nolds, traveling expenses 71 03 

28. Kath. B. Davis, expenses, labor, supplies, etc., June 1-23, 

Workingman's Home 190 83 

39. R. C. Milne, salary account 100 00 

30. S. B. Van Ness, salarj- account, April and May 130 00 

Jas. R. Campbell, salarjt^account, June 65 00 

F. .0. Armstrong, watchman, June. State Building 60 00 

Iowa State Band, services, Brooklyn Day 100 00 

J. M. Preston, stenographer 48 00 

National Hotel Check Co., baggage checks. State Building. . . 10 00 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 200 00 

July 1. John Foord, salary account 350 00 

3. Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 

Chicago Directory Co., city directory '. 7 50 

Mary E. Alger, services. State Building 25 00 

Geo. Hay ward, watchman, June, State Building 52 00 



Financial Eepoet. 615 

Jul}' 3. Joha L. Buckley, traveling espenses, State Building $36 80 

Geo. B. Gifford, electrician, salary, State Building 135 00 

R. B. McNaugliton, salarj^ account, Transportation ; 70 00 

Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific 81 00 

L. E. Carpenter, traveling expenses and salary 101 59 

E. H. Dow & Co., plumbing contract. State Building 420 11 

Footing $15,149 52 

7. .John W. Sanborn, salary and expense account, Indian 169 53 

F. H. Elter, salary and expense account 70 00 

O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities 40 00 

Geo. T. Smith, salary account '. 80 00 

J. L. Whitlock, insurance on Sypher & Co., furniture, State 

Building 130 00 

E. R. Meeker, charter, steam launch 25 00 

8. David JIackoff, salarj^ account, State Building. 100 00 

10. A. G. Mack, salary account, State Building 113 33 

James Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid, Agriculture 

and Live Stock 60 10 

Scrantom, Wetmore & Co., office stationery 13 58 

National Express Co., account, June 3 45 

A. H. Revell & Co., furniture, Workingmau's Home 7 20 

The Boynton Furnace C'o., repairs, etc.. State Building 9 40 

Richard Reed, services and expenses. Dairy 9 06 

11. L. M. Rowland, bills paid and express 300 00 

L. M. Howland, transportation and subsistence account 215 62 

J. W. Sanborn, supplies and furnishings, Indian 145 88 

13. L. M. Howland, bills paid, General Board, $39.51; State 

Building, §260.49 300 00 

Jno. R. Moynihan, salary account, State Building 150 00 

14. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 74 03 

H. J. Rogers, eight bills", installation. Education 298 77 

H. Ries, salary account, Scientific , . . 135 00 

Wm. Donnellj', Jr., traveling expenses and salary, Apiarian. 53 05 

15. John Allison, labor. State Building 60 00 

John E. Didama, salary account. Agriculture 100 35 

Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 

17. Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 158 37 

National Express Co., four boxes, books. Education 53 80 

American Express Co., 204 packages, Dair}' 245 34 

19. Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 

Jno. W. Sanborn, salarv account and bills, Indian 501 93 

B. McGiveny, labor, State Building 113 50 

20. Jliss C. E. Dennis, subsistence account 46 35 

21. L. M. Howland, bills paid. General and State Building 800 00 

F. D. Shea, typewriter supplies 3 00 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill for May: 6 45 

Jno. R. Moynihan, postage stamps 10 30 

Geo. Rumble & Co., partitions and carpenter work, three 

exhibits 600 00 

J. F. Crooker, traveling expenses, etc.. Education 99 60 

Geo. T. Smith, salary account 63 50 

23. H. J. Rogers, salarj' account and bills paid. Education 92 92 

Katharine B. Davis, espenses and bills, June 24 to July 20, 

TTorkiugman's Home 81 93 

David ilackoff, salary account, State Building 200 00 

O. R. McKenzie. salary account. Charities 46 66 

F.- O. Armstrong, watchman. State Building 53 25 

24. H. Ries. traveling expenses, 577.94; salar}' account, .$100; 

Scientific 177 94 

R. B. JIcNaughton. salaryaccount, Transportation 67 50 

J. M. Preston, stenographer 16 00 

26. A. D. Perry, salary account. Horticulture 173 50 

J. A. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 

E. G. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 200 00 

F. M. J. Wood, salary account, Horticulture 100 00 



816 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



July 26. A. E. Eastman, salary and expenses, Dairy $235 74 

27. Chicago Directory Co. , book (1893) 7 50 

29. J. E. Didama, salary account, Agriculture 100 00 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., May and June bills 29 62 

G. W. Allen, travehng expenses and subsistence 288 10 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 200 00 

31. Thomas A. Hamilton, board account, Indian 312 80 

A. G. Mack, salary account. State Building 100 00 

Katharine B. Davis, salarj' account, Workingman's Home . . . 125 00 

Aug. 1. Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific 65 00 

James R. Campbell, salary account 65 00 

George W. Bowman, salary and traveling expenses. State 

Building 96 75 

Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 

Miss C. E. Dennis, subsistence account 24 00 

John Foord, salary account 250 00 

F. O. Armstrong, watchman, State Building 30 00 

3. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, Education 533 83 

4. F. H. Elter, salary account 75 00 

Wm. Donnelly, Jr., salary account. Apiarian 67 00 

O. R. McKenzic, salary account. Charities 30 84 

8. H. Bowen, salary, bills and expenses, July, Agriculture 327 41 

10. George Ha j' ward, watchman, State Building 63 00 

J. M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 

14. John Foord, traveling expenses ■ 39 31 

Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 

F. O. Armstrong, watchman, State Building 26 00 

P. T. Wall, salary account 100 00 

George S. Stevens, salary account 100 00 

15. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education 373 70 

Crane Elevator Co., supplies. State Building 6 70 

G. W. Reed & Co., supplies. State Building 7 15 

16. John Allison, labor. State Building 60 00 

O. R. McKenzie, saldry account. Charities exhibit 35 00 

Lena P. Bennett, bills paid, 5th district 7 90 

31. G. W. Allen, transportation and subsistence account 173 27 

33. P. V. Lyon, salary account. State Building 40 00. 

Western Union Teletjraph Co., Chicago account 53 33 

R. M. Sbarra. freight, etc.. Live Stock exhibit 58 30 

Delaware & Hudson Canal Co., freight, Live Stock 301 50 

William Watson, freight. Live Stock 13 50 

J. M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 

William Dounellj', Jr., salary account 36 83 

33. L. M. Howland. bills paid. General, §19.70; State Building, 

§280,30 300 00 

L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §21; State Building, §279. 300 00 
L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §32.40; State Building, 

§267.60 300 00 

L. M. Howland, bills paid, General, §13.41; Dairy, §8.40; State 

Building, §278.19 300 00 

Footing §26,797 55 

25. Katharine B. Davis, expenses and bills, July 20 to August 23, 

Workingman's Home 172 80 

American Florist Co., papers. Floriculture 5 00 

E. T. Burrows & Co.. window screens, State Building 13 60 

29 Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 

John H. Reynolds, expenses for Dairy 66 91 

L. M. Howland, traveling expenses and bills paid (fimeral 

services Chief Executive Officer JIcNaughton) 397 54 

L. 51. Howland, eighteen bills paid. State Building 300 00 

L. M. Howland, twentv-five bills paid. State Building 402 46 

31. John H. Reynolds, sal.iry account 300 00 

O. R. McKenzie, salary accoimt. Charities 35 00 

R. B. McNaughton, salary account, Transportation 95 00 

John Foord, salary account 350 00 



FnfAs^ciAL Repoet. 



617 



Aug. 31. R. C. :Milne, salary account $100 00 

A. G. Mack, salary, special officer, State Building 100 00 

David ilackofE, salary account, State Building 150 00 

Geo. T. Smith, salary account 125 00 

Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 

H. J. Rogers, salary and labor accounts. Education 303 00 

F. H. Elter, salary account To 00 

J. E. Didama, salary account, Agriculture 100 00 

Wm. Donnelly, Jr., salary account 30 33 

Jas. R. Campbell, salary account 40 00 

Sept. 1. Kittle Monroe, salarj- and bills paid. Scientific 74 25 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., account for July 11 05 

Geo. D. Milligau Co., glass and painting. State Building 6 25 

J. R. Moynihan, postage stamps 10 26 

Katharine B. Davis, salary and bills, etc., paid, August, 

Workiugman's Home 204 84 

2. W. J. Lof tus, watchman, salary, State Building 34 00 

L. E. Carpenter, salary account 150 00 

J. il. Preston, stenographer 32 00 

Geo. Hay ward, watchman. State Building 62 00 

Albert Dickson, labor. State Building 44 50 

G. W. Bowman, salary account. State Building 75 00 

N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., freight. Live Stock 287 70 

J. B. Dutcher, freight, Live Stock 440 50 

TVm. Donnelly, Jr., traveling expenses 17 52 

5. T. F. Powers, salary account. State Building, §23.33; Charities, 

S90.97 114 80 

Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 142 90 

L. H. Loen. music, reception. State Building 52 50 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 40 75 

W. H. Gilbert, bills paid. Dairy 56 30 

6. Florence C. Ives, salary account, Women's Board 166 66 

Margaret Tomes, salary account, Women's Board 125 00 

Anna I. Jenny ss, salary account. Women's Board 75 00 

Marj- Dah', salary account. Women's Board 18 00 

lHary E. Alger, salaiy account. State Building 200 00 

A. D. Perry, salary account. Horticulture 175 00 

E. G. Fowler, salary account, Horticulture 200 00 

Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 

J. Alfred Fowler, salary account, Horticulture 45 00 

Mary Blunk, salary account 9 00 

A. G. Fooi-d, salary account. Scientific 65 16 

Louis Wurzburg, awnings, platforms, etc.. New York Cooking 

School 700 00 

D. M. Somers, transportation and subsistence, 2d district . . 85 70 
Wm. H. Rowe, Jr., transportation and subsistence, 3d district 53 20 

7. George Archer, hoisting statues. State Building 80 00 

8. A. R. Eastman, cheese for Dairy exhibit 554 70 

R. H. Weiskotten, guard duty, State Building 15 00 

American Express Co., Horticulture 16 30 

Iowa State Band, music afternoon and evening. Western New 

York day 150 00 

9. Lena P. Bennett, stenographer 21 00 

■John Foord. expense account 155 00 

Henr)^ Stowell. traveling expenses, 7th district 181 20 

IMrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, expenses, etc 55 20 

11. Mary D. Hall, services 10 00 

Pettibone, Wells & Co. . ribbon badges, Xew York day . . 75 00 

E. G. Fowler, bills paid. Horticulture 9 76 

Footing §35,040 69 

McArthur Bros., platform for cheese. Dairy 124 00 

12. John H. Reynolds, salary account 100 00 

Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry ■. . 40 00 

13. Associated Express Co., account. Agriculture 24 05 

15. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 21 98 

78 



618 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Sept. 15. James Wood, traveling expenses and bills, Live Stock 

Howard J. Rogers, bills and expenses. Education 

M. B. Mattice, transportation and subsistence, 3d district. . 

George T. Powell, bills and expenses. Horticulture 

O. R. McKenzie, salary account, Charities 

16. Caroline E. Dennis, transportation and subsistence 

Cord Meyer, traveling expenses, etc., 2d district 

Wm. H. Gilbert, bills paid. Dairy 

Peter Collier, cheese, Dairj' 

Hood Sign Co. , banner. Scientific 

A. A. Campbell Co., plumbing. State Building 

Wm. H. Rowe, Jr., traveling expenses, 3d district 

John Allison, labor, State Building 

Waukesha Hygeia Mineral Springs Co., water for three 

months. State Building 

Jas. R. Campbell, salary account 

19. Western Union Telegraph Co., account for June and July. . 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co., account for August 

Anna M. Parks, traveling expenses 

Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 

Emily Huntington, bills paid. Children's exhibit. Women's 

Board 

20. Portable Chair Co., rental of 500 chairs 

21. A. J. Senn, labor. Scientific •. 

R. B. McNaughton, salary account, Transportation 

22. T. F. Powers, salary account. Charities 

Salter Bros. , floral decorations -. 

23. Frances Todd Patterson, traveling expenses, etc 

R. C. Milne, salary account 

American Express Co., August shipments. Horticulture 

James Hilton, salary and traveling expenses, Live Stock-. . . . 
F. W. Hawley, bills paid, Live Stock 

25. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account 

Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 

26. P. V. Lyon, salary account, State Building 

38. J. E. Didama, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 

Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 

A. G. Mack, salary. State Building 

T. J. Whitney, traveling expenses, 4th district 

L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, 831.70; State Building, 

§368. 30 

L. M. Howland, bills paid, General, $83.53; State Building, 

§316.47 

L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §18.51; State Building, 

$381 .49 ' 

29. L. M. Howland. bills paid. General! 836.39;' Dairv, $16.90; 

Horticulture, 81.31; State Building, §345.40 " 

Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary account 

Footing 

John Foley, chief executive officer, salary account 

30. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education 

James R. Campbell, salary account 

J'. M. Preston, stenographer 

Geo. W. Bowman, salary account. State Building 

L. E. Carpenter, salary account 

David Mackoif, salary account. State Building 

T. W. Loftus, salary account. State Building 

Geo. B. Gifford, salary aecount. State Building 

John Foord, salary account 

O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities 

Oct. 3. Brooks & Clark, water supply. Pasteur filter. State Building. 
Mrs. S. H. Murray, pictures, flowers for bees, etc.. Apiarian.. 
Helen A. Davis, bills paid, etc., September, Working-man's 

Home 

Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific 



§187 72 


256 87 


110 50 


52 47 


35 00 


55 05 


108 35 


41 38 


58 33 


55 00 


57 06 


58 05 


60 00 


250 00 


35 00 


117 96 


22 07 


35 00 


33 00 


180 95 


35 00 


16 00 


70 00 


46 66 


30 00 


83 00 


100 00 


81 40 


213 00 


30 00 


100 00 


40 00 


50 00 


115 30 


125 00 


100 00 


106 36 


400 00 


400 00 


300 00 


300 00 


100 00 


$40,000 00 


791 68 


307 35 


30 00 


32 00 


77 50 


150 00 


150 00 


100 00 


25 00 


350 00 


35 00 


150 00 


16 75 


143 70 


65 00 



FiNAiv'ciAL Eepoet. 619 

Oct. 2. Florence C. Ives, salary account, Women's Board $166 66 

Anna I. Jennyss, salary account, "Women's Board 75 00 

Margaret Tomes, salary account, Women's Board 125 00 

Mary Blunk, salary account, Women's Board 18 00 

Marj' Daly, salary account. Woman's Board 20 00 

Geo. Hay ward, watchman. State Building 60 00 

W. L. Loftus, watchman, State Building 60 00 

Geo. A. Smith, salary account. Dairy 160 00 

M. T. Morgan, salary account. Dairy 160 00 

3. W. I. Buchanan, superintendent Agricultural department, 

AVorld's Columbian Exposition, bills for forage, feed, etc.. 

Livestock 896 45 

American Express Co., packages of butter and cheese from 

New York State for September exhibit, Dairj' 384 27 

L. C. Baldwin & Co., railing, posts, etc.. Charities 9 60 

4. George A. Fuller Co.. plumbing bill. State Building 6 77 

Andrew G. Foord, salarj' account, Scientific. 85 00 

5. Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 

E. G. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 200 00 

A. D. Perry, salarj' account. Horticulture 175 00 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, expenses and bills paid 60 45 

American Express Co., transportation. Agriculture 327 30 

American Express Co., transportation, Horticulture 72 15 

7. Portable Chair Concession, rental of chairs 15 00 

R. M, Sharra, freight on stock. Live Stock 58 90 

J. B. Dutcher, fretght on stock, Live Stock 482 74 

9. A. D. Cronk & Co., u.se of car. Live Stock 24 50 

E. W. Davis, freight paid. Live Stock 39 10 

J. B. Dutcher, agent, freight paid. Live Stock 45 44 

10. William Wilson, freights. Live Stock 54 50 

George B. Gififord, electrician, salary. State Building 25 00 

11. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 44 95 

Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 

John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses 71 25 

12. Western Union Telegraph Co., July and August 45 62 

G. T. Powell, traveling expenses and bills. Horticulture 81 80 

>Liry A. Bradley, salary. Horticulture 10 50 

A. D. Perry, bills paid. Horticulture 510 

J. H. Wood, services. Horticulture 22 00 

W. T. Ransom, traveling expenses, etc., 8th district 101 36 

New York Insulated Wire Co., wiring. State Building 70 21 

E. G. Fowler, bills paid. Horticulture 22 95 

H. J. Rogers, storage on boxes. Education 124 55 

J. B. Dutcher, agent, freights. Live Stock 51 56 

Edward Wliite, freights. Live Stock 32 75 

13. O. R. JIcKenzie, salary account, C'harities 40 00 

Emily Huntington, bills paid. Children's Building, Women's 

Board ' 219 22 

14. John H. Reynolds, salary account 100 00 

Footing $47,259 53 

16. Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 32 00 

H. T. Dana, agent, freights, Live Stock 33 50 

Edw. White, freights, etc.. Live Stock 37 00 

H. J. Rogers, bills paid, nine vouchers. Education 253 97 

JIary E. Alger, salary account. State Building 300 00 

John Allison, labor, State Building 60 00 

L. M. Howland, traveling expenses and .subsistence account.. 251 35 

Geo. B. Carpenter &. Co., awnings. State Building 6 75 

David ilackoff, salary account. State Building 75 00 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 35 60 

17. R. C. Milne, salary account 50 00 

6. A. Lar.sen, plumbing bill. State Building 150 80 

L. M. Howland, bills paid, "Transportation, S2; Horticulture, 

§11.30; Dairy, 518.73; General, 821.92; State Building, 

$246.05 ". 300 00 



620 



New, Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Oct. 17. L. M. Howlaud, bills paid, General, $30.80; State Building, 

§369.30 

L. M. Rowland, bills paid, General, §21.03; State Building, 
§278.98 

18. L. M. Howlaud, bills paid. General, §58.95; State Building, 

§2^16.05 

19. F. W. Hawley, bills paid. Live Stock 

Mar\' H. Barrell. salary accouut 

Jno. R. Jloynihan. postage stamps 

20. Wm. H. McElroy, traveling expenses, October, 1892 

Jas. R. Campbell, salary account ... 

A. D. Cronk & Co. , freight, use car. Live Stock 

The Wells & Newton Co., plumbing and awning repairs, 

State Building 

21. Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 

Helen A. Davis, bills and expenses, Workingman's Home... . 
T. F. Powers, salary account, Charities 

E. V. W. Rossiter, treasurer, freights. New York Central and 
Hiidsou River railroad. Live Stock 

23. P. V. Lyon, salary account. State Building 

Joh^ Foord. expense account 

jNIiss C. B. Dennis, expense account 

Western Union Telegraph Co., account for August 

B. jMcGiveuy, salary account, three months, State Building. . 

F. H. Elter, traveling expenses 

25. Jno.. H. Reynolds, salary account 

O. R. McKenzie, salarj' account. Charities 

26. American Express Co., freights. Dairy, $560.46; Agriculture, 

§69.70 

27. Paul E. Lepoids, electric goods. State Building 

P. T. Wall, salary account 

Kittie Monroe, salary account 

J. G. Steiger, labor. Dairy 

R. G. Milne, salary account 

Jas. F. Craig, salary account 

J. B. Didama, salary account. Wool department. Agriculture. 

Jas. W. Tappin, 1st district, traveling expenses, etc 

Geo. B. Gifford, electrician, tools, etc.. State Building 

Juliet jM. Preston, stenographer 

28. J. A. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 

Harriet L. Husted, salary and traveling expenses. Forestry. . 
Mrs! Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling and hotel expenses 

30. Geo. S. Stevens, Salary account 

C. N. Bentley, labor and expenses, State Building 

A. 6. Mack, salary acccount. State Building 

Wm. Schwarzwaelder & Co., packing, freight, etc., 1st dis- 
trict 

31. G. W. Bowman, salary and expenses, State Building 

H. J. Rogers, salary and nine bills paid. Education 

Frances T. Patterson, subsistence account 

Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture 

Mary A. Bradley, salary account, Horticulture 

Margaret Tomes, salary account. Women's Board 

Floi'ence C. Ives, salary account. Women's Board 

Anha I. Jenuyss, salary account. Women's Board 

Mary Blunk, salary account. Women's Board 

Mary Daly, salary account. Women's Board 

John Foord, salary accoimt 

A. G. Mack, traveling expenses. State Building 

L. E. Carpenter, salary account 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 

Nov. 1. T. W. Loftus. salary account, State Building 

Jas; R. Campbell, salary account 

Jnc. H. Reynolds, traveling expenses 

Helen A. Davis, bills paid, etc. Workingman's Home 

H. Bowen, salary and bills paid, Agriculture 



§400 00 
300 00 



300 


00 


45 


00 


100 


00 


9 


50 


50 25 


30 00 


60 00 


20 51 


40 00 


84 58 


80 00 


43 20 


50 00 


160 


00 


56 


79 


30 


69 


225 


00 


30 40 


100 


00 


40 


00 


576 


16 


75 


00 


200 00 


65 


00 


30 


00 


50 


00 


100 


00 


60 


25 


78 


65 


85 


00 


32 


00 


22 50 


70 


00 


121 


95 


200 00 


27 


00 


100 00 


48 


72 


104 25 


333 


78 


32 


00 


46 50 


46 50 


135 


00 


166 


66 


73 


00 


18 00 


30 00 


250 


00 


30 


17 


150 


00 


61 


32 


100 


00 


35 


00 


55 44 


103 


•?6 


161 


95 




a 



z 

tu 



> 

O 

o 



< 



!FrNA2fciAL Eepokt. 621 

Nov. 1. J. E. Didama, salary, Agriculture 

J. M. Thompson, boxing, pacliing, etc 

P. V. L^'on, salary account. State Building 

Geo. Hay ward, salary account. State Building 

2. World's Columbian Exposition, storage boxes. Scientific 

3. John Foley, salary account 

C. R. Scbraps, subsistence account, §204.80, General; and 

subsistence account, §970.40, State Building 

4. World's Columbian Exposition, storage of boxes, Charities. . . 

A. G. Foord. salary account. Scientific 

Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 

3Irs. J. R. Moynihan, assistant postmaster, salary account. 

State Building 

John R. 3Ioynihan, salary account and traveling expenses. 

State Building 

Florence C. Ives, bills paid, etc., 'Women's Board 

Emily Huntington, salary account and bills paid, Children's 

Building, Women's Board 

Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, etc 

G. W. Allen, hotel and traveling account 

A. D. Perry, salary and traveling account. Horticulture 

E. G. Fowler, salary and expenses. Horticulture 

6. C. E. Randall, labor. Viticulture and Horticulture 

W. J. Loftus, salary. State Building 

John Foord, subsistence account and expenses 

8. James Wood, traveling expenses and bills. Agriculture 

G. S. Stevens, tvrenty-nine bills paid, various exhibits. 

10. T. F. Powers, salary account. Charities 

11. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education 

Florence C. Ives, bills and expenses paid. Women's Board . . . 

13. O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities 

George S. Stevens, twent}- bills paid, miscellaneous exhibits. 

14. George S. Stevens, four bills paid, misceUaneous exhibits. . . . 

Footing 

15. W. I. Buchanan, chief Department Agriculture, forage, etc., 

Live Stock exhibit 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 

Ida y. Burch, salary accotmt 

E, S. Muuson, services and expenses soliciting exhibits. 

Dairy exhibit 

American Express Co., express on fruit. Horticulture 

Postal Telegraph Cable Co 

Knapp Bros., freight, etc.. Live Stock 

L. F. Doolittle, freights, etc.. Live Stock 

Jas. Seeley, freights, etc.. Live Stock : 

Freeman & Button, freights, etc.. Live Stock 

"Van Dresser Bros., freights, etc.. Live Stock 

Geo. Lough, freights, etc.. Live Stock 

Thos. N. Currv, freights, etc.. Live Stock 

E. W. Davis, freights, etc.. Live Stock 

J. H, Earll, freights, etc. , Live Stock 

16. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education 

P. T. Wall, traveling expenses 

18. P. T. Wall, salary account 

Chas. H. Peck, traveling expenses and bills paid. Scientific. . 

Geo. B. Gifford, salary account and traveling expenses. State 
Building 

Jas. J. Donlan. salary account and bills. Floriculture 

Garden City Aw-ning and Tent Co., repairs, etc.. Cooking 
School 

W. B. Conkej' Co., guide books 

The Wells &. !Xewton Co.. plumbing account. State Build- 
ing 

A. C. JlcClurg & Co., stationery 

Scrantom, Wetmore & Co. , stationery 



§120 00 


13 00 


20 00 


75 00 


45 33 


416 67 


1,175 20 


11 86 


85 00 


16 00 


200 00 


284 08 


86 09 


466 47 


44 70 


821 41 


288 37 


273 00 


78 75 


60 00 


142 00 


113 95 


800 00 


40 00 


111 87 


83 42 


40 00 


150 00 


53 33 


§60,000 00 


455 50 


100 00 


34 00 


54 87 


87 90 


19 06 


54 73 


81 90 


40 73 


37 04 


65 00 


44 93 


53 00 


38 18 


87 84 


436 81 


26 50 


100 00 


66 60 


134 50 


348 09 


60 00 


9 55 


5 50 


8 50 


58 65 



622 



New Toek at the "\Yoeld's Columbian Exposition. 



Nov. IS. Heath & Mlligan Manufacturing Co., floor polish, State 
Building 

Wells, Fargo & Co., October expressage. Dairy 

20. H. J. Rogers, freight charges, etc.. Education 

W. H. Holcomb, World's Columbian Exposition, carting, 
etc., various exhibits 

R. Bossermau, World's Columbian Exposition, storage, etc., 
various exhibits , 

World's Columbian Exposition, carting, plumbing, water sup- 
ply, etc. . various exhibits 

Western Union Telegraph Co., October, various exhibits. . . . 

D. Mackoff, salary account and traveling expenses. State 
Building 

Kittie Monroe, traveling expenses, Scientitio 

22. H. J. Rogers, salary account, bills, Education 

O. R. McKenzie, salary and expenses. Charities 

23. T. F. Powers, salary and expenses, Charities 

24. Freeman & Button, freight. Live Stock 

A. H. Cooley. freight. Live Stock 

Jas. E. Hazard, freight. Poultry 

C. E. Howell, freight. Poultry 

Ira L. Otis, freight. Live Stock 

J. F. Knox, freight, Poultrj- 

D. F. Wilber. freight, etc.. Live Stock 

J. A. Spraker, freight, etc. , Poultry 

G. Howard Davison, freight account. Live Stock. . .■ 

25. Byrne & Ryan, plumbing. Cooking School 

John H. Reynolds, salary account 

27. A. G. Foord, salary and traveling expenses. Scientific 

28. James R. Campbell, salary and traveling expenses 

Geo. B. Gilford, salary and traveling expenses. State Building. 
Geo. Hay ward, salary- and traveling account. State Building. 

29. John Foley, salary account 

Geo. S. Stevens, salary account 

L. E. Carpenter, salary account and traveling expenses 

J. H. Kintz, livery account 

E. G. Ferguson, carpenter. State Building and General 

J. R. Moynihan, salary and traveling expenses 

Mary E. Alger, salary account. StaFe Building 

T. W. Loftus. salary account. State Building 

J. F. Craig, salary account and traveling expenses 

W. J. Loftus, salary account. State Building 

B. McGiveny, salary, three months, etc., State Building 

R. C. ililne, salary and traveling expenses 

Chicago Wholesale Picture Co., frames 

G. W. Allen, bills paid, four months' account, board and trav- 
eling expenses 

Dec. 11. G. Warren Heath, freight, etc.. Poultry 

F. W. Hawley, freight, etc.. Live Stock 

B. J. Hurlbut, freight, etc., Live Stock 

John Foord, salarv account 

18. L. F. Doolittle, freight, etc. , Live Stock 

19. Geo. L. Cutter, insurance pictures. Fine Arts 

22. E. G, Ferguson, carpenter, various exhibits 

A. C. Johnson, labor. Forestry 

Mark S. Cook, labor. Forestry 

W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 

L. M. Howland, trailsportation and subsistence, bills paid, 

etc 

JohnH. Reynolds, freight and labor bills paid, various exhibits. 
John H. Reynolds, freight and labor bills paid, various exhibits. 
Geo. S. Stevens, fort_v-niue freight and labor bills, various 

exhibits 

1894. 

Jan. 18. Burton Stock Car Co. , rent two cars. Live Stock , 

E. W. Crumb, freight bills on stock, Live Stock 



§2 40 
20 47 
25 07 

51 58 

15 25 



211 


92 


28 


88 


104 


25 


30 


25 


190 


99 


36 


14 


62 


32 


10 


00 


38 00 


10 45 


4 


10 


18 30 


10 


00 


25 


50 


4 


15 


96 00 


206 


66 


100 


00 


97 


10 


59 


33 


133 


98 


75 


80 


416 67 


200 00 


186 


79 


148 


00 


195 


20 


143 


91 


300 


00 


100 00 


146 


75 


60 00 


186 50 


126 25 


29 00 


515 15 


5 20 


91 


00 


124 


33 


250 


00 


49 


90 


250 


00 


122 


20 


20 


00 


21 


33 


30 


57 


262 


63 


100 00 


200 CO 


553 41 


81 


65 


48 00 



Financial Report. 623 

Jan. 18. Metcalf Brothers, freight bills ou stock, Live Stocli 

G. W. Allen, transportatiou and subsistence expenses 

G. S. Stevens, salary account and nine bills paid, General and 

Horticulture 

John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses, freight and labor paid. 
John H. Re^-nolds, traveling expenses, freight and labor paid. 

Feb. 15. John H. Reynolds, salary account 

Marcli'21. John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses and freight bills paid. 
20. Geo. A. Stevens, bills paid 



§106 64 


85 80 


146 59 


100 00 


100 00 


100 00 


200 00 


34 78 



670,000 00 



SUMMAEY. 

Expenditures posted to following accounts: 

Board of General Managers, including amount of .§8,500 Proceeds of 

for expenses of dedication ceremonies in Chicago, Octo- ^hfbits°per^' 

ber, 1892, amoimt of $7,500 expenses of Troop A, mill- chapter 497 

tiiry escort, payments of §4.500 on State Relief Map, and Laws of 1893, 

all items not connected -n-ith the various distiict commis- ^^ P' 

sioners and designated exhibits §94,137 23 $1,331 35 

Board of Women Managers 49,999 48 3,193 98 

First Judicial District Commission 9,584 15 398 15 

Second Judicial District Commission 5,344 95 

Third Judicial District Commission 3,045 35 

Fourth Judicial District Commission 3,837 10 

Fifth Judicial District Commission 4,006 71 

Sixth Judicial District Commission 4,361 10 

Seventh Judicial District Commission 3,958 19 

Eighth Judicial District Commission 3,948 17 32 00 

New York State Building in Chicago, construction, decora- 
tion, etc., salaiy and labor, contingent expenses, furni- 
ture, fixtures, etc " 200,842 98 

Agriculture exhibit 18,356 86 150 69 

Dairv exhibit 18,897 31 5,167 38 

Horticulture exhibit 14,363 47 485 85 

Forestry exhibit 8,966 18 40 00 

Ethnology exhibit 9,743 45 3,243 31 

Educiitional exhibit 37,795 11 

Scientific exhibit 28,890 35 

Charities exhibit 8,457 90 

Columbian Celebration in New York city 10,000 00 

Croton Water exhibit 1,196 37 

Naval Review in New York harbor 4,319 30 

Floriculture exhibit 10,299 86 

Apiarian exhibit , 6,361 45 1,650 94 

Viticulture exhibit 4,378 88 

Transportation exhibit 7,610 92 

Foultrv exhibit 157 41 

Fine Arts exhibit 16,987 07 

Workingman's Model Home exhibit 4,134 70 637 79 

Quarantine exhibit 200 00 

State Board of Health exhibit 392 50 

New York Citv Board of Health exhibit 225 00 

Live Stock exhibit 6,722 56 



§597,512 05 $16,160 74 



SHORT SKETCH OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBM 

EXPOSITION. 



On Janiiarj 2i, 1S90, the House of Kepresentatives, by a majority 
vote, designated Cliieago as the place for liolding the Columbian Expo- 
sition. The hnal ballot stood : Chicago, 157 ; New York, 107 ; St. 
Louis, 25 ; Washington, IS. The bill, as finally amended, received the 
approval of President liarrison April 2S, 1890. Its full title reads : 
"An Act to provide for celebrating the iOOth anniversary of the dis- 
cover}' of America bj Christopher Columbus, by holding an interna- 
tional exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products of 
the soil, mine and sea, in the city of C'hicago, in the State of Illinois." 

On December 24, 1S90, Chicago having complied with all the con- 
ditions nominated in the bill. President Harrison issued a proclamation 
inviting the nations of the world to participate in the celebration. 

By provision of the act the buildings of the exposition were to be 
dedicated October 12, 1S92, afterwards changed to October 22, and 
tlie expo.sition opened May 1, 1893, to continue till October 30, 1893. 

Articles imported for exhibition from foreign countries wei'e admitted 
free of dut^', taut, if afterwards sold for use in the United States, were 
subject to payment of duties. The United States government was not 
to use a sum in excess of $1,500,000 for its exhibit. A naval review 
in New York ITarbor (see page 70) was ordered for April, 1893. 

The International Expositions. 



PLACE. 


Year. 


No. of 
exhibitors. 


Paid 

admissions. 


Dui-atioii, 
d.iys. 


Acreage, 
buildings. 


Aei-eage, 
grounds. 


London ' . . 


1851 
1855 
1862 
1867 
1873 
1876 
1878 
1889 
1893 


17,900 
33,000 
29,000 
52,000 
43,009 
60,000 
52.000 
60.000 
■MOO, 000 


6,039,195 
5,163.330 

6,311.103 

8,407,309 

7,354.687 

8.004,374 

13,623,847 

28,149.353 

21,477,213 


144 
300 
171 
317 
386 
159 
194 
183 
183 


31 

34.5 
23.5 
37 
40 
56 
60 

75.5 
143.5 




Paris 




Loudon 




Paris . 


50 


Vienna 


220 


Philadelphia 

Pai'is 


284.5 
50 


Paris 


238 




633 







* Approximate estimate by exposition authorities. 

GOVEENMENT. 

TJie government of the exposition was vested in two bodies : the 
"World's Columbian Commission and the World's Columbian Exposition. 

The World's Columbian Commission was composed of two commis- 
sioners from each State and Territory, including the District of Col- 
umbia, and eight commissioners-at-large. The State and territorial 



< 
-a. 



c 



,,1 



3 1 4 I S ' 6 ~\ : 

INDEX TO FOREIGN SITI 



Braail E-17 

Canada E-20 

Ccvlon C-18 

Colombia D-18 

Cosrn Rica D-18 



Eastludia E-18 

France C-IS 

Germany D-19 

Great Britain E-31 

Guatemala D-18 



INDEX TO MIDW/« 



Adams Express C< 
Algeria and Tuais.. F 

American Indians F-4 

„Uedouin Eufanipin't.G-3 
(^Brazilian Music HaU.F-3 

gCniro, Street P-7 

i:Cjiptive Ballo.tn F-1 

'^i^'liin(>sa,Vin.&Th'r..F-4 
'-'oinbination Booth.. F-5 

■ I'ahomev Villncre G-4 

Diainona?!atL-liCo.,F-U 
' I'ior. IJes.of Pumpeii F-7 
Eiirel Tower Sludel- F-6 
Electric Scenic Tb'r.Fia 

I 



G-I3 I Ferris Wheel F-6 

" FhetltQuard St i F-U.G-5 
Frfiicu Cidor Press.. G-5 

German Villap:e F-8 

Glass Spinning: G-6 

i^Ia(;rt.^nbec'- AninialsG-U 
Home ll"St:axirant ..G-10 
Hunff. Nat.Orpheum.G-2 

Ice Railway GO 

Indian Bazar F-5 

Inter.Dress&Cos.Co.F-lS 
Irish Industries G 14 



Irish VUlag 




n 



Adminiftrntion.N-18 Echnograpli.Ex.O 
Ad. & Coll. i;dp .1 15Ex. B'g&Barn.,R-16 

AgricuU.Impl'ttO-^i Fisheries F-18 

ABricultiire... .0-22 Fish Storage Yd. K-19 

AnthropolofficalQ-2o,Fores[ry (3-25 

Armv fcfospital .H-19 FreuchBak'yEx.P-2L' 
Art Galleries ,..C-17|Frencb Colonies Q-24 

Art Gall. E. An. C.18 Gov. Plaza H 19 

Art Gall. W. An. C-ir.iGt.W. Horse Inn 0-2;J 
Australian Squat- 'Green House 1-14 

ters' Hut K I7;Harbor 1-24 

BaDdStandI-21.M 19. Hayward Rest M 16 

Nltf Homeop.Headq.G-14 

Banquet Hall . .E-19;Horticulture ..ll-ir. 

Basin 1-15. M-20 Hunters' dnip K-17 

Bernheim Bros, Hygeia Coolingr 

Whisky EX....Q-23 Plant N16 

Black3mithShopQ-18|l. C. 59th and 00th 
Blocker's Cocoa St. Sta G-13 

Windmill Q-23 I. C. So. P. Sta.. A13 

Boat Landlnit.. G-16.!l.C.W'dla«Ti ytn.L-ll 

H-16. J-16. K 17,Q 23;Indian School. . . 0-23 
British Guiana .P-24 Intram.(El)RRSta 
linf.BiU'HW'dW.K IHj F-19, A-17,B-li. F-U 
Cafe&Natafm. N-24 J-U, M-16,0-1C. P-21 
CaCude Marine F-171 and Q-2.T 

Caravels oi Col. N 23 Isabella Booth. K-21 
Carpenter Shop Q Iljlzajik Walton's 

Car Shops R-2r. House D-18 

Casino M-23 Jackson's House P-14 

Charging Station IJap. Tea House . - E-17 

forXamichus. 0-23 Kiichen R-14 

Children's Bidg.G 1 5 Knipp's Gun Ex 0-24 

Chocol. Menier.NlR Lagoon.. K-18 

Choral BIdg J 15 Landscape Dpt .8-25 

Clam Bake E-19 Leather Exh....P-24 

Cliff Dwellers-. Q-24LifeSav. Sta ...F-19 

Coal Shed Q-18 Lighthouse Exh, F-19 

Cold Storage, . . .0-15, Log Cabin Q-23 

Colonnade P 21 Logger's Camp .P-20 

Columb. Foun . N 19 Lnmber Yard ..Q-15 

Cora Booths 1-20,J-21 Machinery P-19 

Conc'yClear'gH.Q-15 Macb. Annex .. P-17 
Conv.LaRabfda.N 23Mach. Shop and 

Crane Co QISl Boiler House. Q-lfl 

Dairv Q-24 Manitoba Exh. (M4 

DaiiT Birns. . R 21 Mnfrs »& Llb.Ai-tK-20 
Distfllerv Exh. K 25 Mer. Tall. Exh E-I6 
Ducker HospitalG-H Merck&Co.,DrugFH 

mvelling S-24!Mid. Plaisance . .F-6 

Electric Foun's M-19 Mines L-17 

El.ctricity ... .L-l» Model Sun, Sch'l D-14 
Encle's iiarbage M'w. Sidfwalk .L-2.i 

Furnace 8-27 Music Hall I..-22 

Esquimaux Vm A-H Naval Exh . F-2I 



GENERAL INDI 



Naval Ob6 
News Sta' 
North Cai 
North In! 
North Lo« 
North Po) 
N. W. Poi 
N. Y'. W. 

nion's I 
Obeliik ., 
Offlci- Elei 
Oil House 
Oil Indus 
Oil Tank ' 
Old Tiroes 
Ore Minit 
Outs'd Ex 
Gei 
Ma 
Outside 

Trans. 
Paint Shi 
Penn. RR 
Peristyle 
Perron . . . 
Photo Bl( 

Pier 

Polish Ca 
Portab le '. 
Posse Gv 
Power H< 
Pub, Com 

Puck 

Pura pHot 
R.R. Dep 
Restaura 
Rest. For 
RollingCl 
Rosbach I 
Rose Ga 
Ruins of^ 
Russian J 
Sawmill . 
Scales Ofi 
Service B 
Sewage C 
Signal St£ 

Silos 

Smith Co 
Smith, C 

Eastmn 
Soda Pav 
SouthCar 
South Inl 
South Lo( 



I 

< 



"index to foreign sites 'and buildings 



Brazil 

Cnrmtia 

HJfvl"n 

ICi'lombfo 

CoKfiL Rica-. 

.WlalIl;^ Expi' 
Alk'i- 



,..E-I7 
,,.B-20 
...C'-IH 
,..1)-IH 
,..D-1B 



East Iiitlia 

Fninco 

Oermany 

Great Britain. 
Guatemala . 



.E-18 
. .(;-!« 
D-IU 
.E-21 
,.D-18 



Haiti E-19 

Japan G-IC 

New South Wales -E-IO 

Norway B-19 

Slam... D-W 



INDEX TO MIDWAY PLAISANCE. 



<-|-|C'l 



I hi 



L.Uni/.)lljin iMii 
Si'nln., Ktn-et 
glliii.dvo llnllO'in 

''iMJll'ilHtliirll I! 

hiilK.irify Villi.i 
)lHiii<,rHl Mi,tvh 



Th' 



.P'l 
.Vi 

u...F-r, 
,(;-4 



K 

I K 7 

Ji:ilh'ITuwriM<i-l.-l i''-fi 
ICluctrIc Scenic Tli'r.I'M'-i 



K.-iTlH Wheel F-O 

lii.<4GiiaiaSU F-14.G6 
I ( Mcii Cider Press.. G-S 

111 riMivn VUiage F-S 

<Ju.-ifl Spianlng; 0-6 

HnKf;nbec'- AninialsG-U 
Homo U-Btaumnt ..G-10 
Hiiritr. Niit.Oi'pheum.G-3 

Ice llfillway ...G-C 

Iiidlun Bczar F-5 

liitor.Diesa&Co8.Go.F-l3 

IrlHh Intiuatrles G 14 

IiiKh Village F-ll 

nneso Ba/ar F-U 



Javanese Sctlin't. G-lf> 
Liiplaiiil Village ...G-:i 
Libhev Glass C0....F-I2 
Military Enu...F-2, G-^ 

Jloorish Falace G-7 

Natatorium G-0 

NL'wEnk'.LogCabinG-lS 
Nursery Ex... F13,G-I3 

Old Vienna G-4 

Ostrich Farm F-3 

Piino. Bt-rnese Alpa,G-9 
Pauo. Volcano Kil- 

aueau.,... F-5 

Pariw an Store 



Spi 
Sweden... 
Turkey .. 
Venezuela 



South fr 
Persian Concession ..F-7^^- 
Ilailroad Station — Gil 

Restaurant G-7. 

Samoan Islanders.. .G-iO 
Sitting Bull's Camp. .F-3 
South Sea Islanders. G-10 

.St. Peler, Model G 

Turkish Village G 

U.S. Submarine Ex., G-12 /' 
Venice Murano Co ..G-Il !• 
Vienna Caf6 F " 



Adinlnl;'tmM..ii,NI«iI0ihTiograph.Ex.O 2* 
Ad.>V(;uli, IlilK I ir.;Kx.U'K&Barn..R-10 

Aprri(iiii.Iiiipr(.f<>^M''i.'<herios F-18 

AKrlciillun. . I) :;'i.l<'iMh Storage Yd. K-10 

Aiithrn|H.loK'l(!iilO'.!r.|l'''H-eRiry Q-af) 

Annv llo^piUl H IH l''nnchf!ak'yE.\.P-2a 
Artrtalli^ricii . (M7!l'"ri'nch ColoniB3Q-24 

Art (!i>li. 10. An. t!.18|Giiv. Pla/,a H 19 

ArtUall. W. Aii.C-1.'^. Ot.W.Hovso Inn O" 

I AiiHtralliinSniitit- Greoii ilouse 1-14 

] teiV Hut K 17 Harbor T.-24 

BaudStundI-21.M ill, lliiywiivd Hest.M _ 

K 111 ili.inoop.Headq.G-U 

U Banquet Hall K, Hi ll.irllfiiUinv ..H-16 

BaHln l-Ut. M ^11 HinitiM-s' CiimpK-l? 



liii Bro» 

Whisky EX....Q-2S 
HIiu-ktmithHhopQ 18 
lUoukor's Couon 

Windmill Q'i.i 

Boat LandliiR,. O-lfl, 



H 1(1.J-16. K 17,0 2:1 

rItlshOiilanii .V'H 

Hiif.Hill'HW.lW.K i;i 

U'afe ANiili.I'm. X \H 
ICiilodrMiuini' V 17 
Isol t'ul.N23 
teiShop.Q U 

lips R-2r. 

St'ii'^ln" M-2;i 

t^hiiiKliifrHt.rition 

for l.ininelins, () Sli 
Ohil.livirsilhlK.i! I-V 
iMeillLT.N-IKi 



llygela Cooling 

I'Tant N 10 

l.C.&Oth and 00th 

St. Sta G-13 

1. C. So. P, Sta.. A-13 

l.O.W'dlawncta.L-11 

ludian School.. .0-23 

lntram.(El)RRSta 

F-IO, A-17,B-14, F-U 

J-U. M-l6,0-ir>, P-21 

and 0-25 

Isabella Booth. .K.-21 

Izaak Walton's 

House D-18 

Jackson's House F-14 
.lap, Tea House. ,E-n 

Kli.'lu'n IM4 

Kiiipi.'s GunExO-24 
k'ooii K-18 



lUiuml Hldg .( liiiLaiiducape Dpt .S-2.i 

■" " ■- Leather Exh....P-2i 

LlfoSiiv. Sta,...F-19 
Ughthouae Exh.F-19 

Log Cabin Q" 

Lugger's Camp ,P- 
' •raber Yard " 



.E-19 
.0,-24 

M 

I' 31 
N 111 



10,. I 31 Muchliici'y ... 



Oliiin lliike'; 
Olill IhvoUors. 

CiinlSlicd 

Cold SlovuKO,. 

Oolarmado 

Oolumb. I'oiiu. 
Com Uooths I. 

Cono'HClivir'RrU.olfi MaiMi. Annex 
Conv.LaHabltln. N 3:1 Maeli, 

Urano Co 

Dairy 

l)nlivllini». , 
I'lstlllerv Ksh. 
l)uclii;iH„>,|,ltiiI(l.il:Merek&Co..brugF-ii 

"•'•lll"i; sji'Mlil. l>lulsanoe...F-6 

Kli'i'tri,' Konu^ M liv:\liiu's L-17 

lOl.elri.lly ,1, IsHoih.lSun.Sch'l D-U 
I'.iiitle's l)i.rliai;i' Mov. Sict.'walk .L-2.i 

I'UriiiU'v S.'j; Musir Hall L-22 

Ksquinmvix VIU ,\-ll Navol Exli . F-21 



p. 1(1 

r-17 

Shop and 

ml BollcrHoii.se. Q-19 

,, -MlMiuiltoha Exh...C-U 

1! ■;iiMiilrs.&Llb.AitK-20 

I! ■-•...Mor. Tall. Exh -E-16 



Naval Ohnerv'y..F.20 

News Stand K-21 

North Canal L-l» 

North Inlet E.22 

.North Loop G-18 

North Pond D-17 

N. VV. Pond B-H 

N. Y. Working- 
man's Home ..0-24 

Obelisk P-21 

Offlce Elec. Uept P-20 

Oil House P14 

Oil Industries.. .Q-10 
Oirionk Vault . B-20 
01dTime3Dis.Co.R-24 
Ore Mining Co.-N-ls 
Outs'd Exh. Ger.Q-21 
Ger.Maeh.P-19 

Maeh Q-19 

Outside Exhibit 
Trans. Dept...K-I4 

Paint Shop. P-» 

Penn. RU. Exh..N-16 

Peiistyle K-23 

Perron 0-17 

Photo Bldg J-H 

Pier I.-26 

Polish Care E-18 

Portab !eHoU8es.R-25 

Posse Gym E-18 

Power House. ...R.\ 
Piib.Comt. A-16, E-16 

Puck G-lfj 

Pum pHouse P.20 S-2fl 

R.K. Depot 0-17 

Kesta urant B-lfi 

Rest. For. King. 021 
RollingOhair CoH-20 

Rosbach Co P- 

Rose Garden J-17 

Ruins ofYucatanQ-21 
Russian Kiosk . .1-20 

Sawmill 

Scales Offlce... 
Sei-\'ice Building J-15 
Sewage Cl.W'ks..S-5.i 
Signal Station... R-16 

Silos S-21 

Smith Coi-'g Co. R-16 
Smith, Crimp & 

Eastman R-14 

Soda Pavilion . , E-20 
SouthCanal. 
South Inlet. 
South Loop . 



■K 



. -O-20 
.N-2t 
.0-23 



SoulhPond P-2.3 

S.S.Rap.Tra.Sta.M-16 
Statue America. .E-20 
Statue Franklin M-18 ^ 
Stat, of Republic. L-22 
Stat. Wm. Penii.l U 
Stereo- Building Q-19 
Stock Exhibit. .R-20 
StoekPavilioii...P.21 
Swedish Rest....E-17 
Terminal R. R...0-16 
Terminal Sta.... 0-17 
Transportation. L-16 
Type Life Boats. F-19 
U.S. Bn'dW-h(A)R-15 
U. .s. Gov't 

Building. H-l» 
U.S. Wind En. 

&P'mpCoN-15 
Vonderbilt 

RR.Exh..M-16 ._ -- 

VanHoilten& j!£|»«|i 

Zoon Co.H-20 "»«"; Ml 
Viking S'p F-20 81^^011 /■/ 
WnlterBuker 

&Co K- 

VV.M.Lowney 

Go's Pay. .L-22 
Wareh'se Q-16. 
R-16 
Warehouses 

(B&C)...R-19 
Waieh's for 

Pk. Cases S-16 
W.C.E.B'rnO-14 
Weath.BurF-19 
Wellington 

Catering 

Co Jl-23 

W, stinghouse's 

Office.... Q-IS 
Westinghouse 

Co'sSto'h R-16 
WhalingBurk 

" Progr's"P-23 
WhiteSlar 

Line G-16 

\Vindmills.Q-23 
Woman's 

Building..F-16 
Wooded 

Island J-17 

Yards of 

Bid's & 

Gr'ds Q-U 




Historical Sketch. 625 

commissioners were appointed by their respective Governors, the 
others by tlie President. An alternate vras also appointed for each in 
case the original apiDointee could not serve. The duties of the commis- 
sion were to accept such plans for site and buildings as were submitted 
by the World's Columbian Exposition ; determine the plan and scope 
of 'the exposition ; allot space to exhibitors ; supervise the classifica- 
tion and installation of exhibits ; provide for awards, and have gen- 
eral charge of all matters relating to exhibitors and foreign represen- 
tatives. The compensation of commissioners was six dollars per day, 
while on business of the commission, and actual ti-aveling expenses. 
The officers of the commission were : President, Thomas W . Palmer, 
Michigan ; lirst vice-president, Thomas M. Waller, Connecticut ; 
second vice-president, M. H. De Young, California ; third vice-presi- 
dent, Davidson B. Penn, Louisiana ; fourth vice-president, Gorton W. 
Allen, New York ; fifth vice-president, Alexander B. Andrews, North 
Carolina ; secretary, John T. Dickinson, Texas ; director-general, 
George P. Davis, Illinois. 

The World's Columbian Exposition was an Illinois corporation, 
organized to comply with the terms of the act of Congress authorizing 
the fair. Its duties were to provide grounds and buildings for the 
recejjtion of exhibits ; to provide for the transportation and protec- 
tion of visitors ; collect admissions, and in general control the finan- 
cial interests of the fair. The corporation was represented by its 
board of directors ; the ofKcers wei-e : President, Harlow N. Higin- 
botham ; vice-presidents, Ferdinand W. Peck and Robert A. Waller ; 
secretary, Howard 0. Edmonds ; treasurer, Anthony F. Seeberger ; 
auditor, William K. Ackerman ; director of works, Daniel H. Burnham. 

It was inevitable that the province of each board should seem at 
times to overlajj the territoiy of the other. To remedy this, a Board 
of Reference and Control, composed of members of each of the princi- 
pal boards, was created, and afterwards a Council of Administration, 
composed of two members from each board. This arrangement was 
far from satisfactory, and after the exposition was fairly vmder way, 
and it Ijecame imperative that matters, of administration should be 
decided without delay, the Director-general was made the chief execu- 
tive officer of the fair, and the Director of Works subordinate. 

Board of Lady Managers. 

The act of Congress also provided for a Board of Lady Managers, 
two from each State and Territory, nominated by the national com- 
missioners thereof, one nominated by each commissioner-at-lai'ge, and 
nine from the city of Cliicago appointed by President Ilarrison. 
Alternates were also appointed, and the compensation of the membei's 
of the board was the same as for the Board of National Connnissioners. 
The powers and duties of the Board of Lady Managers were to man- 
age and control the Woman's Building; to be represented on all juries 
of awards examining products in which female labor was a factor ; and 
in general to look after the interests of women at the exposition. 

The officers of the board were : President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, 
Illinois; first vice-president. Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, New York; 
secretary, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke. Tennessee. 

79 



626 JSTew Yoek at the Woki-d's Columbian Exposition. 



World's Congress Auxiliary. 

An authorized adjunct of the exposition was the World's Congress 
Auxiliary, designed '' to supplement the exhibit of material progress 
hj the exposition, by a portrayal of the wonderful achievements of the 
new age in science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, 
morals, charity, religion and other departments of human activity, as 
tlie most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, pros- 
perity and peace of mankind." It was a series of congresses at which 
were collected the best minds in the world, and tJie latest theories and 
discoveries on all social and moral topics were fully discussed. The 
work performed by this international interchange of ideas was in the 
highest degree valuable to human progress. Tlie officers of the 
World's Congress Auxiliary were : President, Charles C. Bonney ; 
vice-president, Thomas B. Bryan ; treasurer, Lyman J. Gage ; secre- 
taries, Benjamin Butterworth and C. E. Young. 

The meetings of the congress were held at the Art Institute, on tlie 
lake front, Michigan avenue, foot of Adams street. 

Departments. 

The exposition in reference to exhibits was classified by the ISTational 
Commission in thirteen great dejaartments, subdivided into 176 groups, 
containing 968 classes. Each department was presided over by a 
chief and executive staff, who, subject to the rules of the exposition, 
controlled all minor matters concerning exhibits and exlnbitors, and 
were responsible to the National Commission for all acts. The depart- 
ments were as follows : 
A. — Agriculture, food and its accessories, agricultural machineiy 

and appliances. Chief, W. I. Buchanan. 
B. — Horticulture. Chief, J. M. Samuels; Superintendent Floricul- 
ture, John Thorpe ; Superintendent Pomology, Charles 
Wright ; Superintendent Viticulture, TI. M. La Hue. 

C. — Live Stock : Domestic and Wild Animals. Chief, W. I. Buchanan. 

D. — Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products and Apparatus of Fishing. 

Chief, J. W. Collins. 

E. — Mines, Mining and Metallurgy. Chief, Frederick J. Y. Skiff. 

F. — Machinery. Chief, L. W. Robinson. 

G. — Transportation : Railways, Yessels, Vehicles. Chief, Willard 

A. Smith. 

II. — Manufactures. Chief, James Allison. 

J. — Electricity and Electrical Appliances. Chief, John P. Barrett. 

K. — Fine Arts: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Decoration. 
Chief, Halsey C. Ives. 

L. — Liberal Arts : Educati6n, Engineering, Public Works, Construc- 
tive Architecture, Music and the Drama. Chief, Selim H. 
Peabody ; Superintendent Hygiene, F. W. Brewer ; Superin- 
tendent Education, Wm. O. Pratt ; Superintendent of Chari- 
ties and Corrections, jST. S. Rosenau ; Director ' of Music, 
Theodore Thomas. 



Historical Sketch. 627 

M. — Ethnology, Arcliseologv : Progress of Labor and luvention, Iso- 
lated and Collective Exhibits. Chief, F. W. Putnam. 
X. — Forestry and Forest Products. Superintendent, L. M. Evans. 
United States Government Exhibit. Chairman, Ed\viii Willits ; 

secretary, F. T. Bickford. 
Other departments connected with the executive government of 
the fair were : 
O. — Pulilicity and Promotion. Chief, Moses P. Handy. 
P. — Foreign Affairs. Chief, "Walker Fearu. 

Bureau of Awards. Executive conmiittee, John Boyd Thacber, 
chairman ; A. T. Britton, A. B. Andrews, W. J. Sewell, B. B. 
Smalley. 
Bureau of Admissions and Collections. Superintendent, Horace 

Tucker. 
Bureau of Pulilic Comfort. Chief, W. Marsh Kasson. 
Bureau of Decoration and Entertainment. Chief, F. D. Millet. 
Bureau of Transportation. Chief, "W. H. Holcomb. 
Columbian Guard. Commandant, Col. Ednmnd Rice, U. S. A. 
Fire Department. Chief, Edward "W". Murphy. 

Architectuee. 

The selection, on Julj' 1, 1890, of Jackson Park and the large area 
of iinimj)roved land south of it as the site for the exposition gave the 
architects and landscape gardeners a splendid opportunity for a display 
of creative genius. The exposition officials chose Frederick Law 
Olmsted, Xew York, landscape architect ; Daniel H. Burnham, 
Chicago, chief architect ; J. W. Eoot, Chicago, consulting architect, 
and Charles B. Atwood, Xew York, designer-in-chief. It was wisely 
determined not "to intrust the designing of the buildings to any one 
man or firm, but to summon the most noted exponents of American 
architecture to aid in the work. 

The location of buildings and plans of water and railways were 
^jractically those of Boot, Olmsted & Codmau after consultation with 
the leading architects. The great buildings about the Court of Honor 
were treated ^vith special care, and intrusted to architects in sympathy 
with the same methods and principles. The buildings had a depend- 
ence on each other, not the case in other parts of the grounds, and were 
made to harmonize in character. The uniform stj'le adopted by the 
architects was necessarily expressive of the highest civilization and 
free from any romantic or picturesque features. The Roman classic 
was the form agreed upon as best fulfilling all conditions and capable 
of variations according to the best Italian and Renaissance models. 
The architects further agreed that the module of proportion for the 
structure of the facades should be a bay not exceeding twentj'-five 
feet in width nor sixty feet in height to top of main cornice. In all 
other respects the genius of each artist was left free to treat the sub- 
ject as the space and utility seemed to warrant. The result commanded 
tlie admiration of the world. The material was temporary, which may 
provoke the argument that it was not true art, yet it was still the most 
inagniticient portrayal of tlie possibilities of art ever witnessed. 



62S 



IS^EW YoEK AT THE WoELd's CoLnjIBIAN EXPOSITION. 



The material which rendered possible this counterfeit of architecture 
is known as " staff." It was invented in France about 18Y6, and was 
first used at the Paris Exposition in 1878. Its constituents are 
powdered gypsnm chiefly, with alumina, glycerine and dextrine. It 
is mixed with water without heat and cast in molds in any desired 
form. In molding it is mixed with coarse shreds of cloth, bagging or 
other fibrous material to prevent its being brittle. Staff is water- 
proof, takes paint readily, and its cost is one-twelfth that of marble. 

It is sjjecially a matter of pride to New York that all of the 
prominent sti'uctures in the vista of the Court of Honor were the 
work of New York architects. The only exceptions were the 
Machinery and Electricity buildings on the extreme southwest and 
northwest corners. Not only that, but the designing of the court itself 
and its chief features, the Peristyle, Colonnade, statue of the " Pepublic," 
Columbia and electric fountains were also done by New York artists. 

The following data concerning the principal buildings are of interest : 



BUILDINGS. 



Administration . 

Agriciiltlu'e 

Antliropology . . 

Art Palace 

Dairy 

Electricity 

Fisheries 



Forestry 

Horticulture 

Leather and Shoe . 

Machinerj' 

Boiler House 

Manufactures 

Mines and Mining . 

Stock Pavilion 

Stock Sheds 

Terminal 



Architect. 



Richard M . Hunt, New York 

McKim, Mead & White, New York. 

Exposition officials 

Charles B. Atwood, New York. . . 

Exposition officials 

Van Brunt & Howe, Kansas City. . . 



Henry Ives Cobb, Chicago. 



Charles B. Atwood, New York. 

W. L. B. Jenney, Chicago 

Exposition officials 

Peabody & Stearns, Boston .... 



George B. Post, New York 

S. S. Beman, Chicago 

Exposition officials 

Exposition officials 

Charles B. Atwood, New York . 

Adler & Sullivan, Chicago 



Transportation . . . 

Woman's Sophia G. Hayden, Boston 

Thirty other buildings — Casino, Music Hall, Choral Hall, 
La Rabida, Indian School, etc. 



U. S. Government . . . 

Battleship, "Illinois 

State and foreign build- 
ings (approximate) 

Midway P 1 a i s a n c e 
buildings (approxi- 
mate) . 

Children's Building . . . 



W. J. Edbrooke, Washington. . 



Size in feet. 



262 X 262 
( 500 X 800 
■) »312x550.5 
415 X 255 
(320x500 
1 *1.36x200(2) 
94.1x199.8 
345 X B90 
( 162.1x361 1 
-, * 135 in diam- 
I eter (2) 

208 X 528 

250.8x997 8 

150 X 625 

( 494 X 842 

'I *490x651 

86x103 6 

787x1,687 

350 X 700 

265 X 960 



450 X 150 
I 256x960 
1 *435 X 850 
198.8x398 



351x421 
69 X 348 



Acres of 
floor space 
including 
galleries. 



4.5 

(15 

} 4 

8 6 

(4.6 

11.4 

.8 

9.3 

(1.4 
■| •" 

2.6 

8 

4.3 
(17 
1 6.2 

2 2 
44'" 

8.6 



(9 4 

"I 8.5 

3.3 



208.8 
6.2 



15.2 
9 



.3 



240.1 



Cost. 



$436,500 

691,500 

200,000 

670,500 

30,000 
418,500 

224,750 

90.230 
287,000 
100,000 

1,050,750 

75.000 
1,600.750 
266.500 
125.000 
210,000 
300,000 

369,000 

188,000 

738,000 



88,017.000 
400,000 
100.000 

2,250,000 



1.500.000 
30,000 



S12,297;000 



* Annex. 



The cost of the Paris ('89) buildings was $5,826,408. No reliable 
figures on the cost of the Paris ('78) and Philadelphia expositions are 
known, as both fairs were run at a great loss and no report made. 



HiSTOEicAL Sketch. 629 



Aet. 

The most promiueut works of art which adorned the grounds were : 

The Cokimbia Fountain, in the western section of the Conrt of 
Honor, designed hx Frederick McMonnies, now resident in Paris, bnt 
a-native American. The design is idealistic of modern liberty. A 
barge, guided by Time and heralded by Fame, carries Columbia, seated 
on a throne. On one side are four rowers, representing the Arts, and 
on the other four, representing Science, Industry, AgTicnlture and 
Commerce. Preceding the barge are eiglit seahorses in groups of two, 
ridden l:iy eight young men, representative of modern commerce. The 
circular base was 15<;i feet in diameter, and on each side were columns 
lifty feet high, surmounted by eagles. See page 140. 

Tlie statue of the '• Kepublic," in the eastern section of the Conrt of 
Honor, designed by Daniel C. French, of New York. The figure 
is sixty-five feet high, and of wonderful symmetry. The head, neck 
and arms were finished in old ivory, after copies of the Jupiter and the 
ilinerva of Phidias, while the rest of the form and drapery was of 
bronze or gilt. See page 344. 

The magnificent examples of Grecian architecture, the Peristyle and 
Colonnade, which inclosed the com't on the east and soutli, designed 
by Charles B. Atwood, of Xew York. 

The Columbus Quadriga, surmounting the central arch of the Peris- 
tyle, designed by D. C. French and E. C. Potter, of jSTew Yoi-k. 
It represents Columbus as he appeared in the triumphal fete given on 
his return from his first voyage. The central figure of the great dis- 
coverer is fourteen feet high, and admirably posed. Four horses draw 
the chariot, Jed by two women. The life and syirit of the group were 
a great triumph to the artists, and by many it was considered the finest 
work on the grounds. 

The statue of Columbus, in front of the Administration Building, 
by Mary T. Lawrence, a pupil of Augustus St. Gaudens. The figure 
represents Columbus with tiie banner of Castile and Arragon in liis 
hand, taking possession of America. It is heroic in model and treatment. 

The statue of Benjamin Franklin, in the portal of the Electricity 
Building. It was the work of Carl Rohl-Smith, and represents the 
philosopher \vith his kite and key tempting the lightning from the 
clouds. 

In the southern portion of the Grand Canal, fronting the Colonnade, 
was a magnificent obelisk, surrounded by groups of lions, designed by 
i[. A. Waagen. Adoi-ning the bridges aud overlooking the lagoons 
were the celebrated bulls, by E. C. Potter, the draught horses, by Pot- 
ter and French, cowboy and pony and Indian and ])ony. by A. P. Proc- 
tor, and the buffaloes, bears, elks, and panthers, by Edward Kemeys 
and A. P.. Proctor. The statue of Diana, by Augustus St. Gaudens, 
which adorns the dome of tiie Agricultural Building, was the original 
one designed for the Madison Square Garden, Xew York, and afterwards 
replaced by a smaller one. Hundreds of groups, typical and orna- 
mental, adorned the exteriors and interiors of the buildings, designed 
by such eminent artists as Karl Bitter, Philip Martiny, Lorado Taft, 



630 



New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Joluinn Gelert, Larkiu ]\Iead, John J. Bojle and others, and in all 
formed a collection of models which cannot fail to have deeply 
impressed and educated the American public. 

National and International Suppoet. 

The widespread interest taken in the fair by the States of the Union 
and the countries of the world is strikingly evidenced by the appended 
tables. 

The amounts appropriated by the States and Territories of the Union, 
for defraying cost of State buildings and exhibits, are as follows; each 
state had a building of its own except Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, 
Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee and 
Alaska Territory. A joint building was erected by the territories of 
Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma. 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Califox'nia . . . . 

Colorado 

Connecticut.. . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky . . . . 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massaclmsetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota. . . . 
Mississippi. . . 

Missouri 

Montana . . . . 

Nebraska 

Nevada 



538,000 

30,000 

55,000 

550,000 

167,000 

75,000 

20,000 

50,000 

100,000 

100.000 

800, OUO 

135,000 

180,000 

165,000 

175,000 

36,000 

57,000 

60,000 

175,000 

375,000 

150,000 

25,000 

150,000 

100,000 

85,000 

10,000 



New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York ; 

North Carolina . . 
North Dakota... . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . . 
Rhode Island. . . 
South Carolina . . 
South Dakota. . . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

"Washington 

"West Virginia. . . 

"Wisconsin 

"Wyoming 



§25,000 

180,000 
35,000 

600,000 
45,000 
70,000 

200,000 
17,500 
60,000 

360,000 
57,500 
50,000 
85,000 
35,000 
40,000 
50,600 
39,750 
75,000 

100,000 
40,000 

212,000 
30,000 



Total $6,060,350 



The foreign nations made the following appropriations to make and 
maintain exhibits : 
Argentine Republic §1 00, 000 



Austria.. 

Belgium 

Barbados 

*Brazil 

British Guiana 

British Honduras. . . 

*Canada 

Cape Colony 

*Ceylon 

*C'olombia 

*Costa Rica 

Cuba 

Danish "V\''est Indies. 



103,800 

57,000 

5,840 

600,000 

25,000 

7,500 

100,000 

5f),000 

65,500 

100,000 

150,000 

25,000 

1,200 



867,000 

10,000 

5,000 

125,000 

733,000 

*Germa.ny 800,000 



Denmark 

Dutch Guiana. . . . 
Dutch "W^est Indies. 

Ecuador 

*France . 



*Great Britain . 

Greece 

*6uatemala. 

Hawaii 

*Hayti 

Honduras.. . . 

India 

Jamaica 



391,000 
60.000 

300,000 
40,000 
25,000 
20,000 
30,000 
24,300 



* Erected government buildings for exhibits and headquarters of commissioners. 



HisTOKicAL Sketch. 



631 



*Japau §630,000 



Lei'ward Islrnds. . 

Liberia 

Mexico 

Morocco 

•'New Soutb Wales 

Netherlands 

New Zealand 

Nicaragua 

^Norway 

Orange Free State.. 

Paraguay 

Peru 



6,000 

7,000 

50,000 

IdO.OWt 

243,325 

100,000 

27.500 

31,000 

56,280 

7,500 

100,000 

140,000 



Russia 

Salvador 

San Domingo. 

*Siam 

*Spain 

"Sweden 

Trinidad 

*Turkey .... 

Uruguay 

"^Venezuela. . . 



§46,330 
12,500 
25,000 
35,000 

300,000 

108,000 
15,000 
17,466 
24,000 

100,000 



Total §0,951,531 



* Erected government buildings for exhibits and headquarters of commissioners. 

Attendance. 

While the Chicago Exposition did not. as was fondly hoped, excel 
all previon.s records in attendance, it so closely approached them, 
under adverse conditions, as to practically triumph over its com- 
petitors. The price of admission, double that of Paris, its closest 
rival, the distance to be traveled by sightseers, the high rates prevail- 
ing on many railroads till late in the season, and the comparatively 
small population within a radius of one hundred miles, render the 
figures actually recorded a marvel. 

The following table gives the montlily and total attendance in com- 
parison with Paris and Philadelphia : 





Chicago. 


Paris, 1889. 


Philadel- 

PIHA, 1871). 




Paid admis- 
sions. 


Passes. 


Total. 


Paid admis- 
sions. 


Paid admis- 
sions. 


May 

June 

July 


1,050,037 
3,675,113 
2,760,363 
3,515,493 
4,659,871 
6,816,435 


481,947 
903,721 
1,217,239 
1,172.215 
1,149,071 
1,128,995 


1,531,984 
3,577,834 
3,977,502 
4,687.708 
5,808,943 
7,945,430 


2,610,813 
4,338,869 
4,544,196 
4,977,093 
5,246,704 
4,820.869 
1,610,810 


378.980 
695,666 
636 518 


August 

September 

October 

^November .... 


908.684 
2,130,931 
2,334.530 

918 965 












Total 


31,477,213 


6,052,188 


27,539,400 


28,149,3.53 


8,004,274 



* Tile Chicago figures do not include post-exposition attendance. 

jSTo very accurate comparison can be made between Chicago's paid 
admissions and Paris'. The admission fee in Paris was one franc, but 
before eleven a. >i. and in the evening two tickets were i-eqnired for 
admission, and on some special fete days five tickets wei'e i-e<|uired. 
The exact number of persons wlio visited the Paris Exposition on the 
above number of paid admissions was 25,398,6iJt). The numlier admit- 
ted by passes in Paris was i,204-,758, making the total admissions, paid 
and free, 32,354,111. In Philadelphia the free admissions were 
l,90t),692, making tlie total attendance 9,010,960. At the Chicago Fair 
the admission was fifty cents, and no i'educti(.in was made except dur- 
ing Children's "Week in the month of October. 



632 



New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. 



The number of free admissions recorded at all of tlie expositions is 
mucli greater than the actual number of passes granted, as many work- 
men and regular officials and employees passed in and out several times 
daily. 

The greatest number attending in any one day at Paris was on October 
third, when there were 387,877 paid admissions. The highest attend- 
ance at Chicago was on October ninth, '• Chicago Day," when 716,881 
]3aid admissions were recorded. 

The following were the principal attendance days of the fair : 



May 1, 
June 8, 
July 4, 
Aug. 24, 
Sept. 4, 
Sept. 7, 
Sept. 9, 
Sept. 14, 
Sept. 16 
Sept. 23 
Oct. 7 



Opening Day 

Infanta's Daj' 

United States Day 

Illinoi.': Day 

N. York Day (ruondiiy). 

Pen nsy Ivan iii Day 

California Day 

Oliio Day 



128. 
135, 
283, 
243, 
160, 
203, 
231, 
198, 
202, 
21.5, 
0,00 



935 
281 
278 
951 
382 
460 
.522 
770 
376 
643 
176 



Oct. 



Oct. 10 
Oct. 11 
Oct. 12 



9, Chicago Day 716, 

309, 



309, 

278, 

Oct. lo 221, 

Oct. 21, Manhattan Day 298, 

Oct. 24 243, 

Oct. 25 252, 

Oct. 27 250, 

Oct. 28 240, 

Oct. 30, Closing Day 210, 



881 
294 
277 
878 
607 
928 
178 
618 
583 
32 
622 



Finance. 

The following table, taken from the report of Auditor William K. 
Ackerman iSoveniber 25, 1893, and complete to NoTember 12, 1893, 
with subsequent expenses estimated, gives a concise view of the 
financial history of the exposition. After all expenses and possible lia- 
bilities are paid it is estimated that the shareholders will receive from 
ten to twenty per cent on their investment. The souvenir coins were 
not the success expected and sold slowly. On the other hand, the con- 
cession receipts were greater than anticipated : 



Receipts. 

Capital stock §5,604,171 97 

Chicago bonds 5,000, 000 00 

Souvenir coins 2,448, 032 28 

Gate receipts 10,626,330 76 

Concession receipts,;.... 3,699,581 43 

Miscellaneous receipts . . . 686,070 49 

Interest 86,981 82 



§28,151,168 75 



Expenditxires. 
Construction expenses . . . $18,322,622 56 
General and operating ex- 
penses 7,127,240 32 

Preliminarj' organization. 90,674 97 



Outstanding debts, obliga- 
tions, estimated liabili- 
ties, salaries, office ex- 
penses, etc 

Net assets. 



62.5,540,537 85 



748, 
1,862, 



147 00 
483 90 



§28,151,168 75 



The capital stock was subscribed by residents of Chicago, and the 
city was bonded to the extenf'of $5,000,000 in aid of the enterprise ; 
the souvenir coins, half a million half-dollars, were gi-s-en to the expo- 
sition company by the United States to be sold at a premium. Those 
unsold were turned back into the treasury and recoined. 

A more detailed account of expenditures may be gathered from the 
f ollowine- statement : 



Historical Sketch. 



633 



Architecture §398,810 19 

Authropologv 21T.6::S8 65 

Art ". 801,444 68 

Affriculture 740,655 55 

Bridging 84.529 19 

Coloring and decorating... 388,284 31 

Concession expenses 128,209 44 

- Ceremonies 333,663 8:< 

Dredging 615.144 36 

Damages 197. 146 82 

Dairy 110.770 16 

Deco'rations 119. 134 81 

Donations and charities .... 27.996 17 

Electrical 1,911,857 04 

Engineering, survej'iug, tc. 218.229 03 

Fencing 95,631 45 

Fire protection 298.254 18 

Foreign agents 168,898 17 

Finance 601,230 85 

Fisheries 257,466 30 

Forestry 110.533 78 

Furniture 125.774 55 

Grounds 465.480 85 

Grate expenses 347,3-53 48 

General expenses 1,294,565 92 

Horticulture and floricul- 
ture 456,628 25 

Insurance 183,687 03 

Installation 387,950 81 

Janitors 378.038 42 

Landscape gardening 551,448 45 



Live stock §258,560 87 

Manufactures and liberal 

arts 1,890.198 65 

Marine service 58, 151 76 

Music 600.947 59 

Mines and mining 327,575 56 

Machinerv 2,786.684 91 

Medical and surgical 44,983 03 

National agitation 87,807 56 

Police projection 1,301,478 73 

Piers and breakwaters 600.449 11 

Preliminary organization. . . 90,674 97 

Public comfort'^ 1.50,404 23 

La Rabida Convent 25.0119 16 

Roads aud sidewalks 394. 428 41 

Railway transportation 1,247,101 48 

Sculpture 866,172 13 

Stable expenses 110,207 37 

Superintendence and inspec- 
tion 292,690 30 

Special attractions 125,760 75 

Shoe and leather 111,062 13 

Transportation exhibits. . . . 587,281 75 

Viaducts 39,637 63 

World's congress auxiliary . 264,061 03 

Woman's Building 141,032 55 

Water and sewage 1,132,770 44 

Total §25,540,537 85 



Tea^'spoetatiox. 

The transportation facilities yrere imexcelled. The park was con- 
nected with the heart of the city, seven and one-half miles distant, by 
surface cars, cable and electric, elevated railroad, Illinois Central rail- 
road, which devoted two tracks to exj)osition traffic alone, steamboat 
lines to Tan Bnren street, and was also within easy walking distance 
of the greater part of South Cliicago. The total carrying capacity of 
the ditferent lines was about 125,0o0 persons per hour. This system 
was tested thoroughly on Chicago Day, and the enormous crowd was 
handled successfully without serious accident or delay. 

Within the grounds transportation was by means of the Intramural 
railway, an elevated electric road, and electric launches on the lagoons. 



Midway Plaisance. 

No description of the fair, however brief, would be complete -svith- 
out an allusion to the famous side show of the exposition, " The Mid- 
way." This strip of land, seven-eighths of a mile long and &)() feet 
^vide, connects Jackson Park with Washington Park, and along its 
sides were ranged the various exhil)its. attractions and novelties culled 
from every quarter of the glol^e, but not strictly admissible into the 
exposition grounds proper. An admission fee was charged to all 
exhil)its of consequence. The co.smopolitan nature of the crowd which 
jostled up and down the thoroughfare, the strange intermingling of 

80 



634 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

languages, customs and manners, and the spectacular effect of the bits 
of Europe, Asia and Africa, transplanted to a western soil, formed a 
picture which delighted thousands. The principal features of the 
Plaisance were the German Village, Old Vienna, Cairo Street, Javanese 
Village, South Sea Islanders, Dahome)' Village, Irish Village, Jajjanese 
and Algerian Bazaars. Tlie Ferris Wlieel was an engineering work of 
such magnitude as to warrant notice. The wheel was 250 feet in 
diameter, and revolved on an axle wliich was forty-hve feet long, thirty- 
two inclies in diameter and weighed seventj'' tons. The feature of the 
wheel was the tension spokes, which were tinder strain only when in 
use. This occurred when the spokes were below the levtl of the axle, 
as they then held up the lower semi-circle of the wheel, whicli, in turn, 
supported the upper arc, thus forming a perpetual arched bridge. The 
number of cars was thirty-six, each capable of holding twenty -four 
persons. The wheel cost §380,000, and paid for itself by September 
tirst. 

A large portion of the revenue of the exposition company came 
from the amount paid for " concessions " by the companies and 
exhibits along the Plaisance. 

AwAEDS. 

The number of awards granted by the exposition was 23,757, which 
represented thirtj'-six per cent of the exhibitors entered for awards. 
This number is far below any other international exposition, Paris 
(1889) having granted 33,889 awards, or iifty-live per cent of the num- 
ber exhibiting. 

The system of awards, as devised by a joint commission of the 
World's Columbian Commission and World's Columbian Exposition, 
and approved by Congress, was a development of the " American sys- 
tem," hrst introduced at Philadelpliia (1876), and excludes the " com- 
petitive idea." A standard of excellence is hxed ii\ each group and 
class. All exhibits reaching this standard receive a bronze medal and 
also a dijiloma which states the specihc points of excellence for M-hich 
the award is granted. The diploma is signed by the individual judge 
making the examination and countersigned by the president of the 
departmental committee, or jury, which pass upon the findings reported 
by the individual judges. For full explanation of the system, see 
page 524. 

Close of the Exposition. 

The exposition company had agreed to restore Jackson Park to its 
former condition within a stated time, or to a condition acceptable to 
•the park commissioners. The Art Palace in the northern part of the 
grounds was better built than most of the structures, and will be allowed 
to remain as a permanent exhibfHon building. 

The waterways, lagoons, islands and other features of the landscape 
gardening will also remain to attest the wondrous creation of which it 
was the groundwork. It was earnestly hoped tliat some arrangement 
could be found whereby the Court of Honor might be undisturbed for 
several years at least. The " staff " which formed the. facades of the 



Historical Sketch. 635 

buildings will resist the wear of the elements for a long time if kept 
painted, and the project was possible. The grandeur of the court 
wliose fame had been carried to e-\'ery corner of the earth, would have 
atti-aeted visitors by the thousands and have been a scene of beauty 
and inspiration worth every trouble to preserve it. The deliberations 
af tiie exposition and park officials on the subject were cut abruptly by 
the spirit of vandalism which broke out in South Chicago in the winter 
of 1893-1894, and one after another tlie structures inclosing the court 
were destroyed by incendiary tires. 

The great exposition has become history. Its record is incomparably 
above any that has preceded it, and it has set a standard difficult to 
attain liy its successors. It will be known as the crowning industrial 
achievement of the close of the nineteenth century, and it attests not 
(inly the courage, genius and progress of the city which built it, but 
also of the whole American people who sustained and supported it. 



INDEX. 



Abel. Mary H., 412 

Academies exhibit. 459, 469 

Act of Legislature providing for Xcw 
Yorks part in the Columbian Exposi- 
tion, 18 

Act of Legislature providing for cele- 
bration of 4C0th anniversary of Colum- 
bus' discovery, 39 

Act of Legislature designatina: October 
12, 1892, a special holiday, 4f 

Act of Legislature making second appro- 
priation, 69 

Adler, Felix. 4.52, 460 

Administration Building, photographs of, 
136. 384 

Afro- American exhibit, 176; catalogue of, 
196 

Agricultural Building, photographs of, 
302. 424 

Agricultural exhibit: 
Description of, 73 
Report on. 219 
Catalogue of, 223 
Awards to. 531 
Photographs of, 223, 226, 242 

Albany Academy, 459 

Alb.mv Girls' Academy, 459 

Albany High School, 460, 464, 470 

Allen, Gorton W. : 

Submission of report, 3 

Appointment as National Commissioner, 

8 
Fourtli vice-president Columbian Com- 
mission, 8 
Joint b inijuet given by, 8 
Photograpli of, 14 

Speech at Commissioners' banquet, 15 
Appointment on Board of General Mau- 

agei-s. L J 
Vice-president Board of General Man- 
agers, 22 
Member of auditing committee, 26 

Altgeld, Gov. Johi. P., 123 

American .'lufeum Xatur.il History, 461 

Ames, S.r.i'i I"., Ib7 

Andrews. A. i... 5S8 

Anthropological Building, photograph of, 
416 

Apiarian exhibit, description, 74; photo- 
graph of, '. 

Appl 'tiin, C Ic-.nd. 379 

Appli 1 -Vii exhibit, 178; awards to, 180; 
catalo . '^ 192 

Archc • <i 1 coast 3Ifg. Co., 99 

Argylf. F ''53 

Arnold. C :arlotte, 184 

Ashburncr. C. A., 318 

Ashi-r. Dr.. 11 J 

Atkinson. Edward, 396, 424 



Atwater, William O., 412 

At wood, Cliarles B., 5 

Averell, Mrs. William J., 33, 157, 1-59 

Awards, system of, 524 

Awards granted Xew York Educational 
exhibit, 468 

Awards granted Xew York, list of: 
Department A, Agriculture, 531 
Department B, Horticulture, 538 
Department C, Live Stock, .541 
Department D, Fisheries, .544 
Department E, Klines and Mining, 545 
Department F, ilachinery, 548 
Department G, Transijortation, 551 
Department H. Manufactures, 553 
Department .T. Electricity, 561 
Department K, Fine Arts, 563 
Department L. Liberal Arts, 568 
Department M, Ethnology. .576 
Department X, Forestry, 577 

Awards, judges of, from Xew York, 
526 

Babcock. Samuel D., 42 

Bailer, Albert, 51)3 

Bailey, L. H.. 242 

Baker, W. T., 9, 17 

Banks, David, 42 

Banquet given by New York's Xational 
Commissioners, 8 

Banquet Hall (New York Building) : 
Description, 98 
Photoirraphs, 100, 124, 128 

Bai-nard.^F. A. P., 464 

Barnes. W. D.. 243 

Barsotti, Charles, 42 

Batcheler, Daniel, 220 

Beauchamp, W. M., 503 

Beck. Fr., & Co., 99 

Beck, T. Romeyn, 464 

Bee and Honey exhibit. 229; awards to, 
532; photOErraph of, 230 

Beecher, Charles E., 503 

Behr, H. , & Sons, 342 

Beldeu, James J., 7 

Bell, E. Hamilton, 186 

Bellamy, Mrs. Frederick P., 33, 157, 170. 
171, 172, 173 

Bendix, Max. 102 

Benjamin. William H., 22 

Bennet, Lewis. 51.0 

Bennett, Charles A., 458 

Berkeley School. 460 

Bessey. "Martha D., 160 

Biersfadt, Albert, 187 

Binghamton High School, 460 

Bishop, Mayor, "^109 

Black well. Dr. Elizabeth, 183 

Blake, E. M.. 316. 317 

Bliss. Louis E., 335, 336 



638 



]Kew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. 



Board of District Commissioners. See 

Judicial District Commissions 
Board of General Managers. See General 

Ma nagers 
Board of Health Exhibit. See Health, 

Board ef 
Boiird of Wom.en Managers. See "Women 

jNIanagers, Board of 
Boice, Hewitt, 334 
Bonnell, Geo. A., 368 
Boody, David A., 104 
Booth, Agnes, 13G 
Bowen, Hezekiah, 73, 319, 330 
Box, Henry W., 33; photograph of. 70 
Brand, Capt. E. L., 131 
Brazilian Building, photograph of, 630 
Breslin, James H., S 
Brittou, A. T., .534, o3S 
Britton, Mrs. Elizabeth G., 16o 
Britton, N, L., 318 

Brockport Union Agricultural Society, 255 
Brocton Wine Co., 245, 346 
Brooklyn day, 104 
Brooks, Maria, 186, 187 
Brotherhood Wine Co., 345 
Bryan, Thomas B., 6, 104, 109 
Budworth & Sons. 187 
Buffalo Normal School, 461 
Burhaus & Brainard, 334 
Burton, H. A., 268 
Butter-worth, Benj, 534 
Caldwell, E. A., 99 
Caliauan, P., 339 
Campbell, Frank, 111 
Card, W. PI., 369 
Carleton, Uis. Will, 500 
Carleton, Will, 500 
Carlisle, Sec. John G., 161 
Carnwright, A., 333 
Cassatt, Mary J., 163, 379 
Catalogues; 

Agriculture, 233 ; bee and honey, 
230; dairy, 233 

Charities and Corrections, 447 

Education, 474 

Ethnology, 502, 507 

Electricity, 375 

Fine Arts", 382 

Fish and Fisheries, 313 

Forestry, 518 

Horticulture : botanj', 306 ; floricul- 
ture, 291 ; pomoloey, 370 ; viticul- 
ture, 248 

Liberal Arts, general, 489 

Live Stock, 310 

Jlachinery, 361 

jManufactures, 367 

3Iines and Mining; minerals, ^1; 
petroleum, 331 ; building stones, 338; 
road metals, 340; clays, 355; lime 
and cement, 357; salt and gypsum 
357; mineral Avaters and iron ores, 
358; individual exhibits, 359 

Transportation. 364 

Woman's Building, 193 

Awards, 531-577 



Catholic Summer School, 460, 470 
Centi'al New York Horticultural Society, 

255, 356 
Cervantes, Senora. 103 
Charities and Corrections exhibit : 

Description of, 83 

Catalogue of, 447 

Report on, 444 

Awards to, 568 

Photographs of, 438^48 
Chase. William M., 379 
Chautauqua Horticultural Societj', 355 
Chautauqua Circle, 4C0, 465, 470 
Chicago's feeling towards New York, 30, 

31 
Chicago Naval Academy, 147 
Chic:ago Typotheta?, resolution of, 103. 
Chicago A\'recking Co., 148 
Children's Building, photograph of, 413 
Christiansen Institute, 460 
Christy, Orra, 268 
Clark," Mrs. Francis B., 129, 130 
Clarke, F. G.,Co., 337 
Clarke, Joseph L, 130 
Clarke, J. M., 318 
Clarke, William C, 315, 318 
Cleveland, Ex-President Grover, Colum- 
bian banquet, 44 
Cleveland, President Grover: 

Naval review, 71 

Opening of exposition, 73 
Clinton, De Witt, 464 
Clinton, George, 464 
Closing of the exposition, 147 
Coates, Mrs. Kittie, 500 
(Jockran, Bourke, 6 
Coder, John, 398 
Coe, Mrs. E. M., 463 
Cole. William H., 31 
Coleman, C. C, 97 
Coleman, E. G., 343 

Colgate University exhibit, 459, 409; pho- 
tograph of, 484 
College City of New Y'ork, 459, 469 
Collier, Dr. Peter, 321, 258. 268 
Colonial exhibit, 177; catalogue of, 194 
Columbia College exhibit, 4.57, 464, 469; 

photograph of, 473 
"Columbia" Fountain (MacMonnies'), 

photograph of, 140 
Columbia Wine Co., 345 
Columbian celebration in Chicago, change 

of date, 37 
Columbian celebration in New Y'ork, 37; 

programme of, 43 
Columbus, 110 

Committee of One Hundred, 38, 41 
Conklin, S. Louise, 173 
Conlon, Ellen, 187, 188 
Connolly, James, 180 
Connor," J. Q. A., & Son, 335 
Cook, Edwin C, 33; photograph of, 66 
Cooke, Susan G. , 158 
Cooking School exhibit: 

Description of, 83, 174 

Photograph of, 596 



Index. 



639 



Cooper Union, meeting at, 7 

Copley. J. S., 244 

Cornell Universitv exhibit. 458, 469 

Corning, Mrs. Ernst ns, 33, 157, 159, 185; 

pUotogRii3li of, 156 
Cornpluuter. 499 
Corrignn. Kt. He v. M. A., nddress at 

dedication of New York Building, 59 
Corson, Juliet, 83, 174. 175 
Cortland Xormul School, 461 
Costumed Dolls exhibit, ISIJ 
Court of Honor, photographs of. 74, 144 
Cox. Mrs. Kenvon, 187 
Cregier, De Witt, 6; address of, 127, 129 
Crehore Bros., 343 
Crescent Wine Co., 245 
Croly, Mrs. J. C, 172 
Crooker, James F., Ill, 453 
Crump, Shelley, 503 
Cummings, T. S., 459 
Curtice Bros., 266 
Cushing, H. P., 317 
Cutting, William Bayard. 287 
Dairy Building, i^hotograph of, 313 
Dairy exhibit : 

Description of, 74 

Report on, 233 

Catalogue of, 233 

Awards to, 533 

Photographs of, 234, 238 
Dale. T. Nelson, 318 
Dana. J. D., 318 
Danforth. Elliot, 111 
Davis. George R. : 

New York Commissioners' banquet, 9 

Meeting with New Y'ork boards, 27 

Opening exercises at Chicago, 73 

New Y'ork's obligation to, 93 

Speech on New York day, 120 
Davis, Katharine B., 81, 395; report of, 

394 
Da}' Nursery exhibit, 166 
Dean, James, appointment, 34, 75; report 

of, 284 
Dedicatory celebration, Cliicago. 37. 44 I 
Dedication of the New York Building, 

45-65 ! 

Delafield, Richard. 21; photograph of, 38 
Delaney, James, 503 
Dennis, Miss Caroline E., 33, 157, 159, 

163, 164 
Depew. Chauncey M. : 

Submission of report, 3 

Argument before Congressional com- 
mittee, 6 

Photograph of, 6 

Compromise measure of, 7 

Appointment as National Commis- 
sioner; 8 

Joint banquet given by, 8 

Speech at Commissioners' banquet, 9 

Appointment on Board of General 
-Managers, 20 

President of Board of General JIan- 
a.gers, 23 

Delivers Columbian oration, 45 



Depew, Chauncey M. — Continnctl : 

Address at dedication of New York 

Building. 47 
Speech on New Y'ork day. Ill 
Speech on Manhattan day, 140 
Dewey, H. T., & Sons, 246 
Dewey, Melvil : 
Appointment, 35 
Director, 80 
Secretary, 80, 173, 451 
Aid to Women's Library, 173 
Accepts directorship. 453 
Di Cesnola. General, 97 
Dielman, Frederick, 379 
Diplomas, wording of, 468 
Dix, Dorothea, 183 
Dixon Crucible Co., 343 
Dodge, 3[rs. Arthvu- M., 33, 157, 164 

166. 167, 183, 186, 190 
Dodge, Grace H., 164 
Donlon. James. 75 
Donovan. Daniel E.. 339 
Dciyle, Michael. & Co.. 266 
Draper. Andrew S. , 453 
Draper. Mrs. Anna Palmer, 165 
Draper. Henry G., 165, 459 
Draper, John W ., 459 
Du Fais, John, 32, 85 
DufEv, Hugh, 22; photograph of, 63 
Duniiing, jjavid M., 244 
Duparciuet. Huot & Moneusc Co., 100 
Duveen Bros., 99 

Dwight, Prof. Wilhara B., 315, 3is, 459 
Earle, Mrs. Henrv, 171 
Eastman. A, R., 233 
Eberhard, William G., 315, 318, 331 
Educational exhibit: 
Description of, 80 
Report on, 451 
Catalogue of, 474 
Awards to, 468, 569 
Photographs of, 453-493 and 533-584 
Plan of, 456 
IJighth Judicial District Commission, 33 

Photograjshs of, 70 
Eimer ife Amend, 463 
Electricity Building: 
Photograph of, 376 
Electricity exhibit: 
Catalogue of, 375 
Awards to. 561 
Elementary schools. 461. 469 
EUis, Edward, 31; photograph of, 54 
Ellsworth, J. W., 524 
EUwanger tt Barry, 244, 254, 256 
Emmerson, G. E.,"243 
Emmet, Lvdia Field, 160 
Emmons. Ebenezer, 316, 317, 318, 320 
Empire State AVine Co., 240 
English Building, 608 
Estcoiirt, Harry S., 21 
Ethnology exhibit: 
Catalogue of. 503 
Awards to, 576 
Exposition. See World's Columbian Ex- 
IDOsition 



640 



New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. 



jTaircliild, Samuel W., 21; photon'raph 

of, 38 
Farmer, L. J., 260 
Fellows, John K., 143 
Fcrrin, A. W., 498 
Ferris wheel, photograph of, 034 
Fifth Judieial District Commission, 21; 

photograph of, 58 
Financial report, 578 
I'lne Arts Building, photograph of, 380 
Fine Arts exhibit: 

Description of, 80 

Report on, 879 

Catalogue of, 382 

"Women's department of, 186 

Awards to, 563 
Finn, Margaret, 181 
First Judicial District Commission, 21; 

photograph of, 31 
Fisheries Building, photoirrapli of, 348, 

352 
Fish and Fisheries department: 

Catalogue of, 312 

Awards to, 544 
Fisher, R. C, & Co., 97 
Fitch Creche exhibit, 166 
Fitzgerald, Gen. Louis, 8 
Floriculture exhibit: 

Description of, 75 

Report on, 284 

Catalogue of, 291 

Awards to, 539 

Photographs of, 282-294 
Flower, Gov. Roswell P. : 

Photograph of, frontispiece 

Work in congressional connuittee, 7 

Appoints Board of General Managers 
and secretary, 20 

Appoints chief executive officer, 21 

Reviews naval parade at Columbian 
celebration, 44 

Presence at Columbian banquet, 44 

Presence at dedicatory celebration at 
Chicago, 45 

Presence at dedication of New York 
Building, 46 

Address at dedication of New York 
Building, 51 

First visit to the fair, 102 

Comments on exhibits, 103 

Informal reception to, 104 

Apijoints Chief Executive Officer Foley, 
109 

Presence on New Yorlc day. 111 

Speech on New York day, 114 
' Reception to, 126 

Joint reception to Governors Flower 
and Altgeld, 128 

" Sons of New York's " reception to, 126 

Address to " Sons of New York," 128 

Presence at Army and Navy b.ill, 130 

Tenders New York Building to Chicago, 
147 

Transmits report to Legislature, 152 

Receives banner for State, 160 

Afternoon tea to, 161 



Flower, Gov. Roswell P. — Continued: 

Aid of, for "Women's Library, 173 

Reference to Charities exliibit, 446 
Flower, Mrs. Roswell P., 161 
Foley, John: 

Submission of report, 3 

Appointment as chief executive officer, 
109 

Sketch of, 109 

Presides over banquet, 109 

Pliotograph of, 112 

Dispositi<m of exhibits, 147 

Letter to, 529 
Foord, John: 

Appointment of, 20 

Photograph of, 34 

Resignation of, 151 

Resolutions to, 152 
Foote, Mary Hallock. 163, 379 
Ford, Charles "W., 268 
Ford, Mrs. Gordon L., 171 
Forestry Building, photograph of, 513 
Forestry exhibit; 

Location of, 83 

Report on, 516 

Catalogue of, 518 

Awards to, 577 

Photographs, 516-528 
Fort Edward Collegiate Instittite, 459 
Fourth Judicial District Commission, 21 ; 

photograph of, 54 
Fowler, ^E. G., 75, 269 
Fredonia Normal School, 461 
French Pavilion, photograph of. 618 
Fruit exhibits, 252, 270 
Fry, T. M., 503 
Fuller & Skinner, 245 
Fuller, Geo. A., Co., 93 
Fuller, J. Ensign, 126 
Fungi exhibit. 

Location of, 76 

Report on, 305 

Catalogue of, 306 
Gabriels,'"Rt. Rev. Henry, 452 
Gaelic Society, New York, '289 
Gage, Lyman J., 129 
Garlow, Emeline, 500 
Garrett, Mary S., 167 
Gay nor, John F. . 21; photograph of, 58 
Geddes, George. 318 

Geologic map, pocket of cover, descrip- 
tion of, 315 
General Electric Co., 32, 84; description 

of exhibit, 88 
General Managers, Board of: 

Appointment of, 20 

Organization of 22 

Rules and regulations of, 22 

Work of, during 1892, 27 

Meetings of, 27 

Visit to Chicago, 27 

Address to people of the State, 27 

Endeavors to remove W^estcrn preju- 
dice, 30, 31 

Special duties, 85 

Donation to Nevr York celebration, 43 



Index. 



641 



'General Managers, Board of — Continued : 
Part in ^'r\v York eeli'iir,,tl<in, 43 
Part in dedicator}- celebration at Chi- 
cago, 44 
Dedicate New York Building, 43 
"Work of winter mouths, lSy2-l!S93, 66 
Second appropriation to. 68 
Report to romptroller, 69 
Close district commissioners' bnreaus, 

69 
Participation in naval review, 71 
Departure for Cliicago, T'3 
Resume of work, 72 
Exliibits made luidcr auspices of, 73-So 
Grant for library of Woman's Building, 

t?4 
Obliaations to Director-General D.-ivis, 

93" 
Acceptance of site for New Y'ork Build- 
ing, 98 
Approval of plans for New Y'ork Build- 
ing, 94 
Offices of, 98 

Social functions under control of, 103 
Courtesy to visiting societies, 103 
Reception to Brooklyn's mayor, 104 
Tribute to Donald McNaughton, 107 
Resolutions to Donald McNaughton, 108 
Reception and ball to "West Point 

cadets. 109 
Banquet on '\^'estern New York da\", 

109 
Presence on New York day, 111 
Disposition of exhibits, 147 
Disposition of New Y'ork Building, 147 
Closing work of, 149 
Transfer of exhibits to State Museum, 

150 
Report to the Governor, 1.51 
Resolution to print report of, 1.53 
Conclusion of work, 1.5.5 
References to. in reports: Women's, 156, 
1.57, 1.58, 163, 163, 170. 177, 18.5. 186; 
Agriculture, 219, 229, 232; Live 
Stock, 309; Mines and :Mining, 313; 
Fine Arts, 379, 380, 381; ModelHonie, 
394, 395, 443; Liberal Arts, 444, 44.5, 
431, 432, 4.53, 461 
German Building, photograph of, 613 
■Germania Wine t'o. , 343, 246 
Gherardi. Rear Admiral, 70 
Gifford, R. Swain. 379 
Gilbert, ^^' . IL. 333 
Gillespie, Jlrs., 160 
Gilroy, Thomas F., 130, 131; address of, 

133 
Goodale, Mrs. Francis A.. 171 
Gordon & Dilworth, 366 
(Jorham Manufacturing Co., 33, 84, 85; 

description of exliibit, 87 
Gould, George .L, 43 
Gould, Jay, 287 

Government Building, New Y'ork's His- 
torical exhibit, 83 
Grand Canal, photograph of, 83 
Grant Frederick, 161 



Grant, :Mrs. Frederick, 161 

Grant, Hugh J., 6, 41 

Grapes and wines. 343, 248 

Greeuouyh, Jlrs. William, 185 

Griswoht Mrs. Caspar, 180 

Groszman. Dr. ilax, 461 

Gunther's, C. G., Sons, N4; description of 
exhibit, 88 

Hailes, Tlieo. C, 464 

Hall, C. E., 316, 317 

Hall. Dr. .James, 313, 317, 318, 340, 343 

Hall, Jlargerv, 167, 190 

Halsev, .^rrs."Fred R., £3,137, 183, 186, 
187" 

Halstead, Murat, 104 

Hamilton, Alexander. 434. 517 

Hamilton College, 4.59, 469 

Hammond, Q. L., 139 

Hanunoudsport "Wine Co., 246 

Hanaford, Sirs. Pha-be A., 171 

Handy, Jloses P., 9; address at dedica- 
tion of the New Y'ork Building, 30 

Harper, J. Heury, 172 

Harris. Fanny, 167 

Harris, Geo. S., 337 

Harris, Hamilton, 453 

Harrison, Pres. Benjamin, 8, .44 

Harrison, Mrs. Burton N., 185 

Harrison, Carter H., 104, 109, U\, 133, 
147 

Harvej", Cornelius, 333 

Hawkins, J. F., 22 

Hawley, Gideon, 464 

Haj'cs, E.x-Pi'c.sideut, 44 

Health, Board of, location of exhibit, 82: 
report on, 449; awards to, 368; photo- 
graph of, 440 

Hecker, Caroline, 187 

Helvetia Wine Co., 346 

Hemstrought, Miss Annie, 33. 1.57 

Henderson, H. T. & J. D., 346 

Henderson, Peter, ct Co., 221 

Herrick, Prof. 438 

Hershiser, Orel E., appointment of, 35, 
' 74; report of, 339 

HerterBros., 97 

Higli School exhibit, 460. 469 

Higinbotham, Harlow N., 147, 148, 177, 
i'86 

Hill, David B., 8 

Hill, David .J., 4.53 

Historical exhibit. Government Building, 
83 

Historical sketch of exposition, 634 

Hoffman, .lolin T., 464 

Hoffman, Dr. Paul, 461 

Hollick, C. A.. 318 

Hopkins. John P., 139 

Hopkins', ]\Irs.. School. 165 

Horticultural Buikling, photographs of, 
270, 398 

Horticultural exhibit : 
Reports on, 243, 232, 284, 805 
Catalogues, 218, 370, 391, 305 
Awards to, 338 
Photographs of, 346-306 



642 



ISTew York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition". 



Hough, Eomejn B. : 

Appointment, 35, 83 

Report of, 516 
Howard, J. G., 269 
Howard, Miss J. Imogen, 33, 157, 164, 

176, 177, 189 
Howland, Louis Meredith : 

Appointment on Board of General Man- 
agers, 20 

Photograph of, 18 

Delegated b}' Board of General ilan- 
agers to supervise New York Build- 
ing. 69 

Management of Kew York Buildiuf;', 
100 

Complimentary resolutions to. 102 

Moves resolutions to Donald McNaugh- 
ton, 107 

Submission of report. 3 
Hoyt, Dr. Charles S., 444 
Hudson, Geo. H., 503 
Hudson, Henry, 110 
Hudson River Stone Su].iply Co., 339 
Humphre3'S, Mary Gay, 183 
Hunt, Richard il., 5, 379 
Huntington, Emily, 161, 163, 169, 170 
luderlied, E. C, 337 
Indian exhibit : 

Location of, S3 

Report on, 495 

Photographs of, 496, 500 
Industrial School Church of Holy Com- 
munion, 460 
Irondequoit Wine Co., 246 
Ives, Mrs. Florence C, 34, 156, 162, 165, 

188 
Ives, Halsey C, 162, 163, 187, 379 
Jack, Louisa, 500 
Jack, Luther W., 500 
Jeffrey, E. T., 6, 524 
Jennyss, Miss. 189 
Johnson, Eastman, 379 
Johnson, J. M.,268 
Johnson, Samuel, 464 
Johnson, Sir William, 496 
Jones, H. Bolton. 379 
Jones, Mrs. Frederick Rhinelander, 33, 

83, 157, 164, 177, 178 
Judicial District Commissioners, Board of: 

Appointment of, 21 

Meetings of, 27 

Closing of district bureaus, 69 

Work of commissions, 69 

Presence on New York day, 111 

Photographs of, 38, 43, 50, 54, 58, 62, 
66, 70 
June, Jennie, 172 

Kane, S. Nicholson. 43 *-' 

Keith, Dora Wheeler, 84, 170, 186 
Kelly, Patrick, 333 
Kem'p, J. F., 317 
Kennedy, Nathaniel, 499 
Kernan, Walter N., 21; photograph of, 

58 
Keuka Wine Co., 246 
Kilgour, F. A., 335, 336 



Kimball, William S., 22; photograph of, 

66 
Kindergarten exhibit. 461, 469 
King. W. F., 524 
Kingsbury & Son, 336 
Kinney Bros., 336 
Kinyoun, Frank, 243 
Kipp, Major, 379 
Kirkpatrick Bros., 336 
Kitchen Garden Association, 169 
Knitting Mills exliibit, 187 
Koons, Henry, 23; photograph of, 70 
Lace exhibit (loan), 185; catalogue of- 

200 
La Fort, Daniel, 500 
Lake George: 

Relief map of, 604 
Lane, H. T., 368 
Larrabee, Miss, 169 
La Salle Institute, 459 
Lathrop, Austin, 111 
Leather and Shoe Trades Building, plio- 

tograph of, 373 
Letchwortli. William P., 444, 445 
Lewis, Ednuinia, 177 
Liberal Arts department: 

Reports on, 394. 444, 449, 451 

Catalogues of, 447, 474, 489 

Awards to, 568 
Library exhibit (Women's). 170; catalogue 

of, 205 
Lintner. Dr. J. A., 314 
Live Stock exhibit: 

Description of, 76 

Report on, 309 

Catalogue of, 310 

Awards to, 541 
Loan exhibit, 177 ; catalogue of, 198 
Lockwood, Florence, 182 
Loiillard Refrigerator Co, , 100 
Love, Maria M., 33, 157, 159, 166, 167, 

169, 185, 190. 
Low, Seth, address of, 144, 452 
Low, Will H., 525 
Luquer, Lea M., 314; report of, 319 
Lj'decker, Captain, 379 
Jlachinery Building, 360 
Machinery exhibit: 

Catalogue of, 361 

Awards to, 548 
Main avenue for State buildings, photo- 
graph of, 588 
Manhattan day, 130 ; parade on. 131 ; 

literar_y jjrogramme, 133. 
Manny & Ross, 335 
Manufactures Building, photograplis of, 

152, 440, 393 
Manufactures Building, photograplis of 

American section. 86, 88 
Manufactures exhibit : 

Catalogue of, 367 

Awards to, 553 
Maps, economic and geologic, pocket of 

cover, description of, 315 
Maps, Exposition grounds, 624 ; judicial 

districts, 33 



I>'DEX. 



643 



IMaps. See, also. Relief maps 

Marev, Williiim, 464 

^larsiiall, ^yilliam B., 314; report of. 

5(»3 
Martiu. C. W., 335, 336 
Martin. Marv. 159 
Marvin, D. S., 244 
Masten, J. II., 501 

Mattice, ilanly B., 21; photograpli of, 50 
Maxwell. James. 334 
Maxwell, William H., 452 
^lavnard, George, 97, 379 
McChesney, Clara, 186 
McCormick, C. H., 524 
McElrov, "William H., poem at dedication 

of New York Biiildins, 63 
MfKehvav, St. Clair, 104 
McKini, Charles F., 97 
McKim, Mead & White, 5, 93 
McMahon, Martin T., 42, 43 
McXaughton, Donald : 

Appointment as chief executive officer, 
31 

Photograph of. 30. 

dominates officers of "Women's Board, 
34 

Inspection of exhibits with Governor 
Flo-wer, 102 

Sickness and death, 105 

Sketch of life, 105, 106 

Burial of, 107 

Resolutions to, 108 

Mention of, 109 

Aid to Art exhibit, 178 

Instigates Board of Health exhibit, 449 

Aid to Educational exhibit, 461 
McXaughton Co., 221 
3IcPherson, Rev. Simon J., dedication 

pr.iver, 46, 107 
McVickar, .lames H., 129 
Mead. Abraham. 42 
Merrill, F. J. H. : 

Appointment of. 35, 77 

Report of. 313 

Mention of. 317, 346 
Mcver, Cord. Jr., 21, 22; photograph of, 

42 
Miles, Captain, 131 
Miles, General Nelson A., 131, 161 
Miles, Mrs. Nelson A., 161 
Miller. Warner, 6 
Millet, Frank D.. 5, 98, 379 
Mills, Charles, 264 
Mills, Colonel. 109 
Millspansh. W. H., 244 
Milne. William J.. 4.52 
Mines and ^lining Building, photograph 

of, 320 
Mines and Mining exhibit: 

Description of, 76 

R -ports on, 813, 319, 829, 831, 338, 342, 
356 

Cat.ilogues of. 321, 331, 838, 340, 341, 
342. 355, 356, 357, 3.58, 359 

Awards to, 545 

Fhotographs of, 310-340 



Minor, >Iiss. 130 

Miuturn. Miss Elizabeth T. 33, 157 

Mitchell, Dr. J. S., 421, 422 

Moore, Jacob, 263 

Morse, S. F. B., 459 

Morton, Vice-President Levi P.: 

Reviews Columbian parade, 44 

Photograph of. 46 

Columbian banquet, 44 

Presides over dedication ceremonies, 
45 
Moulthrop, S. P.. 463 
Mower. Z. B., ct Co., 332 
ilulli.gan, Charlotte, 171 
Xavai parade at Columbian celebration, 

43 
Xaval Review, New "i'ork, April. 1893, 

70 
Xevins, Thomas, & Sons, 337 
Xewberry, Walter C, 129 
Xewbold. Miss, 186 
Xewburgh Free Academy, 460, 470 
Xewcomb, ilarie Guise, 186 
Xew York Building: 

Dedication of, 45-65 

Description of. 92 

Banquet hall, description of. 98 

Social functions in, 100 

Suspension of entertainments, 108 

Disposition of, 147 

Photographs of, 92, .592 

Photographs of interiors, 96-132 
Xew York Central Railroad Co., 32, 79, 

84; description of exhibit, 90 
Xew York dav, 110 
New York Florists' Club, 285, 286, 289 
New York ililitarv Academy, 459 
New York Trade School, 463, 469; photo- 
graphs of, 580, 584 
New York's part in the fair, 73-103 
Nichols, Rhoda Holmes, 186 
Nightingale, Florence, 167 
Normal t'ollese. 469 
Normal Schools' exhibit, 461, 469 
Norton, John T., 31, 23; photograph of, 

50 
O'Bail, Solomon, 499, .500, 501 
Obelisk, Geological, 840; photoaraph of, 

340 
O'Connor. Joseph, 131 
Old Guard. 131 
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 5 
Oneonta Xormal School, 461 
O'Xeil, George F., 22; photograph of, 62. 
O'Neil, James, 384 
Opening exercises at Chicago, May, 1893, 

73 
Orange County Agricultural Society, 855 
Orleans Countv Agricultural Society, 255 
Ostcrhoudt, Julius, 384 
Oswego Xormal School, 461, 465 
Owens, Dr.. 168 
Packer. Mrs. Wm. S., 171 
Page. J. Seaver, 17 
Palmer, Mrs. ^Uice Freeman, 178 
Palmer, Potter, 129 



644 



[N^EW YoEK AT THE WoELD's CoLUJIBIAX ExPUSITION. 



Ptilmcr, ilrs. Pottei'. 130, 147, 148, 158. 

161, 166, 168, ITO, ITl, 172, 174, 181, 

183, 185, 186, 187, 188 
Palmer, Tliomas W., 9, 17 
Partridge, Jeremiali, 335 
Patterson, Emeline, 500 
Pattersou, Miss Prances Todd, 33, 157, 

159, 190 

Pattison, Governor, 130 
• Peck, Charles H., 76; report of, 305, 313 
Peck, Governor. 130 
Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Leslie, 33, 147, 157, 159, 

160, 186, 187 

Peristjie, photograph of, 148, 344 
Perkins, George, 464 
Perry, A. D.,-269 
Perry, Isaac G.. 149, 315 
Perry, ^Y. S., 397 
Persbacher Bros., 336 
Phalen, Nicholas, 262 
Phillips, John, 21 
Photo-engravings : 

Administration Building, 186, 384 

Agricultural Building, 302, 424 

Agricultural e.\hibit,""222, 226, 243 

Aflcn, Gorton AV.. 14. 

Anthropological Building. 416 

Bee and Honey exhibit, 230 

Brazilian Government Building, 620 

Charities and Corrections' exhibit, 428- 
448 

Children's Building. 412 

Cooking School exhibit, 596 

Corning, Mrs. Erastus, 156 

Court of Honor, 74, 144 

Dairv Building, 312 

Dairy exhibit, 234, 238 

Depew, Chauncey 31.. 6 

Educational exhibit, 453-492, 332-584 

Educational exhibit, plr.n of, 456 

Eightli Judicial District Commission, 70 

Electricity Building, 376 

English Government Building, 60S 

Ferris Wheel, 634 

Fifth Judicial District Commission, 58 

Fine Arts Building, 380 

First Judicial District Commission, 38 

Fisheries Building, 348 

Fisheries Building, Portal of, 352 

Floriculture exhibit, 282, 286, 290, 294 

Flower, Gov. Ros'n'ell P., frontispiece 

Foley, John, 113 

Foord, John, 34 

Forestry Building, 512 

Forestrj' exhibit. 516-528 
■ Fountain " Columbia," 140 

Fourth Judicial District Commis- 
sion. 54 ^ 

French Pavilion. 616 

German Government Building, 612 

Government Building, 388 

Grand Canal, 82 

Health. Board of. exhibit. 440 

Horticultural Building. 270 

Horticultural Building Dome, 298 

Horticulture exhibit, 246-306 



Photo-engravings — Continued : 
Howliind, Louis Meredith, 18 
Indian exhibit, 496, 500 
Lake George, relief map of. 604 
Leather and Shoe Trades Building; 

372 
Machinerv Building, 360 
McNaugliton, Donald, 30 
Manufactures Building, 152, 420 
Manufactures Building (view from),. 

392 
Manufactures Building (American 

section), 86, 88 
Main Avenue for State Buildings, 583- 
Mines and Mining Building, 320 
Mines and Mining exhibit, 316-340 
Morton, Vice-President Levi P., 46 
New York State Building, 92, 592 
New York State Building interiors, 
96, 100, 104, 108, 116, 130, 124, 128, 
132 
Peristyle and " Republic," 344 
Peristyle, section of, 148 
Pomology exhibit, 254, 258, 262, 266, 

274 
Sage, Mrs. Dean, 160 
Scientific exhibit, 504, 508 
Seal of Board of General Managers, "6 
Seal of Board of Women ^Managers, 26 
Second Judicial District Commission, 

42 
Sessions, Walter L. , 20 
Seventh Judicial District Commission, 

66 
Sixth Judicial District Commission, 62= 
Soldiers' jMonmnents exhibit, 600 
Sweet, Cimrles A., 24 
Terminal Building, 356 
Thacher, John Boyd. 10 
Third Judicial District Commission, 50' 
Transportation Building, 384 
Transportation Building (Golden Door- 
way), 368 
Transportation exhibit, 78 
Viticulture exhibit, 246, 350, 278 
Wool exhibit, 310 
Woman's Building, 218 
Women's Board exhibits, 164-216 
Workingman's 3Iodel Home, 396 
Worklngman's Model Home, plans of, 
400-409 

Pickering, Prof.. 165 

Pierson, M. F.. 233 

Pleasant Valley Wine Co., 345, 246 

Pomological exhibit ; 
Description of, 73 
Eeport on. 252 
Catalogue of, 270 
Award's to, 338 
Photographs of, 234-374 

Porter, Horace, 42; address of, 134 

Porter, W., 334 

Post, George B.. 5, 459 

Potato exhibit, 222; catalogue of, 22S 

Potsdam Normal School, 461 

Potter, E. C, 96 



IXDEX. 



645 



Potter/Miss, 164. 165 
Potter, Orlaudo B., 23 
Powell, George T. : 
Appointment, 34, 75 
Report of, 2o-2, 255 
Pratt, Freaerlck B., 397, 452 
Pnitt, Harvey D.. 243 
Pratt Institute, 462, 465, 469; photosraph 

of, 576 
Private schools exhibit, 460 
Programme of Columbian celebration , 42 
Programme of ceremonies of dedication 

of State Building, 46 
Pruvu, Robert C.,"23 
Prvbr, ilrs., 172 
Putnam, Prof. F. AV., 499 
Randall & L nderwood, 336 
Ransom, Willard T. , 22; photograph of, 

70 
Reeves, Mrs. Emma, 500 
Regents. Board of. See University State 

of New York 
Belief map of Erie canal, description of, 

79 ; photograph of, 7!<. 
Relief map of Lake George, description 

of, 81; photograph of, 604 
Relief map of Sew York, description of, 

77; photograph of, 324 
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 462, 465, 

469; photograph of, 576 
Reports : 

Agriculture, 219 
Bee and Honey, 229 
Botany, 305 

Chaiities and Corrections, 444 
Dairy, 232 
Education, 451 
Finance. 578 
Fine Arts, 379 
Floriculture, 284 
Forestry, 516 
Health and Hygiene, 449 
JHorticulture, 242 
Indian, 495 
Live Stock, 309 

Klines and Mining, 313; minerals, 319; 
petroleum, 329; building .stones, 331; 
road metals, 338; clays, 342; Ume and 
cements, 356 
Pomology, 252 
Viticulture, 242 
Women ilanagers, 156 
"SYorkingmans ilodel Home, 394 
Zoology, 503 
"Reynolds", John H,, 109 
Rice. C. W., 268 
Rice, Frank, 111 
Richards, Ellen H., 412 
Ricketts, P.-ilmer C. 452 
Ries, Heinricb, 314, 315, 316, 318; reports 

of, 338, 342 
River vie%v Academy, 4.59 
Rochester Athena'um and Mechanics' In- 
stitute, 462. 469 I 
Rochester High School. 460 
Rochester University, 459, 469 ] 



Rogers, Howard J.: 
Assistant director, 80 
Appointed to write official report, 152 
Rej3ort on educational exhibit, 451 
Appointment of, 452 
Roosevelt, ^liss Anna, 33, 157, 176, 180, 

181, 183, 184, 189 
Roosevelt. James, S 
Root, J. W., 4.59 
Rorer, ilrs., 175 
Rosendale, Simon "W., Ill 
Rowe. AVilliam H., Jr., 21; photograph 

of. 50 
Ro3'ce, Mrs. Charles Havens, 171 
Runkle, Mrs. Lucia Gilbert, 172 
Ryckman, G. E., 243, 245 
Sack's. Dr., School, 460 
Sage. 3Irs. Dean. 33, 157. 159, 170, 186, 

187; photograph of, 160 
Salmon, Prof. Lucy M., 173, 394, 443, 452 
Sanborn, JohnW.; 

Appointment of, 35, 83 

Report of, 495 
Savage, Seward M., 315 
Schenck. 3Iartin, 111 
Schilling A; Co.. 315 
Schurmanu. J. G., 4.52 
Scientific exhibit: 

Location of, 82 

Reports on. 313, 503 

Photosraphs of, 504, 508 
Scofleld,''J. L., 229 
Seals of boards, ijhotographs of, 26 
Second appropriation, 68 
Second Judicial District Commission, 21; 

photo.graph of. 42 
Seibert, Henry, 21; i^hotograph of, 42 
Selection of site, 
Sessions, Walter L.: 

Submission of report, 3 

Appointment of. 20 

Photograph of. 20 

Member auditing board, 26 
Seventh Judicial District Commission, 22; 

photograph of, 66 
Seward, ^A'illiam H., 464 
Sewell, W. J., 528 
Shaw, Edward R., 459 
Shavnc, John T., 129 
Shepley. Annie B., 186 
Sheppard, George S., 243 
Sherwood, Rosina Emmet, 186 
Shull, Josiah: 

Appointment of. 34, 74 

Report of, 232 
Siebrecht & Wadley, 149 
Silverheels, Ananias. SCO 
Silverheels. ilyron. 500 
Simmons. J. Edward. 42 
Sixth Judicial District Commission, 22; 

photosrraph of, 62 
Skiff, F^J. v.. 27 

Sloan, George B., 21; photograph of, 58 
Sloane, W. A- J.. 99 
Smalley. B. B.. 524, 528 
Smith, Charles S., 17 



646 



New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. 



Smitli, E., & Sons. 264 
Smith, George T.. 23 
Smock, John C, 318,331 
SmyUi, C. II., Jr., 317 
Snow, George C: 

Apiiointment of, 33, T6 

Keport of, 212 
Soltlier.s' !Mounments cxliibit, photographs 

of, (iOO 
Somer.s, DmvuI JI., 31 ; photograph of, 42 
" Sons of Kew YoSk," reeeptioa and ball, 

136, 131 
Space: 

Applications for, 30 

Granted New York, 6T 
St. Francis Xavier, college of, 465 
St. Gaudens, Aii^'uslus, 379, 525 
St. John, Mrs. IL A., 159, 171 
St. John's Jlilitnry School, 459, 465 
St. Joseph's Acddcniv, 459 
St. Patrick's Academy, 459 
Stanton, Edmund C, 21 
Stanton, "Walter, 23 
Starin, John II., 42 
State Agricultural Society. 269 
State IMuseum; 

Receives exhibits, 151 

Creates new department, 151 
■ Botanical exhibit, 305 

j\lention of, 389, 313, 314, 467, 473, 503 
State Librarian. See Pewey, ^lelvil 
State Library, 457, 464, 473, 473 
State Experiment Station, 331. 243, 255. 

257, 258, 261, 362, 264, 267, 36S, 305. 
Stevens, George S. , 31, 109; linancial 

report by, 578 
Stewart, Lispenard, 8 
Stieringer, Lulher S., 90 
Storied Hollywood, 327 
Stowed, Ilenr\-, 22; photograph of, 66 
Stranahan, Mrs. J. S. T., 33, 104, 157, 

159, 174. 175, 186. 
Straus, jNIrs. Oscar S., 33. 157 
Sub-departments, establishing of, 34 
Sulzer, William, 111 
Sweeny Bros , 334 
Sweet,' t'harles A.: 

Submission of report, 3 

Appointment on Board of General 
Managers, 20 

Photograph of, 2t 
Tappin, James W., 21, 23; photograph 

of, 38 
Taylor, James M., 452 
Teachers College exhibit, 458, 463, 469. 

470; photographs of, 564, 568 
Teator, AV. S., 503 
Terbell & Ridgcway, 335 
Terminal Building, photograph of, 356 
Thaeher, John Boyd : 

Submission of report, 3 

Appointment as National Commr., 8 

Appointment as chairman executive 
committee on awnrtls, 8 

Joint baucjuet given by, 8 

Photograph of, 10 



Thaeher, John Boyd — CuiitiiiticcI : 

Speech at Commissioners' banquet, 13 

Appointment on Board of General 
Managers, 20 

Member of auditing board, 36 

Reasons for changing date of Columbian 
celebration, 37 

Efforts for change of date of Columbian 
celebration, 38 

Workingnian's Model Home, idea of, V'i- 

Historical exhibit, efforts for, 83 

Wampum belt belonging to, 84 

Seconds resolution to Donald Mc- 
Naughtou, lo7 

Introduces resolution before National 
Comntission, 108 

Suggests seal for AVomen's Board, 160 

Loans autograpljs, 165 

Colonial and Loan exhibits, part in, 177, 
184, 185 

Suggestion of Workingman's Model 
Home, 394, 395, 443 

Efforts for Educational exhibit, 451, 453 

On committee on awai'ds, 534 

Chairman of I'ommittee on awards, 53$; 

Letter from. 539 
Third Judicial District Commission, 21;. 

photograph of, 50 
Thompson, Mrs. Frederick F., 171 
Thompson, Joseph T. , 264 
Thursby, Emma, 102 
Thurston, Robert IL, 22; photograph of, 

C2 
Tiffany A- Co., 32, 84, 85, 97, 529; descrip- 
tion of exhibit, 85 
Tiffany Chapel, description of, 86 
Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., 32, 84„ 

85; description of exhibit, 86 
Tiffany, Loius C., 86 
Tomes, JIargaret, 166, 178, 188, 189, 190 
Tracey, Charles, 7 
Tracey, E. D. C, 268 
Transportation Building-, photographs of,, 

364, 368 
Transportation exhibit : 

Description of, 78 

Catalogue of, 364 

Awards to, 551 

Photon-raph of, 78 
Trautnia"^un, Mrs. Ralph, 129, 130, 158, 160,, 

166, 177 
Tuckev, AVilliam, 184 
Tulhill, William B., 80, 379, 381 
Ulster Bluestone Co., 334 
Underhill. Francis L., 219 
University of Chicago, 460, 470 
University City of New York exhibit, 

459, 465, 469; photograi>h of, 480. 
University Extension exhibit, 460, 469,, 

473 
LTniversity State of New York : 

Acknowledgment of exhibits, 151 

Exhibit of, 456, 457, 465, 467 

Jlention of, 305, 313, 453 

Diplomas to, 470 

Photographs of, 476, 488 



Index. 



e-ir 



Urbana Wine C'd., i46 
Vail, Prof. A. S., 459 
Vauilcrbilt, Coruelius, 43 
Vau liigou, D.. 318, 329 
Vanuxem, L., 317 

Vassal- Culk-ge exhibit, 459, 469; photo- 
graph of, 484 
Veragun, Duke of, 73 
Viticulture exhibit ; 

Du.seription, 7,'5 

Keiioi't on. 343 

Catalogue of, 348 

Awards to, 538 

Pholosraplis of. 34(i-378. 
Voit, Prof., 413 
Vote for exposition site, 8 
Waddinirton, Mrs. George, 33, 157 
Wadsworth, Mrs. Charles F.,33, 157, 159, 

104. 16.5. 1.85, l.SS, 189, 190 
AVaguer Palace Car Co., 33 
Wahle, Charles G. F., Jr., 41 
Wuite, Governor, 130 
Walcott, C. D., 318 
Walton, John, .503 
Ward, Henry L., 77 
Ward, J. Q. A., 80, 379 
Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 

77, 84; description of exhibit, 91 
Warner, Olin L., 379 
Washiu!;ton, General, 499 
Webb, Mrs. H. AValter. 33, 157, 1(54, 165, 

166, 178, 186 
^'ebb. ^Irs. James Watson, 165 
Weed, Ella, 453 
Weed, George S., 31; photograph of, 

54 
Weil's, Mrs. Leopold, school, 460 
Wellcome, Henry S.. 187 
Western Xeiv York day. 109 
Western New York Horticultural Society, 

355, 356 
Westinffhouse, Church. Kerr & Co., 84 
West P^oint cadets, 109 
Wheeler, Mrs. Candaee. 34, 157, 160, 170, 

17.8, 179 
White, Jlrs. Andrew D., 33, 157, 1.59, 164, 

173 
Wliite, Howard G., 164 
Wlnte, ilrs. Howard G., 33, 157, 1.59, 163, 

164 
White, R. D., 31.5, 318 
White, Stanford, 379 
White, T. G.. 317 
Whitney, Annie, 187 
Whitney, Thomas J., 31; photograpli of, 

54 
Wihl. Alfred. .5(13 
Williams, A. B.. 366 
Williams, Chief, .500 
Williams, John, 97, 99 
Wines, 344 
Woman'-s Building, photograph of, 318 



Women ^Managers, Board of: 

Appointment of, 33 

Exhibits in Woman's Building, 84 

Offices of, 98 

Receptions of, 103 

Reception to Goy. Flower, 104 

Presence on New Y'ork day, HI 

Sale of articles, 148 

Report of, 156 

Rules and by-laws, 157 

Seal of board, 160; photograph of, 26 

Execiitiye committee, 163 

New Y'ork local conimiltcc, 165 

Committee on pliihmtliroiiy, 166 

Library committee, 170 

Committee on literature. 170 

Committee on education, 173 

Cooking school exhibit, 174 

Afro-Amerieau exhibit, 176 

Committee on colonial exhibit, 177 

Applied arts cummittec, 178 

Committee on manufactures, 180 

Committee on statistics, 181 

Costumed doll exhibit, 183 

Committee on music, 183 

Committee on laces, 185 

Committee on line arts, 186 

Knitting mills exhibit, 187 

Installation and closing of exhibits, 188 

Catalogue of exhibits, 193 

Photographs of exhibits, 164-316 
Wood, James; 

Appointment of, 34 

Director, 73, 76 

Reports of, 319, 309 
Woodhull, John F., 463 
AVoodward, A. H., 335 
Wool exliibit, 74, 221; photograph of, 

310 
Workingman's Model Home: 

Description of, 81 

Report on, 394 

Photograph of, 396 

Plans of, 400-409 
Workingman's School, 460 
World's Columbian Exposition, 5 

Sketch of, 634 

Grounds of, 634 
World's Columbian Exposition bill (Stale), 

text of, 18 
World's Columbian Commission, 108 
World's Fair bill (National) signed, 8 
World's Fair bill (State), text of. See 

World's Columbian Expo.sition bill 
Wortliintrton, Henry R., 84, 529 
Wright, B. II.. 318' 
Wriirlit, Carroll D., 396, 407, 413, 424 
Wright, S. H., .503 
Y'oumaus, Wm., 337 
Y'oung, BickniU. 103 
Zoological exliibit, report and catalogue, 

503 



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